632. Shrubs or trees, 5–70 (–100) dm, usually main trunk dominant. Stems: trunk bark usually dark-brown to dark gray or black, sometimes ashy gray, highly
22 KB (1,233 words) - 13:46, 30 July 2020
3-beaked. Seeds (50–200), usually dark-brown, ovoid, smooth, wrinkled, or tuberculate. x = 7. w North America Tellima R. Brown [unranked] Lithophragma Nuttall
11 KB (517 words) - 12:55, 30 July 2020
or gold 0.15–0.3 mm wide, apex usually acute. Anthers long-persistent. Perigynia appressed to ascending, usually dark-brown, often green or gold distally
8 KB (675 words) - 01:57, 30 July 2020
America Association Trees to 50 m; trunk to 4 m diam. Bark usually dark reddish-brown to light-brown with shallow furrows. Branchlets mostly with leaves in
3 KB (435 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
indurate, usually broadly elliptic to obovate, margins enclosing the edges of the paleas, apices obtuse, somewhat woolly-pubescent, usually dark-brown at maturity;
8 KB (842 words) - 03:58, 30 July 2020
Leaves monomorphic to somewhat dimorphic, crowded, 8–35 cm. Petiole usually dark reddish-brown, with single groove adaxially, glabrous, with single vascular-bundle
8 KB (357 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Creeping roots usually dark-brown or black, with scaly adventitious-buds. Stems ± cobwebby-tomentose
6 KB (731 words) - 20:01, 29 July 2020
vernation noncircinate. Petiole usually dark-brown, rounded adaxially. Blade ovate-deltate to oblong-lanceolate, usually 4-pinnate at base, 1.5–8 cm wide;
7 KB (507 words) - 00:32, 30 July 2020
of stem. Leaves scattered, 7–30 cm; vernation noncircinate. Petiole usually dark-brown, rounded adaxially. Blade lanceolate to ovate-deltate, 3–4-pinnate
7 KB (495 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
1-year old usually golden green to tan, sometimes deep reddish-brown or gray-brown, older graying; thorns on twigs usually numerous, usually ± recurved
20 KB (1,294 words) - 13:44, 30 July 2020
pubescent basally; anthers red to maroon, oblong to oval. Achenes usually included, dark-brown to deep maroon, not winged, globose-lenticular, glabrous. Seeds:
8 KB (627 words) - 10:53, 30 July 2020
moderately frequent, straight to recurved, 1-year old usually dark reddish-brown to blackish, usually shiny, usually slender, 2.5–5 cm. Leaves: petiole length (16–)
12 KB (860 words) - 14:42, 30 July 2020
spikes 8–22.5 × 1.4–4.6 mm. Scales: pistillate scales pale or usually dark reddish-brown, with narrow white margins, ovate to lanceolate, 2.7–4.3 × 0.8–2
8 KB (659 words) - 01:23, 30 July 2020
saccate basally, (setulose proximal to apex); petals yellow (usually with dark-brown, maroon, or purple veins), obovate, claw differentiated from blade, (apex
8 KB (600 words) - 12:21, 30 July 2020
glabrous adaxially; scales concolored to obscurely bicolored, usually dark reddish-brown throughout, broadly ovatelanceolate, clathrate, more than 0.5
6 KB (479 words) - 00:32, 30 July 2020
8–45 cm; vernation noncircinate. Petiole usually dark-brown, rounded adaxially. Blade oblong-lanceolate, usually 4-pinnate at base, 1.5–8 cm wide; rachis
7 KB (527 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
persistent. Leaves clustered, 7–30 cm; vernation noncircinate. Petiole usually dark-brown, rounded adaxially. Blade oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 3–4-pinnate
7 KB (511 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
of stem. Leaves scattered, 7–35 cm; vernation noncircinate. Petiole usually dark-brown, rounded adaxially. Blade oblong-lanceolate, 3–4-pinnate at base,
8 KB (566 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
of stem. Leaves scattered, 7–30 cm; vernation noncircinate. Petiole usually dark-brown, rounded adaxially. Blade oblong-lanceolate to ovate-deltate, 4-pinnate
7 KB (537 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
bases of leaves hard, leathery, usually dark-brown or castaneous; sheaths distally bristlyciliate, backs chestnut-brown, glabrous; ligule absent; blades
8 KB (572 words) - 01:31, 30 July 2020
conduplicate, usually rectangular-oblong, usually ± 3-toothed, sometimes entire, apices sometimes reddish or purplish). Ray-florets usually 5–30+ (–100+
32 KB (1,118 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
121. Mentioned on page 8, 124, 126, 131, 137. Herbs, annual or perennial, usually cespitose, rhizomatous or not. Culms sometimes solitary, scapose, stiff
13 KB (547 words) - 01:31, 30 July 2020
Plants usually on rock. Stems compact to long-creeping, ascending to horizontal, usually branched; scales brown to black or often bicolored with dark central
22 KB (1,068 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
Association Stems short-creeping, usually 2–4 mm diam.; scales usually uniformly dark-brown to black or rarely with narrow, light-brown margins, linear-lanceolate
7 KB (570 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
suborbiculate to broadly ovate, ovatelanceolate, reniform, or triangular, usually deeply to shallowly palmately (3–) 5 (–7) -lobed, sometimes unlobed or 2-lobed
15 KB (1,114 words) - 11:41, 30 July 2020
3–10 × 1.1–2.3 mm. Scales: pistillate scales pale to, usually, dark reddish-brown to purplish brown, with similarly colored or narrow white margins, ovate
8 KB (667 words) - 01:23, 30 July 2020
subequal, largest tubercle almost as wide as inner tepal. Achenes usually dark reddish-brown, 1.5–1.8 × 1–1.4 mm. 2n = 20. Phenology: Flowering early summer–early
8 KB (806 words) - 10:06, 30 July 2020
1–2.8 cm, margins dentate, oil cells on abaxial surface conspicuous, usually dark-brown. Flowers: petals 4–5.5 (–8) mm. Capsules 16–38 mm. Phenology: Flowering
4 KB (670 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
whenever Cystopteris species occur together, hybridization is likely; hybrids usually have shriveled and malformed spores. (2) Species of Cystopteris frequently
13 KB (711 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
trunks 1–few, usually ± erect, bark plated, ± exfoliating; compound thorns on trunks sometimes present; thorns on twigs determinate, usually numerous, straight
8 KB (677 words) - 14:35, 30 July 2020
6.5–7.2 mm, lobes yellow; anthers usually dark-brown to black (rarely reddish-brown), appendages dark or reddish-brown. Cypselae 3.5–5 mm; pappi of 2 aristate
7 KB (757 words) - 23:17, 29 July 2020
reddish-pubescent for 1–2 years. Buds hidden by leaves or exposed, usually dark-brown, ovoid, small, not resinous or with resin drop near tip, apex rounded;
9 KB (788 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
acute-acuminate (mid phyllaries ± keeled near apices), inner oblong, laminae usually dark-brown, sometimes purplish (at stereome-lamina junction), apices rounded
7 KB (556 words) - 20:37, 29 July 2020
ovoid or ovoid-elliptic, (15–) 20–50 cm, smooth, flesh usually white, sweet. Seeds usually dark-brown to black, sometimes whitish, ovate to ovate-elliptic
8 KB (623 words) - 11:42, 30 July 2020
15–30 mm. Disc-florets 40+; corollas 4.2–5.5 mm, lobes yellow; anthers usually dark-brown to black, appendages yellow. Cypselae 3–3.6 mm, glabrate; pappi of
7 KB (728 words) - 23:17, 29 July 2020
plane as the radial spines, dull white to dark gray or reddish-brown to dark-brown, usually with dark-brown to purplish black tips; inner central spine
10 KB (998 words) - 09:25, 30 July 2020
then 1 much larger, almost as wide as inner tepals). Achenes usually dark reddish-brown to almost black, 1.25–1.5 (–1.8) × 1–1.3 mm. 2n = 20. Phenology:
8 KB (806 words) - 10:06, 30 July 2020
at least on distal body, pithlike tissue usually present in proximal perigynium walls; beak usually dark-brown at tip, cylindric, unwinged, ± entire for
8 KB (689 words) - 01:56, 30 July 2020
straight, erect, ascending to deflexed, yellow to dark-brown to black, turning gray, pink-gray to gray-brown, longest (35–) 40–90 (–185) mm; if ± 2 kinds:
11 KB (845 words) - 09:18, 30 July 2020
striate below the nodes. Sheaths usually shorter than the internodes, smooth or scabridulous, usually with dark-brown necrotic spots, flat and spreading
8 KB (895 words) - 04:39, 30 July 2020
mm; stamens 3 or 6, anthers 1/2–3/4 filament length. Capsules usually exserted, dark-brown, 1-locular, ovoid to oblong, (3.2–) 3.5–6.1 mm, apex acute to
8 KB (503 words) - 00:58, 30 July 2020
pubescent or glabrous, 1-year old usually shiny, dark-brown, older gray; thorns on twigs 1-year old shiny, deep brown to blackish, often black-tipped, stout
9 KB (1,056 words) - 14:42, 30 July 2020
corollas (usually present) usually yellow to orange, sometimes ochroleucous or cyanic to reddish, purplish, or brown. Disc (inner) florets usually bisexual
30 KB (1,803 words) - 22:30, 29 July 2020
perennial; usually rhizomatous, often cespitose, sometimes mat-forming, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 2-300 cm, erect, geniculate, or decumbent, usually herbaceous
42 KB (1,621 words) - 04:38, 30 July 2020
reddish tinged, glabrous, 1-year old usually shiny, dark-brown, older gray; thorns on twigs 1-year old shiny, deep brown to blackish, often black-tipped, stout
14 KB (1,559 words) - 14:41, 30 July 2020
constitute an involucre, usually number 5–21(–50+), usually are unequal (outermost usually shorter than the inner), and usually are arranged ± imbricately
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
variously ornamented (usually cristate or rugose). Gametophytes green, aboveground, obcordate to reniform, sometimes asymmetric, usually glabrous (glandular-farinose
15 KB (634 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
dehiscence septicidal between beaks. Seeds 5–200, tan, brown, dark-brown, black, yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, or red, rarely winged (Astilbe, Jepsonia, Sullivantia)
27 KB (1,591 words) - 13:14, 30 July 2020
inflorescences were usually spicate or racemose, although more complex inflorescences occurred, especially in Asia. Subgenus Indocarex usually had bisexual spikes
80 KB (3,349 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
when usually dark, but freshly exposed ± russet, sometimes deeply corrugated and dark gray-brown, or smooth, thin and exfoliating, when usually pale,
26 KB (2,400 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
falling, usually 8–40+ in 2–4+ series, usually distinct, usually lanceolate, linear, orbiculate, or ovate, subequal or unequal (outer usually shorter,
21 KB (800 words) - 22:59, 29 July 2020
present or often absent. Seeds 1–60+, yellowish or tan to dark red or often brown or black, usually reniform or triangular to circular and laterally compressed
11 KB (765 words) - 10:56, 30 July 2020
ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces usually hairy (often hispid to scabrellous), often glanddotted. Heads usually radiate, sometimes discoid, borne singly
10 KB (633 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
Drupes red, reddish-brown, or brown, globose or depressed-globose, (exocarp coriaceous, rarely thin), smooth, (mesocarp usually dry, mealy, rarely absent
41 KB (2,034 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
faces usually hairy and glandular (glands sometimes elaborate, apices sometimes gland or spine-tipped). Heads usually radiate, rarely discoid, usually in
15 KB (799 words) - 23:36, 29 July 2020
cymiform, or paniculiform arrays. Calyculi usually of 3–8 (–21+) bractlets or bracts (usually ± herbaceous, usually shorter than phyllaries and/or reflexed
12 KB (744 words) - 23:22, 29 July 2020
large, lax to dense, in tufts or mats, dark green, yellow-green, golden green, or orange, sometimes reddish-brown or nearly black, often lustrous. Stems
15 KB (450 words) - 07:51, 30 July 2020
43. Plants small to large, in tufts, cushions, or mats, dark green, reddish-brown, or olive brown, dull. Stems erect-ascending and often 2-fid, or creeping
14 KB (382 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
sides prominently veined or not; beak terminal, straight, 2-4 mm. Seeds dark-brown to black (often appearing white because of air in seed-coat cells), rectangular
9 KB (574 words) - 08:34, 30 July 2020
stramineous to dark-brown, margins scarious, involute, clasping the paleas; upper paleas indurate, smooth to slightly rugose, stramineous to dark-brown. Caryopses
22 KB (1,167 words) - 04:18, 30 July 2020
3–25+, neuter; corollas yellow or orange, brown-purple, maroon, or reddish, sometimes bicolor (orange, brown-purple, maroon, or reddish plus yellow, laminae
9 KB (600 words) - 23:53, 29 July 2020
promptly drying. Seeds (0–) 5–3000+, yellowish, reddish, brown, black, or appearing tan or whitish (dark testa completely covered by pale, tough, glabrous or
40 KB (1,967 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
or hairy. Stems 1–20+; bark reddish, reddish-brown, gray-brown, or dark gray; long and short-shoots usually present; thorns present or absent. Leaves deciduous
43 KB (1,828 words) - 14:17, 30 July 2020
groups); staminate usually of 10–20+ (usually ± clavate, sometimes capillary, barbellate to barbellulate) bristles; pistillate usually of 12–20+ (capillary
38 KB (2,648 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
valvate or circumscissile, or drupaceous. Seeds 1–45, brown, reddish-brown, black, or white, usually angular; embryo straight or curved; endosperm copious
11 KB (679 words) - 13:07, 30 July 2020
post-mature petals pale paper brown; stamens (5–) 10 or 20 (–47), rarely ca. 15, anthers pink to purple or white to cream. Pomes usually red, sometimes yellow
28 KB (995 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
Plants usually on rock. Stems compact to long-creeping, ascending to horizontal, usually branched; scales brown to tan or often bicolored with dark, central
15 KB (692 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
anatropous or campylotropous, bitegmic, usually crassinucellate, rarely tenuinucellate. Fruits usually capsular, usually 2-valved ((3 or) 4 (–6) in Rorippa
107 KB (3,718 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
tardily dehiscent (D. pictus). Seeds 100–2000, yellow to olive green or dark-brown, ovoid to oblong, flattened, wings absent. x = 8, 9, 10. w United States
28 KB (1,133 words) - 19:01, 29 July 2020
vines), perennial, deciduous or evergreen, usually autotrophic, sometimes mycotrophic (subfam. Monotropoideae), usually chlorophyllous and autotrophic, sometimes
33 KB (1,383 words) - 13:10, 30 July 2020
subterranean, usually green and photosynthetic, some without chlorophyll and saprophytic. Roots subterranean or aerial, tuberoid or stolonoid, usually with spongy
41 KB (2,210 words) - 05:19, 30 July 2020
ovate to lanceolate, usually petaloid and glabrous; petals 3, distinct, usually longer and broader than sepals, sometimes clawed, usually hairy adaxially,
21 KB (685 words) - 05:34, 30 July 2020
Eleocharis sect. Parvulae), terminating rhizomes or among culm bases. Culms usually spongy with incomplete transverse septa, seldom hollow with complete transverse
37 KB (456 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Plants usually densely cespitose, rarely colonial, short-rhizomatous. Culms brown at base. Leaves: basal sheaths somewhat
57 KB (937 words) - 01:54, 30 July 2020
distinct, (usually green to whitish green, rarely stramineous) ovate to lanceolate, unequal, margins and apices (usually green or white, rarely dark-brown or black)
14 KB (1,396 words) - 20:45, 29 July 2020
cespitose or not, often scaly-rhizomatous. Culms procumbent to erect, usually trigonous, wiry to stout. Leaves basal and cauline, polystichous, mostly
38 KB (1,253 words) - 01:40, 30 July 2020
stoloniferous; roots brown or black without yellowbrown felty covering. Culms purple or red at base. Leaves: basal sheaths usually fibrous; sheath fronts
15 KB (557 words) - 02:02, 30 July 2020
apices spreading to erect, usually spine-tipped, innermost usually with erect, flat, often twisted, entire or dentate, usually spineless apices (distal portion
60 KB (2,205 words) - 13:43, 10 February 2021
fimbriate or plumose. Achenes included in accrescent and usually veiny perianth, tan to dark-brown, unwinged to weakly winged, 3-gonous, sometimes compressed-3-gonous
41 KB (1,085 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
yellow to brown, redbrown to gray, or black, sometimes partly to wholly white chalky (chalkiness disappearing when wet), aging gray to dark-brown to black
34 KB (1,067 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
teeth to divided to base, or a usually indehiscent utricle; carpophore sometimes present. Seeds 1-150 (-500+), often brown or black, sometimes white or yellowish
29 KB (1,113 words) - 10:14, 30 July 2020
pneumatophores, usually branched. Leaves cauline, usually alternate, rarely opposite; stipules present, often deciduous, usually dark reddish green; usually petiolate
30 KB (1,654 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
(1–) 3–6 (–30) bristles and/or scales, usually falling off with fruit; stamens usually (1–) 3, rarely more, usually distinct; anthers basifixed; pistils
24 KB (775 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
internodes usually hollow. Sheaths usually open for most of their length, sometimes closed; collars without tufts of hair on the sides; auricles usually absent;
45 KB (1,179 words) - 03:07, 30 July 2020
FNA Volume 23. Plants cespitose or not, short to long rhizomatous. Culms brown or redbrown at base. Leaves: basal sheaths fibrous or not; sheath fronts
16 KB (761 words) - 02:00, 30 July 2020
Bark gray to dark-brown or black, smooth or furrowed. Leaf-blade lobed or unlobed, margins entire or toothed, teeth if present usually bristle-tipped
23 KB (617 words) - 08:21, 30 July 2020
purplish brown, pink, or red, spheric to narrowly obovoid, usually 20–30 mm, juicy, drying quickly, scales minute; areoles spiny, spine clusters usually deciduous
24 KB (1,147 words) - 09:19, 30 July 2020
thorn-tipped or not. Leaves alternate; stipules deciduous, thin; blade usually herbaceous, sometimes leathery, margins entire or teeth gland-tipped, at
15 KB (437 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
[–180] dm. Stems 1–25, erect, ascending, spreading to prostrate; bark usually dark gray, smooth; short-shoots present or absent; unarmed; glabrous or tomentose
31 KB (1,652 words) - 14:31, 30 July 2020
green, occasionally blackish green distally, yellowbrown to dark-brown proximally. Stems usually to 2 cm, occasionally branching; rounded-pentagonal in transverse-section
26 KB (1,447 words) - 07:08, 30 July 2020
capitate. Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 500–2000 (–5000), tan to dark-brown, rarely black, irregularly globular or ovoid to oblong-ellipsoid, prismatic
22 KB (1,669 words) - 19:24, 29 July 2020
fragmentation. Stems usually erect or decumbent; branches usually flexible at base, usually not glaucous, (dull to highly glossy). Buds usually alba-type, sometimes
52 KB (888 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
ovary superior, usually green, 3-locular or 6-locular with false septa, 6-lobed; style white to dark green, often thick; stigmas usually 3, sometimes 1
17 KB (687 words) - 06:11, 30 July 2020
forms, usually with distinct capitulum; green, whitish, pale, yellow-green to light brownish, rarely dark-colored. Stems green, brown, dark-brown to occasionally
17 KB (673 words) - 06:50, 30 July 2020
637. Plants small to large, usually in stiff, loose mats, dark green to golden brown. Stems creeping or ascending, usually regularly 1–3-pinnate, not stipitate;
11 KB (469 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
terminal; stigmas 1, usually capitate (rarely truncate). Fruits capsular, dehiscence valvate or operculate. Seeds 1–200+, brown or black, angular or rounded
12 KB (662 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
distinct or connate; stigmas capitate. Achenes included or exserted, brown or dark-brown to black, not winged, discoid, biconvex, 2–3-gonous, or spheroidal
10 KB (671 words) - 10:11, 30 July 2020
monomorphic, base usually asymmetric, rarely symmetric, margins entire or variously toothed, surfaces glabrous or hairy; venation usually palmate or palmate
36 KB (819 words) - 18:21, 29 July 2020
apophyses, which at the time of seed-shed are cream to light brown or gray—rather than light red-brown. They are distinguished from each other as follows: P.
29 KB (1,428 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
reddish to dark or very dark-brown, rarely tan to chestnut, older gray or gray-brown, sometimes dark purple-brown; thorns on twigs usually few, straight
17 KB (1,102 words) - 13:45, 30 July 2020