candelabralike; twigs stout (1–2cm thick), greenish, aging deep gray-brown to near black, rough. Buds conic-ovoid, pale-brown, to 2.5cm; scale margins white-fringed
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ground level, stalk 2-4 times length of trophophore; sporangial clusters 20-40 × 1-4 mm, with 10-35 pairs of sporangia, apiculum 1-1.5mm. 2n =ca. 1320. Phenology:
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ovoid-acuminate, pale redbrown, ca. 1cm, resinous. Leaves 5 per fascicle, upcurved, persisting 10–17 years, (2–) 3–4cm × 0.8–1mm, mostly connivent, deep blue-green
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apex short-acuminate; sheath to 2.4cm, base persistent. Pollen cones ellipsoid, 10–15mm, yellow. Seed-cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds soon thereafter
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purplish green. Seed-cones cylindric, 6–12 × 2–4cm, dark purple, sessile, apex rounded; scales ca. 1.5 × 1.7cm, densely pubescent; bracts included (specimens
10 KB (849 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
ringed at base by a nectary, distally 2-branched with stigmatic papillae borne on adaxial face of each branch in 2 separate or contiguous lines or in 1
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
follicetums cylindric to nearly ovoid, 2.5–6.5 × 1.5–4cm; leaf blade 17–56cm; stamens 170–350; pistils 20–50. Magnolia ashei 4 Leaf blade rhombic-obovate to obovate-spatulate
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all alike within a floret, sometimes 1 or 2 evidently longer than the others; ovaries 1-loculed, with (1) 2-3 (4) styles or style-branches, stigmatic region
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acute to acuminate; sheath 2–2.5 (–3) cm, base persistent. Pollen cones cylindric, 30–80mm, purplish. Seed-cones maturing in 2 years, quickly shedding seeds
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subulate; sheath 2–4cm, base persistent. Pollen cones ovoid to cylindric, to 25mm, light purple-brown, aging orangebrown. Seed-cones maturing in 2 years, gradually
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persisting 2 years, (20–) 25–45cm × 2mm, dull green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins coarsely serrulate, apex conic-subulate; sheath 3–4cm, base
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distinct; anthers basifixed; pistils 1, 2–3 (–4) -carpellate, fused, locule 1; style undivided or branches 2–3 (–4); stigma sometimes papillate. Fruits achenes
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glabrous, resinous, margins entire, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 1.2–2.5cm × 1.5–2mm, 2-ranked, particularly in lower parts of tree, to spiraled, flexible;
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crenate, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 2–3.7cm × 2mm, mostly 1-ranked, flexible, the proximal portion often appressed to twig for 2–3mm (best seen on abaxial surface
9 KB (788 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
ellipsoid, redbrown, 0.5–1cm, resinous. Leaves (1–) 2 (–3) per fascicle, upcurved, persisting 4–6 years, 2–4cm × (0.9–) 1–1.5mm, connivent, 2-sided (1-leaved fascicles
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purple, 4.2–6.5 × ca. 1.5 mm; petals white or lilac (with darker purple veins), 8–11 × 2.5–4 mm, claw undifferentiated from blade; filaments 1.5–2.5 mm;
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Mastrogiuseppe & J.Mastrogiuseppe Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Trees to 22m; trunk to 2.6m diam., erect or leaning; crown broadly conic to irregular.
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Columbia, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington (key 2, p. 228); Nevada and Utah (key 3, p. 231); Arizona and New Mexico (key 4, p. 237); Alberta, Colorado, Montana,
80 KB (1,352 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
rarely 5-veined, if with 7-13 veins, the veins often in 3 groups; lodicules 2, or absent, x = 7, 8, 9, 10, 12. Most members of the Cynodonteae in the Flora
34 KB (1,217 words) - 04:33, 30 July 2020
deciduous or variously persistent, linear, 2–3 (–4) -fid. Achenes biconvex, planoconvex, or trigonous, rarely 4-angled. x = 10. Worldwide Species ca. 2000
80 KB (3,349 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
or pyramidal) protuberances to coalescent as vertical ribs; ribs 2–30 [–40+], if ribs 2, stems winged, if ribs 3 or more, stems ± angled; short-shoots (areoles)
40 KB (1,967 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
yellow, sometimes white, ochroleucous, or cyanic, actinomorphic, not 2-lipped, lobes (4–) 5; anther bases obtuse or rounded, not tailed, apical appendages
79 KB (1,886 words) - 20:55, 29 July 2020
usually with 2-22 florets, sometimes with 1, sterile florets usually distal to the reproductively functional florets, sometimes with 1 or 2 staminate or
45 KB (1,179 words) - 03:07, 30 July 2020
Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes
97 KB (2,063 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
appendaged, margins entire or emarginate to 2-fid, rarely pinnatifid [fimbriate or filiform]; stamens (2 or 4) 6 [8–24], in 2 whorls, usually tetradynamous (lateral
107 KB (3,718 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
superior to inferior, (2–) 3 (–4) -locular, often with septal nectaries, ovules usually several or many per locule; styles 1 or 3 (–4); stigmas several and
29 KB (1,493 words) - 05:37, 30 July 2020
from 2/3 as long as to subequal to the lemmas, distinctly 2-keeled, margins and intercostal regions milky white to slightly greenish; lodicules 2, broadly
87 KB (2,178 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
rarely between ovary and perianth or ovary and pedicel; perianth of 6 tepals in 2 whorls, all petaloid or sepals sometimes greener and more foliaceous in texture;
41 KB (2,210 words) - 05:19, 30 July 2020
or broader, or rotate. Phyllaries persistent or falling, usually 8–40+ in 2–4+ series, usually distinct, usually lanceolate, linear, orbiculate, or ovate
21 KB (800 words) - 22:59, 29 July 2020
broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 1–8 (–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes
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usually dorsally compressed, varying to terete or laterally compressed, with 2 (3) florets, lower florets staminate, sterile, or reduced, upper florets usually
21 KB (1,188 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
1977[1978]. The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. 2 vols. London, New York, and San Francisco. Vol. 2, pp. 621–671. Turner, B. L. and M. C. Johnston. 1957
30 KB (1,803 words) - 22:30, 29 July 2020
singly. Calyculi 0 or of 1–15+ bractlets in 1 (–2+) series. Phyllaries persistent or falling, usually in 1–2 series, usually distinct, equal to subequal,
23 KB (1,021 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
Sida spinosa, Sida tragiifolia, Sida ulmifolia, Sida urens Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 683. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 306. 1754. Paul A. Fryxell†, Steven R. Hill Common
13 KB (672 words) - 11:32, 30 July 2020
or absent, blade apex entire, notched, or 2 (-4) -fid, sometimes dentate or laciniate; stamens 1-10, in 1 or 2 whorls, arising from base of ovary, nectariferous
29 KB (1,113 words) - 10:14, 30 July 2020
with internal protrusion dividing carpel into 2 cells, dehiscence loculicidal, rarely indehiscent. Seeds 2–30, often reniform, glabrous or hairy. Nearly
20 KB (532 words) - 11:23, 30 July 2020
rotate, cupulate, campanulate, salverform, or funnelform; stamens (2–) 3–5, with 4 mostly connate in pairs, appearing as only (1–) 3 stamens; anthers connate
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unbranched or branched. Leaves in a basal rosette and cauline, cauline 1–2 (–) 4 cm; blade margins subentire or remotely dentate. Inflorescences solitary
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usually persistent (readily falling), usually in 2–8+ series, distinct, and unequal, sometimes in 1–2 series, distinct, and subequal to equal, usually
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directed forward; stamens 4, didynamous, filaments glabrous or spreading-hairy (C. exserta), pollen-sacs 2, unequal; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation
79 KB (2,746 words) - 18:50, 29 July 2020
often glandular; blade ± ovate to narrowly elliptic or obovate, (1.2–) 2–8 (–12) cm, wider leaves shallowly to deeply incised (rarely pinnately compound)
26 KB (2,400 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
Mentioned on page 3, 9, 12, 18, 458, 459, 461, 462, 466. Annuals or perennials, 2–200 cm (colonial or cespitose, usually ± strongly heterophyllous, usually eglandular
62 KB (1,546 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
subshrubs 100–200 cm that are initially arachnose to tomentose, soon glabrescent, and have oblanceolate to linear or filiform leaves (2–7 cm), notably small
30 KB (1,295 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
absent or round and smooth, tomentose to floccose or glabrous; bracts usually 2–10 sometimes more, scalelike, semileaflike, or leaflike. Peduncles absent (or
24 KB (947 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
Vaccinioideae); hypanthium absent; sepals absent or (2–) 4–5 (–7), distinct or connate basally; petals (2–) 4–5 (–8), rarely absent or highly reduced, connate
33 KB (1,383 words) - 13:10, 30 July 2020
medially), usually (12–30+) in 3–10+ series, distinct, and unequal, sometimes in 1–2 series, distinct and subequal to equal, medially herbaceous to membranous or
25 KB (1,822 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
absent, auricles 2, coronal appendages 2, variously shaped or dissected; limb usually exserted and conspicuous, oblanceolate to obovate, apex 2-lobed, sometimes
36 KB (1,364 words) - 10:24, 30 July 2020
or curled, sometimes borne between 2 minute teeth; paleas shorter than or equal to the lemmas, 2-veined; anthers (1-2) 3, purple, orange, yellow, or olivaceous
42 KB (1,621 words) - 04:38, 30 July 2020
June to fall, usually partially or totally cleistogamous. Spikelets 0.8-5.2 mm, not subtended by bristles, dorsally compressed, surfaces unequally convex
26 KB (1,343 words) - 04:00, 30 July 2020
to Jepson (Fl. Calif. 436, 1914).” Atriplex sibirica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 2: 1493. 1763 This was supposedly collected in northeastern United States,
45 KB (1,022 words) - 09:34, 30 July 2020
deltate to linear; anther thecae pale; stigmatic papillae in 2 lines. Cypselae mostly obpyramidal and 4–5-angled, sometimes clavate, columnar, cylindric, or fusiform
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longitudinally bowed-out by the caryopses, 2-keeled, keels usually ciliate, intercostal region membranous or hyaline; anthers 2-3; ovaries glabrous; styles free
33 KB (1,388 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
falling, of 2 (–3) usually lanceolate, aristate, or erose scales (at the 2 principal angles, 1–5 mm) plus 0–8 usually shorter scales (0.2–2 mm). x = 17
32 KB (1,118 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
orange-red, usually obcordate or broadly obovate, emarginate; stamens 8, in 2 unequal series with episepalous longer or rarely subequal, erect, anthers versatile
32 KB (1,609 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
Die nordamerikanischen Arten der Gattung Cirsium. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35(2): 223–567. Cirsium altissimum, Cirsium andersonii, Cirsium andrewsii, Cirsium
60 KB (2,205 words) - 13:43, 10 February 2021
elongate in usually 2–4 rows, costa in medial transverse-section usually with a differentiated epidermis adaxially or on both sides, 1 or 2 stereid bands, the
28 KB (882 words) - 07:00, 30 July 2020
entire, crenate, or toothed. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 2-50-flowered cymes to 25 cm or solitary flowers; bracts present or absent, small or large
15 KB (560 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
closed for at least 3/4 their length; those such as F. saximontana, in which they are closed from 1/3 to slightly more than 1/2 their length; and those
52 KB (3,291 words) - 03:08, 30 July 2020
triplets usually with 1 sessile and 2 pedicellate spikelets, terminal spikelet units on the branches often with 2 pedicellate spikelets even if the others
31 KB (2,561 words) - 04:21, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 450. Plants annual or perennial; their habit variable. Culms 2-300 cm, herbaceous, sometimes hard and almost woody, or woody, simple or branched
26 KB (1,480 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
conspicuous, adnate to upward extension of stem surrounding ovary, 0.2–15 [–30] cm; triangular leaflike bracts or small scales sometimes present on ovary
12 KB (831 words) - 09:19, 30 July 2020
bulbiferous, with flowers borne singly, in pairs, or in umbellike clusters of 2–40+ on peduncles or the lateral branches borne by the peduncle. Flowers protandrous
24 KB (1,110 words) - 06:12, 30 July 2020
styles 2–3 (–4), distinct or connate (Saxifragopsis); stigmas 2–3 (–4), capitate. Fruits capsular, sometimes folliclelike (Cascadia, Micranthes), 2–3 (–4)
27 KB (1,591 words) - 13:14, 30 July 2020
cylindric, 5–12 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, usually 8, 13, or 21 (–30+) in 1–2 series, erect (reflexed in fruit), distinct, (light to dark green, yellowish
40 KB (1,171 words) - 21:16, 29 July 2020
usually 1–2 times diams.), glabrous or hairy (faces and/or angles); pappi 0, or (often readily falling or fragile, sometimes persistent) usually of (1–) 2 (–8+)
10 KB (633 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
glabrous or pubescent, rarely hirsute or hispid, trichomes simple or branched, 2–14-rayed, sometimes dendritic, not stellate. Stems erect, ascending, or decumbent
73 KB (2,294 words) - 12:15, 30 July 2020
epicalyx bractlets (4 or) 5 (–10); hypanthium patelliform to cupulate, rarely turbinate, 0.5–2.5 (–5) × (1.5–) 2–7 (–10) mm; sepals (4 or) 5 (–10), spreading
31 KB (1,939 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
Perennials or subshrubs (dioecious, gynoecious, or polygamodioecious), (0.2–) 4–25 (–70) cm (sometimes cespitose, sometimes stoloniferous, sometimes rhizomatous)
38 KB (2,648 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
(usually hairy at base); anthers (dark red), with 2 (recurved), dorsal awns, dehiscent by terminal pores; ovary 2–10-locular; stigma capitate. Drupes red, reddish-brown
41 KB (2,034 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
vols. Leningrad. Vol. 4, pp. 29–53. Rumex subg. Acetosa, Rumex subg. Acetosella, Rumex subg. Platypodium, Rumex subg. Rumex "/2" is not declared as a valid
41 KB (1,085 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
1–12+ aristate, erose, laciniate, or truncate scales or awns in 1–2 series (often 2 sorts of scales in combination on 1 cypsela). w North America, Mexico
11 KB (627 words) - 23:52, 29 July 2020
racemose, with 2–20+ spikes, 1–1.5 times as long as wide in fruit; proximal bracts scalelike or bristlelike, rarely leaflike, not more than 5 cm, not more than
57 KB (937 words) - 01:54, 30 July 2020
spikes, usually exserted, with 1-3 (5) spikelets per node, internodes (1.5) 2-26 mm; rachises with scabridulous, scabrous, or ciliate edges. Spikelets usually
45 KB (3,070 words) - 03:00, 30 July 2020
dry and hardened, sometimes indehiscent (in I. giganticaerulea). Seeds 4–20, in 1–2 rows per locule, often flattened in contact with others, rounded on outer
20 KB (1,129 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
radially symmetric, sometimes slightly irregular (in Montia); sepals 2–9; petals (1–) 2–19 or sometimes absent, distinct or connate basally; stamens 1–many
13 KB (722 words) - 09:43, 30 July 2020
stamens 6, alternating in 2 whorls of 3, erect, incurved, or divergent; filaments mostly short, basally expanded; anthers 2-locular, ± equaling or longer
30 KB (822 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
(glabrous); anthers ovate or oblong, (not apiculate); nectar glands (1, 2, or 4), distinct or confluent, subtending bases of stamens, median glands present
85 KB (2,094 words) - 12:08, 30 July 2020
1 (3) -veined, unawned; paleas glabrous, 2-veined, often splitting between the veins at maturity; anthers (2) 3. Fruits utricles or achenes, ellipsoid
22 KB (1,094 words) - 04:32, 30 July 2020
distally. Seeds tan, brown, gray, or black, angled to slightly rounded, 0.4–2 (–3.5) mm. North America Species 62 (62 in the flora). Elaborate subsectional
36 KB (1,140 words) - 19:13, 29 July 2020
species, membranous. Flowers erect (pendent in A. triquetrum); tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, ± distinct, petallike, usually becoming becoming dry and persisting;
43 KB (1,553 words) - 05:48, 30 July 2020
spurred, 8-24 mm; lateral sepals 2, ± ovate to elliptic, 8-18 mm; lower sepals 2, similar to lateral sepals; upper petals 2, spurred, enclosed in upper sepal
9 KB (574 words) - 08:34, 30 July 2020
papillate); pappi 0, or persistent, of (1–) 2–4 (–8), usually ± barbellate awns or scales, rarely coroniform or of 1–2, smooth to ciliate or barbed awns or scales
12 KB (744 words) - 23:22, 29 July 2020
epaleate. Ray-florets (0–) 2–15 (–24), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, rarely white (usually glabrous). Disc-florets 2–35 (–60), bisexual, fertile;
18 KB (1,000 words) - 21:32, 29 July 2020
sometimes 1–2 (–4) scales aristate, or of 1–2 (–6) or 8–35 bristles. sw United States, Mexico, South America (1 species) Genera 5, species 67 (2 genera, 36
7 KB (521 words) - 23:47, 29 July 2020
corneous, apex mostly sharp-pointed. Scape, when present, usually less than 2.5 cm diam. Inflorescences erect or rarely pendent, paniculate or racemose, sometimes
17 KB (687 words) - 06:11, 30 July 2020
Lagophylla, Layia, Madia, Osmadenia, Raillardella Bentham & Hooker f. Gen. Pl. 2: 198. 1873. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment
15 KB (799 words) - 23:36, 29 July 2020
(less than 1 cm), medium (1–3 cm), long (more than 3 cm); leaves: small (less than 1.5 mm), medium (1.5–3 mm), large (3–4 mm), robust (more than 4 mm). None
20 KB (757 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, rarely subshrubs, not viviparous, 0.2–10 dm, glabrous or hairy. Stems erect, ascending, procumbent, or creeping,
21 KB (778 words) - 13:02, 30 July 2020
nectaries as scales at base of carpels; stamens as many as sepals or 2 times as many and in 2 series, antipetalous if in 1 series, free or adnate to corolla
18 KB (1,028 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
curved, shorter than to 2 times longer than achene, retrorsely (to antrorsely) spinulose or sometimes smooth stamens 1–3; styles linear, 2–3-fid, base (tubercle)
13 KB (1,127 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
leaves, 1–64 (–90) [–100] -flowered, racemes, corymbs, umbellate fascicles, 2-flowered fascicles, or solitary; bracts sometimes present; bracteoles present
43 KB (1,828 words) - 14:17, 30 July 2020
1 to many spikelets. Spikelets 2-12 mm, subterete to strongly laterally compressed, sometimes bulbiferous; florets (1) 2-8 (13); rachilla internodes smooth
9 KB (1,015 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
absent. Pistillate flowers: sepals [3–] (4–) 5 (–9) [–10] or 0, imbricate or valvate, distinct (connate for 1/2+ length in C. argyranthemus); petals 5 (sometimes
24 KB (874 words) - 18:18, 29 July 2020
inflorescence, radially symmetric; perianth 1–2-seriate; sepals [2–] 3 [–4], distinct or connate; petals [2–] 3 [–4], distinct or variously connate; androecium:
20 KB (1,128 words) - 00:55, 30 July 2020
3.1–12 × 0.6–2.6 cm, apex usually acute; petals 3, ridged abaxially, with 2 adaxial longitudinal median rounded ridges, 3–11.2 × 0.6–3.4 cm, apex usually
37 KB (2,628 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
in capitate glomerules). Involucre ± actinomorphic, not spurred; glands (2–) 4, slightly concave, flat, or slightly convex; appendages petaloid or absent
36 KB (819 words) - 18:21, 29 July 2020
margins entire; stamens as many as sepals in 1 series, or 2 times as many as sepals in 2 subequal or unequal series; anthers versatile, on smallest flowers
30 KB (1,654 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
usually glabrous (rarely tomentose) adaxially; tepals connate proximally 1/5–1/2 their length, monomorphic or dimorphic; stamens included or exserted; filaments
30 KB (1,075 words) - 10:46, 30 July 2020
(1 spikelet of the pair reduced in some species), in 2 rows along 1 side of the branches, with 2 florets, first rachilla segment not swollen, upper glumes
22 KB (1,167 words) - 04:18, 30 July 2020
circular, elliptic, ovate, lanceolate, or obovate to oblanceolate, 2–60 (–120) × 1.2–40 cm, nearly smooth to tuberculate, glabrous or pubescent; areoles usually
34 KB (1,067 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020