Preface Introduction Credits Morphology of Mosses (Phylum Bryophyta) Economic and Ethnic Uses of Bryophytes Literature Cited
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appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 23. Mentioned on page 20, 21, 24, 27, 57, 73, 74, 75, 119, 312, 387. Herbs, shrubs, or subshrubs. Leaves alternate
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halimolobine Brassicaceae: Evidence from three loci and morphology. Syst. Bot. 27: 318–332. Bailey, C. D. et al. 2006. Toward a global phylogeny of the Brassicaceae
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beaked > 27 27 Ray florets usually neuter or styliferous and sterile; cypsela wings membranous or corky, entire or irregularly thickened Coreopsis 27 Ray florets
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ed. 2, 10: 282. 1924,. Richard H. Zander Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 585. Mentioned on page 477, 480, 527, 599, 632. Plants
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Dumortier Cyrus B. McQueen†, Richard E. Andrus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 45. Mentioned on page 102, 108, 624. Plants with branches
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tribe Barbuleae Herzog Geogr. Moose, 98. 1926 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 519. Mentioned on page 477, 478, 527. Plants green to tan
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worldwide, especially in warm temperate regions Genera ca. 100, species ca. 2000 (27 genera, 292 species in the flora). Orobanchaceae are now defined to include
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and wind-distributed, sometimes thicker and with fleshy elaiosomes. x = 3–27+. Nearly worldwide, primarily tropical regions, widely cultivated Genera ca
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Trichostomoideae Schimper Richard H. Zander Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 476. Mentioned on page 5, 12, 13, 110, 163, 265, 286, 377
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2–18), Callitricheae Dumortier (genera 19 and 20), Cheloneae D. Don (genera 21–27), Digitalideae Dumortier (genus 28), Gratioleae D. Don (genera 29–38), Plantagineae
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serrulate. > 27 27 Distal leaves of culms with front of sheaths green-veined, not differentiated from rest of sheath. Carex sect. Holarrhenae 27 Distal leaves
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plant Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Mentioned on page 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33. Plants typically
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in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 490. Mentioned on page 15, 16, 17, 26, 27, 491, 617. Herbs or rarely vines, perennial, rarely annual, strongly mycotrophic
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Grimmieae),. Roxanne I. Hastings, Ryszard Ochyra Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 205. Mentioned on page 206. Plants acrocarpous. Stems erect
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1829. Luc Brouillet Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 27. Mentioned on page 22, 23, 28. Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs, perennial; armed
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Musc. Eur., 141. 1860 (as Trichostomeae) Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 485. Mentioned on page 477, 489. Plants green to tan. Stem
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Taxa Fissidens Schimper Ronald A. Pursell Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 331. Mentioned on page 9. Plants tiny to robust. Stem,
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evidence for major lineages of helenioid Heliantheae (Compositae). Syst. Bot. 27: 161–198. Barrier, M. et al. 1999. Interspecific hybrid ancestry of a plant
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Volume 9. Treatment on page 18. Mentioned on page 10, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27, 28, 57, 74, 75, 119, 312, 345, 346, 347, 352, 383, 384, 385, 386, 390, 392
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Arnott Roxanne I. Hastings, Ryszard Ochyra Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 204. Mentioned on page 39, 205, 231, 265, 266, 286, 294
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primarily tropical in distribution. Within the Flora region, it is represented by 27 genera and 262 species, with its greatest representation being in the eastern
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Achenes biconvex, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. x = 27–48. Worldwide Species 70–90 (31 in the flora). Carex sect. Phacocystis, while
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all or almost all of their length. > 26 27 Distal lemmas, sometimes all lemmas, awned from below midlength Aira 27 All lemmas unawned or apically awned.
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Symblepharis Schimper Robert R. Ireland Jr. Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 358. Mentioned on page 12, 39, 331, 360, 426, 427, 433
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regions, often in alkaline or saline habitats Genera ca. 100, species ca. 1500 (27 genera, 168 species in the flora). A number of species introduced from Europe
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and warm-temperate New World, also in Old World Genera 170, species 2400 (27 genera, 159 species in the flora). In a survey of Compositae, G. Bentham (1873)
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Hazardia 26 Rays white, light blue, or purple > 27 26 Rays yellow (sometimes drying red-purple) > 32 27 Plants often thorny (thorns green); leaves usually
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in part). > 27 27 Upper glumes 5-9-veined; spikelets subsessile and solitary at the nodes; auricles absent (FNA 24:187) Brachypodieae 27 Upper glumes
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Habroanthus (Scrophulariaceae) II: Series Speciosi. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 77: 12–27. Crosswhite, F. S. 1967c. Revision of Penstemon section Habroanthus (Scrophulariaceae)
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widespread > 27 27 Plants suffrutescent and much-branched basally; leaf blades oblanceolate to elliptic, 0.1-1 cm wide, margins often revolute > 28 27 Plants
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both pistillate and staminate spikelets. > 27 27 Lemmas 9-11-veined; plants of saline habitats Distichlis 27 Lemmas 3-veined; plants of various habitats
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Dryptodon Bridel Hydrogrimmia (I. Hagen) Loeske Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 225. Mentioned on page 205, 206, 224, 226, 238, 241, 242
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Pyramidula Schwägrichen Terry T. McIntosh Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 180. Mentioned on page 195, 199. Plants minute to medium-sized
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(angles roughened) Glyptopleura 26 Stems scapiform > 27 26 Stems leafy > 42 27 Pappi 0 or coroniform > 28 27 Pappi of bristles and/or scales, or of aristate
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intrastaminal nectary-discs, scales, or glands present or absent; stamens [4–] 6–27 [–35]; filaments free or basally adnate to gynophore (or along proximal 1/3–1/2
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endosperm abundant. x = 5–ca. 100. Worldwide Genera ca. 100, species ca. 5000 (27 genera, 843 species in the flora). No consensus exists regarding the number
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Brachydontium, Seligeria Schimper Dale H. Vitt Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 320. Mentioned on page 381. Plants minute and gregarious
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or brown, angled, rarely patelliform, 0.5–3.4 mm. w North America Species 27 (27 in the flora). D. D. Keck (1932) included most species of Penstemon with
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Eriophorum viridicarinatum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 52. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 27. 1754. Peter W. Ball, Daniel E. Wujek Common names: Cotton-grass bog-cotton linaigrette
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connate > 27 26 Capsules ovoid or subglobose to oblong, dehiscent; shrubs or trees. Gossypium 26 Capsules oblate, indehiscent; trees. Thespesia 27 Calyces
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1889,. Roxanne I. Hastings, Henk C. Greven Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 247. Mentioned on page 226, 227, 241, 244, 248. Plants
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Bruchia, Trematodon Schimper Richard H. Zander Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 433. Plants minute or merely small, gregarious to densely
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Polish Mosses, 135. 2003,. Ryszard Ochyra Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 266. Mentioned on page 205, 206. Plants cladocarpous or
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Phyllaries 0 (then outer paleae functioning as phyllaries, in L. discoidea), or 3–27 in 1 (–2) series (lanceolate to lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous
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truncate-penicillate or truncate to rounded-truncate) > 27 27 Phyllaries (4–)5(–6; yellow); Wyoming Yermo 27 Phyllaries (4–)5–30+ (usually green) > 28 28 Corollas
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Ignaz Seliger, 1752–1812, Silesian pastor Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 320. Mentioned on page 327, 381. Plants of calcareous rocks
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Saelania, Trichodon Limpricht Rodney D. Seppelt Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 443. Mentioned on page 360, 377, 383, 433, 444, 467. Plants
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Synonyms: Sphagnum sect. Mollusca A. Casares-Gil Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 61. Mentioned on page 47, 64, 65, 67, 68, 70, 73, 76, 82
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-idium, diminutive, alluding to peristome Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 207. Mentioned on page 204, 205, 206, 218. Plants (3–)
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Phyllary apices acute, obtuse-angled, or rounded; corolla tubes pilose inside > 27 26 Stems glabrous or sparsely pilose; basal (and proximal cauline) leaves
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northern Asia, sporadic in South America and northern Africa Species ca. 220 (27 in the flora). Estes, J. R. 1969. Evidence for autoploid evolution in the
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sometimes absent; sporangial capsules glabrous or occasionally hairy. x = 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36. Nearly worldwide In the broadest sense, Thelypteris
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0–1200(–1700) m; w of Sierra Nevada, California and adjacent sw Oregon. > 27 27 Stem hairs usually eglandular; corolla beaks subequal to or longer than tube;
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Taxa Andreaea Dumortier Richard H. Zander Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 102. Mentioned on page 108. Plants dark green to black
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Central America, and tropical South America, widely cultivated Species ca. 200 (27 in the flora). Specimens of Agave are planted occasionally for their horticultural
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Pyncnosphagnum Müller Hal. Sphagnum sect. Truncata Husnot Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 85. Mentioned on page 47, 89, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100
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hemispheric to conic, shallowly pitted or smooth, epaleate. Ray-florets 0 or 7–27, pistillate, fertile; corollas (usually marcescent) yellow (laminae fan-shaped
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with subapical callus, 1-2 mm. Streptanthus squamiformis 27 Replums constricted between seeds > 28 27 Replums not constricted between seeds (straight) > 30
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inner shoulder) Jefea 27 Cypselae 3–4-angled (weakly or not at all compressed or obcompressed, epidermes usually thick, corky) > 28 27 Cypselae (all or at
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leaf alar regions distinctly delimited > 27 26 Stem leaf alar regions indistinctly or gradually delimited > 28 27 Alar cells not or slightly inflated; plants
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Guembelia Hampe Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 4: 124. 1846 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 233. Mentioned on page 226, 229, 241, 248, 258. Plants
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shorter than sepals; styles usually 4 Moenchia 27 Capsule valves or teeth 2 times number of styles > 28 27 Capsule valves equal in number to styles > 29
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broadly cylindrical, or 2 plump lobes. North America, Eurasia Species ca. 133 (27 species in the flora). Eight of the 14 sections recognized in this subgenus
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lobed; involucres 4–14 mm diam.; disc florets 120–750+; cypselae: ribs 3–5 > 27 27 Cypselae obconic, slightly compressed (usually asymmetric, apices oblique)
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Tetraphis, Tetrodontium Schimper Judith A. Harpel Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 111. Mentioned on page 116. Plants minute and budlike or
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alluding to leaf similarity Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 27. Mentioned on page 12, 13, 19, 25, 33, 40. Herbs, perennial or annual; caudex
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1954. A preliminary study of the genus Chenopodium in North America. Bartonia 27: 1–46. Chenopodium subg. Blitum, Chenopodium subg. Chenopodium "narrower"
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Bryobrittonia, Encalypta Schimper Robert E. Magill Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 170. Mentioned on page 13. Plants small to medium-sized
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incomplete resemblance],. Gary L. Smith Merrill Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 124. Mentioned on page 123, 125, 132. Plants polytrichoid
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1724–1793, apothecary of Hanover, Germany Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 102. Mentioned on page 3, 10, 11, 43, 103, 108, 109. Plants
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Zander Geheebia Husnotiella Trichostomopsis Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 539. Mentioned on page 9, 447, 479, 528, 529, 540, 547
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deciduous. Mainly in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere Species ca. 27 (25 in the flora). K. K. Mackenzie (1931–1935, parts 2–3, pp. 41–53) combined
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obtuse (not auriculate) > 26 26 Fruits drupaceous or baccate > 27 26 Fruits capsular > 33 27 Leaves whorled, opposite, or spirally arranged, blade ± linear
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Offsets not formed from axils of leaves and bracts > 27 27 Sepals connate basally. Sedum ochroleucum 27 Sepals distinct > 28 28 Sepals lanceolate or ovate-elliptic
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1781–1847, German pharmacist and bryologist Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 434. Mentioned on page 433, 437. Leaves not contorted when
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Stenocarpon (Borissova) M. M. Martínez Ortega, Albach & M. A. Fischer (species 27, type V. ciliata Fischer), subg. Pocilla (Dumortier) M. M. Martínez Ortega
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dicranon, pitchfork, alluding to peristome teeth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 397. Mentioned on page 9, 10, 26, 32, 33, 38, 359, 360
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glabrous or not; branches not spikelike, not disarticulating. Spikelets 1-27 mm long, 0.5-9 mm wide, laterally compressed, with (1) 2-60 florets; disarticulation
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Stems glabrescent, smooth to the touch. Mentzelia polita 26 Stems hairy. > 27 27 Margins of proximal leaves entire. > 28 28 Petals 7.4–11 × 2.6–3.4 mm; margins
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cover or veil or lid, alluding to the calyptra Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 172. Mentioned on page 10, 171, 173, 265. Plants small
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Interspecific hybridization. I. Triploid meiosis. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 27: 318–321. Chinnappa, C. C. and J. K. Morton. 1991. Studies on the Stellaria
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Psilopilum Schwägrichen Gary L. Smith Merrill Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 121. Mentioned on page 24, 39, 116, 122, 126, 156, 160
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10, usually 3 mm. Sphaeralcea procera 26 Stems (2–)4–10 dm > 27 26 Stems 1–3(–6) dm > 28 27 Leaf blade surfaces hirsute, sparsely pubescent, or densely
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mm, petals 6–11 mm. Linum compactum 26 Styles 3–11 mm, petals 10–18 mm. > 27 27 Petals coppery yellow or orange, red-lined or with short pale to deep brown-red
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Fürnrohr Protobryum J. Guerra & M. J. Cano Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 586. Mentioned on page 33, 265, 480, 485, 587, 597, 608
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plicatulum 26 Rhizomes long, evident. > 27 27 Plants aquatic; upper florets chestnut brown Paspalum wrightii 27 Plants not aquatic; upper florets dark brown
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ascending, comprising distal 1/2 of inflorescence, longer than 10 cm. Flowers 27–48 per cluster, erect, 4.3–8.1 cm; perianth pink to red or red to orange in
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blades herbaceous, not resinous, not aromatic, adaxial surfaces dull. > 27 27 Leaf blades usually elliptic to lanceolate, sometimes ovate or oblanceolate;
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Achenes biconvex, smaller than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. x = 27–33. Circumboreal, high montane regions of North America, South America, Eurasia
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to oblanceolate > 27 27 Leaf bases of basal and proximal cauline leaves abruptly widened, thickened, and white-indurate Group 22 27 Leaf bases sometimes
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denticulate, at least distal to middle, teeth 5–35 (3–5 in C. otayensis). > 27 27 Sepals and petals white to cream, nectaries tan to brown, yellow to green
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or incumbent. North America, Mexico, Central America, South America Genera 27, species ca. 215 (14 genera, 105 species in the flora). None. Caulanthus,
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Etymology: Greek ephemeros, of short duration Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 650. Mentioned on page 647, 648, 649, 653. Stems absent
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Lower Taxa Timmia Schimper Guy R. Brassard Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 165. Mentioned on page 624. Plants acrocarpous, large.
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Prantl in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 24[III,3]: 12, 27. 1888. Luc Brouillet Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page
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Lower Taxa Archidium Schimper John R. Spence Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 314. Plants small to minute, perennial or ephemeral, sometimes
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dentate-crenate. > 27 27 Pinnae with basiscopic 1/2 much reduced; blades mainly less than 1 cm wide; n North America. Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum 27 Pinnae nearly
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alluding to position of teeth inside capsule Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 182. Mentioned on page 181, 183, 189. Plants small, tufted
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Flowers bisexual, radially symmetric; sepals not persistent in fruit, 4-20 (-27), white, purple, blue, green, yellow, pink, or red, plane, linear to oblong
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