perennials and annuals, glabrous, hispid, tomentose, floccose, hirsute, villous, viscid, or sometimes glandular; taproot usually not woody. Stems spreading to erect
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perennial [annual], often suffrutescent, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes viscid; taproots slender and ropelike to swollen and tuberous. Stems erect to decumbent
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Bacchus, who was described as covered with foam perhaps allud-ing to the viscid secretion covering many species Synonyms: Anotites Greene Atocion Adanson
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in profile rhombic, cordate, or obdeltate, coriaceous, glabrate to viscid puberulent; wings 2–5, opaque, subtly veined, not or only slightly extending beyond
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lobed, serrate, or toothed, faces glabrous (sometimes shiny) or glandular-puberulent, strigose, or tomentose, sometimes glanddotted. Heads usually in corymbiform
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procumbent or ascending (A. wrightii), glabrescent or pubescent, sometimes viscid (A. hirtum, A. reventum, A. trisulcatum). Leaves: stipules usually persistent
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Branchlets angled in cross section, sparsely puberulent or glabrous; leaf blade abaxial surfaces puberulent to villosulous. Ceanothus griseus 30 Leaf margins
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Mentioned on page 83, 93, 97, 144. Herbs or subshrubs. Stems glabrous, puberulent, or retrorsely hairy, rarely glandular-pubescent distally or wholly or
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diams.) Flyriella 26 Annuals or perennials, 30–120+ cm (not viscid, stems usually puberulent, hairs curled); corollas bluish, pinkish, purplish, or white
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axillary fascicles. Cauline leaves 3-6; sheaths glabrous or pubescent, not viscid; ligules shortly membranous and ciliate, cilia longer than the membranous
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Twigs terete, viscid, glabrous or puberulent. Leaves usually in whorls of 3, rarely alternate or opposite; petiole 6–16 mm, usually puberulent; blade oblong
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(apices rounded to acute or attenuate), faces glabrous or sparsely pilose or puberulent, sometimes minutely stipitate-glandular, sometimes resinous. Receptacles
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occur west of the mountains; in the arid regions viscid-pubescent plants occur to the south, less viscid plants to the north. Sympatry and intergradation
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surfaces papillate, scabrous or smooth, glabrous or glandular-puberulent to hairy, puberulent, or finely tomentose, sometimes glabrescent; (abaxial surface
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2-angled proximal to node, viscid, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Leaves opposite; petiole absent or 0.1–2 mm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate or oval to
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Dichanthelium consanguineum 14 Culms glabrous, puberulent, or pilose with papillose-based hairs; nodes glabrous, puberulent to lightly bearded; spikelets glabrous
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expanded, clasping) Senecio lemmonii 10 Herbage viscid-pubescent > 11 10 Herbage glabrous or hairy, not viscid > 12 11 Leaves petiolate (pinnatisect to pinnatifid)
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round, sometimes ± angled in cross-section, flexible to rigid, glabrous, puberulent, or villosulous. Leaves: petiole 3–8 mm; blade flat, ovate to widely elliptic
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rounded to ± cuneate, margins entire, plane, surfaces smooth or scabrous, puberulent or veins finely hairy. Inflorescences panicles, 3–7-branched; immature
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proximal to node, viscid, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Leaves alternate or opposite; petiole absent or 0.1–2 mm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate or oval
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216. Herbs or subshrubs, annual or perennial. Stems erect, puberulent or hispid, not viscid. Leaves: stipules persistent, filiform; blade broadly ovate
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plane, surfaces smooth-papillate, rough, scabrous, glabrous or sparsely puberulent. Inflorescences panicles, 4–7-branched; immature inflorescence pendent
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3–0.6 (–1.2) m. Twigs terete, viscid, puberulent, densely hispid. Leaves alternate; petiole 0.1–1 mm, hirsute-puberulent; blade elliptic to ovate, 0.5–1
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FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 70. Mentioned on page 16. Herbs, annual, viscid-pubescent to nearly glabrous, from slender or stout and ± woody taproots
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eglandular; petiole and rachis with pricklets, puberulent, stipitate-glandular; leaflets 5–7 (–9), viscid glands with ripe apple scent, terminal: petiolule
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few long, flexuous, woolly hairs at proximal nodes, glandular and somewhat viscid distally; small axillary tufts of leaves usually absent. Leaves marcescent
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grayish green, glaucescent, thorn-tipped, round in cross-section, rigid, puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves: petiole 2–8 mm; blade flat to cupped, ovate to elliptic
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2–3 mm, densely and shortly viscid-villous; perianth of pistillate flowers greenish, often blushed with red, 2–3 mm, puberulent. Fruits clavate, 7–10 × 3–4
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2-angled, viscid, glabrous or puberulent in decurrent, ciliolate lines from petiole base. Leaves opposite; petiole 0.1–3 mm, glabrous or puberulent (base ciliate);
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terete, rarely 4-sided (D. pictus), glabrous, puberulent, hirtellous, hirsutulous, glandular-puberulent, or glandular-pubescent to glandular-villous with
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erect, simple or branched, seldom winged (see P. sagittalis), usually puberulent to tomentose and stipitate or sessile-glandular, sometimes glabrous. Leaves
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Shrubs spreading to erect, 0.5–1.5 m. Twigs terete, viscid, sparsely stipitate-glandular, puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves deciduous, alternate; petiole
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petiole; bracts lanceolate to ovate, 5–7 × 3–5 mm, papery, glandular-puberulent to viscid-villous; flowers 8–27. Perianth: tube magenta to greenish, 6.5–18
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acute, faces glabrous or gray, greenish, or yellowish tomentose, sometimes viscid, sometimes gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular; axillary leaf fascicles
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shoots. Stems erect, 5–40 cm, softly pubescent to scabrous, eglandular or viscid-glandular, especially distally, very rarely glabrous, with several pairs
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or cordate, apex acute, obtuse, or round, surfaces glabrous or viscid-puberulent, viscid-villous, or hirsute. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, few branched
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terete, viscid, stipitate-glandular, glabrescent. Leaves alternate (seemingly whorled on slow-growing twigs); petiole 10–30 mm, glabrous or puberulent, sometimes
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Association Stems ± unbranched, stout, 20–80 cm, densely puberulent, glandular-puberulent and viscid distally. Leaves: basal petiolate, blade lanceolate to
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basally minutely puberulent in 2 lines, sparsely or densely spreading-hirsute, or rarely glabrate or glabrous; distally minutely puberulent in 2 lines, sparsely
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brown, not thorn-tipped, round in cross-section, flexible or ± rigid, puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves: petiole 9–32 mm; blade aromatic, flat, widely elliptic
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pedicels, inflated in fruit, 5–14 mm, glandular-puberulent to glandular-pubescent or ribs almost tomentose and viscid, lobes subequal, apex rounded and apiculate
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tomentose to tomentulose, adaxial surface dark green, villosulous or puberulent, glabrescent; usually 3-veined from base, rarely pinnately veined (veins
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(terete, striate when dry), branched (usually glanddotted, farinaceous to puberulent when young). Leaves cauline; all or mostly alternate (at flowering); petiolate
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nearly so, not viscid). Leaves cauline; opposite; petiolate; blades usually 3-nerved from bases, deltate, margins toothed, faces puberulent to velutinous
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green, glabrate or puberulent, especially on veins, sometimes glabrescent, adaxial surface green, dull, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; usually 3-veined
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occasionally swollen, glabrous or densely pubescent, often with a glabrous or viscid ring below; internodes purplish or olive green or grayish-green, to yellowish-green
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to rounded, abaxial surface pale green, puberulent to densely villosulous, veins prominently raised, puberulent to villosulous, adaxial surface dark green
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in proximal 1/2, well branched, 5–10 dm, glabrate to sparsely spreading viscid-pubescent throughout, more densely so distally. Leaves ascending to spreading
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Association Stems often reddish, at least at nodes, short glandular-pubescent, viscid. Leaves: petiole 1–8.5 cm; blade oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 2.5–9.5 × 1–4
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fibrous-rooted. Stems stipitate to sessile-glandular (commonly with eglandular but viscid hairs as well), not arachnose. Leaves petiolate or sessile; blades (succulent
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Mentioned on page 461, 509. Perennials or subshrubs, 30–80+ cm (plants not viscid). Stems decumbent to erect, much branched from bases. Leaves cauline; mostly
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panicles mature. Cauline leaves 4-14; sheaths glabrous or pubescent, not viscid; ligules membranous and ciliate or of hairs; blades with papillose-based
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60. Herbs, perennial, sometimes annual, sparingly glandular puberulent to spreading viscid-villous. Stems often reddish, 0.1–1.5 m. Leaves progressively
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thorn-tipped or not, round or slightly angled in cross-section, rigid, puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves not fascicled; petiole 3–12 mm; blade flat, elliptic
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1–2.5 m. Stems erect, prominently 3-sulcate when young, minutely puberulent, usually viscid (especially in inflorescence). Leaves: stipules subulate, 2–4
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Stems erect, (25–) 50–800 (–1000) mm, usually glandular-puberulent or glandular-pubescent, viscid. Leaves basal and cauline, basal usually in rosette, cauline
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to lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, faces glabrous or ± pilose, puberulent, or strigoso-hispid, sometimes glanddotted. Heads discoid, in dense to
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papery, base ± attenuate, margins glandular-puberulent, often ciliate, or glabrate to lightly glandular-puberulent. Perianth: tube greenish to pink, 6–18 mm
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gland-tipped, plants sticky, viscid) Heteranthemis 8 Stems and leaves glabrous or hairy (hairs not gland-tipped, plants not viscid) > 9 9 Rays proximally white
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on both ends. Fruits also can be smooth and glabrous or hairy, sometimes viscid. None. Arctostaphylos andersonii, Arctostaphylos auriculata, Arctostaphylos
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(throats distinctly indurate and inflated, glabrous or sparsely puberulent with glandular-viscid, hairs blunt). Cypselae 1.4–1.8 mm, 2-nerved, faces sparsely
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Stems erect, simple or several from base, retrorsely puberulent proximally, densely so and viscid distally, with stipitate-glands. Leaves: blade with stiff
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branched from main axis; peduncle 5–10 mm, glabrate or sparsely puberulent or spreading viscid-villous, crosswalls of hairs pale; involucres pale green, widely
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annual. Stems erect, 10–180 (–230) mm, densely glandular-pubescent and viscid. Leaves basal and cauline, basal in rosette, cauline gradually reduced distally;
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(rarely much-branched) from base or above, stout, to 18 dm, puberulent or tomentulose with short, viscid, whitish or brownish hairs. Leaves principally on proximal
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basally truncate to diamond-shaped, occupying distal 1/3, faces glandular-viscid. Receptacles slightly convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets
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indurate-apiculate, surfaces hirsutulous-hispidulous, sometimes abaxially viscid-puberulent and sessile-glandular when very young, glandularity deciduous by maturity;
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sometimes pale lavender, sometimes branched, densely glandular-pubescent, often viscid; flowers numerous; bracts erect to recurved, narrowly oblong-lanceolate
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semierect, slightly to moderately branched, elongate, glandular-pubescent to viscid. Leaves: petiole 0.5–4 cm; blade ovate to elliptic, 2–5 × 1.5–3.5 cm, margins
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elongate, reddish at least basally, glandular-pubescent, rarely glabrous or viscid-pubescent. Leaves: petiole 1–4.5 cm; blade broadly ovate to orbiculate,
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Mentioned on page 220, 221. Herbs, 1 m. Stems erect, puberulent and with simple hairs 2–5 mm, viscid. Leaves: stipules recurved, lanceolate, 7–9 mm; petiole
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tomentulose, rarely glabrate, adaxial surface green, dull, glabrous or sparsely puberulent; 3-veined from base. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, paniclelike
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trullate, margins entire or serrate, serrulate, or toothed, faces hirtellous, puberulent, glabrescent, or glabrous (sometimes shiny), sometimes glanddotted. Heads
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Peduncles 2–5 mm, minutely puberulent. Involucres 3–3.5 (–4) mm. Phyllaries: apices acute, abaxial faces viscid-puberulent and/or sessile-glandular. Corollas
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abaxial surface pale green, sparsely puberulent to villosulous or glabrate, veins prominently raised, puberulent to villosulous, adaxial surface dark green
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long as sepals, glandular-puberulent Flowers: sepals ovatelanceolate, 5–6 mm, margins narrow, apex acute to obtuse, minutely viscid-glandular; petals oblanceolate
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with 2 lines of curved hairs, or evenly puberulent with curved hairs, sometimes also spreading-villous or viscid-villous. Leaves ascending to spreading
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Calyces inflated in fruit, 5–14 mm, glandular-puberulent to glandular-pubescent or ribs almost tomentose and viscid, lobes subequal, apex rounded and apiculate
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densely and shortly viscid-villous]; perianth of pistillate flowers greenish, often blushed with red, 2–2.5 mm, densely puberulent. Fruits clavate, 7–10
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infrequently procumbent, unbranched to few branched, elongate, often whitish, viscid-puberulent to glandular-pubescent. Leaves: petiole 1–4.5 cm; blade lanceolate
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glandular-puberulent. Inflorescences: peduncle longer than subtending petiole; bracts lanceolate to elliptic, 3–5 × 1–3 mm, papery, puberulent to glandular-pubescent;
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1/2+ length, apices narrowly acute, white-spinulose, faces finely scabrous, viscid, minutely stipitate-glandular. Heads in ± open, paniculiform arrays, branches
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semierect, slightly to moderately branched, elongate, often reddish at nodes, viscid. Leaves: petiole 1–9 cm; blade deltate-ovate to elliptic, 2–8 × 2–6.5 cm
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lengths, viscid Symphyotrichum adnatum 34 Stems decumbent, ascending, or erect, not scandent-climbing; distal leaves not adnate to stems, not viscid > 35 35
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annual. Stems erect, 20–900 (–1200) mm, usually glandular-pubescent and viscid. Leaves basal and cauline, basal in rosette, cauline gradually reduced distally;
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branched, elongate, sometimes reddish at base and nodes, glandular-pubescent, viscid. Leaves: petiole 0.5–8 cm; blade ovate to triangular or lanceolate, 3–12
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purple, lavender, or pallid, sometimes branched, glandular-pubescent, often ± viscid; flowers numerous; bracts usually reflexed, lanceolate, 8–15 mm, apex acute
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20–100 mm, distal internodes 1–4 mm, short glandular-villous to glandular-puberulent. Leaves usually cauline, relatively even-sized; petiole present proximally
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erect, freely branched, leafy, elongate, 30–80 cm, scabrid-puberulent and glandular-viscid. Leaves 2 per node; basal long-petiolate, blade oblanceolate
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fibrous-rooted, sometimes rhizomatous. Stems puberulent to sparsely villous and stipitate to sessile-glandular (sometimes viscid). Leaves sessile; blades ovate to
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Herbs, annual. Stems erect, (20–) 30–150 (–180) mm, glandular-pubescent and viscid-villous. Leaves usually cauline, relatively even-sized; petiole absent;
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with long slender rhizomes. Stems 1–20 (–50+), stout, finely puberulent or scabrous-puberulent at least distally. Leaves: basal absent at flowering; cauline
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Herbs, annual. Stems erect, 20–280 mm, densely glandular-pubescent and viscid. Leaves usually cauline, gradually reduced distally; petiole absent; blade
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faces sparsely to densely pilose, not evidently glanddotted. Peduncles viscid-puberulent, pilose, and stipitate-glandular. Involucres ca. 4 × 5–6 mm. Phyllaries
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page 70. Stems often reddish, at least at nodes, short glandular-pubescent, viscid. Leaves: petiole 1–6.5 cm; blade ovate to elliptic-oblong, 1.5–8 × 0.5–5
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usually entire, sometimes ± repand and undulate, surfaces minutely viscid-puberulent. Inflorescences: peduncle longer than subtending petiole; bracts lanceolate
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entire, sometimes slightly repand and undulate, surfaces glabrous or viscid-puberulent. Inflorescences: peduncle longer than subtending petiole; bracts ovate
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densely villosulous to tomentulose, adaxial surface dark green, sparsely puberulent and glandular-papillate; pinnately veined. Inflorescences axillary or
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Peduncles 5–12 mm, densely stipitate-glandular and sometimes also sparsely viscid-puberulent. Involucres 3.5–4 mm. Phyllaries: apices acute, abaxial faces stipitate-glandular
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Treatment on page 503. Mentioned on page 504. Stems viscid to glandular-villous. Peduncles viscid to glandular-villous. Involucres 8–12 mm. Florets 15–28
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