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1–25 per ovary; style 1 per carpel, distinct or connate; stigmas 2–4, truncate, notched-capitate, or 2-lobed or 3-lobed. Fruits capsular, baccate, or drupaceous

tips parallel or almost so, sometimes extending into teeth, truncate, rounded, or notched between the keels; lodicules connate; anthers 3. Caryopses ovoid-oblong;

long as the lemmas, apices entire or notched; lodicules 2, free (rarely fused in some genera), cuneate, truncate or somewhat lobed; anthers 1, 2, or 3

gilmanii and E. resinosa), (laminae elliptic to oblong, apices shallowly notched or toothed). Disc-florets 4–70, bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow

apices acute to rounded or truncate, more or less flat to slightly prow-shaped; paleas keeled, keels not winged, truncate to notched between the keels; lodicules

obtuse, erose or notched; lip greenish white, 3-veined, oblong to nearly pandurate, curved, 2–2.5 × 0.75–2.25 mm, apex rounded to truncate; disc with pair

fleshy, usually connate into a single structure, without a membranous wing, truncate, not ciliate, not or scarcely veined; anthers 1, 2, or 3; ovaries glabrous;

reniform, unlobed or palmately 3–7 (–9) -lobed or divided, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate to dentate. Inflorescences usually axillary, flowers usually

alternate. > 2 2 Leaf blades widely obovate to suborbiculate, 5–14 mm, apices truncate to retuse; capsules 4–6 mm wide, valves smooth, horns minute or absent

opaque, white to green when fresh, club-shaped to spatulate, entire to notched or erose-tipped, with or without subapical thickened dark area. Staminate

placentation axile; stigma bilamellate. Fruits capsules, apex rounded to truncate, dehiscence loculicidal partly to base along both sutures. Seeds 100–2000

6–33 mm, base not spurred, not scarious, apex truncate to rounded or obtuse, emarginate or barely notched. Flowering shoots erect or decumbent, simple or

(M. glabra, M. groenlandica) or not, blade apex entire, emarginate, or notched; nectaries 5, at base of filaments opposite sepals, sometimes prominent

spurred, margins entire or lobed; column very short; clinandrium prominent, truncate; anther terminal, operculate; pollinia 2, globose, waxy, hard, attached

triangular, base divided into 2 lobes or not, lobe margins entire or erose, apex notched, entire, or with 2 widely spaced teeth, surfaces glabrous or hairy, abaxial

upper paleas about 1/2 as long as the lemmas, apices notched; lodicules 2, free, broadly cuneate, truncate to irregularly lobed; anthers 2 (3). Caryopses nearly

spur elongate; column very short, without foot; clinandrium prominent, truncate; anthers terminal, incumbent, operculate; pollinia 2, globose, waxy, hard

widths, keels not winged, ciliolate, tips not strongly incurved, truncate to notched between the keels; anthers 3, 0.5-1.2 mm. Caryopses 1-1.5 mm. 2n =20

green to red, obovate, base not clawed, apex rounded to truncate, sometimes irregularly notched; nectary 5 2-lobed glands at bases of filaments opposite

(persistent) connate basally [entirely and columnar]; stigma notched-capitate or truncate. Fruits drupaceous. Seeds: aril absent. x = 11. Introduced; Fla

1–6 × 0.5–1.5 cm; base truncate; apex pointed. Pinnules linear to fan-shaped to unequally pinnate, 3–9 × 1–7 mm, mostly notched apically. Veins free, evident

5-7-lobed or angled, base cordate, truncate, or rounded, margins entire, apex acuminate to rounded, mucronate, rarely notched or obcordate; surfaces abaxially

purplish gray, stramineous, or violet, sometimes purple-spotted, columnar or truncate-fusiform, not beaked, ribs 10, ± scabrellous or spiculate, faces glabrous

overlapping; blade to 2 m × 1–4 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse to truncate or rarely slightly notched; veins 3. Generative shoots 0.2–11 cm, nodes 1–2, proximal

4-6 (-10) -lobed, base rounded to shallowly cordate or truncate, apex broadly truncate or notched; surfaces abaxially glaucous, adaxially lustrous, smooth

petals 4, yellow or orange to deep red, liguliform, circinnate in bud, notched or truncate, sometimes pointed; stamens 4, very short within cup; anthers introrse

midrib, distal leaves deltate-ovate to ovate, (2–) 4–10 × 2–7 cm, base truncate to cuneate, lobes acuminate or broadly acute to obtuse, middle lobe larger

ovatelanceolate or linear, unlobed, 1–4.3 (–7) × 0.2–1 (–1.5) cm, base rounded to truncate, margins serrate to doubly serrate or dentate, sometimes ciliate, apex

evenly 2-10-lobed, base rounded to shallowly cordate or truncate, apex broadly truncate or notched; stipules free, erect, leafy, tardily deciduous; tepals

upper paleas about 1/2 as long as the lemmas, apices notched; lodicules 2, free, broadly cuneate, truncate to irregularly lobed; anthers 2 (3). Caryopses nearly

triangular in cross-section, rib crests rounded, flat, neither tuberculate nor notched between areoles (slightly raised tubercles on distal stems of old plants);

30–60 cm ´ 1–4 mm, margins serrulate distally, apex obtuse to truncate or rarely slightly notched; veins 5–7. Generative shoot 1–6 cm, nodes 1, without leaves

achenes yellow to dark brown or sometimes green; distal leaf sheath apex truncate to subacute. > 12 5 Tubercles not strongly dorsiventrally compressed, cross

smooth, not keeled, midvein prominent; ligules 0.5-0.8 mm, not translucent, truncate to slightly rounded; blades 15-40 cm long, 2-8 mm wide, abaxial surfaces

not or only weakly keeled; ligules 0.2-0.9 mm, translucent, rounded to truncate; blades 25-40 cm long, 2-7 mm wide, abaxial surfaces smooth, adaxial surfaces

smooth. Sheaths smooth or scabridulous, weakly keeled; ligules 1-1.5 mm, truncate; blades to 45 cm long, 6-10 mm wide, abaxial surfaces smooth or scabrous

cells rhombic to oblong-rhombic, to 24 × 8–10 µm. Branch leaves apical cell truncate, multipapillose. Primary branch leaves to 0.5 mm; costa shorter. Secondary

lanceolate or oblong, 5–10.5 × 1.8–8 cm, coriaceous, base cuneate to round, truncate, or cordate, apex usually acute to obtuse, occasionally round, surfaces

minutely apiculate, with holed callus or dark depression, or shallowly notched > 19 17 Petals 2.5-4 mm. Ribes viscosissimum 17 Petals 1-2.1 mm > 18 18

27–35 mm, limb 15–23 mm diam., bilabiate, lobes oblong, apex truncate, sometimes notched. Anthers (distal pair) exserted, glabrous. Styles minutely glandular

lemmas 2-6 mm, sometimes with a dark spot near the base, apices acute to truncate, sometimes emarginate to bifid, unawned, mucronate, or awned; paleas somewhat

scabridulous or hirtellous, not or weakly keeled; ligules 2.5-4 (6) mm, truncate to acute, erose, puberulent; blades 19-40+ mm long, 6-12 (15) mm wide,

ovate or triangular, 3–10 × 2–6.5 cm, usually ± thin, base obtuse, round, truncate, or cordate, apex acute to acuminate, rarely rounded, surfaces usually

bisexual. Glumes frequently scabrous, apices obtuse, sometimes erosely notched; lower glumes 3-6 mm; upper glumes 4-7 (8.3) mm, 3-veined; rachilla internodes

divided, 5-lobed, 5–7 × 6–8 cm, lobes lanceolate, 0.5–5 × 0.3–3.5 cm, base truncate, margins irregularly serrate, apex obtuse, upper leaves reduced, orbiculate-triangular

ovate, deltate, cordate, or reniform, (0.2–) 0.5–1.6 cm × 4–12 mm, base truncate to rounded, apex acute to cuspidate. Inflorescences terminal, open, 3–15-flowered

beyond calyx margin; lobes broadly obovate-oblong, apex rounded or truncate-notched, throat open. Styles glabrous. Anthers included or slightly exserted

broadly oblong, (1–) 2–8 (–10) cm × (5–) 10–40 (–60) mm, base cuneate to truncate, apex acute to subobtuse, surfaces densely pubescent. Cauline leaves shortly

pubescent; glumes glabrous; lower glumes 5-7-veined, obtuse to truncate, often notched, keels with 1-several, 0.2-0.3 mm hooklike spines near the base

exserted beyond calyx margin; lobes obovate-oblong, apex rounded to truncate or notched. Styles glabrous. Anthers included, glabrous. Capsules included, 3–6

Leontodon 6 Cypsela beaks relatively short; pappi of lanceolate, apically notched, aristate scales, aristae smooth; annuals; leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate

palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to lanceolate, 4–15 × 1–5 mm, base truncate to truncate-cordate, clasping, margins entire, sometimes toothed, apex acute

lighter violet splotches radiating from midvein adaxially, lobes apically truncate to slightly convex; rhizomes short, branching, covered with thickened,

axis, ovate, oblong or elongate-deltate, cordate to subcordate or rarely truncate at base, usually more than 4 mm wide; segment margins plane, undifferentiated

lanceolate, 2.2–4 mm; margins revolute nearly to apex, often irregularly notched near apex; apex slender-acute, cuspidate; basal laminal cells linear-elongate

subpalmately veined, ovate, (3–) 8–25 (–35) × (1–) 5–18 (–26) mm, base cuneate to truncate or cordate, margins serrate to sparsely dentate, apex acute, surfaces villous-glandular

7-2.4 mm, hyaline, bases not projecting beyond the lemmas, apices truncate, often notched; anthers 3, 0.6-1.3 mm, yellowish to purplish. Caryopses 0.6-0.8

lacerate to fimbriate apex > 3 2 Stem leaves with acute, slightly toothed, notched, erose, or rounded apex > 11 3 Stem leaves with broad, lacerate apex equal

4–1.3 cm; apex blunt to truncate. Pinnules of 1–2 segments; segments linear-oblong, 3–6 × 1–3 mm; margins dentate; apex notched, pointed, rounded, or blunt

roundish to broadly triangular, 3–5-lobed, cleft 1/2 to midrib, 1–3 cm, base truncate to cuneate, surfaces pubescent, with long-stalked glands, or glabrous,

obovate-triangular, (20–) 30–50 (–60) mm, lobed 1/10 length or apex merely notched, lobes apically truncate to slightly convex, surfaces glabrous, oxalate deposits absent

4-1.5 mm, veinless (rarely 1-veined), usually truncate to rounded, occasionally acute, sometimes notched; upper glumes 0.8-1.9 mm, 1 (2) -veined, acute

florets, thin, hyaline, glabrous; lower glumes veinless, truncate or obtuse, often toothed or notched; upper glumes 1-veined or veinless, obtuse to acute,

indistinctly erose-denticulate, apex rounded or occasionally indistinctly notched. Phenology: Flowering late summer–fall. Habitat: Sandy shores, dunes Elevation:

dorsally, bases somewhat flat and chartaceous; ligules 0.5-2 (3) mm, firm, truncate, usually ciliolate; blades 10-50 cm long, 1.5-6 mm wide, flat or involute

less than 1/2 to midrib, 2 middle sinuses deepest, to 8.5 cm, base broadly truncate to shallowly cordate, surfaces not glandular, ± hairy abaxially, glabrous

becoming papery or spirally coiled when old; ligules 0.5-1.5 mm, membranous, truncate to obtuse, erose, without lateral lobes; blades 1-15 cm long, 0.8-2 mm

5–2.5 mm; petals white with yellow area at base, broadly obovate, apex notched, 1.5–3 mm; episepalous staminal filaments 1–1.7 mm, epipetalous ones 0.5–1

beyond calyx margin; lobes broadly obovate-oblong, apex rounded or truncate-notched, throat open, palate densely villous, abaxial ridges prominent. Styles

1/5–1/2 to midrib into (3–) 8–15 (–30) acute to obtuse teeth, often medially notched as well 1/3–2/3 to midrib, villous. Cauline leaves 3–5. Inflorescences open

(abruptly tapering to narrow claw). Fruits wider than long, apex truncate to shallowly notched, compressed (angustiseptate), 3–4 mm; valves densely pubescent

broadly oblanceolate, 1.4–1.7 times as long as sepals, apex truncate, often shallowly notched. Capsules broadly ellipsoid, 5.5 mm, longer than sepals. Seeds

oblong-ovate to ovate, (10–) 15–40 (–50) × 5–25 mm, base obtuse-cuneate to truncate, rounded or subcordate, subclasping to sessile, margins coarsely serrate-dentate

3–5 times longer on distal leaves, base slightly cordate or rounded to truncate or cuneate, margins dentate to denticulate, apex acute, surfaces stellate-hairy

(–10) mm, base asymmetric, one side usually angled or rounded and other truncate-auriculate, margins minutely or conspicuously serrulate at least toward

(much shorter than blade, apex shallowly to deeply emarginate or, rarely, truncate or obtuse); stamens strongly tetradynamous, (erect); filaments not dilated

angled, weakly lobed or deeply palmately parted, base cordate, cuneate, or truncate, margins crenate-serrate, apex acute to obtuse. Inflorescences terminal

stalked, enlarged, base truncate to obtuse; distal pinnae deltate to ovate. Veins directed into notches. Indusia cupshaped, apex truncate, hairs gland-tipped

compressed or not, subglobose to ovoid (rarely obdeltate), apices rounded, truncate, or obtuse > 92 90 Sepals 5-8.5 mm, median pair cucullate at apex; petals

fruit ± rhombic in profile and tapered at both ends, or obdeltate and truncate at apex, with prominent beak; wings 4–5, thick, narrow, not dilated at

the corolla lobes and tube is measured from the point of contact in the notch between the abaxial lip and adaxial lip (beak). The junction of the lips

10.5–16 mm, 1.2–1.5 times as long as wide (apex truncate or slightly emarginate, with very broad notch), sparsely hairy; filaments 4–6 mm; anthers cream

smooth. Leaves basal; sheath fronts membranous distally, orifice adaxially truncate to concave, often splitting; ligules 2-fid, 1 mm; blades 2–6, proximally

obtriangular or obdeltate to obovate or broadly obovate, 0.6–2 × 0.6–1.8 mm; apical notch to 1/2 length of petal; filaments 0.7–2.2 mm; style 0.6–2.3 mm. Capsules

pinnules mostly short-stalked, base truncate to obtuse, distal pinnae deltate to ovate. Veins directed into teeth and notches. Indusia cupshaped to lanceolate

short-stalked, bases truncate to obtuse; distal pinnae ovate to oblong. Veins directed into notches. Indusia cupshaped, apex truncate, typically invested

pallidisetum are crenulate in profile, the marginal cells in cross-section truncate to shallowly retuse. Seen from above, the edges of the lamellae resemble

short-stalked, base truncate to obtuse; distal pinnae ovate to oblong. Veins directed into teeth and notches. Indusia cupshaped, apex truncate, typically sparsely

short-stalked, base truncate to obtuse, distal pinnae ovate to oblong. Veins directed into teeth and notches. Indusia cupshaped, apex truncate, with scattered

side, veins inconspicuous, 3 or 4 per side, apex subacute to obtuse or ± truncate, surfaces glabrous with sparsely strigillose margins and adaxial midrib;

denticulate, 2–5 low teeth per side, veins inconspicuous, apex obtuse to truncate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely strigillose on abaxial midrib; bracts reduced

ovate, 3–8 × 1.5–3.4 cm, subequal to internodes, base broadly cuneate to truncate, margins irregularly serrulate with 20–30 teeth per side, veins prominent

margins conspicuously dentate, base usually cordate to subcordate, rarely truncate or rounded, apex short acuminate to acute. Inflorescences glabrous or sparsely

short-stalked, base truncate to obtuse; distal pinnae ovate to oblong. Veins directed into teeth and notches. Indusia cupshaped, apex truncate, with scattered

reniform, 3–5-lobed, cleft 1/3–1/2 (–3/4) to midrib, 0.5–2 cm, base broadly truncate to cordate, surfaces glabrous or finely pubescent and slightly glandular-puberulent

2–2.5 cm; sessile; blade lan­ceolate to narrowly oblong, base rounded or truncate, sometimes cuneate, margins sparsely denticulate, apex acuminate to, sometimes

cells smooth. > 18 18 Leaf apices rounded-obtuse to truncate, apiculus absent. > 19 19 Leaf apices truncate. Neckeropsis 19 Leaf apices rounded-obtuse. > 20