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season or longer, rarely quickly deciduous; blade glabrous or floccose to tomentose, occasionally also glandular. Inflorescences cymose, cymose-umbellate,

annual or perennial. Stems erect or decumbent to ascending, stellate-canescent to stellate-silvery-lepidote, rarely glabrous. Leaves petiolate or sessile;

entire or toothed, faces glabrous or arachnose, canescent, floccose, lanate, puberulent, or tomentose (bases little, if at all, bristly-ciliate, oil-glands

sparsely tomentose; not Arctic > 60 60 Plants ± rhizomatous (rhizomes branched); stems canescent, floccose-tomentose, lanate, or lanate-tomentose > 61 60 Plants

teeth and lobes bristly-tipped, faces green and glabrous or densely gray-canescent, usually eglandular. Heads discoid, borne singly, terminal and in distal

usually entire, rarely toothed, face glabrous or canescent, hirtellous, scabrellous, strigose, or tomentose, often glanddotted as well. Heads radiate or discoid

abaxial surface puberulent, canescent, or tomentose, adaxial surface glabrous, sparsely pubescent, puberulent, canescent, or tomentose. Capsules ovoid to ± spherical

woolly-tomentose (young). Inflorescences 1–4 (–7) -flowered, usually highly reduced panicles; branches usually appressed-white-pubescent to canescent or tomentose

short-soft-hairy to white-tomentose; bracts not appressed, (spreading), leaflike, wide-lanceolate, 6–20 mm, apex acute, surfaces canescent. Pedicels 5–9 mm, hairy

6–1.5 (–1.8) × 0.05–0.4 (–0.6) cm, white-tomentose or canescent to subglabrous abaxially, tomentose or canescent and grayish, subglabrous, or glabrous and

crowns woody). Stems erect, usually much branched, glabrous or lanate-tomentose to scabrid or short-villous. Leaves cauline (deciduous); alternate; subpetiolate

short-shoots, canescent, strigose, or villous; bark gray or brown. Leaves: blade linear to ovate, ape× mucronate, acute, or obtuse, surfaces canescent, strigose

to erect, branched from bases or throughout, glabrous or sericeous to tomentose (hairs medifixed), usually gland-dotted as well. Leaves mostly basal (sometimes

1st year, short, and water-sprout; glabrous, glabrate, downy, canescent, or pilose-tomentose. Leaves deciduous, cauline, alternate, dimorphic with shoot

62 Annuals, perennials, or shrubs (glabrous or canescent, hirtellous, scabrellous, strigose, or tomentose, often gland-dotted or glandular-puberulent to

County, Nevada) Tonestus 13 Leaf faces glabrous or canescent, ± puberulent, hispidulous, tomentose, or villous, and/or sometimes ± stipitate-glandular

yellowish, often scarious, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces glabrous, tomentose, or setose, sometimes stipitate-glandular, adaxial glabrous or with appressed

florets 8–16; phyllaries 8–16; plants hirsute, pilose, puberulent, or tomentose-canescent; Texas > 3 3 Leaf blades deltate to ovate overall, 3-lobed Perityle

prostrate or erect, leafy proximally and distally, puberulent or canescent to gray-tomentose, sometimes glabrous, on caudex from subligneous rhizome. Leaves

light-brown to gray-green (woody, somewhat pliable, leafy), persistently canescent to glabrescent. Leaves deciduous, whitish gray or green to dark gray-green;

Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 50–250 cm, herbage canescent-tomentose throughout. Stems: wings 0.5–2 cm wide. Leaves 10–50 cm, margins shallowly

1–3-pinnatifid. > 17 17 Leaf blade surfaces canescent or tomentose. > 18 18 Leaf blade surfaces tomentose; adaxial petals flat; ec Idaho, sw Montana. Synthyris

slightly angled or round, green to straw yellow, glabrous or canescent, pilose, or tomentose, sessile and stipitate-glandular, 2d or 3d year epidermis exfoliating

± villous to canescent. Peduncles elongating after flowering, (15–) 25–60 (–96) cm in fruit, ± glabrate, or apically villous to tomentose, eglandular,

ovate to lanceolate-ovate, 5–15 mm, apex acute, surfaces canescent. Pedicels 4–10 mm, tomentose. Flowers: corolla white to pink, conic; ovary densely white-hairy

auriculate-clasping, margins entire, plane, surfaces smooth, appressed gray-canescent to finely tomentose, glabrescent. Inflorescences racemes, simple or 1-branched; immature

or ± lobed, margins entire, plane, surfaces smooth, gray-canescent or densely white-tomentose, glabrescent. Inflorescences panicles, 2–5-branched; immature

rounded, 5–20 (–30) dm, not appearing thorny. Young stems densely canescent-tomentose, hairs conic to cylindric, dendritic, uneven in height. Leaves alternate

surfaces sometimes with hooked prickles on midveins, densely white-canescent to tomentose, eglandular. Inflorescences (2–) 3–7 (–20) -flowered, cymiform or

acuminate or attenuate, apex acute to acuminate, canescent or sericeous adaxially, sericeous-tomentose with white or gray hairs abaxially. Spikes sparsely

raised abaxially, surfaces densely equally silvery-gray-tomentose or irregularly canescent-tomentose, hairs conic to cylindric, dendritic, uneven in height

Plants 8–25 (–45) cm (profusely branched, densely leafy); densely tomentose-canescent. Leaves: petioles 6–10 mm; blades usually broadly ovate to subdeltate

blue-green with age, canescent, tips thorny. Leaves: blade linear or linear-lanceolate, 4–20 × 1–5 mm, ape× mucronate, surfaces canescent, lacking glandular-hairs

base attenuate to cuneate, apex acute to obtuse, canescent to subscabrous adaxially, sericeous-tomentose abaxially. Spikes dense, much-branched, apex often

6–15-flowered; branches canescent; bracteoles caducous, linear, membranous, margins stipitate-glandular. Flowers 15–17 mm diam.; hypanthium tomentose especially proximally;

Copyright: Plants spreading to erect, 0.2–1 (–1.5) × 0.2–1 (–1.5) dm, densely canescent-strigose. Leaves basal or nearly so; petiole (0.5–) 1–2.5 (–3) cm; blade

Stems erect, canescent. Leaves mostly basal; blades (± cuneate, 7–15 mm) entire or apices 3 (–5) -toothed or lobed, faces silvery-canescent. Heads usually

bases, tomentose. Leaves mostly cauline; blades (20–90 mm) 1-pinnately lobed to 3-fid (proximal) or entire (distal), faces tomentose-canescent and gland-dotted

apices acute, faces densely white-tomentose, often glanddotted. Heads borne singly. Peduncles 30–60 mm, canescent. Involucres campanulate, 15–20 mm. Phyllaries

osoensis 57 Leaf blade surfaces gray-canescent, feltlike, sometimes glabrescent > 58 57 Leaf blade surfaces not gray-canescent and feltlike, green or gray-green

serrate Helianthus annuus 5 Stems (leaves, phyllaries) densely silvery white tomentose or floccose; leaf margins usually entire, sometimes serrulate Helianthus

Shrubs; stolons absent. Stems erect, well branched, densely silvery-gray-tomentose, hairs conic to cylindric, dendritic, sometimes appressed-stellate, glabrescent

margins serrulate to subentire, abaxial faces densely lanate-tomentose, adaxial densely short-tomentose. Heads in thyrsiform to subcorymbiform heads. Involucres

Involucres globose, 2–3 × 1.5–2.5 mm. Phyllaries (8–15) ovate, canescent or tomentose. Florets: pistillate 0–2 (raylike, laminae to 1 mm); bisexual 1–3;

Treatment on page 449. Mentioned on page 446. Shrubs, 60–250 cm. Stems lanate-tomentose. Leaves subsessile or subpetiolate; blades oblanceolate, 4–12 × 1–4 cm

rounded or obtuse, apex obtuse to acute, floccose-tomentose with grayish white hairs abaxially, sparsely canescent adaxially. Spikes lax, flowers arranged in

attenuate, apex acute or rarely obtuse, scaberulous or canescent adaxially, sericeous-tomentose with bright whitish hairs abaxially. Spikes dense, stout

branches slender, indument white or grayish, sparse to dense, shaggy-tomentose, canescent, hairs mostly stellate, stalked, 10–30-armed. Leaf-blades ± round

Petals (13-)15-30 mm > 16 16 Plants tomentose, trichomes dendritic; sepals 10-15 mm. Matthiola 16 Plants not tomentose, trichomes simple and/or forked; sepals

triangular-ovate to oblong, proximal scales coarsely tuberculate and canescent-tomentose, distal ones usually elongate and narrowed, tips appressed, reddish

10–20-flowered; branches tomentose; bracteoles caducous, numerous, linear, ± membranous, margins glandular. Flowers 20–25 mm diam.; hypanthium canescent; sepals narrowly

floccose-tomentose (sometimes subglabrescent). Calyculi inconspicuous (bractlets tomentose). Phyllaries 13 or 21, green, 5–8+ mm, densely tomentose. Ray-florets

reticulum, floccose or tomentose with erect, golden hairs, soon glabrate, adaxially dark or light green, glossy, floccose or tomentose when immature, soon

horizontal to erect). Stems 1 or 2–3, clustered, densely lanate-tomentose or canescent, tufts of arachnoid tomentum in leaf-axils, or glabrescent. Basal

Inflorescences 3–5-flowered; branches tomentose; bracteoles linear, margins glandular. Flowers 15–20 mm diam.; hypanthium tomentose; sepals narrowly triangular,

wide, base round, margin thin, scales ovate or narrower, proximally canescent-tomentose, moderately or markedly tuberculate, tips closely appressed, reddish

2–4-flowered; branches canescent-tomentose; bracteoles linear, margins glandular. Flowers 12–15 mm diam.; hypanthium tomentose; sepals narrowly triangular

spreading, 2–5 (–8) × 2–20 (–30) dm, tomentose to canescent and grayish. Aerial flowering-stems thinly tomentose to canescent, rarely glabrous. Leaf-blade usually

erect, branched (proximal branches elongate, branched distally), ± tomentose-canescent. Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate (petiole bases clasping); blades

(margins scarious) apices acute to obtuse (ciliate), abaxial faces ± canescent-tomentose, adaxial often with yellowish or black, appressed hairs. Florets 30–100;

perennial. Stems ascending to erect, gray-green, 2–5 (–7.5) dm, canescent to tomentose. Leaf-blades gray-green, widely ovate or triangular to orbiculate

curled (1–2 mm). Stems (stout, branched at bases or proximal to middles), canescent-tomentulose, sparsely setose. Leaves: petioles setose; blades 4–12 × 1

Herbs perennial, (0.5–) 1–2 m. Stems erect, clumped, branched distally, canescent, hairs stellate. Leaves: stipules mostly persistent, narrowly linear, simple

subevergreen. Bark light-brown, papery. Twigs gray, 1-2 mm diam., short velvety-tomentose, glabrate with age. Buds dark redbrown, ca. 2 mm, sparsely pubescent. Leaves:

or lacerate, surfaces canescent, sometimes appearing gray-tomentose; cauline similar to basal except: petiole 0.9–4.4 cm, canescent; blade 1.5–4 × 0.3–0

19 Annuals, perennials, or shrubs (glabrous or canescent, hirtellous, scabrellous, strigose, or tomentose, often gland-dotted or glandular-puberulent to

havardii 60 Hypanthial exterior and sepal abaxial surfaces tomentose; emerging leaf blades tomentose; Texas. Prunus texana 60 Hypanthial exterior and sepal

attenuate to cuneate, apex obtuse to acute, canescent to subscabrous adaxially, sparsely sericeous-tomentose abaxially. Spikes dense, much-branched, apex

(–2) × (3–) 5–10 (–12) mm, thinly pubescent adaxially, more densely so to tomentose abaxially. Inflorescences greenish to reddish, mostly flat-topped and open

Twigs gray, 1-2 mm diam., sparsely or densely stellate-tomentulose or tomentose when young. Buds dark redbrown, ovoid to subglobose, 1-2 mm, stellate hairs

straight, slender, 0.5–6 cm, villous to hoary-tomentose. Involucres broadly campanulate, 2–3 × 2–3 mm, villous-canescent; teeth 5, lobelike, usually reflexed,

sometimes weakly thorny. Twigs with axillary end buds, tomentose. Leaves deciduous; petiole 1–4 mm, tomentose, eglandular; blade elliptic to oblongelliptic, 1

Treatment on page 88. Mentioned on page 87. Plants 50–400 cm, herbage canescent-tomentose throughout or ± glabrescent. Stems appressed-hairy; wings to 15 mm

not much elongated by end of season, canescent to tomentose. Leaves: basal: 1–6; petiole 4.6–9.5 cm, tomentose; blade purplish abaxially, gray adaxially

Volume 20. Treatment on page 632. Peduncles and phyllaries tomentose to pannose, canescent. Cypselae: hairs 9–14 mm. 2n = 60, 62. Phenology: Flowering

Herbage green, ± sticky-glandular Onopordum tauricum 1 Herbage ± canescent-tomentose > 2 2 Leaves dentate to shallowly pinnatifid; phyllaries linear, bases

abaxial surface white-tomentose at anthesis, particularly on veins, adaxial glabrescent. Inflorescences 2–4-flowered; branches tomentose; bracteoles oblong-linear

glabrescent adaxially, abaxial veins densely tomentose. Inflorescences 2–4-flowered; branches appressed-canescent; bracteoles linear, margins glandular. Flowers

Stems: plants seldom flowering at less than 1 m; twigs: new growth white-canescent, 1-year old purple-brown, older darker or grayer, slender; thorns on twigs

or caudices branched, erect to weakly creeping). Herbage floccose-tomentose to canescent, sometimes unevenly glabrescent. Stems 1– (2–5). Leaves progressively

surfaces densely tomentose young, variably glabrescent, often persistently lanate. Inflorescences 2–4-flowered; branches densely tomentose-canescent; bracteoles

branches tomentose; bracteoles oblong-linear, margins sessile-glandular, adaxially thin short-pubescent. Flowers 15–20 mm diam.; hypanthium tomentose; sepals

1 or 3–5, clustered (often scapiform), usually floccose, lanate-tomentose, or canescent, sometimes glabrate. Basal leaves (either of two forms): usually

dm, branches ± weeping. Stems: twigs: new growth densely pubescent to tomentose, 1-year old purple-brown to blackish, older dark gray; thorns on twigs

page 287. Herbs, biennial or perennial, or subshrubs, 1–3 m, stellate-tomentose. Stems erect, base usually woody. Leaves: stipules deciduous, ovate, 4–5

Stems: ultimate twigs relatively stout; twigs: new growth densely appressed-canescent, 2–3-years old dark gray or gray-brown; thorns on twigs absent or numerous

surfaces pubescent. Inflorescences 1–4-flowered; branches densely white-canescent; bracteoles deciduous, linear, margins sessile-glandular, adaxially short-pubescent

more deeply incised. Inflorescences 3–7-flowered; branches densely short-canescent; bracteoles deciduous, linear, margins short-stipitate-glandular, adaxially

7. Treatment on page 675. Mentioned on page 672, 673. Plants sometimes canescent basally; caudex branched. Stems: several from base, unbranched, (0.3–)

often cuspidate, ± shiny mature, abaxial surface scabrous, main veins tomentose, adaxial pubescent young. Inflorescences 2–4-flowered; branches densely