Linum sect. Linopsis

(Reichenbach) Engelmann

Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 25. 1852.

Basionym: Linopsis Reichenbach Handb. Nat. Pfl.-Syst., 306. 1837
Synonyms: Mesyniopsis W. A. Weber
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 378. Mentioned on page 371, 373, 394, 395.

Herbs or subshrubs, annual or perennial, rarely with woody caudex. Stems terete, ridged, or sulcate. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled; stipular glands present or absent; blade margins entire or glandular-toothed, sometimes ciliate. Flowers homostylous; sepals persistent or deciduous, margins scarious or not, glandular-toothed or not; petals yellow, sometimes with maroon at base; staminodia present or absent; styles distinct or connate nearly to apex; stigmas usually capitate, rarely linear. Capsules dehiscing into 10, 1-seeded segments or 5, 2-seeded segments; false septa incomplete to complete. Pollen tricolpate or multiporate.

Distribution

Nearly worldwide

Discussion

Species ca. 85 (30 in the flora).

Key

1 Styles distinct. > 2
2 Stigmas linear [subsect. Halolinum]. Linum trigynum
2 Stigmas capitate [subsect. Linopsis]. > 3
3 Stipular glands present [ser. Linopsis]. > 4
4 Proximal leaves in whorls of 4. Linum schiedeanum
4 Proximal leaves opposite or alternate. > 5
5 Styles 2–3 mm; petals 4–6.5 mm; Florida. Linum arenicola
5 Styles 3–6.5 mm; petals 7–11 mm; New Mexico, Texas. Linum rupestre
3 Stipular glands absent. > 6
6 False septa incomplete, proximal margins ciliate. > 7
7 Capsules turbinate, 2–3 mm; anthers 0.5–1 mm; c, e United States [ser. Virginianum (in part)]. Linum intercursum
7 Capsules triangular-ovoid to broadly ovoid or ovoid-pyriform, 2.3–4 mm; anthers 1–2.5 mm; w United States [ser. Neomexicana]. > 8
8 Annuals, 15–60 cm; inflorescences thyrses; styles 1.5–3 mm; capsule apices obtuse. Linum neomexicanum
8 Perennials, 5–30 cm; inflorescences panicles or thyrses; styles 4–7 mm; capsule apices pointed. Linum kingii
6 False septa nearly complete, proximal margins sparsely or not ciliate [ser. Virginianum (in part)]. > 9
9 Capsules 1.3–2.3 mm, depressed-globose (broader than long) or globose, apices depressed. > 10
10 Margins of inner sepals usually glandular-toothed, rarely entire; mature capsule segments usually persistent on plant. Linum medium
10 Margins of inner sepals eglandular or with a few small sessile glands; mature capsule segments falling freely. > 11
11 Inflorescences corymbs; pedicels 1–10 mm; carpels flattened or ± concave abaxially. Linum virginianum
11 Inflorescences panicles; pedicels 0–4 mm; carpels convex abaxially. Linum striatum
9 Capsules 2–3.9 mm, either pyriform to ovoid or subglobose, apices abruptly short-pointed, obtuse, or 5-apiculate. > 12
12 Leaves mostly opposite; capsules subglobose, apices abruptly short-pointed. Linum westii
12 Leaves: proximal usually opposite, distal alternate, rarely all alternate; capsules pyriform to ovoid, apices obtuse or minutely 5-apiculate. > 13
13 Margins of inner sepals entire; capsules 3.4–3.9 mm; seeds 2.8–3 mm. Linum macrocarpum
13 Margins of inner sepals glandular-toothed; capsules 2–3.4 mm; seeds 1.6–2.5 mm. Linum floridanum
1 Styles connate [subsect. Rigida]. > 14
14 Capsules dehiscing into 10, 1-seeded segments; sepals persistent [ser. Sulcata]. > 15
15 Sepals (3.1–)3.6–5(–7.3) mm, apices acuminate. Linum sulcatum
15 Sepals 2.3–3.7 mm, apices acute. Linum harperi
14 Capsules dehiscing into 5, 2-seeded segments; sepals deciduous or persistent [ser. Rigida]. > 16
16 Sepal margins not glandular-toothed. > 17
17 Distal leaves and bracts not ciliate; capsule false septa entirely hyaline, or with cartilaginous portion very narrow, uniform, distal. Linum hudsonioides
17 Distal leaves and bracts sparsely ciliate; capsule false septa with cartilaginous portion conspicuously broader near base. Linum imbricatum
16 Sepal margins (some or all) glandular-toothed. > 18
18 Outer sepals ovate or obovate, margins undulate or crenate, with sessile gland near summit of each crenation. Linum alatum
18 Outer sepals linear, linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, or narrowly ovate, margins glandular-toothed. > 19
19 False septa incomplete, proximal margins terminating in loose fringe; sepals persistent. > 20
20 Styles connate to within 0.8–3 mm of apex; pedicels (5–)20–30(–60) mm; stipular glands absent. Linum subteres
20 Styles connate to within 0.2 mm of apex; pedicels 2–12 mm; stipular glands usually present. Linum vernale
19 False septa complete, proximal margins not terminating in loose fringe; sepals usually deciduous. > 21
21 Plants gray-puberulent throughout or puberulent or glabrescent in proximal 1/3. > 22
22 Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, gray-puberulent throughout. Linum puberulum
22 Subshrubs, puberulent or glabrescent in proximal 1/3, otherwise glabrous. Linum allredii
21 Plants glabrous, glabrate, scabrous, or puberulent or hirsutulous at base. > 23
23 Sepals linear-lanceolate. > 24
24 Petals obovate; stamens 5–7 mm; styles 4.5–7 mm. Linum aristatum
24 Petals obcordate; stamens 4–5 mm; styles 3–4 mm. Linum lundellii
23 Sepals lanceolate to narrowly ovate. > 25
25 Stipular glands usually absent. > 26
26 Styles 2.5–4 mm, petals 6–11 mm. Linum compactum
26 Styles 3–11 mm, petals 10–18 mm. > 27
27 Petals coppery yellow or orange, red-lined or with short pale to deep brown-red zone at base; styles 5–11 mm; sepal apices sharply acute to acuminate; w, c North America. Linum rigidum
27 Petals orange-yellow throughout; styles 4–6 mm; sepal apices short-awned; s Florida. Linum carteri
25 Stipular glands usually present at least at some nodes. > 28
28 Styles 6–9.5 mm. > 29
29 Petals with prominent wine-colored band proximal to middle. Linum elongatum
29 Petals reddish below middle. Linum berlandieri
28 Styles 2–6 mm. > 30
30 Sepal apices aristate; petals yellow to yellow-orange throughout. Linum australe
30 Sepal apices acute to acuminate or short-awned; petals yellow to orange, sometimes with reddish base. > 31
31 Sepal apices short-awned; s Florida. Linum carteri
31 Sepal apices acute to acuminate; c United States. > 32
32 Stamens 4–5 mm. Linum lundellii
32 Stamens 6–8 mm. Linum rigidum

"wider" is not a number.

... more about "Linum sect. Linopsis"
Nancy R. Morin +
(Reichenbach) Engelmann +
Linopsis +
glandular-toothed +  and entire +
awl--shaped;spatulate;awl--shaped;spatulate;obovate;oblong;elliptic;oblanceolate;lanceolate;linear-oblanceolate;linear-lanceolate;linear +
divided +
Nearly worldwide +
incomplete +  and complete +
adnate +  and adherent +
spheric +
whorled +, opposite +  and alternate +
not +  and glandular-toothed +
not +  and scarious +
extrastaminal +
apical-axile +, axile +  and placentation +
not +  and articulated +
convolute +  and imbricate +
adnate +  and adherent +
maroon;yellow +
coherent +  and distinct +
multiporate +  and tricolpate +
Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. +
rogers1982e +
mucilaginous +
lenticular +
2-seeded +  and 1-seeded +
10 (?) +  and 5 (?) +
deciduous +  and persistent +
unequal +
ascending +, decumbent +  and spreading +
ridged +  and terete +
clavate +, linear +  and capitate +
connate +  and distinct +
Mesyniopsis +
Linum sect. Linopsis +
section +
adnate +  and adherent +
perennial +  and annual +
subshrub +  and herb +
hairy +  and glabrous +
18] +, [15 +  and 13 +