spreading-ascending; twigs stout (to 2cm thick), orangebrown, aging darker orangebrown, rough. Buds ovoid, to 2cm, fully 1cm broad, redbrown, very resinous;
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candelabralike; twigs stout (1–2cm thick), greenish, aging deep gray-brown to near black, rough. Buds conic-ovoid, pale-brown, to 2.5cm; scale margins white-fringed
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short-shoots 1–2cm × 0.5–0.8mm, 0.3–0.5mm thick, keeled abaxially, rounded adaxially, pale blue-green; resin canals 10–20µm from margins. Seed-cones 1–2 × 0.5–1cm
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ovoid, dark redbrown, to 1.2cm, slightly resinous. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 3–8 years, 2–8cm × 0.7–2 (–3) mm, twisted, yellow-green
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to 2cm, becoming enlarged. Flowers: sepals reniform-cordate, 5-6 mm, glabrous; outer petals cream-white, ovate-cordate, adaxially concave, 2.5-3 cm, apex
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5–40 cm × 1.5–3.5 (–6.5) mm, coriaceous. Inflorescences 2.2–8.59 (–12) cm, 0.6–1.8 length of proximal bract; proximal bract 0.8–11 mm, sheath 0–1.2cm, blade
7 KB (701 words) - 02:06, 30 July 2020
Mexico: A Systematic Account of the Family Asteraceae. 2+ vols. Huntsville, Tex. [Phytologia Mem. 10, 11.] Bayer, R. J. and J. R. Starr. 1998. Tribal phylogeny
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redbrown, 1.5–2cm, not resinous; scale margins fringed. Leaves (2–) 3 per fascicle, spreading-ascending, persisting (2–) 4–6 (–7) years, 10–15cm × ca. 1.5mm
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apex short-acuminate; sheath to 2.4cm, base persistent. Pollen cones ellipsoid, 10–15mm, yellow. Seed-cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds soon thereafter
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conic-subulate; sheath (1–) 1.5–2cm, base persistent. Pollen cones ellipsoid-cylindric, 10–15mm, orangebrown. Seed-cones maturing in 2 years, serotinous, long-persistent
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covered by the coleorhiza (root sheath); hila punctate to linear. x = 5,6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12. The Poaceae or grass family includes approximately 700 genera and
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Seed-cones cylindric, 8–10 (–13) × 3.5–5cm, purple, sessile, apex round to nipple-shaped; scales ca. 2 × 2cm, pubescent; bracts included. Seeds 10–12 × 4mm, body
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ellipsoid-cylindric when open, 10–25cm, creamy brown to yellowish, without purple or gray tints, resinous, stalks to 2cm; umbo terminal, depressed. Seeds
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if with 7-13 veins, the veins often in 3 groups; lodicules 2, or absent, x = 7, 8, 9, 10, 12. Most members of the Cynodonteae in the Flora region can
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1–8 or more per cluster, narrowly turbinate to campanulate; teeth (3–) 5–6 (–10), erect or occasionally spreading, apex acute to obtuse or rounded. Flowers
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or variously persistent, linear, 2–3 (–4) -fid. Achenes biconvex, planoconvex, or trigonous, rarely 4-angled. x = 10. Worldwide Species ca. 2000 (480 in
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chartaceous or scarious or margins and/or apices notably scarious, sometimes in 1–2 series, distinct, subequal, and herbaceous with margins and/or apices barely
79 KB (1,886 words) - 20:55, 29 July 2020
1–1.5cm, resinous; scale margins fringed, apex cuspidate. Leaves 3 (–5) per fascicle, spreading to ascending, persisting 2–3 years, 5–10 (–15) cm × 1–1
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usually distinct; anthers basifixed; pistils 1, 2–3 (–4) -carpellate, fused, locule 1; style undivided or branches 2–3 (–4); stigma sometimes papillate. Fruits
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Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes
97 KB (2,063 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
short-subulate; sheath 1.5–2cm, shed early. Pollen cones cylindric, ca. 6–10mm, pale yellowbrown. Seed-cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds and falling
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conic-subulate; sheath (1–) 1.5–2cm, base persistent. Pollen cones ellipsoid-cylindric, 10–15mm, orangebrown. Seed-cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds soon
8 KB (616 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
spreading-ascending; twigs stout (to 2cm thick), purple-brown, often glaucous, aging rough. Buds ovoid, tan to pale redbrown, 2–3cm, not resinous; scale margins
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serrulate distally, apex conic-acute; sheath 0.8–1.2cm, shed early. Pollen cones cylindro-ovoid, ca. 10–15mm, scarlet. Seed-cones remaining on tree (unless
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in Pereskia and several genera outside the flora), terete or flat, 0–3 cm (to 10 cm in Pereskia); stipules absent. Spines flexible and hairlike or bristlelike
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1–8 (–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes deep, veins 1–8 (–10) per side
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usually with 2-22 florets, sometimes with 1, sterile florets usually distal to the reproductively functional florets, sometimes with 1 or 2 staminate or
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solitary (sometimes paired or clustered) often plicate in bud, usually 1/2 divided, often 10-ribbed at base (unribbed in S. hermaphrodita) or angulate, lobes acute
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Caryopses usually dorsally compressed or terete; embryos 1/2 or more the length of the caryopses. x = 9, 10. The tribe Paniceae, which includes about 100 genera
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from 2/3 as long as to subequal to the lemmas, distinctly 2-keeled, margins and intercostal regions milky white to slightly greenish; lodicules 2, broadly
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appendaged, margins entire or emarginate to 2-fid, rarely pinnatifid [fimbriate or filiform]; stamens (2 or 4) 6 [8–24], in 2 whorls, usually tetradynamous (lateral
107 KB (3,718 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
or absent, blade apex entire, notched, or 2 (-4) -fid, sometimes dentate or laciniate; stamens 1-10, in 1 or 2 whorls, arising from base of ovary, nectariferous
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(Platystele Garay), to 15–20 cm diameter (some Paphiopedilum Pfitzer, Phragmipedium Rolfe, and Cattleya Lindley spp.), and ultimately to 76 cm [Phragmipedium caudatum
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forming tube that may also bear a corona, usually petaloid and ± equal in 2 whorls of 3, or those of outer whorl narrower, greener, more sepaloid; tepal
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in sexuality and shape, sometimes missing. x = usually 9 or 10, or possibly 5 with 9 and 10 reflecting ancient polyploidy. The tribe Andropogoneae includes
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471. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (often ± woolly annuals 1–10 cm). Leaves basal and/or cauline; usually alternate, rarely opposite; petiolate
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7, 8, 43, 135. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (3–) 10–200 (–400+) [2500+] cm. Leaves usually cauline, sometimes mostly basal, or basal and cauline;
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prismatic or compressed to flattened, rarely, if ever, beaked, bodies often 10-ribbed or (4–) 5-angled, smooth or papillate to rugose between ribs or angles
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et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part 10, pp. 50–139. Barkley, T. M., B. L. Clark, and A. M. Funston. 1996. The
23 KB (1,021 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
falling, of 30–80+, white to stramineous, barbellulate to smooth bristles. x = 10. Nearly worldwide, mostly in warm-temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions
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plants); sepals connate proximally into tube, (4–) 10–28 (–40) mm; tube green, whitish, and/or purplish, 10–30-veined, cylindric to campanulate, urceolate
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(salverform in Epigaea); intrastaminal nectary disc present or absent; stamens (2–) 5–8 (–10) [14, 16, 20]; filaments distinct; anthers inverted during development
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usually obovoid or obconic, sometimes fusiform, ± compressed, nerves (2–) 3–5 (–10, sometimes dark-translucent), faces glabrous or strigillose, eglandular
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upon drying), 3–12 × 1.7–10 mm. Phyllaries 10–35 in 3–5 series, midnerves usually ± swollen and translucent, sometimes plus 2–5 secondary nerves (striate
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with internal protrusion dividing carpel into 2 cells, dehiscence loculicidal, rarely indehiscent. Seeds 2–30, often reniform, glabrous or hairy. Nearly
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spreading-hairy (C. exserta), pollen-sacs 2, unequal; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma capitate, entire, or 2-lobed. Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal
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or curled, sometimes borne between 2 minute teeth; paleas shorter than or equal to the lemmas, 2-veined; anthers (1-2) 3, purple, orange, yellow, or olivaceous
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absent or round and smooth, tomentose to floccose or glabrous; bracts usually 2–10 sometimes more, scalelike, semileaflike, or leaflike. Peduncles absent (or
24 KB (947 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
turf-forming or loosely cespitose, green distally and brown proximally. Stems 0.2–4 (–10) cm, irregularly branching, mostly rounded-pentagonal but occasionally rounded-triangular
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corolla rotate, cupulate, campanulate, salverform, or funnelform; stamens (2–) 3–5, with 4 mostly connate in pairs, appearing as only (1–) 3 stamens; anthers
19 KB (877 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020