areoles completely separate from flowering areoles in some genera, bearing 0–90 spines, glochids absent. Spines acicular, subulate, daggerlike, ribbonlike
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334. Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes
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flattened distally, 0.2–1.3 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy or papillate, hairs or papillae to 1.5 mm, rarely glabrous; style
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plus 2 series of 25–45 longer, barbellate bristles, mid apically attenuate, 90–95% length of inner, inner apically weakly to strongly clavate [(0.5–in S
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sometimes herbaceous). Receptacles flat to convex, epaleate. Florets (3–) 8–45 (–90); corollas usually white or whitish to cream, sometimes greenish, purplish
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Treatment on page 413. Mentioned on page 12, 16, 402, 417, 421. Perennials, 5–50 (–90) cm, sericeous, tomentose, or glabrous, sometimes sessile or stipitate-glandular
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sessiliflora, Lechea stricta, Lechea tenuifolia, Lechea torreyi Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 90. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 40. 1754. David E. Lemke Common names: Pinweed Etymology:
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capitate, or funnelform]. Fruits capsular, mostly loculicidal. Seeds [1–6–] 15–90 or more, mostly under 2 [–4] mm, mostly ridged or lined. Tropical and subtropical
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sometimes with creeping rhizomes 0.5–1 mm thick, tubers absent. Culms terete, to 90 cm × 2 mm. Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths usually persistent, thinly membranous
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Inflorescences terminal on short-shoots or from axils of previous year’s leaves, 1–64 (–90) [–100] -flowered, racemes, corymbs, umbellate fascicles, 2-flowered fascicles
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present. Flowers rarely unisexual (dioecious in R. setigera or monoecious), 10–90 (–100) mm diam.; hypanthium 2–5 (–10) mm, glabrous, puberulent, tomentose
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rolled into fusiform structure, unmodified, or shortened and oriented at 90° angles to outer leaves. Leaves submersed or both submersed and floating,
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or funnelform. Capsules 3-valved, usually thin, loculicidal. Seeds [1–] 15–90 or more, mealy or translucent, ovoid to cylindric, 0.3–1 (–4) mm, variously
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Mentioned on page 136, 148, 170, 171, 173. Annuals or perennials, (2–) 10–90 (–120+) cm. Stems erect, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves mostly
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mostly linear to filiform, herbaceous). Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets (20–) 45–90 (–160+), bisexual, fertile; corollas lavender, pink, purple, or white, tubes
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FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 14, 53, 54, 82, 88, 90, 303. Herbs, perennial, subscapose, bulbous or rhizomatous, all parts containing
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faces silky (hairs antrorsely ascending to appressed); pappi persistent, of 30–90+ usually whitish to brown or reddish-brown, basally flattened (wider at overlapping
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sometimes orange, paler near teeth, prominent, deeply saccate with 3 lobes at ca. 90° from one another, pouches 6–10 mm wide, 3–4 mm deep, abruptly widening from
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 452. Mentioned on page 8, 451. Annuals, mostly 2–90 cm; taprooted. Stems erect or decumbent, simple or branched from bases or
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ovoid, sometimes subglobose to globose, (0.8–)1–2.5 cm. Melothria 23 Petals 2–90 mm; fruits cylindric to narrowly clavate or globose or depressed-globose to
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population biology in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 90: 151–171. Lysak, M. A. and C. Lexer. 2006. Towards the era of comparative
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Michael J. Warnock Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems (20-) 40-90 (-150) cm; base reddish or not, ± pubescent. Leaves basal and cauline; basal
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 88, 89. Plants to 90 cm (roots fusiform to elongate-turbinate, branched). Herbage
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tapered, or minutely clawed, surfaces glabrous [rarely hairy]; stamens (11–) 13–90; filaments distinct or irregularly connate into groups proximally, dorsiventrally
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names: Eel-grass Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Treatment on page 90. Herbs, perennial, rarely annual, rhizomatous, caulescent; turions absent
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West Indies, Central America, South America, e Eurasia, in Europe Species ca. 90 (77, including 1 hybrid, in the flora). The taxonomy followed here is based
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is native to Eurasia as well as to North and South America, and has about 90 species. None. Bromus anomalus, Bromus ciliatus, Bromus erectus, Bromus frondosus
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oblong-ovate, oblongelliptic, triangular, triangular-ovate, or lanceolate-ovate, 25–90 [–120] mm, pubescent to puberulent, corolla campanulate. Staminate flowers:
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Mentioned on page 189, 190, 194, 204. Herbs. Stems ascending to erect, (2–) 5–70 (–90) cm, glabrous or retrorsely hairy, not glaucous. Leaves basal and cauline
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irregularly in L. portula, placenta and seeds remaining within capsules). Seeds 10–90 (+), obovoid to fusiform or subglobose, to 1 mm; cotyledons ± complanate.
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broader, the other concave, narrower, the different morphologies alternating at 90° at each node, usually hirsute to villous, hairs bristlelike, often gland-tipped;
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purplish nerves, lobes 1/8–1/2 lengths of laminae, ± parallel). Disc-florets 9–90, some bisexual and fertile, the rest functionally staminate; corollas yellow
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mucilaginous, instead containing latex (absent in M. grahamii). Spines [2–] 5–80 (–90) per areole, of every color that cactus spines can, hairlike, bristlelike
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linear to spatulate, distally herbaceous). Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets (20–) 45–90 (–160+), bisexual, fertile; corollas pale lavender, pink, or purple, or white
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curved. > 90 89 Bulb coats reticulate, cells arranged in ± regular vertical rows, narrowly hexagonal to rectangular, transversely elongate. > 91 90 Cells of
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monomorphic, closely spaced to distant, not conspicuously narrowed at tip, to 90 cm. Petiole articulate to stem, straw-colored, somewhat flattened or grooved
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24. Treatment on page 448. Plants usually annual, rarely perennial. Culms 5-90 cm, erect or ascending from a decumbent base, usually glabrous. Sheaths open
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varietyCastilleja densiflora var. gracilis (Bentham) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 68. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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varietyCastilleja campestris var. succulenta (Hoover) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 68. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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Lower Taxa Myrsine cubana Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 196. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 90. 1754 ,. John J. Pipoly III, Jon M. Ricketson Common names: Colicwood Etymology:
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Ertter, Anne Bruneau Basionym: Undefined subg. Hesperhodos Cockerell Nature 90: 571. 1913 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned
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affinis varietyCastilleja affinis var. neglecta (Zeile) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 66. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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and sepals with green lines or veins. > 90 90 Flowers pink or dull brown to purplish; column 8 mm. Deiregyne 90 Flowers various, not pink or dull brown
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having parts in threes Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 51, 54, 56, 91, 97, 101, 110, 113, 150. Herbs, perennial
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leaves) ending just before apex, lamina present into apex > 9 6 Seta curved 30-90° when wet. Seligeria recurvata 6 Seta straight when wet > 7 7 Leaves wiry
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longer than wide, often spreading throughout most of frond; angle of pouch 45°–90°; flowering fronds similar to vegetative ones. Fruits 0.3–0.4 mm. 2n = 40
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appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page 79, 80, 81, 90, 91, 94. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.3–3.5 m. Stems erect, ascending, arcuate, or
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381, 395, 397, 398, 400, 401. Plants not cespitose. Culms acutely angled, 10–90 cm, glabrous. Leaves: basal sheaths redbrown; sheath apex U-shaped; blades
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pubescent, margins entire. Leaves monomorphic, crowded, narrowed toward tip, to 90 cm. Petiole dark-brown to black, round in cross-section except for narrow
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Flora of North America Association Plants annual or biennial (perennial), 30–90 cm, glabrous. Stems erect, usually branched. Leaves (cauline shorter distally);
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glabrous (except at apex). Seeds reddish-brown, ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 cm. 2n = 60, 90. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jun; fruiting Aug–Dec. Habitat: Forests, seasonally
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stipitate-glandular, especially on angles. Leaves: blade narrowly lanceolate, 40–90 × 5–15 mm, smaller distally, base narrowed, apex acute, abaxial surface glandular-pubescent
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sterile and bisexual. Hydrangea 3 Flowers all bisexual. > 4 4 Stamens (11–)13–90 or 150–200. > 5 5 Sepals 4; petals 4 (or 8+ in some horticultural forms);
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pistillate, fertile; corollas white or pinkish to purplish. Disc-florets 12–40 (–90), bisexual, fertile; corollas pinkish to purplish or whitish (glabrous or
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 126. Mentioned on page 127. Plants (20–) 40–90 (–100) cm; caudices woody. Stems 1–4, erect, straight, glabrous or moderately
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ascending to spreading, older deflexed; blades filiform (sulcate to concave), 25–90 × 0.5–3 mm, midnerves obscure to evident, apices acuminate to attenuate, often
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America Association Plants terrestrial or semiaquatic, erect to decumbent, 10–90 cm. Leaves scattered along stem and gradually reduced to sheathing bracts;
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Philadelphia 7: 77. 1834 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 88, 89. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North
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strongly spreading at maturity; lemmas 4-8.5 mm, glabrous, awned, awns 11-90 mm, straight to ascending; paleas 5.5-8 mm; anthers 0.6-1.2 mm. Lateral spikelets
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distally, 0.2–0.8 (–1.1) mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy, hairs to 3 mm, sometimes glabrous; style glabrous. Capsules glabrous
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to ovoid-oblong or obovate, dehiscence basipetally septicidal. Seeds ca. 50–90, linear or narrowly ovoid, ± prolonged to form apiculate tip or elongate appendage
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Flora of North America Association Annuals, rarely perennials, (5–) 10–60 (–90+) cm. Stems branched; hairs stalked, glandular throughout. Leaves: petiole
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gracilis (Piper) C. L. Hitchcock Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Stems erect, to 90 cm, glabrous or puberulent. Leaves: petiole to 11 mm; blade linear to narrowly
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widely spreading to 90°, stiff Luzula divaricata 2 Apex of tepals acute, not reflexed; inflorescence branches spreading less than 90°, lax. > 3 3 Tepals
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prominently tuberculate with tall, shelflike tubercles; bracts of involucres connate 90-100% Mirabilis texensis 17 Fruits sparsely to densely pubescent, hairs 0.1-0
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ascending; pedicel 1–15 mm, usually shorter than bracts. 2n = 18, 36, 54, 72, 90. Phenology: Flowering mostly spring (Feb–Apr; as early as Dec in the south
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rhizomes horizontal. Pitchers persistent, erect, monomorphic, twisted through 90–270°, yellowish green, often suffused with red, distally enlarging into globose
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ovary 2 (–4) -locular; style often persistent in developing fruit; ovules 2–90. Fruits berries, red, purple, purple-black, yellow, or reddish, globose, ellipsoid
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Treatment on page 678. Mentioned on page 670, 671. Stems erect or ascending, 20–90 cm, puberulent and glandular-puberulent or scabrous, often glabrate. Leaves
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flagellacea, Campylopodiella stenocarpa Cardot Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 8: 90. 1908 ,. Jan-Peter Frahm Etymology: Genus Campylopus and Latin -ella, diminutive
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varietyCastilleja ambigua var. insalutata (Jepson) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 67. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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narrowly lanceolate (often chartaceous, scabrellous, often glandular). Florets 40–90; corollas pale yellow-green or cream, often purple-tinged, 6–8 mm. Cypselae
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with scattered hairs. Pedicels ascending, 10–35 mm in flower, recurved, to 90 mm in fruit. Flowers: sepals equal, lobes 1.5–3 × 0.5–1 mm, apex acute; corolla-tube
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or narrowly lanceolate to linear (and then subsessile), proximal blades 10–90 × 1–30 mm, proportionately wider than distal blades (except for linear-leaved
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to prominently 2-ridged abaxially, rarely rounded; staminodes: distal 5–60(–90)% hairy, hairs to 3 mm, sometimes glabrous, included or reaching orifice,
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conspicuous, pouches 3, ± prominent, divergent, saccate, 2–7 × 3–7 mm, (33–) 60–75 (–90) % as long as beak; teeth erect, sometimes spreading, white, pink, purple
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pairs; petals white, fading rose-purple to pink, obovate or obcordate; pollen 90–100% fertile; stigma deeply divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules thick-walled
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6, 12, 18, 394, 402, 403, 462. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, 10–60 (–90) cm; usually taprooted, sometimes rhizomatous. Stems erect to ascending or
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Leaves evergreen, bright green, pale toward base, spirally arranged, to 60 (–90) cm, pliant, gradually tapering to tip. Velum covering less than 1/4 of sporangium
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muscitoxicus (Walter) Regel Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 87. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North
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of North America Association Leaves: petiole 20–150 cm; blade (5–) 10–60 (–90) cm wide. Inflorescences scapose, 30–150 cm, sparsely stipitate-glandular
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scales threadlike, linear, scattered, inconspicuous. Blade lanceolate, 25–90 × 6.5–18 cm; base narrowly cuneate; apex acute. Segments lanceolate, 4–8 mm
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basiscopic lobes of basal pinnae pinnatifid, often deeply so. 2n = 60, ca. 90, 120. Habitat: Chaparral, pine and oak woodlands Elevation: 50–1800 m Generated
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epaleate. Ray-florets 9–36, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 25–90, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, ampliate, tubes ± equaling distally dilated
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(25–) 30–47 (–55) mm; filaments 17–25 mm, anthers 8–23 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 50–90 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. Capsules erect
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Treatment on page 243. Plants perennial; loosely to densely cespitose. Culms to 90 cm, erect to geniculate, not bulbous; nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous or
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Plants perennial; rhizomatous, rhizomes, short, sometimes knotty. Culms 30-90 cm; nodes glabrous, strigose, or with appressed hairs. Sheaths with papillose-based
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20. Treatment on page 611. Mentioned on page 540, 542. Perennials, 10–60 (–90) [–150+] cm (rhizomes sericeous at nodes [glabrous or glabrate]). Stems usually
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(oblong-linear in 96. C. biltmoreana), membranous (to nearly herbaceous in 90. C. intricata), margins stipitate-glandular, rarely shortly so. Flowers (12–)
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often largest at mid-stem or above, reduced in size distally; petiole 3–20 (–90) mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, ovate to orbicular, orbicular-ovate
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20. Treatment on page 529. Mentioned on page 478, 501, 530. Perennials, 10–90 cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous. Stems 1, erect (straight, often reddish),
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Calyces colored as bracts, 5–20 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 4.7–15 mm, 33–90% of calyx length, slightly deeper than laterals or all 4 clefts subequal,
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distal cauline sessile, blades lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, (15–) 40–75 (–90) × (6–) 12–22 (–32) mm, largest at midstem, somewhat reduced to much reduced
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outer of linear to subulate, short (5–15 % length inner) scales, 3 inner of 60–90 white to tan, barbellate bristles, outer apically attenuate, innermost clavate
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522. Plants 1–6 cm. Leaves: basal 3–5, blade lanceolate or spatulate, 20–90 x 5–30 mm, undivided or 1-pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent
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somewhat to strongly clathrate, margins somewhat lighter, entire. Leaves to 90 cm. Petiole slender to stout, to 7 mm diam. Blade broadly ovate, 1-pinnate
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venation pinnate. Sporophores 1–2-pinnate, 2–3 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves green over winter, sporophores seasonal, new leaves appearing
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ellipsoid [reniform]. Fruits capsules, elliptic, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 90–120, brown, ovoid, wings absent. x = 14 or 15. Introduced; Mexico, West Indies
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America Association Leaves 3–5, 30–50 cm; blade keeled, glaucous. Scape 30–90 cm, smooth. Inflorescences umbellate, open, 6–20-flowered; bracts reddish
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unkeeled, glaucous. Scape self-supporting, with occasional bends, 20 (rarely –90) cm, scabrous. Inflorescences umbellate, dense, 6–15-flowered; bracts streaked
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