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Schumann) Monteiro Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 310. Mentioned on page 215, 217, 239, 311. Herbs, annual or perennial, subshrubs

649. Plants perennial; usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 20-310 cm, erect, much-branched distally. Leaves not aromatic; ligules membranous

× 2–5 mm. Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets 10–80; corollas usually yellowish, sometimes whitish, 2.2–7 mm, tubes 1–2.5 mm, throats campanulate, 1–3 mm, lengths

bracteoles absent. Pedicels present. Flowers 2–4 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets 4; hypanthium urceolate, 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent;

de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 310. 1836. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Lazydaisy Etymology: Greek aphanes, obscure

soft, and thrix, hair Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 310. Mentioned on page 219, 309, 349, 360. Annuals or perennials, 2–70 (–200)

skirrhobasis de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 310. 1836 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 352. Mentioned

(usually each with abaxial purple stripe), 13–20 mm; outer ligules exserted 8–14 mm. Cypselae ± prismatic, 1.4–2.5 mm, ribs extending to apices (± muriculate at

Association Stems short-creeping, thick, to 10 mm diam. Leaves monomorphic, evergreen, 60–150 cm. Petiole to 75 cm × 3–12 mm, glaucous when living. Blade 2–3-pinnate

subrotate, 5–7 mm; stamens ca. equal to tepals; anthers yellow, 1 mm; pollen yellow; style exserted, especially in old flowers, 5–6 mm; pedicel slender

de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 310. 1836. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Plains lazydaisy Illustrated Treatment appears

Pedicels present. Flowers 0.7–1.1 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets (0–) 4; hypanthium subglobose to ellipsoid or ovoid, 0.7–2 mm; sepals 4, connivent or erect

vein, 4–12 mm, often with flattened, triangular apex covered adaxially with minute, glandular-hairs; stamens 6; filaments dimorphic, 4–8 mm, 3 longer and

syriacus, Hibiscus trionum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 693. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 310. 1754. Orland J. Blanchard Jr. Common names: Rose-mallow Etymology: Greek

Tomentypnum (Loeske) H. Robinson Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 310. Mentioned on page 263, 264, 311, 384, 385, 654. Plants large, erect, in loose

linear-oblong; bodies 10-20 × 3-4.5 mm; style and stigma straight or curved, 0.5-1.8 mm. Seeds elliptic, 1.9-2.5 mm. 2n=48,96. Phenology: Flowering late

Dinosaur coprolites and the early evolution of grasses and grazers. Science 310:1177-1180 Rudall, P.J., W. Stuppy, J. Cunniff, E.A. Kellogg, and B.G. Briggs

tending to become exposed. Pedicels to 2 mm. Flowers 0.5–2 × 0.7–1.1 mm, 1–1.5 mm in fruit; epicalyx bractlets 0–0.5 mm; hypanthium ovoid to globose, contracted

armed, teeth single, weakly attached, well defined, of 2 types, 2–3 mm or (5–) 6–8 mm, (1–) 1.5–3 cm apart; apical spine light or dark-brown to gray, subulate

Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 307. Mentioned on page 216, 310, 360. Annuals, 5–30 cm; taprooted. Stems 1–3, erect or ascending, branched

darker midvein, subrotate, 7–8 mm; stamens 3–4 mm, shorter than tepals; anthers yellow, 1.5–2 mm; pollen yellow; style 7–9 mm, longer than tepals; pedicels

reddish tips and dots, outer broadly rounded, 2–6 mm, inner 15–35 mm. Cypselae 4–7 mm; pappi 20–27 mm. 2n = 14. Phenology: Flowering Mar–May. Habitat: Sandy

[red basally], 5–8 mm, subequal to calyx; staminal column 3–4 mm, glabrous. Schizocarps 8–9 mm diam.; mericarp blackish. Seeds 2 mm. 2n = 16. Phenology:

speciesAsplenium cristatum Lamarck in Lamarck et al. in Lamarck et al.,Encycl. 2: 310. 1786. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Robbin C. Moran, Charles R. Werth Common names:

Mentioned on page 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241, 243, 270, 271, 290, 310, 312, 314. Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs]; (caudex simple or

rotate, 3–11 mm diam.; stamens 1–2 mm; style 0.8–4 (–6) mm. Capsules compressed in cross-section, oblong-obovoid, 4–6 (–8) × (2.8–) 4–5.5 mm, ca. as long

Rhizomes horizontal, slender, 1–3 mm thick. Culms (5–) 10–45 cm × 1–2 (–3) mm, glabrous. Leaves 1–3; ligules 0.3 mm; blades distichous, thickly crescentiform

2–7 mm. Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets 40–60; corollas white to purplish or yellowish to reddish, 3–5 mm, tubes 2–3 mm, throats funnelform, 1–1.5 mm, lengths

yellowish, 5–15 × 2–8 mm. Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets 20–80; corollas whitish, 3–5.5 mm, tubes 2–3 mm, throats funnelform, 1–3 mm, lengths ± 1 times lobes

yellowish, 4–8 × 2–4 mm. Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets 20–40; corollas yellow, 2.5–3.5 mm, tubes 1.5–2 mm, throats campanulate, 0.8–1.5 mm, lengths 1–1.5 times

appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 314. Mentioned on page 308, 309, 310. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association

Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 309. Mentioned on page 217, 310, 360. Annuals, 5–25 cm (± scapiform); taprooted. Stems 1–25+, erect or ascending

Plants annual or perennial; usually cespitose, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 30-310 cm, erect. Leaves not aromatic; sheaths open; ligules membranous, sometimes

nodes; internodes 3-6 mm long, 0.2-0.8 mm thick at the thinnest sections, angles usually with scattered hairs. Spikelets 10-15 mm, appressed to divergent

peduncle 1–9 (–12) mm; involucres broadly ovoid to spheric when mature, 4–7.5 mm. Perianth pale-pink to magenta [nearly white], 2–7 mm. Fruits shallowly

irregular; ultimate segments 1-2.5 mm wide. Flowers: sepals 5-6, blue to purple, oblong or narrowly obovate, 8-20 × 6-10 mm, abaxially villous; stamens 80-100

canals, rotate, 5–7.8 mm, lobes with margins entire, apex acute to rounded, stipitate-glandular adaxially; filaments connate 0.4–1 mm, shorter than corolla;

completely hidden. Pedicels less than 1 mm. Flowers 1.3–1.8 × 0.8–1 mm, 1.5–2.5 mm in fruit; epicalyx bractlets 0–0.1 mm; hypanthium ovoid to ellipsoid, contracted

15–25 mm, margins serrate to nearly entire, with glandular bristles or hairs. Flowers: floral-tube cuplike, 4–6 mm deep; sepals white, 18–25 × 7–9 mm; petals

to pale pinkish, 16–20 mm, tubes 6.5–9 mm, throats 4–7.5 mm, lobes 4–6 mm; style tips 3.5–5 mm. Cypselae tan to dark-brown, 5–6 mm, apical collars not or

genusOncosiphon Show Lower Taxa Oncosiphon piluliferum Källersjö Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 96: 310, figs. 2F, 6, 16E1, 16E2. 1988. David J. Keil Etymology: Greek onkos, swelling

names: Florists’ cineraria Basionym: Senecio hybridus Regel Gartenflora 8: 310. 1859 Cineraria hybrida Willdenow 1809 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20

yellowish-brown to brown, 4–7 mm. Capsule brown, weakly lustrous to dull, narrowly ovoid to cylindric, somewhat wrinkled, 1–3 × 0.4–0.6 mm; operculum conical-rostrate

hidden. Pedicels less than 1 mm. Flowers (0.8–) 1.2–1.3 (–1.4) × 0.7–0.8 mm, 1–1.5 mm in fruit; epicalyx bractlets 0–0.1 mm; hypanthium subglobose to ellipsoid

retrorsely hairy, sometimes purplish; auricles to 1.5 mm, often absent; ligules to 1 mm; blades 4-12 mm wide, lax, usually deep green, adaxial surfaces usually

glabrous or hirsute, often purplish; auricles to 1 mm, often absent; ligules to 1 mm; blades (3) 5-14 (16) mm wide, lax, adaxial surfaces usually pilose to

North America Association Herbs, annual. Stems erect to ascending, 10–310 (–370) mm, glandular-puberulent and/or glandular-pubescent. Leaves usually basal

cylindric, 2–10 × 5–7 mm; bracts appressed, elliptic-lanceolate, 4–8 mm, rigid, margins flat, green, if white then scarious portion 0.1–0.2 mm wide; lateral and

Involucres campanulate to hemispheric, 15–30 mm diam. Outer phyllaries ovatelanceolate to lanceolate, 10–24+ mm, seldom surpassing inner, apices acuminate

fruit; stamens (4–) 5; stigmas 2, 0.2 mm. Utricles ovoid; pericarp nonadherent, smooth. Seeds round, 0.9–1.3 mm diam., margins rounded; seed-coat black

Specialized asexual reproduction absent. Seta 1 per perichaetium, 2–3 mm. Capsule ovoid, 0.75–1 mm, smooth to obscurely striate-ribbed when dry; peristome teeth

calyx not streaked, 5–9 mm, pubescent, lobes narrowly lanceolate, margins thin; petals 5, corolla yellow, not streaked, rotate, 5–9 mm, lobes with margins

Endemic Basionym: Rudbeckia alismifolia Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer. 2: 310. 1842 (as alismaefolia) Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page

Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 310. Mentioned on page 309, 311. Pedicels (2–) 5–10 (–15) mm. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering Jun–Aug. Habitat:

10–13 mm diam.; stamens 4–8 mm; style (5–) 6–9 (–10) mm, conspicuously exerted. Capsules compressed in cross-section, oblong-obovoid, 4–6 × 3.5–5.5 mm, ca

or violet, rotate, 8–10 mm diam.; stamens 7 mm; style 3–6 mm. Capsules compressed in cross-section, oblong, 5–6 (–8) × 3–4.5 mm, longer than wide, apex

-lobed, lobes (1–) 2–3 mm, apex obtuse, glandular-hairy; corolla pale blue to purple, rotate, 8–10 mm diam.; stamens 4–5 mm; style 7 mm. Capsules compressed

or pinkish, laminae 14–20 mm. Disc-florets 60–150+; corollas yellowish, 3.5–4 mm, tubes 1.5–2 mm, throats campanulate, 1.5–2 mm, lengths 2–3 times lobes

streaked, rotate, 8–12 mm, lobes with margins entire, apex acute to rounded, stipitate-glandular adaxially; filaments connate 1.5–2.2 mm, shorter than corolla;

campanulate, 6–11 mm, lobes with margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, finely and minutely stipitate-glandular; filaments connate 1.3–1.7 mm, shorter than

canals, rotate, 5–8 mm, lobes with margins entire, apex acute to rounded, stipitate-glandular adaxially; filaments connate ca. 1.7 mm, shorter than corolla;

resin canals, rotate, 6–9 mm, lobes with margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, stipitate-glandular; filaments connate 1–1.5 mm, shorter than corolla; staminodes

resin canals, rotate, 4–7 mm, lobes with margins entire, apex rounded, stipitate-glandular adaxially; filaments connate 0.4–1 mm, shorter than corolla; staminodes

5–8 mm, stipitate-glandular at least apically, lobes narrowly lanceolate, margins thin; petals 5, corolla yellow, not streaked, rotate, 12–19.5 mm, lobes

canals, rotate, 5–8 mm, lobes with margins entire, apex rounded to obtuse, stipitate-glandular abaxially; filaments connate 1.7–3 mm, shorter than corolla;

surpassing phyllaries by 5+ mm. Cypselae columnar or arcuate near bases, 4–8 mm; pappi of 24–48, brownish, barbellate bristles 5–10 mm (bases of bristles sometimes

Sexual condition gonioautoicous. Seta 2 mm. Capsule exserted, ovate-oblong when dry, ovate when moist, 1–1.8 mm, smooth to moderately 8-ribbed; stomata

eglandular. Corollas ± equal to phyllaries at flowering, ligules 3–6 mm; anthers 1.5–2.5 mm. Cypselae ± monomorphic, whitish, not purplish, ribs ± ridged, straight

10–22 (–27) mm, pubescent, trichomes 2–4-rayed (0.05–0.3 mm), sometimes with simple and spurred ones. Flowers: sepals broadly ovate, 3–4 mm, pubescent,

kernensis subsp. gilmanii (Munz) P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 310. 1969. Warren L. Wagner Basionym: Oenothera dentata var. gilmanii Munz Leafl

5–8 mm. Capsule obloid-cylindric to elongate-ovoid, (1.2–) 1.5–2 × 0.3–0.6 mm, brown, dull to weakly lustrous; peristome teeth yellow-reddish, 310–350

ciliate; anthers 0.4-2.5 mm. Caryopses 1.8-2.5 (3) mm long, 0.8-1.1 (1.6) mm wide; embryos 0.7-1 (1.5) mm; hila 0.4-0.5 (0.7) mm. 2n = unknown. Rytidosperma

ovate, 2–2.5 mm, pubescent, (trichomes simple); petals (erect), yellow, obovate, 2–2.5 (–3) × 1.5–2 mm, (not clawed); anthers oblong, 0.6–0.9 mm. Fruits lanceolate

1–2 mm, (flared, clawed); anthers ovate, 0.3–0.5 mm. Fruits lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, slightly twisted or plane, flattened, 4–12 × 1.5–3 mm; valves

evident, fairly long, 1.5–3 mm thick, hard, cortex persistent, longer internodes 1.5–3 mm, scales disintegrating to fibers, 4–5 mm, papery. Culms terete, often

15-25 (-30) mm. Leaf-blade obovate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly obovate, often fiddle-shaped, (50-) 70-150 (-310) × (40-) 50-130 (-160) mm, base rounded

oblong-ovoid, biconvex, 2.9–3.4 × 1.2–1.7 mm; beak 0.5 mm, margins glabrous or sparsely scabrid. Achenes 1.5–1.7 × 1–1.2 mm. 2n = 46, 48. Phenology: Fruiting summer

reddish stripes), sometimes white, 16–20 mm; outer ligules exserted 11–13 mm. Cypselae ± prismatic, 2–3.4 mm, ribs extending to apices, 5 more prominent

(Wilson) A. Jaeger Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1876 – 1877: 310. 1878. Michael S. Ignatov EndemicIllustrated Basionym: Hypnum nuttallii Wilson

genusBrachythecium speciesBrachythecium acuminatum (Hedwig) Austin Musci Appalach., 310. 1870. Michael S. Ignatov Endemic Basionym: Leskea acuminata Hedwig Sp. Musc

branches glabrous. Involucres 2–5 per cluster, 3–5 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Flowers 2–3 mm; perianth white, rarely yellow, glabrous. 2n = 40

Resurrection and revision of Hesperevax (Asteraceae: Inuleae). Syst. Bot. 17: 293–310. Hesperevax acaulis, Hesperevax caulescens, Hesperevax sparsiflora window

yellowish, 7–9 × 3–5 mm. Ray-florets 8; corollas white, laminae 14–16 mm. Disc-florets 30–50+; corollas yellowish, 3–4 mm, tubes 1.5–2 mm, throats campanulate

yellowish, 5–8 × 3–5 mm. Ray-florets 8; corollas white, laminae (6–) 14–16 mm. Disc-florets 32–50+; corollas yellowish, 3–3.5 mm, tubes 1.5 mm, throats campanulate

yellowish, 5–8 × 2–4 mm. Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets 25–50; corollas whitish, 2.5–3 mm, tubes 1.5–2.2 mm, throats campanulate, 0.8–1.5 mm, lengths 1.5–2 times

red-tinged, 6–9 × 2–3 mm. Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets 20–40; corollas yellow, 3–4.5 mm, tubes 2–2.5 mm, throats campanulate, 1–1.5 mm, lengths 3–4 times lobes

Californias and the Great Basin. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44: 275--310. Critchfield, W.B. and E.L. Little Jr. 1966. Geographic Distribution of the

4–1 mm; horns absent. Staminate flowers 3–10. Pistillate flowers: ovary glabrous; styles 0.8–1.5 mm, 2-fid. Capsules depressed-globose, 2–3.5 × 4 mm, 3-lobed;

familySaxifragaceae genusSaxifraga speciesSaxifraga serpyllifolia Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 310. 1813 ,. Luc Brouillet, Patrick E. Elvander† Common names: Thyme-leaved saxifrage

Wilfred B. Schofield† Basionym: Leskea adnata Michaux Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 310. 1803 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 574. Mentioned

1-veined, subulate, 1–3 mm, shorter than petiole; petiole 8–30 mm, 1/4–1/2 times length of blade, glandularpuberulent and with simple 1–2 mm hairs; blade ovate

6–14.5 mm. Disc-florets 35–60; corollas 7–11 mm. Cypselae narrowly oblong, 4.5–6.5 mm, 4-angled, faces striate, villous; pappi tawny, 5.8–8 mm. 2n = 36

7–12-branched. Schizocarps subconic, 5–7 mm, glabrous; mericarps 7–12, 3–4 mm, laterally reticulate, apex spined, spines to 0.5 mm. 2n = 28. Phenology: Flowering

5–) 2.5–3.5 mm. Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets 20–40; corollas whitish (drying pinkish), 3–4 mm, tubes 1.5–2 mm, throats funnelform, 1–1.5 mm, lengths 1–2

erect, or, when short, often recurved, 0.3–1.2 mm. Utricles erect or ascending, 1.2–2.5 mm. Seeds 0.8–1.5 mm. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering spring. Habitat:

narrowly elliptic, 2.9–3.9 × 1–1.5 (–1.6) mm, leathery, dull to satiny; stipe 0.2–0.4 mm; beak poorly defined, 0.4–0.9 mm, smooth or slightly scabrous-margined

floral axis 15–100 (–140) mm; pistillate 4–10-flowered, peduncle 5–8 mm. Flowers: staminate: corolla greenish yellow to yellow, 2–4 mm, stamens slightly exserted;

4–5 mm, minutely stellate-hairy, lobes wide-triangular; petals white, 8–10 mm; staminal column hairy; style 8-branched. Schizocarps subconic, 6–8 mm diam

purplish, drying bluish or fading lighter, 7–12 mm, laminae reflexing. Disc corollas 3.8–4.5 mm. Cypselae 1.5–1.8 mm, 2-nerved, faces sparsely strigose; pappi:

7–12 mm. Phyllaries in 3–5 series, hirsuto-villous, minutely glandular. Ray (pistillate) florets 0. Disc corollas 3.8–4.5 mm. Cypselae ca. 2.2 mm, 2-nerved

Sheviak Endemic Basionym: Habenaria peramoena A. Gray Amer. J. Sci. Arts 38: 310. 1840 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 565. Mentioned

apices ± spreading, straight, usually 1–2 cm × usually 1–2 mm. Corollas dark rose-purple, 25–30 mm. 2n = 30. Phenology: Flowering winter–summer (Feb–Jul).

appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 309. Mentioned on page 306, 307, 310. Plants medium-sized to large. Stems unbranched, sometimes sparsely and irregularly

4-17 mm wide, adaxial surfaces glabrous or strigose, occasionally pilose to hirsute with hairs of fairly uniform length. Glume awns (0.5) 1-5 (9) mm; lemma

1–3 mm. Involucre cupulate to slightly turbinate, 1.1–2 × 1.3–1.5 mm, glabrous or puberulent; glands 4, elliptic to trapezoidal, 0.6–0.8 × 1–2 mm; horns

Mentioned on page 310, 311, 317, 319. Herbs or subshrubs, perennial, branches distichous, planar, 0.3–1 m. Stems erect, with simple 1–2 mm hairs, sometimes

green, distally brown-purple, 3–4 mm; style-branches ca. 1.4 mm, apices obtuse. Cypselae 2–3 mm; pappi coroniform, to 1.5 mm (sometimes cypselae each with

ovate, (3–) 3.2–5.1 × (1.4–) 1.6–2.3 (–2.7) mm, papery or leathery, dull to satiny; stipe 0.2–0.7 mm; beak 0.5–1 mm, scabrous-margined or, occasionally, smooth

sheaths, mostly glabrous, keels usually with hairs, apices bifid, teeth 1-3 mm; cleistogenes not developed. Sheaths open to the base, margins glabrous; ligules

branches glabrous. Involucres (2–) 3–5 per cluster, 3–4 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Flowers 2.5–3 mm; perianth white to pink, rarely yellowish, glabrous

branches glabrous. Involucres 1 (–2) per cluster, 2.5–3.5 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Flowers 2–3 mm; perianth white, glabrous. 2n = 40. Phenology: Flowering

branches glabrous. Involucres 2–7 per cluster, 3–5 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Flowers 2.5–3 mm; perianth white or, infrequently, yellow, pubescent

branches glabrous. Involucres 1 (–2) per cluster, 5–7 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Flowers 2–2.5 mm; perianth white or, rarely, yellow, glabrous or pubescent

10–20 cm; branches glabrous. Involucres 5–10 per cluster, 3.5–5 mm, glabrous. Flowers 3–3.5 mm; perianth white, glabrous. Phenology: Flowering Jun–Oct. Habitat:

5–20 cm; branches glabrous. Involucres 1 (–2) per cluster, 3–5 mm, glabrous. Flowers 2.5–3 mm; perianth yellow or, infrequently, white, pubescent. Phenology:

branches glabrous. Involucres 3–6 per cluster, 2–3 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Flowers 2–3 mm; perianth white, usually glabrous, rarely slightly

Estudio taxonomico sobre el genero Lycurus (Gramineae). Parodiana 4:267-310. Lycurus phleoides, Lycurus setosus "decumbent" is not a number.window.pr

awned, awns to 15 mm; rachillas hairy; lemmas 8.5-15 mm, hairy, conspicuously keeled distally, awned, awns 3-10 mm; paleas 8.5-15 mm, retuse or truncate;

glabrous or rarely pubescent; proximal leaf-blades 9–20 mm, becoming shorter distally, 4–7 mm. Pedicels slender, distal portion densely glandular-pubescent