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margins tinged color of the inner; inner tepals yellow-green, yellow to bronze, or red to magenta, spatulate, emarginate-apiculate. Pollen spinulo-punctate

darker green or bronze, except not mottled in T. petiolatum. Flower sessile. Petals ± erect, except spreading in T. stamineum, mostly dark purple, maroon, yellow

present in staminate flowers, rare in pistillate, clear, bronze, brown, light green, purple, or red-purple. Staminate flowers subtended by membranous involucre

to dense, pedunculate. Flowers unisexual; tepals 6, greenish, yellow, or bronze, ovate to elliptic; staminate flowers sometimes with pistillode, stamens

entire lengths, sometimes distinct or nearly so, white or cream to pink, bronze, or green, rarely red, corolla globose, cylindric, urceolate, or campanulate

distinct, bluish violet to light blue, white, lavender to pink, magenta, purple, or yellow, not clawed, subequal; stamens symmetrically arranged; filaments

concealing stamens and ovary, yellow, bronze, maroon, brown, deep purple, reddish-brown, pink, dark purplish red, purplish bronze, rarely greenish white, not spirally

yellow-green, often becoming suffused with bronze to red, major veins of distal pitcher tube maroon to red-purple on internal surface, indistinctly colored

after anthesis, typically 3, erect, spreading, or recurved, distinct, red, purple, pink, white, yellow, green, or combination of these, ovate or obovate to

lengths 0.5–1 (–1.5) times bracts; bracts green or with slight bronze tinge or suffused with purple adaxially especially near margins, broader than leaves, ovate

[lemon-yellow, pink, purple, or white]. Disc-florets [12–] 13–154 [–172], bisexual, fertile; corollas concolorous with rays (usually turning purple apically), tubes

Stems ascending to prostrate, much branched; twig tips and young leaves bronze green, sticky. Leaves: blade bright green, lanceolate, 5–12.5 × 1.5–3 cm

connivent, ± concealing stamens and ovary, dark maroon purple to clear yellow, occasionally 2-colored with purple and yellow, not spirally twisted, lanceolate to

ovary, maroon-purple, brownish purple to brown, greenish streaked to green, rarely yellow, becoming brown, or occasionally bright copper-bronze with age, not

outer tepals yellow-bronze to peach-bronze or pink with purple midstripes, 4–10 × 3–6 mm; inner tepals yellow-bronze to peach-bronze (rarely pink), 6–12

maroon-purple, brownish purple, bronze, greenish purple, clear green, yellowish green, pale lemon yellow, or 2-colored, yellow distally with purple base

5–2 mm; petals white or cream to pale-bluish-violet on both surfaces, dark purple-veined, lateral 2 longer than sepals, bearded, lowest 8–10 mm, spur white

usually eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals white on both surfaces, lower 3 purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded or beardless, lowest 9–14 (–16) mm, spur white

richardsonii) or weakly inflated (H. parishii), green, white, cream, yellow, pink, purple, or red, (elongating during flowering and fruit maturation, short to lo

areoles at stem apex, funnelform, 1–4 × 1–2.5 cm; outer tepals greenish or purple midstripes, pink or yellow margins, 9–25 × 3–9 mm, margins fringed, denticulate

violet on both surfaces, lower 3 white basally, lower 3 and upper 2 sometimes purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, spur sometimes bearded, lowest 15–25 mm, spur

or trees, 10–300 dm. Stems 1–8, erect or ascending; bark gray to brown or bronze, usually smooth, becoming scaly with age, with conspicuous horizontal lenticels;

dark purple, 4–20 mm, ± thick, dehiscence introrse; connectives brown-purple, extending 1–2.5 mm beyond anther sacs, apex acute; ovary green-purple, ovoid

flanges, apical auricles free; petiole 1–5 cm; leaflets 3, green or bronze-purple to maroon, obcordate, (4–) 6–12 mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, margins often

mostly eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals white on both surfaces, lower 3 purple-veined, lateral 2 usually beardless, lowest 8–10 mm, spur white, gibbous

light to dark blue-violet on both surfaces, lower 3 and upper 2 sometimes purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest sometimes bearded, 15–25 mm, spur color

determinate. Leaves: petiole length 40–60% blade; blade brilliantly bronze and purple in fall, glossy, ± deltate, broad, 3–6 cm, lobes palmate or 2 or 3

yellowish pink, or bronze, globose to urceolate, 3–5 × 5–7 mm, thin, glaucous; filaments glabrous. Berries shiny or dull black or deep purple, rarely red or

yellow, 2–4 mm. Flowers: inner tepals yellow-green, tinged purple-red, aging reddish-brown or bronze, spatulate, 15 mm, apiculate; filaments pale green basally

yellowish green, greenish purple, to deep purple, bronze-green or brown, never white, yellow pigment always present even when masked by purple. Phenology: Flowering

acute; stamens erect, straight, dark purple, 10–25 mm; filaments dark purple, 2–5 mm; anthers straight, dark purple, 9–20 mm, dehiscence extrorse; connectives

connivent, ± concealing stamens and ovary, pinkish purple, light to reddish purple, brownish purple, rarely yellow, fading to brownish tones with age,

weakly incurved, 14–17 mm; filaments purple, 1–2 mm; anthers 8–15 mm, thick, dehiscence latrorse; connectives brown-purple, straight, extended 1–2 mm beyond

Association Shrubs or trees, 40–100 dm. Stems 1–4+; bark gray to bronze; winter buds green to purple, shiny, ovoid to conic, 7–20 mm, glutinous, glabrous or hairy

between teeth acute. Bracts green or adaxially slightly bronze tinged. Corollas brownish purple. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Open gravelly or

involucrelike leaves 8–9 (–14). Flowers 25–55 mm diam.; petals pink, red, purple, yellow, bronze, or white, obovate, 15–25 × 15–20 mm; stamens 40 or more; stigmas

branching at acute angles, to 2 m. Stem segments whorled or subwhorled, purple to green-purple, 4–18 × 1–2 cm; tubercles prominent, elongate-oval, 1–2 (–2.5) cm;

pale-yellow. Flowers: inner tepals green or orange-bronze, spatulate, 17–20 mm, apiculate; filaments dark green-bronze; anthers yellow; style whitish basally to

Flowers: inner tepals yellow-green suffused with bronze, pale-red, or purple-brown, 20–35 mm; filaments dark bronze-red to magenta; anthers yellow, sometimes

2 darker basally, lateral 2 densely bearded, lowest white basally, dark purple-veined, 9–13 mm, spur color same as petals, gibbous, 2–3 mm; style head

lemon-yellow usually on both surfaces, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 9.5–12 mm, spur yellow to greenish, gibbous

auricles 1–2 mm; petals white on both surfaces, lowest and sometimes lateral 2 purple-veined, lateral 2 sparsely bearded or beardless, lowest 7–12 mm, spur white

ivory, cream, or pink; styles 2–5. Pomes bright red to purple (late Aug), reddish purple to deep purple, often nearly black (late Sep), ± orbicular to ellipsoid

both surfaces, all white basally, lower 3 purple-black-veined, all beardless, lowest 8–20 mm, spur white, purple, or lavender-tinged, elongated, 10–20 mm;

1–2 mm; petals light to dark blue or dark purple-violet or reddish purple, lowest and sometimes lateral 2 purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest bearded

cm; bractlets 2–5 mm, apex lacerate. Flowers: tepals white, sometimes with purple midveins, 2.2–3.3 mm, margins hyaline; pedicel erect, proximal to joint

laminae 5.1–12 mm. Disc-florets 13–27; anthers yellow proximally, usually purple to bronze distally. Cypselae 4.2–6 mm; pappi usually 2.5–4.6 mm, rarely 0.2n

long, (2.5) 4-5.5 (6) cm wide, open, erect to nodding, pale green to bronze or purple; branches (4) 5.5-8 (9) cm, sparsely scabrous, spreading to ascending

Glumes and lemmas bronze or stramineous to green, or various shades of purple; anthers usually yellow or orange, occasionally red or purple. 2n = 58-103. Generated

Marjorie C. Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaves ± bronze in fall; blade ± ovate to ovate-rhombic, lobes well defined. Pomes pendent

1 Petals pink to purple > 2 1 Petals yellow, orange, copper, bronze, or white > 6 2 Flowers 25 mm or more diam.; petals

red-purple, bronze-purple, or yellow, sometimes pale greenish yellow or whitish, spatulate, 18–35 mm, emarginate-apiculate; filaments deep purple to pink-purple

or ovate, sometimes narrowly elongate, 0.5-30 cm wide, appearing bronze to dark purple (D. cespitosa complex). > 5 5 Spikelets 6-7.5 mm long; culms sometimes

yellow, proximally reddish, often bronze tinted proximally or in vague midstripes, sometimes turning entirely pinkish bronze, 23–36 × 5–11.5 mm; outer filaments

1–2 mm; petals light to dark blue-violet, lowest and sometimes lateral 2 purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest beardless, rarely lightly bearded, 15–25

Spikelets narrowly ovate to lanceolate, usually purplish bronze, sometimes greenish purple; rachilla prolongations 0.5-1.9 mm, bristlelike, distal hairs

margins eciliate, auricles 0.5–2 mm; petals white on both surfaces, lower 3 purple-veined, lateral 2 bearded, rarely beardless, lowest 6–12 mm, spur white

440, 441, 468. Trees, 60–150 dm. Stems 1–3 (or 4); bark gray to bronze; winter buds purple, ovoid to ovoid-conic, 5–15 mm, dull, not glutinous, usually densely

distal areoles or sometimes absent or nearly so, tan to redbrown to deep purple, aging gray; major abaxial spines 0–1 (–2), the longest spine spreading

8–2 mm. Disc-florets 19-25; corollas cream to pale-yellow turning reddish purple, sometimes also brownish, 5.2–6 mm, tubes slightly shorter than funnelform

Spikelets 4-8 mm, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, green or partly purple to dark purple; florets 2-5; rachilla internodes smooth, glabrous. Glumes subulate

styles 5, 3–5 mm; ovary apex densely (moderately) hairy (or glabrous). Pomes purple-black, 6–8 mm diam. 2n = 4x. Phenology: Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Jul–Aug

lemmas; calluses webbed; lemmas 2-3.5 mm, lanceolate, partly purple to fairly strongly purple, distinctly keeled, keels and marginal veins short to long-villous

4-6 mm, laterally compressed, broadly lanceolate to ovate, usually dark purple, with 3-5 florets; rachilla internodes smooth, glabrous. Glumes lanceolate

blue or dark purple-violet, reddish purple, or rarely white on both surfaces, usually white basally, lowest and sometimes lateral 2 purple-veined, lateral

Gray Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 405. 1873. Frederick H. Utech Common names: Bronze-bells mountain-bells Endemic Synonyms: Stenanthella occidentalis (A. Gray)

adaxially, upper 2, rarely others, brownish purple abaxially, lowest and usually lateral 2 brownish purple-veined, lateral 2 and sometimes lowest bearded

sparsely small glandular mainly distally; blade dark green (in fall turning bronze-brown), matte, narrowly ovate to broadly elliptic-rhombic or broadly elliptic

appressed (to spreading), very widely ovate (outer) to ovate, dark green, often purple-tipped bractlets in 2 (–3) series, 4–5.5 × 2.5–4.5 mm, white-scarious to

usually eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals white on both surfaces, lower 3 purple-veined, all beardless or lower 3 sparsely bearded, lowest 8–10 mm, spur

both surfaces, without yellow patch basally, lowest and usually lateral 2 purple-veined, lateral 2 and sometimes all densely bearded, lowest 10–18 mm, spur

divergent at maturity. Spikelets 3-5 mm, often purplish, sometimes brownish or bronze. Glumes subequal, 1.5-3.3 mm, shorter than the florets, glabrous; lower

rigorously documented. The taxon can be recognized by its hairy, abaxially purple-spotted and veined leaves, by its non-corniculate phyllaries and calyculus

greenish brown or reddish-brown midstripes and cream, yellow, pink, or reddish purple margins, usually oblanceolate, 10–20 × 4–8 mm, margins entire to irregularly

2–4. Pomes bright red young (mid late Aug), older usually burgundy to deep purple, sometimes almost black (mid Sep), ovoid and 8 mm diam., or orbicular and

is a dark purple. At maturity, the flesh is thin and bitter and the skin usually black. The fall foliage, brilliant lustrous orange, bronze, and red, suggests

mm long, obtuse to acute; lemmas often purple, keels pubescent for 1/3-2/3 their length, apices usually bronze-colored, sharply acute to acuminate; palea