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tufts or fringes, lemma apices shortly to deeply bilobed, lobes often setaceous, midveins often extended as awns, awns usually geniculate, basal segment

Stems subterranean, usually vertical, fleshy. Leaves grasslike; blade linear to setaceous. Scape usually shorter than leaves. Inflorescences depauperate racemes

species, usually equal to subequal, sometimes unequal, usually linear-lanceolate to linear, setaceous, or subulate, sometimes oblanceolate to obovate, (0) 1-7-veined

tendrils simple [branched]. Leaves petiolate; stipules leaflike to minutely setaceous, margins entire, serrate, or deeply cleft, sometimes glandular; blade (2)

appendage, distal with distinct blade, glabrous; ligules absent; blades setaceous to involute or flat. Inflorescences terminal, sometimes pseudolateral,

base; margins incurved, serrulate to nearly entire near apex; leaf apex setaceous; costa single, excurrent, broad, filling 1/5–1/2 of leaf base and most

weakly to moderately pungent, sparsely to moderately hairy; stipules linear-setaceous, 3–5 × 0.5 mm, eglandular; petiole glandular, glands emergent protuberances;

when dry, spreading to recurved when moist, elongate-oblong to linear-lanceolate or linear-subulate, widest at or near the base; base hyaline, oblong, erect;

Leaves: stipules (sometimes deciduous), 3–8-palmatifid, threadlike, or setaceous; petiole without pulvinus (usually longer than leaflets); leaflets (1 or)

differentiated, central strand present or absent. Leaves linear or setaceous [lanceolate or linear-lanceolate]; base undifferentiated, narrowed to insertion;

persistent, 2–3, 4–7-veined, lanceolate to ovate, ± equal, apex attenuate to setaceous. Flowers urceolate to campanulate, 6–12 mm; tepals erect, dark reddish

densely soft-hairy. Leaves not pungent, densely soft-hairy; stipules linear-setaceous, 2–5 × 0.5 mm, eglandular; petiole eglandular; blade roughly symmetric

2–3-pinnatisect, primary lobes linear to linear-cuneate, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces puberulent (little, if at all, setaceous at bases, on teeth, or

mostly opposite (distal alternate); blades linear, margins coarsely toothed, faces glabrous (bases ± setaceous, oil-glands scattered along midveins). Heads

bases indurate and glabrous, glume bodies 5-10 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, linear to setaceous, 1-3-veined, margins firm, awns 15-125 mm, scabrous, sometimes split

minutely puberulent. Leaves not pungent, minutely puberulent; stipules linear, 2–5 × 0.5–1 mm, eglandular; petiole eglandular; blade roughly symmetric

young. Leaves not pungent, glabrous or minutely puberulent; stipules linear-setaceous, 1–2 × 0.5 mm, eglandular; petiole eglandular; blade roughly symmetric

interspersed with chlorocysts; plants yellowish or greenish; clusters of linear, twisted brood leaves in axils of upper leaves. Brothera 3 Hyalocysts sometimes

old, densely hairy. Leaves not pungent, densely soft-hairy; stipules linear-setaceous, 3–5 × 0.5 mm, eglandular; petiole glandular, glands small, emergent

absent, lateral tufts of hair at junction of blade and sheath; blades mostly linear or filiform, coarsely ribbed, usually longer than sheaths, 1 mm wide or

erect-flexuose to falcate-secund, spreading at ca. 30º, 3–8 mm, often deciduous, setaceous, auriculate at base, subtubulose to tubulose throughout, margins entire

mostly linear, compressed or thickened, rarely onefacial. Involucral bracteal blades (more common than scales in Fimbristylis) are linear to setaceous, abbreviated

distinguishable, about 6-10 mm long, (0.2) 0.3-0.5 (0.7) mm wide, linear-setiform to setaceous, entire, widening or parallel-sided above the base, 1-3-veined

sheaths brown to redbrown, glabrous, or scabrid along ribs; blades narrowly linear, 0.7–1 mm wide, flat or involute, glabrous or scabrid along ribs, margins

persistent as linear fibers. Culms to 80 cm × 4 mm, scabrous. Leaves: sheaths all with blades, fronts smooth, red spotted, indistinctly linearly veined, apex

bracts persistent, 2, 4–6-veined, lanceolate, ± equal, apex acuminate, setaceous. Flowers stellate, 7–12 mm; tepals spreading, pink or less commonly white

University Culms 17-50 cm. Blades 7-20 cm long, 5-11.5 mm wide, bases rounded, setaceous apically. Influorescence branches 1.5-10 cm, in whorls of 2-5, either subdigitate

distal; proximal laminal cells laxly oblong-hexagonal; medial cells linear to linear-rhomboidal; distal cells broader; apical cells short to long-rectangular

mm, gregarious in abundant, persistent, matted protonemata. Leaves setaceous to linear-lanceolate, 1.1–0.23 × 0.12–0.2 mm; margins serrate to strongly spinose;

to globose or short-cylindric, 2–5 mm; fertile scales lance-linear to oblong-linear, 1.5 mm, glabrous, midrib strongly excurrent, erect to excurved cusp

Culms erect to arching, leafy, linear to filiform, nearly triangular. Leaves ascending, overtopped by culm; blades flat, linear to filiform, to 1.8 mm wide

curled tips when dry, flexuose to widespreading when moist, longlanceolate to linear-lanceolate, broadly to narrowly concave or nearly plane proximally to more

3–8 mm, often deciduous, abruptly narrowed from an ovate base into a setaceous subula, subtubulose proximally, channeled distally, margins serrulate to

deciduous, somewhat abruptly narrowed from an ovate to oblong base into a setaceous subula, subtubulose proximally, channeled distally, margins entire proximally

Leaves flexuose, erect, or widespreading, not 3-ranked, long-lanceolate to linear; margins plane; laminal cells long-rectangular, surface not bulging-conic

Leaves overtopped by culm; blades linear to filiform, channeled, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, margins deeply involute, apex setaceous. Inflorescences: spikelet clusters

peduncles ascending, branches ascending; leafy bracts setaceous at apex, exceeding compounds, setaceous bracts often exceeding ultimate clusters, imparting

Leaves alternate, spreading to ascending; stipular glands absent; blade linear-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 5–10 × 1–1.5 mm, margins entire, not ciliate

Culms erect or excurved, linear, leafy, trigonous, slender. Leaves slightly to much exceeded by culm; blades ascending, narrowly linear, proximally flat, 1–3

leafy racemes, flowers solitary in axils; bracteoles lanceolate-linear or setaceous, 2–6 × 0.3–0.8 mm, attached on pedicel just proximal to base of ovary

obtuse-angled to subterete, wiry. Leaves overtopped by culm; blades narrowly linear, proximally flat, 1–2 mm wide, distally tapering-triquetrous. Inflorescences:

serrate, each of proximal pair of teeth usually prolonged into caudate-setaceous point 3–5 mm, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or sparsely hirsute

Culms erect or excurved, filiform to linear. Leaves erect or excurved, shorter than scape; blades filiform to linear, to 1.5 mm wide, margins involute, apex

erect to excurved, leafybased, narrowly linear, ± terete. Leaves shorter than culm; blades ascending, narrowly linear, proximally flat or margins slightly

unknown; spathe bracts persistent, 2–3, 4–6-veined, ovate, ± equal, apex setaceous. Flowers campanulate, 6–9 mm; tepals erect, white to pink, becoming deep

not shredding at tip, apex obtuse; blade light green to rarely brown, linear-setaceous, not arcuate, 1.5–11 cm × 0.1–0.4 (–0.6) mm, base slightly tapering

slender, soft. Leaves exceeded by inflorescence; blades erect or ascending, linear, proximally flat, 2–4 mm wide, apex trigonous, subulate, tapering. Inflorescences:

3–8-veined, lanceolate to lanceovate, ± equal, apex long-acuminate to setaceous. Flowers urceolate, 10–18 mm; tepals erect, deep reddish purple, linearlanceolate

delicately fibrous, not shredding at tip, apex obtuse; blade pale green, linear to phyllodial, not arcuate, 5–16 cm × (0.25–) 0.3–1 mm, base slightly tapering

exceeded by culm; basal blades crowded, spreadingexcurved, distal ascending, linear, proximally flat, 3–5 mm wide, apex trigonous, shortsubulate. Inflorescences:

mid basal laminal cells quadrate in 1 row, becoming long-rectangular to linear, papillae 4–8, in 1 row, walls ± thin to thick, not to moderately porose

to D. uncinatum in size, and both species have slender, linear-lanceolate leaves with setaceous apices and long-excurrent costae; in D. capillaceum the

tawny. Leaves: stipules deciduous, narrowly deltate, 1–1.5 × 0.3–0.5 mm, setaceous; petiole 0–1.5 cm; blade usually lanceolate, elliptic or broadly elliptic

when dry); erect and weakly spreading when moist, narrowly lanceolate to linear, narrowing gradually into the distal region until contracting into a narrower

distinguishable branches, 10–20 × 6 cm; proximal internode to 10 mm; proximal bracts setaceous, apparent. Scales hyaline. Perigynia pale-brown, redbrown distally, 10–12-veined

perichaetial leaves with smooth subula. Bryoxiphium 6 All leaves with papillose, linear subula. Distichium 3 Leaves attached all around stem (foliate stems sometimes