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tinged pale gold; inflorescences 40– 65 mm; proximal internode 7–20 mm; 2d internode 4–8.5 mm. Carex amplectens 41 Pistillate scales gold to brown, often

septicidal and loculicidal), or irregular. Seeds 15–600, white, yellow, or gold, cylindric, ellipsoid, oblong to narrowly obconic, or irregularly angled

absent. Capsules: dehiscence septicidal. Seeds 150–600, yellowish gold to reddish gold, cylindric, ellipsoid, oblong, ovoid, or irregularly angled. x =

apex acute to truncate. Pistillate scales gold, redbrown, or chestnut-brown, sometimes with green to gold midstripe, lanceolate to broadly ovate, 4.7–6

redbrown, or red-gold, sometimes with green to gold midstripe, ovate, 3.6–4.7 mm, shorter than and narrower or as wide as perigynia, margin gold-hyaline, to

Wunderlin, R. David Whetstone Common names: Cainito Etymology: Greek chrysos, gold, and phyllon, leaf Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 245

small to large, in thin to thick mats, green, yellow-green, orange-green, or gold-green, brown with age. Stems irregularly branched; paraphyllia many, few

or gold 0.15–0.3 mm wide, apex usually acute. Anthers long-persistent. Perigynia appressed to ascending, usually dark-brown, often green or gold distally

fertile culm, 7–22 cm × 2–4 mm. Inflorescences erect, usually dense, green, gold, or dark-brown, 1.8–3 cm8–14 mm; proximal internode 2–3 (–5) mm; 2d internode

attenuate, apex acute to rounded. Pistillate scales reddish-brown or gold, with pale gold midstripe, lanceolate, 4.5–5.8 mm, 3/4 length of and narrower than

2–3.5 mm. Inflorescences stiffly erect, dense or open, greenish brown to gold, 2–4.5 cm × 12–20 mm; proximal internode 2–15 mm; 2d internode 2.5–5 mm;

mm. Inflorescences open, usually dense distally, green, silvery, or pale gold, 4–6.5 cm × 10–18 mm; proximal internode (7–) 10–20 mm; 2d internode 4–8

base and apex acute to attenuate. Pistillate scales gold to redbrown, often with whitish or green to gold midstripe or white tip, ovate to broadly ovate, (3–)

staminate portion 4–14 mm. Proximal pistillate scales pale redbrown with white or gold margins, broadly obovate, 2.3–4.5 (–6.5) × 1.7–4 mm, shorter or longer than

attenuate, apex rounded. Pistillate scales white-hyaline or pale gold, with green, gold, or brown midstripe, lanceolate to ovate, 2.7–3.5 mm, somewhat shorter

attenuate, apex acute to truncate. Pistillate scales gold or red-gold to chestnut-brown, often with green, gold, or whitish midstripe, ovate to broadly ovate

tapered. Pistillate scales white-hyaline or gold, occasionally tinged brownish or green, with green to gold midstripe, lanceolate or ovate, (2.8–) 3.6–4

Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Western chinkapin Etymology: Greek chrysos, gold, and lepis, scale, referring to yellow glands on various organs of the plant

Bot. Agric. 3: 162. 1815. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Common names: Basket-of-gold gold-dust rock-madwort IntroducedIllustrated Basionym: Alyssum saxatile Linnaeus

cm × (1.1–) 1.5–2.6 (–3.1) mm. Inflorescences dense or loosely aggregated, gold to medium brown or occasionally dark-brown, 1.1–2.4 cm × 6.3–14 mm; proximal

scarious with green to gold midvein, obovate to ovate, 2–4 × 1.2–2 mm, apex obtuse to acuminate or, sometimes, awned. Staminate scales gold with pale midvein

cespitose. Culms 20–91 cm. Leaves: sheaths adaxially white-hyaline, sometimes gold tinged near summit, summit U-shaped or zigzag to rounded, prolonged to 3

Guy L. Nesom Etymology: Greek chrysos, gold, and - ome, having the condition of alluding to predominantly yellow-gold heads and corymbs Treatment appears

D. Levsen Common names: Golden-saxifrage dorine Etymology: Greek chrysos, gold, and splenos, spleen, alluding to color of flowers and to alleged medical

ovate to obovate, 1.9–3.5 × 1–1.7 mm, apex acute or obtuse. Staminate scales gold to purple-brown with pale, 2.9–4.5 × 0.7–1.6 mm, midvein ciliate, margins

1823. John C. Semple Common names: Goldenaster Etymology: Greek chrysos, gold, and opsis, appearance or likeness, alluding to yellow corollas Basionym:

lavender, reddish-brown, yellowish-brown, or purple midstripes, white, cream, gold, rose, pink, or purple margins, oblanceolate, 10–45 × 3–10 mm, margins entire

sometimes lax, (29–) 50–135 cm. Leaves: sheaths adaxially usually brown or gold tinged near summits, summits U-shaped, prolonged to 4 mm beyond collar; distal

apex truncate to tapered. Pistillate scales gold to brown, often reddish, sometimes with whitish or gold midstripe, ovate to broadly ovate, 2.7–3.5 (–4)

1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 391. 1754. Guy L. Nesom Etymology: Greek chrysos, gold, and gonos, seed, apparently alluding to the bright yellow, hemispheric capitula

Pistillate scales white-hyaline, tinged reddish-brown, usually with whitish, pale gold, or green midstripe, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2.6–4.3 mm, as

7–10 × 4.5–7 (–9) mm, base and apex truncate to acute. Pistillate scales gold to brown, with whitish, green, or tan midstripe, lanceolate to ovate, 2.4–4

± erect, 10–16 × (2.5–) 3–5 mm. Pistillate scales usually at least partly gold or redbrown with broad scarious margins and tip, sometimes all white, obovate

margin occasionally hyaline gold, to 0.4 mm wide, apex obtuse or acute. Perigynia ascending-spreading to spreading, gold to dark-brown, conspicuously

petals white to cream colored, sometimes with yellow tip and/or base, rarely gold overall, sometimes tinged red in age, narrowly ovate to obovate, 6-19 × 3

virginianum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 920. 1753. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Green and gold IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page

(–5) per fertile culm, 8–25 cm × (2–) 3–5 mm. Inflorescences dense, brown or gold, usually ± triangular, 1.6–3 cm × 12–20 mm; proximal internode 3–5.5 mm;

Al-Shehbaz Common names: Goldentuft rock-alyssum Etymology: Latin aurum, gold, and -inia, colored, alluding to flower Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7

106, plate 15. 1857 ·. Dale E. Johnson Etymology: [[Etymology::Fremont’s-gold [Greek syn, united, trichos, hair, and pappos, pappus]] Treatment appears

or orange to red; stems twisted. Calochortus kennedyi 35 Petals yellow to gold, white, or lavender, usually tinged with lilac; stems not twisted. > 36 36

initially poricidal, later loculicidal and septicidal. Seeds 250–400, white to gold, cylindric. x = [8] 9. Introduced; Asia, Africa, also in Mexico, West Indies

and extending to tip, apex usually obtuse. Perigynia ± spreading, green or gold with redbrown or purple blotches. Phenology: Fruiting summer. Habitat: Wet

Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, Mark A. Beilstein Common names: Flaxweed false-flax gold-of-pleasure Etymology: Greek chamai, dwarf or on the ground, and linon, flax

3–16 cm × 1.5–4 mm. Inflorescences dense, dark-brown, green and brown, or gold, 1.1–2.1 cm × 13–18 mm; proximal internode 1–2.5 (–3.4) mm; 2d internode

6–8 mm, base attenuate, apex rounded to tapered. Pistillate scales reddish gold to brown or greenish, often white-hyaline at tip or base, with pale or green

4, vol. 2. 1754. Guy L. Nesom Etymology: Greek helios, sun, and chrysos, gold, and helichrysos, Greek name for a local species of Asteraceae Treatment

Acad. Arts, n. s. 4: 93. 1849. John L. Strother Etymology: Greek chrysos, gold, and actinos, ray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 232

4(5): 106, plate 15. 1857. Dale E. Johnson Common names: Yellowray Fremont’s-gold yellow syntrichopappus Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment

Rast. 27: 151. 1990. Guy L. Nesom Etymology: Greek xeros, dry, and chrysos, gold, perhaps alluding to phyllaries Synonyms: Bracteantha Anderberg & Haegi Treatment

oblique, margins doubly serrate, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially yellow-gold soft-pubescent, pubescence absent from axils of veins, adaxially yellow-green

without spots, 18–150 cm; glands present on at least some nodes, green, gold, brown, or rarely white, to 0.5 mm diam. Turions common, soft, lateral or

aging dark gray, subequal or 1–6 (–7) much longer to 3 cm; sheaths whitish or gold to brown, moderately loose. Glochids yellow-tan to redbrown in dense adaxial

Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 48. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: False-gold groundsel Endemic Basionym: Senecio pseudaureus Rydberg Bull. Torrey Bot

anthers and filaments, less than 1/2 size of fertile stamens. Capsules greenish gold, ovoid, obreniform, or oblong, 1.5–2.8 × 1.5–2.5 cm. Seeds 9–13 mm. Phenology:

slightly compressed, without spots, 4–75 cm; glands rarely present, black to gold, to 0.5 mm diam. Turions uncommon, lateral or terminal, 0.9–2.5 cm × 0.6–2

ciliate-serrulate at least on distal body, without metallic sheen; beak gold, gold-brown, redbrown, or brown at tip, flat, ± ciliate-serrulate or cylindric

attenuate, apex acute or rounded. Pistillate scales whitish green or gold, with greenish to gold midstripe, lanceolate or ovate, 5.8–7.6 mm, ± equaling perigynia

mm, if not folded, margins revolute. Inflorescences usually dense, stiff, gold to brown or brown and green, 1.5–3.5 (–4) cm × 10–15 mm; proximal internode

2–3 (–4) mm. Inflorescences usually open, often nodding, whitish, green, or gold to dark-brown, occasionally beaded, (1.7–) 2.5–5 cm × 10–15 (–17) mm; proximal

acute to rounded. Pistillate scales hyaline brown, occasionally with green or gold midstripe, lanceolate, 3.4–4 mm, shorter and narrower than perigynia, apex

mm, each subtending flower. Flowers 2-ranked, sessile; scales green with gold-hyaline margins; perianth bristles 6–9, 4–7.5 mm, stiff; stamens 3, longer

campanulate, 1–3.5 × 1–3 cm; outer tepals with purple midstripes and cream or gold (rarely pink) margins, oblanceolate, 10–25 × 5–8 mm; inner tepals yellow

152. 1906. Guy L. Nesom Etymology: Greek oreios, of mountains, and chrysos, gold Synonyms: Haplopappus sect. Oreochrysum (Rydberg) H. M. Hall Solidago subg

356, 648, 652. Plants small to medium-sized, in thin mats, yellow-green, gold-green, or green. Stems irregularly branched; paraphyllia many on branches

mm. Pistillate scales glossy dark purple with narrow hyaline margins,often gold adaxially, usually ovate, apex obtuse to long-tapered (rarely ciliate-awned)

Pistillate scales reddish to brown with green or gold center, sometimes with distal margins white or pale gold, 0.1–0.3 (–0.5) mm wide, apex short-tapered with

spikes appressed to ascending. Pistillate scales green or gold with distal margins white or pale gold, 0.7–1 mm wide, apex long or short-tapered with awn to

Staminate scales gold with white margins, oblong-lanceolate, apex obtuse to acute. Perigynia 3–15, erect to appressed, white to gold, broadly obovate to

Arts 1: 49. 1847. Curtis Clark Common names: Hairy desert-sunflower desert-gold Illustrated Synonyms: Geraea canescens var. paniculata (A. Gray) S. F. Blake

to rounded. Pistillate scales redbrown or chestnut to coppery, with green, gold, or light-brown midstripe, usually ovate, 2.4–3.9 mm, shorter than perigynia

broadly oval, 0.8–1.3 (–1.9) cm; areoles obdeltate, 5–7 (–10) × 2.5–4 mm; wool gold to tan, aging gray to black. Spines 0–12 (–18) per areole, at most areoles

conspicuous staminate base. Pistillate scales white-hyaline with white, green, or gold center, broadly lanceolate, 2.3–3.8 mm, shorter than and narrower than perigynia

Brittonia 28: 245, fig. 1. 1976. James L. Reveal Common names: Eureka or July gold Etymology: for Mary Caroline DeDecker, 1909–2000, noted California conservationist

lanceolate, 5–9 cm × 6–11 mm, subequal. Flowers: perianth pale creamy yellow with gold or gray veins; floral-tube funnelform, 3–6.2 cm, spreading apically to form

mm. Proximal pistillate scales pale redbrown or golden brown with white or gold margins, broadly obovate, 2–4 (–4.7) × 1.7–3.3 mm excluding awns, apex obtuse

stems slightly compressed, without spots, 35–90 cm; glands yellow-green to gold, 0.2–1 mm diam. Turions terminal, abundant, 3.5–7.8 cm × 2.3–5.1 mm, soft;

flat between lateral-veins, glabrous; fall leaves turning bright red and gold. Inflorescences on fertile shoots 15–30 mm with 3–4 (–5) leaves, 1–3 (or

Acad. Arts 19: 20. 1883. Dale E. Johnson Common names: Pinkray Fremont’s-gold Lemmon’s syntrichopappus Endemic Basionym: Actinolepis lemmonii A. Gray Notes

on distal body, without metallic sheen, dull to slightly shiny; beak tip gold or redbrown to dark-brown, cylindric, unwinged, at least 1 mm, ± entire for

Flowers: perianth deep red-purple, lavender, gray-blue, cream, or white, with gold signal and blue or purple veins; floral-tube 1.5–2.8 cm, usually widening

apex usually rounded. Pistillate scales usually reddish-brown, or green or gold in shade-forms, with 3-veined green or brown midstripe, ovate, 4–5 mm, equaling

fertile culm, 10–30 cm × 1.2–4.2 (–6.5) mm. Inflorescences dense or open, gold to dark-brown, 0.9–2.8 cm × 6.7–16.3 mm; proximal internode 0.7–4.5 (–9)

attenuate, apex truncate to tapered. Pistillate scales redbrown, red-gold, or gold, with pale-brown or whitish midstripe, lanceolate to broadly ovate, 4

28 (1 in the flora). Meusel, H. and A. Kästner. 1990. Lebensgeschichte der Gold- und Silberdisteln. Monographie der Mediterran–Mitteleuropaischen Compositen-Gattung

concinnum Bentham Pl. Hartw., 300. 1849. Norman K. B. Robson Common names: Gold wire Endemic Synonyms: Hypericum seleri R. Keller Treatment appears in FNA

elliptic, 1–1.7 cm, apex usually flared to slightly recurved; nectaries green, gold, or yellow, lanceolate, less than 1/3 tepal length; style obviously branched

stems terete to slightly compressed, without spots, to 57 cm; glands white to gold, 0.2–0.3 mm diam. Turions: unknown. Leaves submersed, spirally arranged,

fertile culm; 15–45 cm × 2–3 (–4) mm. Inflorescences ascending, dense, green to gold or brown, (1–) 1.4–2.5 cm × 9–17 mm; proximal internode 1.5–4 mm; 2d internode

acute to acuminate, apex truncate. Pistillate scales white or gold-hyaline with green or gold midstripe, lanceolate to ovate, to 3.5–4.5 mm, shorter than

2–4 (–7) per fertile culm, 8–25 cm × (2.5–) 3–4 mm. Inflorescences dense, gold or brown, 1.3–3 cm × 12–20 mm; proximal internode 0.5–3.9 (–5) mm; 2d internode

(–2.5) mm, if not folded, margins revolute. Inflorescences dense or open, gold to dark-brown, 1.7–3 cm × 11–18 mm; proximal internode 4–8.6 mm; 2d internode

folded, 14–50 cm × (2.3–) 3–5 mm. Inflorescences usually dense, greenish or gold, usually oblong, 1.9–5 cm × 12–19 mm; proximal internode 2.5–5 (–7) mm; 2d

and filaments, less than 1/2 length of fertile stamens. Capsules greenish gold, ovoid to obovoid to obreniform, 1–3 × 1–3.5 cm, varying continously in size

whitish. Corollas: throat magenta to dark purple, inside with longitudinal gold markings basally, adaxial lip magenta, palate ridges golden yellow, tube-throat

without spots, 60–120 cm; glands absent or rarely present, when present, gold, 0.3 mm diam. Turions common, terminal or lateral, 4–7.5 × 2–4.5 cm, firm;

stems compressed, without spots, 10–135 cm; glands green, greenish brown, or gold, to 0.7 mm diam. Turions terminal or lateral, common, 1.5–5 cm × 1.5–4 mm

erect-divergent, the longest to 18 mm; sheaths uniformly whitish or tipped yellow to gold, slightly baggy. Glochids in inconspicuous adaxial crescent, yellow, to 1

4.5–5 mm; wool tan to yellow, aging gray. Spines 12–25 (–30) per areole, gold to pale-brown, aging dark-brown, longest to 3 cm; sheaths translucent yellow

upper glumes 2-6 mm; lemmas 2-4 mm, purple and/or green proximally, green to gold distally, the purple portion usually less than 1/2 the surface area, awns

rounded to attenuate, apex truncate to tapered. Pistillate scales gold to brown, with pale to gold midstripe, lanceolate to ovate, 3.1–3.8 mm, shorter than and

× 1.5–2.5 (–3) mm, thick, tough. Inflorescences dense to ± open, whitish, gold, or brown, (1.5–) 2–3 (–3.7) cm × 6–12 mm; proximal internode 4–11 mm; 2d

yellow to red, apex usually flared to slightly recurved, nectaries green, gold, or yellow. Fritillaria eastwoodiae 14 Style branches strongly recurved;

apex usually rounded. Pistillate scales usually white-hyaline or hyaline gold, occasionally chestnut to dark-brown, with pale to green midstripe, ovate

12–65 cm × 1.3–3.7 (–4.6) mm. Inflorescences dense to open, green and brown, gold and brown, or brown, 1.3–3.5 cm × 7–23 mm; proximal internode 2–3 (–4.5)

crescent, dark yellow, to 1 mm. Flowers: inner tepals yellow-green, yellow to gold or bronze, or red to rose or magenta, spatulate, apiculate; filaments yellowish

well-developed spikes 2–11 mm. Pistillate scales white-hyaline, with green to gold midstripe, ovate, 4–5.2 mm, as long as and narrower than perigynia, margins

terete, without spots, 27–95 cm; glands white, green, greenish brown, or gold, to 0.3 mm diam. Turions terminal or lateral, common, 2.5–4.8 cm × 0.8–2

apex acute. Pistillate scales whitish to yellowish, with 1-veined, green to gold midstripe, or white almost throughout at maturity, ovate, 4.4–6 mm, longer

proliferating (or chain of 2 in C. davisii) > 18 15 Flowers yellow-green, yellow to gold or bronze, or red to rose or magenta; tubercles narrowly elongate; stems

tuft, yellow to brownish white, to 6 mm. Flowers: inner tepals yellow to gold, commonly darker to red near base, broadly spatulate, 30–40 mm, apiculate;

near existing and former gold-mining camps, and was most likely introduced with shipments of baled hay in the early years of gold mining.” Plants with appressed

regional. Beyond the recognized varieties, sporadic forms exist with yellow or gold fruit or anthocyanic anthers. Crataegus arborescens Elliott from northern

Cotoneaster transens 5 Leaf blades 8–28 mm; fall leaves turning bright red and gold; styles and pyrenes 2(or 3). Cotoneaster nitens 5 Leaf blades 33–45 mm; fall

1 Pomes yellow, gold, or orange > 2 1 Pomes orange-red to deep red > 4 2 Inflorescences: branches sparsely villous; hypanthia hairy proximally; fruiting

revegetation. Rhizomes purchased from Manitoba have been used to stabilize gold mine tailings in Ontario. In Wisconsin, it was planted for erosion control

Mexico (Sonora) Plants of Sairocarpus nuttallianus are unique in having gold-colored hairs in the mouth of the corolla. D. M. Thompson (1988) recognized

and Elymus glaucus. It is known from two locations, near Ucluelet and along Gold River, both on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. None

California counties, growing in disturbed sites, including grazed meadows and old gold tailings. It has also been recorded from Mississippi; it is not known whether

goatgrass, Aegilops cylindrica, often grows with wheat, Triticum aestivum; gold-of-pleasure or false-flax, Camelina sativa, grows with flax, Linum usitatissimum