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- starch-grains simple or compound; haustorial synergids absent; embryos usually large relative to the endosperm, not waisted; epiblasts usually present; scutellar17 KB (1,499 words) - 04:33, 30 July 2020
- 265, 266, 286, 294, 306, 615. Plants acrocarpous or cladocarpous, small to large, usually olivaceous to blackish green, growing in rigid cushions, tufts,13 KB (824 words) - 06:47, 30 July 2020
- male plants, budlike, large; perichaetia terminal, further branching occurring by innovations, perichaetial leaves sometimes larger than stem-leaves. Seta14 KB (382 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
- usually punctate; endosperm hard, without lipid; starch-grains simple; embryos large in relation to the caryopses, usually waisted; epiblasts usually absent;17 KB (1,292 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
- (rhipidia), spikes, or solitary flowers; rhipidia enclosed in 2, opposed, usually large, leafy to dry bracts (spathes); flowers except for the first subtended by15 KB (556 words) - 06:04, 30 July 2020
- 12, 39, 331, 360, 426, 427, 433, 440, 443, 444, 548, 564. Plants small to large, often in dense tufts. Stems erect, simple or dichotomously to irregularly14 KB (515 words) - 06:54, 30 July 2020
- page 282, 338, 484, 516, 522, 524, 554, 574, 578, 581, 611. Plants small to large, lax to dense, in tufts or mats, dark green, yellow-green, golden green,15 KB (450 words) - 07:51, 30 July 2020
- from hot deserts and high-rainfall, low-altitude tropics. The family is large and diverse, characterized by radially symmetric flowers with a fundamentally23 KB (1,553 words) - 13:58, 30 July 2020
- inconspicuous; calyx usually 5 connate sepals, varying from small and not showy to large, notably petaloid, and colorful, corollalike; corolla absent; stamens commonly20 KB (1,275 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
- Mentioned on page 264, 338, 405, 433, 458, 468, 513, 617. Plants small to large, in loose to dense tufts or mats, light or deep green, yellowish, brownish28 KB (900 words) - 07:47, 30 July 2020
- 2-50-flowered cymes to 25 cm or solitary flowers; bracts present or absent, small or large and leaflike, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual, radially symmetric;15 KB (560 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
- 122. Plants perennial [annual], on rock or terrestrial, of small (rarely large) stature. Stems compact to creeping, branched or unbranched, dictyostelic15 KB (634 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
- wood strongly tanniferous. Young twigs and buds often covered with small to large, resinous glands; pith triangular in cross-section. Leaves 3-ranked, occasionally5 KB (331 words) - 08:39, 30 July 2020
- distal slits. Spores of 2 types (plants heterosporous), megaspores (1–2–) 4, large, microspores numerous (hundreds), minute. Worldwide, primarily in tropical7 KB (456 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
- Mentioned on page 24, 39, 116, 122, 126, 156, 160. Plants small, medium to large, densely to loosely caespitose or scattered among other bryophytes, rarely18 KB (1,106 words) - 06:45, 30 July 2020
- or utricles. Seeds 1-50, sometimes arillate; endosperm abundant; embryo large or small; mature seeds elevated on elongating stalk in Caulophyllum. Widespread10 KB (398 words) - 08:43, 30 July 2020
- 10, 11, 113, 114, 118, 147, 164, 186, 191. Plants acrocarpous, small to large, as scattered individuals or open to dense turfs or cushions, green, silver20 KB (757 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
- photoperiod; seed-coat smooth, striate, or verrucate when pericarp removed; embryo large, curved to annular or spirally coiled; radicle position median or basal,21 KB (878 words) - 09:28, 30 July 2020
- relatively uncrowded clusters with large, nearly foliaceous bracts; bracts deciduous with fruits. Fruits tiny to moderately large nuts, not winged; pericarp thick4 KB (313 words) - 08:29, 30 July 2020
- walls incrassate, generally papillose on both exposed surfaces with several large, branching or C-shaped papillae or distinctly mammillose; marginal cells10 KB (472 words) - 06:46, 30 July 2020
- Ensifolii 5 Leaves flat, not septate Juncus subg. Graminifolii 6 Capsules large; seeds large, long tailed; leaves not noticeably septate Juncus subg. Alpini 66 KB (363 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
- Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 489. Plants small to large, in loose or dense masses. Primary-stems creeping. Secondary stems prostrate9 KB (375 words) - 07:50, 30 July 2020
- after the early branching of Ludwigia (R. A. Levin et al. 2003, 2004). This large and diverse lineage is distinguished by the presence of a floral tube beyond3 KB (506 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
- endosperm hard, without lipid; starch-grains compound; embryos small or large relative to the caryopses; epiblasts absent; scutellar cleft present or absent;11 KB (771 words) - 04:51, 30 July 2020
- capitate. Fruits capsular, green, subglobose to elongate, 3-locular, large, leathery. Seeds large, green, fleshy. x = 20, 23. se and sc United States, West Indies14 KB (860 words) - 05:56, 30 July 2020
- group of hydroids, but no abaxial epidermis of larger cells; basal-cells abruptly differentiated, large and rectangular, smooth, hyaline, thin-walled,15 KB (903 words) - 07:11, 30 July 2020
- terminal, solitary; flowers solitary or 2–several in lax racemose spike; bracts large, foliaceous. Flowers resupinate, showy; sepals distinct or lateral sepals10 KB (452 words) - 05:19, 30 July 2020
- on page 10, 118, 173, 186, 191, 216, 217, 220, 223, 236. Plants small to large, in loose to dense tufts or mats. Stems green, yellow-green, brown, reddish-brown16 KB (638 words) - 07:40, 30 July 2020
- Mentioned on page 38, 50, 57, 59, 73, 77, 651, 664, 667. Plants small, sometimes large, in tufts or loose cushions. Stems erect (creeping in O. kellmanii), branches24 KB (641 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
- angular to squarish or circular, often warped, 1.9–7 mm, commonly bearing 1–4 large depressions per side due to pressure from adjacent developing seeds, glabrous;17 KB (804 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
- on page 102. Mentioned on page 108. Plants dark green to black, small to large, often in dense turf. Stems erect, irregularly branched, bearing rhizoids6 KB (255 words) - 06:44, 30 July 2020
- 409, 410, 417, 421, 433, 441, 456, 461, 655, 656, 657. Plants small to large, in loose to dense mats, light to dark green, sometimes whitish, yellowish18 KB (751 words) - 07:47, 30 July 2020
- or less quadrate, papillose on one or both exposed surfaces with several large, branching or C-shaped papillae; marginal cells sometimes longer proximally11 KB (510 words) - 06:46, 30 July 2020
- page 10, 118, 141, 191, 192, 196, 200, 213, 662, 666. Plants very small to large, as scattered plants or deep, sometimes extensive, turfs. Stems 0.1–10 cm17 KB (677 words) - 07:39, 30 July 2020
- Mentioned on page 13, 294, 300, 307, 386, 398. Plants medium-sized to very large, green, yellowish, brownish, or sometimes red. Stems distichously or radially12 KB (455 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
- compressed-shortened, distal end tapered to point or praemorse, apex bearing large terminal bud, numerous cataphylls, and contractile, adventitious, ringed30 KB (822 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
- cells rhomboidal, large; basal-cells oblong; distal cells oblong or oblong-hexagonal. Perichaetia with leaves similar, often larger. Seta erect, usually9 KB (361 words) - 07:32, 30 July 2020
- single, ending before the tip to excurrent; distal and medial laminal cells large, rhombic-hexagonal to rectangular, lax and rather thin-walled, proximal cells12 KB (730 words) - 06:47, 30 July 2020
- sect. Costatae (Regel) Koehne consists of large, mesophytic trees, often with dark, close or exfoliating bark, large thin leaves, infructescence scales with18 KB (893 words) - 08:41, 30 July 2020
- Treatment on page 571. Mentioned on page 520, 535, 575. Plants in small to large mats, usually golden to yellow-green, glossy or dull. Stems reddish green8 KB (252 words) - 07:53, 30 July 2020
- 516, 517, 519, 522, 526, 536, 537, 549, 563, 578, 645. Plants small to large, in tufts or not, yellowish, green, or brown, glossy or dull. Stems creeping18 KB (782 words) - 07:52, 30 July 2020
- elongate along veins, commonly medial to supramedial; indusia round-reniform, large (ca. 1 mm diam.) and persistent or sometimes small (less than 0.3 mm diam14 KB (584 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
- 264, 282, 338, 341, 384, 385, 394, 395, 398, 435, 454. Plants small to large, green, yellowish, or brownish. Stems distichously branched, sometimes almost21 KB (586 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
- acrocarpous, large. Stems stiff, erect, mostly unbranched, in cross-section with a cortical region of small, thick-walled cells, a parenchyma of larger, thin-walled7 KB (298 words) - 06:46, 30 July 2020
- Volume 28. Treatment on page 97. Mentioned on page 198. Plants small to large, in lax to dense tufts. Stems erect or sometimes decumbent, simple, 2-fid11 KB (380 words) - 07:34, 30 July 2020
- Treatment on page 502. Mentioned on page 554. Plants medium-sized or rarely large, in soft, thin to dense, flat mats, green, yellow-green, golden brown, or10 KB (312 words) - 07:51, 30 July 2020
- 2-carpellate, 1-locular distally; ovule 1; stigmas 2, fleshy or plumose. Fruits large nuts [or samaras], nuts enclosed in dehiscent or indehiscent, fibrous-fleshy8 KB (287 words) - 08:26, 30 July 2020
- on page 373. Mentioned on page 321, 341, 374, 379, 637. Plants small to large, usually in stiff, loose mats, dark green to golden brown. Stems creeping11 KB (469 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
- present, obliquely long-rostrate. Calyptra cucullate or mitrate. Spores often large, spheric to ovoid or weakly reniform, finely to coarsely papillose, spiculate8 KB (362 words) - 06:59, 30 July 2020
- firm-walled, rounded to irregularly hexagonal, changing little when dry, to large, thin-walled, hexagonal to oblong cells, usually shrunken when dry [rarely33 KB (1,761 words) - 06:53, 30 July 2020
- 28. Treatment on page 590. Mentioned on page 584. Plants medium-sized to large, in loose mats. Stems creeping, sympodial, stoloniferous; secondary stems8 KB (303 words) - 07:54, 30 July 2020
- unlobed, or lateral lobes greatly reduced or absent, terminal lobe usually large, margins usually regularly or irregularly dentate to serrate, sometimes denticulate10 KB (787 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
- rhomboid, nearly always strengthened with conspicuous spiral fibrils, small to large, round to elliptic and sometimes ringed pores occur along commissures or16 KB (943 words) - 06:58, 30 July 2020
- 2 or occasionally with 3–6 adaxial cells near base, usually not markedly larger than abaxial cells, often excurrent as a long awn, awn smooth to toothed11 KB (588 words) - 06:48, 30 July 2020
- distal leaves. Sexual condition dioicous or pseudomonoicous; male plants as large as female plants or dwarfed and epiphytic on stem rhizoids of female plants;26 KB (1,278 words) - 06:56, 30 July 2020
- Volume 10. Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial, caulescent; from a usually large taproot, sometimes developing adventitious shoots from lateral roots producing10 KB (907 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
- Treatment on page 190. Mentioned on page 10, 191. Plants very small to large, as scattered individuals or colonies, green, reddish, whitish, or golden15 KB (690 words) - 07:39, 30 July 2020
- rarely biconvex, smooth to honeycomb-reticulate or with longitudinal rows of large depressions at 10–20X. Tubercles distinct from achene apex in color, texture6 KB (590 words) - 01:27, 30 July 2020
- Treatment on page 267. Mentioned on page 268, 272, 293. Plants small to large, in loose or compact tufts or forming extensive paches or mats, green, brown13 KB (864 words) - 06:51, 30 July 2020
- absent; kranz anatomy absent; midrib simple; adaxial bulliform cells present, large; stomata with dome-shaped or triangular subsidiary-cells; bicellular microhairs11 KB (728 words) - 03:55, 30 July 2020
- page 295. Mentioned on page 204, 267, 293, 294. Plants small, medium to large, mostly stiff and rigid, rarely pliant, robust to gracile, in green, yellow11 KB (701 words) - 06:52, 30 July 2020
- stout, pubescent and scaly or glabrous; leaf-scars shield-shaped or 3-lobed, large; pith solid and homogeneous. Bud-scales valvate or imbricate, glabrous or16 KB (713 words) - 08:48, 30 July 2020
- papillose, more or less plicate, plicae often serrate or serrulate, or rarely, large, twisted, covering capsules completely and clasping the distal end of seta12 KB (484 words) - 07:00, 30 July 2020
- peristome and operculum not differentiated. Calyptra mitrate. Spores rather large, 25–45 µm, papillose, spinose, reticulate, or pitted. Worldwide, mainly in6 KB (403 words) - 06:59, 30 July 2020
- on page 629. Mentioned on page 341, 342, 647, 475, 637. Plants small to large, in dense or loose mats, glaucous, green, brown, or yellowish-brown, dull5 KB (166 words) - 07:56, 30 July 2020
- 155. Mentioned on page 10, 119, 132, 173, 178, 659. Plants small to very large, in dense or open turfs, red, pink, yellow-green, or brown-green. Stems 012 KB (810 words) - 07:37, 30 July 2020
- wall, and 1–6 round to ovate pores per cell. Stem-leaves typically as large as or larger than branch leaves, lingulate to ovate-lingulate with broad rounded12 KB (538 words) - 07:01, 30 July 2020
- 325. Mentioned on page 331, 338, 509, 575, 637. Plants in medium-sized to large wefts, often extensive sheets. Stems creeping to ascending or erect, sympodial9 KB (433 words) - 07:44, 30 July 2020
- usually sterile, occasionally staminate; lower paleas absent, small, or large, not thickened; upper florets variable, x = 9 or 10. Panicum subg. Agrostoidea6 KB (905 words) - 04:08, 30 July 2020
- individual plants can sometimes invade closed vegetation, large stands of willows require large disturbances. The zonation of willows on floodplains is a35 KB (4,327 words) - 12:03, 30 July 2020
- squarish, sometimes warped, 2–7 × 2–7 mm, glabrous, commonly bearing 1–4 large, shallow depressions due to pressures from adjacent developing seeds; girdle34 KB (1,067 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
- (2004). Nesom provided much of the formal subgeneric nomenclature that by and large is followed here; there are some differences in assignment of species to18 KB (1,000 words) - 21:32, 29 July 2020
- prominent. Flowers solitary, resupinate, horizontal to slightly nodding, large, showy; sepals and petals ascending to erect; lip slipper-shaped, with basal5 KB (378 words) - 05:30, 30 July 2020
- 265, 266, 270, 273, 305, 455, 575, 645, 653, 654, 655. Plants small to large, yellow-green, green, dark green, or blackish. Stems unbranched or irregularly17 KB (800 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
- Mentioned on page 405, 406, 409, 440, 441, 451, 458, 465, 656. Plants small to large, in loose to dense tufts or mats, green to rich golden or more rarely pale-yellow13 KB (715 words) - 07:48, 30 July 2020
- of carefully spread and pressed leaves are usually needed because of the large amount of variation found in most species. Taking many samples will have19 KB (579 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
- on page 355. Mentioned on page 341, 348, 356, 363, 648. Plants small to large, in thin to thick mats, green, yellow-green, orange-green, or gold-green12 KB (631 words) - 07:45, 30 July 2020
- 28. Treatment on page 91. Mentioned on page 10, 92, 113. Plants small to large; subgametangial branching common. Stems yellow-green, brown, or reddish-brown;11 KB (485 words) - 07:33, 30 July 2020
- 503. Mentioned on page 506, 645, 646. Plants medium-sized to moderately large, in extensive mats, lustrous. Stems creeping (spreading to ascending in E7 KB (504 words) - 07:51, 30 July 2020
- separate from the lemmas and paleas; hila punctate or long-linear; embryos large or small relative to the caryopses; endosperm hard; starch-grains usually13 KB (931 words) - 04:50, 30 July 2020
- Bruce Allen Etymology: Greek dicha, in two, and elyma, veil, alluding to large dimidate or cucullate calyptra Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment8 KB (541 words) - 07:50, 30 July 2020
- Treatment on page 616. Mentioned on page 590, 617, 622. Plants small to large, pale to dark green or golden. Stems terete-foliate, irregularly pinnate8 KB (302 words) - 07:56, 30 July 2020
- marginal, placenta 1; ovules 1-2; style 1, short and recurved (Magnolia) or large and winglike (Liriodendron); stigma 1, terminal or terminal decurrent (Magnolia)9 KB (321 words) - 08:26, 30 July 2020
- Mentioned on page 10, 119, 122, 130, 131, 658, 659, 662. Plants small to large, in open to dense turfs or gregarious, green, yellow-green, pink, or red12 KB (668 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
- Volume 28. Treatment on page 602. Mentioned on page 609, 611. Plants small to large, shelf-forming or dendroid, green, yellowish, or brownish, glossy to dull14 KB (449 words) - 07:55, 30 July 2020
- page 483. Mentioned on page 264, 484, 518, 567. Plants somewhat small to large, in loose to dense mats or tufts. Stems prostrate or erect, complanate-foliate12 KB (457 words) - 07:50, 30 July 2020
- Mentioned on page 266, 298, 306, 647, 655, 656. Plants medium-sized to large, green, brown-green, yellowish, or yellowbrown. Stems unbranched to irregularly10 KB (668 words) - 07:43, 30 July 2020
- Treatment on page 469. Mentioned on page 473. Plants medium-sized [to moderately large], in thin to dense, flat mats, often glossy. Stems creeping, simple or sparingly10 KB (407 words) - 07:50, 30 July 2020
- 464. Mentioned on page 405, 406, 408, 462, 465, 653, 656. Plants small to large, in loose to dense mats, green to yellowish (golden) or brownish. Stems creeping9 KB (527 words) - 07:49, 30 July 2020
- loculicidal. Seeds black, flattened, obovoid, becoming globose distally. x = 30 (5 large, 25 small). Warmer regions in the Americas from the sw United States and24 KB (1,110 words) - 06:12, 30 July 2020
- Mentioned on page 15, 58, 173. Herbs, perennial, bulbose; bulbs with 1–several large fleshy scales and 0–many small scales (often called rice-grain bulblets)13 KB (449 words) - 05:41, 30 July 2020
- to slightly emarginate; anthers 3. Caryopses laterally compressed; hila large, punctate, basal; embryos 3/4 or more as long as the caryopses. x = 10. The7 KB (646 words) - 04:50, 30 July 2020
- Treatment on page 597. Mentioned on page 598, 599. Plants medium-sized to large. Stems often with basal stipe region, foliose, simple or pinnate, branches14 KB (540 words) - 07:55, 30 July 2020
- slender to stout, dictyostelic, scaly. Leaves monomorphic or dimorphic, large and coarse, generally greater than 30 cm, often exceeding 1 m. Petiole not7 KB (356 words) - 00:32, 30 July 2020
- Volume 28. Treatment on page 584. Mentioned on page 590. Plants small to large, creeping or in loose mats, brownish green, dull to somewhat shiny. Stems9 KB (332 words) - 07:54, 30 July 2020
- [capsular]. Seeds not arillate; embryo length 1/3+ times seed, cotyledons large. Introduced; Fla., Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Asia6 KB (170 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
- narrow, consisting of 1–2 rows of small cells or revoluble as fragments of large cells; operculum convex to conic, apiculate to rostrate; peristome absent9 KB (561 words) - 06:47, 30 July 2020
- on page 629. Mentioned on page 341, 342, 630, 637, 652. Plants small to large, ± glaucous, green to rusty brown. Stems with branches erect to arcuate,12 KB (612 words) - 07:56, 30 July 2020
- formed by layers of cells decreasing in cell number distally, terminated by large, sharp-tipped cell, or teeth unicellular. Inflorescences: involucres mostly10 KB (561 words) - 01:00, 30 July 2020
- Treatment on page 593. Mentioned on page 590, 644, 646. Plants medium-sized to large, in rigid tufts, green to brownish, glossy or dull. Stems irregularly branched9 KB (483 words) - 07:55, 30 July 2020