Volume 20. Treatment on page 174. Mentioned on page 16, 413. Perennials, 2–30 (–60) cm (mat-forming or cespitose [pulvinate]; branched caudices, taproots ± well-developed)
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flushed purple-maroon, 8–30 (–60) cm, sparsely or densely hairy, hairs mostly simple, bristly, to 3 mm. Leaf-blades unlobed, 1.5–6 cm, margins crenate-dentate
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Association Stems 1.5–4 cm diam., internodes 3–10 cm; scales orange, brownish, or golden, denticulate. Roots from under surface. Petiole 30–60 cm, essentially glabrous
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appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 186. Mentioned on page 5. Shrubs, 30–60 cm (rounded). Stems erect (bark whitish), intricately branched, becoming leafless
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Plants to 30–60 cm; bulb 2–4 × 2–3 (–4) cm. Leaves: sheaths 3–6 mm, membranous; blade deep green, linear to ligulate, 30–50 (–70) × 0.5–2 cm, apex obtuse
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Flora of North America Association Plants 30-60 cm, glabrous or sometimes sparsely pilose proximally. Leaves 2-12 cm; blade with primary lobes 5-13, remote
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glabrous or finely puberulent. Leaves with pungent odor of horseradish; 30–60 cm, leaflets distributed on 4–8 pairs of pinnae; pinnae largest near base
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 488. Mentioned on page 460. Perennials, 10–30 (–60) cm (rhizomatous; aquatic to subaquatic). Stems decumbent or erect (sometimes
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attenuate apices. Leaves 30–60 (–100) cm. Pinnae bright green and shiny adaxially, 4–10 (–12) pairs, ovate-attenuate, usually falcate, 4–8.5 cm, leathery, sometimes
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Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 30–60 cm. Roots 2–3 mm diam. Stems subterranean, short. Leaves green at anthesis
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Mentioned on page 5, 400. Plants (5–) 10–30 (–60) cm. Leaves basal (often withering) and, usually, cauline, 1–6 (–10) cm; largest blades ± 3-dimensional, not
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Annaliese Miller Copyright: Utah State University Plants winter-annuals. Culms 30-60 cm. Leaves green. Spikes green. Central floret sessile to subsessile; lemmas
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 167. Mentioned on page 8, 168. Subshrubs 30–60 cm; taproots stout, bases woody, branched. Stems strictly erect, mostly simple
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Leaves 30-60 cm; petiole 3.5-12 cm. Leaflets (7-) 11-17, ovate to lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, ± symmetric, (2.5-) 5-11 (-17.5) × 1.5-6.5 cm, margins
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page 245, 246, 247, 252. Shrubs or subshrubs. Stems ascending to erect, 30–60 cm, glaucous. Leaves: cauline 6–12 pairs, sessile or short-petiolate, (12–)
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Culms to 30 (–60) cm. Leaves: blades 2–4 mm wide. Inflorescences 2–6 (–8) cm; proximal internode 10–40 mm; peduncle of proximal spikes exserted to 4 cm; proximal
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simple distally, 15–30 (–60) cm. Leaves: petiole 1/2 as long as to equaling blade; blade ovate or rhombic-ovate, 1–2.7 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate to broadly
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials, 10–30 (–60) cm (caudices 1–2 cm diam.). Stems contracted, at soil surface or ± subterranean (except
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 30-60 cm. Basal leaves 2-3×-ternately compound, 10-35 cm, much shorter than stems; leaflets green adaxially
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Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Culms to 17 cm. Blades 30-60 cm long, 6-12 mm wide. Branches 4-14 cm long, 7-15 mm wide, spikelets closely imbricate
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Association Biennials or perennials (rarely flowering first-year), 10–30 (–60+) cm. Stems arachno-villous (gray to gray-green). Heads in ± loose to crowded
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on page 10, 13, 14, 211, 214, 222, 231. Annuals or perennials, (5–) 30–60 (–200) cm (sometimes becoming shrubby through shoot persistence, with camphor
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Treatment on page 319. Plants (15–) 30–50 (–60) cm; bulbs progressively renewed over 3–4 years, 2–3 × 2.5–3.5 cm; bulblets numerous. Leaves (3–) 4–6;
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Perennials (perhaps flowering first-year, usually rhizomatous), (10–) 30–60 (–100+) cm (aerial stems usually proximally tomentose and distally stipitate-glandular)
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translucent; blades 30-60 cm long, 6-20 mm wide, both surfaces smooth or adaxial surfaces scabridulous. Panicles 15-45 cm long, to 30 cm wide, open; branches
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20. Treatment on page 533. Mentioned on page 469, 534, 537. Perennials, 30–60 cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous. Stems 1–6, ascending to erect, glabrous or
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plicate, with scattered hairs on each surface. Panicles 30-60 cm, lanceoloid; branches 2-5 cm, stiff; bristles solitary, usually present only below the
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (15-) 30-60 cm; base usually reddish, glabrous to glaucous. Leaves basal and cauline;
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America Association Plants annual. Stems erect, simple or branched, (6–) 20–30 (–60) cm; internodes glabrous or midstem ones slightly scabrous. Leaves: sheath
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University Plants perennial; cespitose, without rhizomes or stolons. Culms (10) 30-60 cm, erect, unbranched. Leaves mostly basal; sheaths mostly glabrous, margins
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inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 30–60 cm. Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 5–10 × 1–3 cm, usually ca. (3–) 5–7 times as long as
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in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 500. Mentioned on page 493. Shrubs, 30–60 cm. Stems intricately branched, hirtellous, sparsely glanddotted. Leaves alternate;
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Illustrator: Cindy Roché, Linda A. Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Culms 30-60 cm, usually slender, sometimes to 2 mm thick. Sheaths glabrous or sparsely
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Volume 22. Herbs; nodes with 2 roots. Leaves: sheath 4–20 cm, margins not overlapping; blade 30–60 cm ´ 1–4 mm, margins serrulate distally, apex obtuse to truncate
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linear-lanceolate, margins dentate. Petiole 30–60 cm. Blade ovate, 2-pinnate to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, 50–100 × 15–50 cm, base ± narrowed, apex abruptly acuminate
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Treatment on page 509. Mentioned on page 460, 507. Perennials or subshrubs, 30–60 (–100) cm. Stems erect, much branched. Leaves cauline; mostly opposite (distal
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Flora of North America Association Plants 30–60 (–80) cm, usually robust. Stems erect. Basal leaves 100–450 × 20–60 mm. Heads usually borne singly, sometimes
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Linda A. Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Culms 60-120 cm, from knotty rhizomes. Leaves 30-60 cm, junction of the sheath and blade inconspicuous abaxially;
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Treatment on page 443. Mentioned on page 435, 436. Biennials or perennials, 30–60 cm (monocarpic; sometimes with sparingly branched, woody caudices). Stems
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on page 123. Plants 30–60 cm. Stems sprawling to weakly erect, strigose to hirsute. Leaf-blades ovate or 3-lobed, 1.5–4 × 1–1.5 cm, bases broadly ± cuneate
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Treatment on page 523. Mentioned on page 521. Perennials or subshrubs, 15–30 (–60) cm (not cespitose), aromatic (caudices woody). Stems 1–10, erect, gray-green
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FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 494. Mentioned on page 493. Perennials, 30–60+ cm (rhizomatous). Stems 1, erect, branched distally, proximally glabrate,
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 41. Mentioned on page 39, 40, 42. Perennials, 30–60 cm (rhizomes branched). Stems ascending to erect, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular
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page 548. Perennials, 30–60 cm. Stems erect, glabrous. Leaves opposite; petioles 25–70 mm; blades broadly ovate-deltate, 4–8 × 5–9 cm, (thin, delicate) bases
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Herbs, annual, cespitose, rarely solitary, (4–) 10–30 (–60) cm. Stems compact. Leaves in fans, 2–10 (–15) cm; sheath base greenish to pink; blade green or red-tinged
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appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 66. Mentioned on page 64. Annuals 30–60 cm. Stems ascending. Leaf-blades: middle and distal lanceolate-deltate, margins
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Gray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 533. Plants 30–60 cm. Cauline leaf-bases often clasping. Heads usually 5–15. Phyllaries green
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appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 73. Mentioned on page 72. Plants 30–60 cm. Leaves crowded, gray; blades 1-nerved, linear, 20–40 × ca. 1 mm, faces
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Michael J. Warnock Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems (17-) 30-60 (-100) cm; base reddish or not, glabrous to puberulent. Leaves scattered or mostly
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(when dry), fibrous. Stems mostly erect, sometimes reclining, (20-) 30-60 (-150) cm, glabrous, from rhizomes or branched caudices. Leaves mainly cauline
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small clumps. Culms reddish-brown to dark maroon at base; flowering-stems 30–60 cm, much longer than leaves at maturity, 1–1.3 mm thick, sparingly pubescent
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on page 3, 9, 12, 18, 458, 459, 461, 462, 466. Annuals or perennials, 2–200 cm (colonial or cespitose, usually ± strongly heterophyllous, usually eglandular
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Subshrubs or perennials, 30–60 cm cespitose; rhizomes woody, elongate, branched. Stems 1–20+, erect, branched
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(15–) 30–60 cm, sparsely pubescent proximally, viscid-glandular distally. Leaves mostly basal; blade linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, 2–8 cm × 2–6 (–15)
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Caudices simple, 1–15 × 1–4 cm, axillary branches absent. Leaves: rosettes solitary, not in clumps, 10–35-leaved, 5–30 (–60) cm diam.; blade ± chalky white
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blades 30-60 cm long, 14-28 mm wide, glabrous at maturity. Peduncles 40-60 cm, pilose; panicles 3-10 cm wide, oblong to lanceolate; rachises 15-34 cm, densely
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sheath 0.5–5 cm, blades 30–60 cm × 6–11 mm. Spikes: proximal pistillate spikes 2–5 per culm, ± separate, 20–75-flowered, cylindric, 3–8 × 2–3 cm; terminal
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Association Perennials, 10–30 (–60+) cm. Aerial nodes proximal to first peduncle usually 1–3 (–5+), distalmost 1–3 internodes 1–2 (–8+) cm. Leaves: basal and cauline
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hairs to 7 mm. Panicles (25) 30-60 cm long, 25-40 cm wide, broadly ovate to obovate, open, diffuse; primary branches 5-25 cm, diverging 20-90° from the rachises
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the base. Panicles (25) 30-60 cm long, 15—45 cm wide, broadly ovate to obovate, open, diffuse; primary branches mostly 5-25 (32) cm, diverging 20-90° from
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (15-) 30-60 (-80) cm; base usually reddish, puberulent. Leaves distribution variable; basal
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flat, 4–45 cm × 2.5–6 mm. Inflorescences 6–19 cm, 1.4–2.2 times longer than proximal bract; proximal bracts 2–9 cm; sheath 0.6–2 cm, blade 1.5–7 cm; proximal
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Linny Heagy Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials, 30–60+ cm; rhizomatous and/or fibrous-rooted (rhizomes or caudices erect to horizontal)
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Conservation concernEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems (7-) 15-30 (-60) cm; base reddish, glabrous to puberulent. Leaves mostly on proximal 1/3 of
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 535. Mentioned on page 472. Perennials, 30–60 cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous. Stems 1–5+, ascending to erect, densely puberulent
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Treatment on page 441. Mentioned on page 435, 436. Biennials or perennials, 30–60 cm (monocarpic; sometimes with sparingly branched, woody caudices). Stems
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Mentioned on page 207. Annuals, (5–) 10–30 (–60+) cm. Leaves: petioles 3–20 mm; blades usually rounded-deltate overall, 10–30+ × 5–20+ mm, 1–2-pinnatisect, ultimate
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Culms 30-60 cm, slender. Sheaths pilose-pubescent to nearly glabrous; blades 7-28 cm long, 2-9 mm wide, pilose or glabrous. Panicles 10-20 cm long, 3-9
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Linda A. Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Plants cespitose. Culms 30-60 cm, erect; lower nodes sometimes hispid. Sheaths scabridulous, rounded; ligules
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compressed, without spots, 30–60 cm; glands rare, when present, brown to green, 0.1–0.3 mm diam. Turions terminal, rare, 2.8–3 cm × 1.5–3 mm, soft; leaves
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Perennials or subshrubs, 30–60 (–90) cm. Stems erect (woolly). Leaves (proximal alternate): blades rhombic to obovate, 2–6 cm, 1-pinnately lobed (lobes
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1st-order inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 30–60 cm. Leaf-blades narrowly linear-lanceolate, 6–17 × 1–3 cm, usually ca. 7–10 times as long as wide, widest
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (25-) 30-60 (-80) cm; base sometimes reddish, puberulent. Leaves basal and cauline; basal
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427, 433. Biennials or perennials (perhaps flowering first-year), 15–30 (–60) cm. Stems erect, usually reddish, sometimes stramineous, glabrous. Cauline
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Mentioned on page 148, 245, 246, 247. Herbs. Stems ascending to erect, (30–) 60–100 cm, slightly glaucous or not. Leaves: basal and proximal cauline 20–165
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (20-) 30-60 (-90) cm; base reddish, glabrous. Leaves mostly on proximal 1/2 of stem; green
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Flora of North America Association Plants loosely cespitose. Culms (10–) 30–40 (–60) cm, smooth. Leaves 3–5 mm wide. Inflorescences: proximal bracts shorter
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Mentioned on page 96, 243. Stems (20–) 30–40 (–60) cm, glabrous or scabrous proximally. Leaves (7–) 10–25 pairs, (3–) 5–30 (–40) × 0.5–1 (–2.5) mm, blade base
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culms; cespitose, rhizomes occa¬sionally present, shorter than 1 cm. Culms (25) 30-60 (70) cm, unbranched, mostly smooth, sparsely scabrous beneath the panicles;
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Volume 19. Treatment on page 501. Mentioned on page 499. Subshrubs, 30–60 (–70) cm (aromatic). Stems erect to ± decumbent at bases, tomentose. Leaves mostly
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Mentioned on page 389. Annuals, 30–60 cm. Stems scabrous to glabrate, not stipitate-glandular. Leaf-blades lance-linear, 30–70 × 2–8 mm. Involucres ± cylindric
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Heagy Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 12–40 cm (short form) or 30–60 cm (tall form); slender, fibrous-rooted, rhizomelike bases, strongly
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concern Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 394. Herbs, 30–60 cm. Stems sparsely puberulent or scabrous on angles only at base of plant
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20. Treatment on page 315. Mentioned on page 314. Stems ascending-erect, 30–60 cm, densely hirsutulous (hairs spreading-deflexed, sometimes ascending-strigose)
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distance before abruptly diverging; heads usually 10–30(–50)(–100+ rarely, in aberrant plants); plants 30–60+ cm; rays occasionally lighter yellow with age (damp
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Association Annuals, (15–) 30–60 (–150) cm. Leaves: petioles 10–30 mm; blades lanceolate to lance-linear overall, 30–80 (–150) × 10–30 (–50) mm, usually laciniately
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Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page 65, 95, 100. Perennials, 10–45 (–100) cm (taproots slender or massive, thick or thin-barked; caudices unbranched or
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America Association Stems erect, spheric to ovoid-cylindric, 30–90 (–250) × 30–60 (–100) cm; ribs (15–) 21–32, shallowly notched immediately above each
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Illustrator: Copyright: Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. Culms 30-60 cm, bases orangebrown; nodes 3-6; basal branching intravaginal. Sheaths mostly
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials, 30–60 (–100+) cm. Leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate, 30–350+ × 20–120+ mm, margins usually crenate to serrate
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America Association Annuals (sometimes biennials or perennials), (5–) 30–60 (–80) cm. Stems 1, ascending to erect, usually branched distally, sometimes proximally
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Copyright: Utah State University Plants loosely cespitose, rhizomatous. Culms 30-60 cm. Sheaths closed for about 3/4 their length, glabrous or scabrous-pubescent
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axillary shoots below 1st-order inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 30–60 (–80) cm. Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate, 10–20 (–22) × 1–3.5 (–4.5) mm, usually
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 165. Mentioned on page 163, 166. Plants 30–60+ cm; caudices branching; vascular-bundles and petiole bases marcescent (attached
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Volume 19. Treatment on page 293. Mentioned on page 281, 282, 283. Plants 30–60 cm. Stems proximally usually glabrous, sometimes piloso-hirsute (hairs 1–5+
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in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 111. Mentioned on page 107. Plants 30–60+ cm (perennating bases ± erect, internodes not winged). Leaves all or mostly
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Stems (20–) 30–60 cm. Leaves: basal axils ± densely tomentose, terminal lobes (4–) 10–30 mm; cauline (2–) 3–8. Heads 5–60. Peduncles 2–8 cm. Phyllaries
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FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 196. Perennials, 10–30 (–60) cm. Internodes (± mid-stem) 1–4 (–5+) cm. Leaves mostly cauline; opposite; petioles 0–1 mm,
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20. Treatment on page 601. Mentioned on page 577, 578, 579. Perennials, 30–60+ cm; taprooted (caudices relatively thick, weakly ascending or erect), sometimes
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with short rhizomes. Culms 30-350 cm. Sheaths glabrous; blades 30-60 cm long, 2-8 mm wide. Peduncles 0.7-7 cm; rames 1.5-2.5 cm, 1 almost sessile, the other
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