Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Trees to 80m; trunk to 5m diam.; crown narrowly conic. Bark grayish brown to orangebrown. Branches
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in the evolution of floral morphology (R. M. Straw 1955, 1956, 1956b; J. Walker-Larsen and L. D. Harder 2001; M. C. Castellanos et al. 2004, 2006), pollination
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D. Don) Lindley 1833, Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Trees to 80m; trunk to 2.2m diam.; crown spirelike. Bark grayish brown, in age becoming thick
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Britton et al. in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 63. 1914. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Synonyms: Undefined (tribe Undefined)
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T. M. 1978. Senecio. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part 10, pp. 50–139. Barkley, T. M., B
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wootonii Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 866. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 373. 1754. Theodore M. Barkley† Common names: Groundsel ragwort butterweed Etymology: reputedly from
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Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England. 389 pp. Columbus, J.T., M.S. Kinney, R. Pant and M.E. Siqueiros Delgado. 1998. Cladistic parsimonv analysis of internal
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petaloid appendages, enclosing solitary pistillate flower surrounded by (0–) 1–80 staminate flowers, entire structure termed the cyathium), in monochasia, dichasia
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Oxytenia, Parthenice, Parthenium, Xanthium Lessing Linnaea 5: 151. 1830. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Synonyms: Undefined (tribe Undefined)
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730–735. Barkley, T. M. 1962. A revision of Senecio aureus L. and allied species. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 65: 318–408. Barkley, T. M. 1968. Taxonomy of
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not spread to the surrounding area (P. M. Brown 2002). Bletia patula Hooker is an apparent garden escape (P. M. Brown 2000). A single vegetative specimen
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bracteate; bracts distinct or connate, sometimes forming an involucre containing 1–80 flowers, when containing only 1 flower, calyxlike, sometimes brightly colored
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abruptly or gradually tapered or acuminate, occasionally piliferous; costa to 40–80% leaf length, moderate to somewhat stout, terminal spine present or absent;
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centuries were S. F. Blake, N. L. Britton, R. S. Ferris, M. L. Fernald, E. L. Greene, H. M. Hall, M. E. Jones, D. D. Keck, P. A. Rydberg, J. K. Small, and
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reddish pappi in some species Synonyms: Haplopappus sect. Pyrrocoma (Hooker) H. M. Hall Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 413. Mentioned
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substrate or not. Roots diffuse or taproots (adventitious from offsets in M. thornberi and M. prolifera). Stems unsegmented, green to gray-green, sometimes purplish
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Flaveria, Haploësthes, Sartwellia Lessing Syn. Gen. Compos., 235. 1832. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Shrubs 1.5–4 m, stems erect; inflorescences usually paniclelike, sometimes racemelike, (3–)5–15 cm. Ceanothus leucodermis 4 Shrubs 0.5–1.5 m, stems erect
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Xylorhiza Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 195. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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P.M. and C.R. Annable. 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae-Eragrostideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:1-109 Peterson, P.M. 2000
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(or grooves) usually 10, faces glabrous; pappi persistent (fragile), of 20–80+, distinct, white, sordid, stramineous, or rufous, ± equal or unequal, barbellulate
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turbinate (campanulo-hemispheric upon drying), (3–14 ×) 3.8–23 mm. Phyllaries 26–80 in 3–5 series, 1-nerved (usually raised; keeled proximally), lanceolate to
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(Poaceae): Evidence from rbcL sequence data. Syst. Bot. 20:423-435 Barkworth, M.E. and K.M. Capels. 2000. The Poaceae in North America: A geographic perspective
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example, M. aquaticum and M. spicatum). This issue is further complicated by hybridization of M. spicatum with native M. sibiricum (see 8. M. spicatum
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Marshalliinae Show Lower Taxa Marshallia H. Robinson Phytologia 41: 42. 1978. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 75. Mentioned on page 13, 57, 76, 78, 80. Subshrubs or shrubs. Stems erect to spreading, sometimes climbing, glabrous
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the PLANTS database on the basis of a putative record in R. D. Thomas and C. M. Allen (1993–1998); there appears to be no such record therein. The only specimen
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all or mostly staminate or pistillate). Pistillate heads: phyllaries 12–30 (–80+) in 1–8+ series, outer (1–) 5–8 distinct or ± connate, herbaceous, the rest
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Trichocoronis Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 202. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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pycnocephala Besser Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 1: 223. 1829. Leila M. Shultz Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 505. Mentioned
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75: 88. 1993. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Loran C. Anderson, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Endemic Basionym: Linosyris parryi A. Gray Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
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purple to black, globose to ovoid, ovoid-oblong, ellipsoid, or obovoid, 5–30 (–80) mm; hypanthium deciduous, rarely persistent in fruit; sepals falling with
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the floret. Arriaga, M.O. and M.E. Barkworth. 2006. Amelichloa: A new genus in the Stipeae (Poaceae). Sida 22:145-149 Barkworth, M.E. 1981. Foliar epidermes
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caudices in M. saxatilis). Stems 1–15 (usually from basal rosettes), usually erect, sometimes ± prostrate, usually branched (scapiform in M. californica)
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Poston, M. E. and J. W. Nowicke. 1993. Pollen morphology, trichome types, and relationships of the Gronovioideae (Loasaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 80: 689–704
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Association Trees to 8 m. Leaves: petiole 10–25 (–45) mm, finely hairy; blade elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 80–250 (–330) × 30–80 (–150) mm, margins
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carpels 10–80, glabrous, styles subbasal, fusiform, medially rough-thickened; ovule 1. Fruits aggregated achenes, individually deciduous, 10–80 or less,
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pubescent; replum strongly flattened; septum complete, (membranous); ovules 4–80 per ovary; style usually distinct, rarely obsolete; stigma capitate. Seeds
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17 14 Scape 2.5–3 m; leaves 50–90 cm; panicles compact; flowers 4–6 cm; s Florida. Agave desmettiana 14 Scape 5–10(–13) m; leaves 80–160 cm; panicles open;
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Illustrator: Copyright: Stems 1–80+, erect or ascending to procumbent. Inflorescences proliferating, mostly terminal, leafy, 1–80+-flowered cymes. Pedicels erect
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Zaluzaniinae Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 189. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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W. Chen, X. Chen, S.M. Phillips, C. Stapleton, R.J. Soreng, S.G. Aiken, N.N. Tzvelev [Tsvelev], P.M. Peterson, S.A. Renvoize, M.V. Olonova, and K.H. Ammann
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stelleriana, Artemisia suksdorfii, Artemisia tilesii, Artemisia vulgaris Leila M. Shultz Synonyms: Artemisia sect. Abrotanum Besser Treatment appears in FNA
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var. inflatum (Suksdorf) Cholewa & Douglass M. Henderson Madroño 38: 232. 1991. Anita F. Cholewa, Douglass M. Henderson† IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Olsynium
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(sometimes in M. glomerata), or 1–22, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellowish (with maroon bases sometimes in M. elegans; purplish red sometimes in M. sativa)
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serrulate, or subentire; apex gradually tapered or acuminate; costa to (20–) 40–80% leaf length, thin or thick distally, terminal spine present or sometimes
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Taxon 44:33-41 Jacobs, S.W.L., R. Bayer, J. Everett, M.O. Arriaga, M.E. Barkworth, A. Sabin-Badereau, M.A. Torres, F. Vazquez, and N. Bagnall. 2006. Systematics
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acaulescent or rarely caulescent, to 3 m diam.; rosettes usually small. Stems procumbent, 0.1–0.4 m, or erect, 1–2 m. Leaf-blade rigidly spreading, including
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Achlyopitheca (G. L. Nesom 2012g), sect. Erythranthe (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003), sect. Mimulosma (M. L. Carlson 2002; J. B. Whittall et al. 2006; Nesom 2012h)
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pubescent, sometimes paleate (paleae apically pubescent). Florets 3–25 (–80), bisexual, fertile; corollas pink to lavender or white [yellow], zygomorphic
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due to evolutionary convergence, not shared ancestry. Molecular analyses by M. Koch et al. (2001) and T. Mitchell-Olds et al. (2005) revealed that Arabis
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Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs 1–3 m. Stems erect or arching, forming clumps by underground runners, glabrous or
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Volume 17. Treatment on page 62. Mentioned on page 12, 57, 63, 66, 73, 74, 80, 256. Herbs, annuals. Stems erect to ascending or decumbent, glabrous or hairy
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hooked; indusia ± thick, margin ± entire. 2n = 80. Habitat: Damp woods, often on slopes Elevation: 30–1500 m Generated Map Legacy Map N.B., N.S., Ont., P
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Aegilops ventricosa L. Sandra M. Saufferer Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 261. Plants annual. Culms 14-80 cm, usually glabrous, erect
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appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 37, 38, 79, 80, 664, 665, 667. Plants small, in tufts or loose cushions. Stems erect to ascending
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suckering, trunks less than 2 m; rosettes not cespitose, 10–20 × 20–37 dm. Leaves erect, spreading to ascending, occasionally reflexed, 80–200 × 15–25 cm; blade
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30–50 mm; anthers 9–10 mm; gynophore 45–80 mm in fruit; ovary 6–10 mm, glabrous; style 0.1 mm. Capsules (25–) 40–80 × 2.5–4 mm, glabrous (in straight alignment
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chamaemorus, R. ursinus, and subg. Micranthobatus [in the sense of Kalkman]), 5–80 mm diam.; hypanthium 3–10 mm diam., glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent
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5–12 mm; pedicel to 80 mm. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowers summer–fall. Habitat: Shallow waters of lakes and streams Elevation: 0–500 m Generated Map Legacy
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species, mainly the tea tree, M. alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, cajuput, M. cajuputi Powell, tea tree or snow-in-summer, M. linariifolia, and punk tree
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on page 79, 80, 86, 87, 89, 92, 94. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs, deciduous, 1.5–3 m. Stems ascending
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Treatment on page 388. Mentioned on page 364, 365, 392. Annuals or perennials, 10–80 (–150+) cm. Stems erect, branched (mostly distally). Leaves cauline; opposite
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Volume 9. Treatment on page 655. Mentioned on page 649, 658. Shrubs, 0.5–1 m, rhizomatous. Stems 1–50, usually forming colonies. Leaves mostly or fully
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51, 57, 60, 61, 86, 104, 107, 120, 125, 126, 133. Shrubs or trees, 0.05–20 m, not clonal or, sometimes, clonal by layering or stem fragmentation. Stems
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IntroducedIllustrated Basionym: Pontederia vaginalis Burman f. Fl. Indica, 80. 1768 Synonyms: Monochoria plantaginea (Roxburgh) Kunth Monochoria vaginalis
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Andromeda polifolia var. polifolia Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 393. 1753,. Dorothy M. Fabijan Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 504
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pine-oak, or oak woods, often in disturbed sites Elevation: 2000–2500 m (to 3400 m in Mexico) Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., N.Mex., Mexico (Chihuahua)
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Involucres turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, (4–10 ×) 6–25 mm. Phyllaries 26–80+ in 2–8 series, appressed, spreading, or reflexed, 1-nerved (flat to rounded)
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Tryon, R. M. 1962. Taxonomic fern notes. II. Pityrogramma (including Trismeria) and Anogramma. Contr. Gray Herb. 189: 52--76. Yatskievych, G., M. D. Windham
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pectinacea var. pectinacea, Eragrostis pectinacea var. tracyi (Michx.) Nees Paul M. Peterson Common names: Tufted lovegrass Eragrostide pecttnee Treatment appears
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staurophylla, Perityle tenella, Perityle villosa, Perityle warnockii (A. Gray) A. M. Powell Sida 3: 277. 1968. Sharon C. Yarborough, A. Michael Powell Basionym:
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Ronald L. Hartman Basionym: Undefined sect. Sideranthus Nuttall ex Nees in M. P. zu Wied, Reise Nord-America 2: 440. 1841 Synonyms: Machaeranthera sect
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ludoviciana subsp. redolens Nuttall Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 143. 1818. Leila M. Shultz Common names: Silver wormwood white or silver sage Illustrated Synonyms:
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subfam. Tilioideae Show Lower Taxa Tilia Arnott Botany, 100. 1832. Margaret M. Hanes Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 193. Mentioned
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants glabrous. Leaves 50–80 × 1.5–2 (–3) cm; blade lustrous, margins finely serrate, apex obtuse, basal
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120° from it; in most other pleurocarps the first branch leaf is lateral. M. S. Ignatov and S. Huttunen (2002) divided the family into four subfamilies
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subcoriaceous, margins entire. Inflorescences terminal racemes, panicles, or cymes, 2–80-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary; perulae absent. Flowers bisexual, radially
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by C. T. Mohr (1901). Bierner, M. W. 1974. A systematic study of Dugaldia (Compositae). Brittonia 26: 385–392. Bierner, M. W. 1994. Submersion of Dugaldia
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distinct ribs, staying within fruit wall after ripening. 2n = 40, 42, 44, 60, 63, 80. Phenology: Flowering (rare) late spring–summer. Habitat: Mesotrophic, quiet
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in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 91. Mentioned on page 80, 92. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.5–3 m. Stems erect, not rooting at nodes; branchlets brown, not
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mm. 2n = 80. Phenology: Flowering late spring–summer. Habitat: Oligotrophic or mesotrophic ponds, lakes, and sluggish streams Elevation: 0-2000 m Generated
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absent in vegetative tissue. 2n = 30 (H, U), 40 (U), 42 (D), 500 (U), 70 (70), 80 (U). Phenology: Flowering (very rare) summer–early fall. Habitat: Mesotrophic
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laterally winged to apex. Seeds with 12–20 distinct ribs. 2n = 30, 38, 40, 50, 80. Phenology: Flowering (very rare) early summer–early fall. Habitat: Eutrophic
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vegetative tissue (visible in dead fronds as brown dots). 2n = 20, 40, 42, 50, 60, 80. Phenology: Flowering (rare) late spring–early fall. Habitat: Mesotrophic
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Pentagramma triangularis subsp. viscosa (Kaulfuss) Yatskievych Amer. Fern J. 80: 15. 1990. George Yatskievych, Michael D. Windham Illustrated Basionym: Gymnogramma
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groundcover. Leaves: petiole 5–25 cm; blade 30–100 mm, base cordate. Scapes 20–40 (–80) cm. Calyces 1.5–2.5 mm. Capsules 2.5–3 mm. 2n = 6, 12. Phenology: Flowering
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1788. John L. Strother Common names: Blanket flower firewheel Etymology: For M. Gaillard de Merentonneau (or Charentonneau?), eighteenth-century French patron
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sprengelii, Carex sylvatica, Carex venusta (Drejer) L. H. Bailey in J. M. Coulter in J. M. Coulter, Man. Bot. Rocky Mt., 379. 1885. Marcia J. Waterway Basionym:
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Volume 12. Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page 79, 80, 81, 90, 91, 94. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.3–3.5 m. Stems erect, ascending, arcuate, or prostrate, not
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Urbatsch Sida 21: 1618. 2005. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Common names: Rock goldenrod Etymology: Latin cuniculus, rabbit, and
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Herbs, 8-80 cm, densely pubescent to nearly glabrous, producing stolons. Basal leaves
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Acanthospermum, Melampodium, Smallanthus Lessing Linnaea 5: 149. 1830. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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acute, short–acuminate, apiculate, or rarely long-acuminate; costa to 60–80% leaf length, moderate to somewhat stout, terminal abaxial spine usually present
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hybrids (as has been hypothesized by, for example, M. A. Streisfeld and J. R. Kohn 2005; D. M. Thompson 2005; M. C. Tulig and G. L. Nesom 2012), which have been
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Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs or trees, to 15 m, often rhizomatous. Bark gray to brown, smooth to slightly fissured. Twigs
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speciesAndromeda polifolia varietyAndromeda polifolia var. polifolia Dorothy M. Fabijan Common names: Northern bog or wild rosemary moorwort andromède à feuilles
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10+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 11, pp. 51–216. Wurdack, K., P. Hoffmann, and M. W. Chase. 2005. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of uniovulate Euphorbiaceae
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double; indusia vaulted, ± thick. 2n = 80. Habitat: Moist woods and slopes in neutral soil Elevation: 150–1000 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ont., Que., Ala
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78, 80. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants perennial, glabrous. Stems prostrate, forming mats to 2 m diam
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