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perichaetial leaves, brown or golden at maturity. Spores spherical to polyhedral, pale-yellow to yellowbrown, golden, orange or red-orange, smooth to finely papillose

subulate, unequal bracts, short-pedicellate; perianth white, yellow, or golden orange, cylindrical, campanulate, or obovoid, abaxial surfaces rough; tepals

incurved, filiform; anthers versatile, introrse, pollen yellow, often golden, or orange; ovary inferior, globose, ovoid, oblong, or pyriform, ovules 2–10 per

to yellow-orange. Capsule usually slightly inclined to erect, usually straight, (0.8–) 1–1.8 (–2.2) mm, pale-brown to yellow (golden) orange, smooth to

pale-yellow to yellow-orange. Capsule slightly inclined to erect, usually arcuate, (1–) 1.7–2.3 (–3.7) mm, pale-brown to yellow (golden) orange, smooth to sulcate

Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems golden or orange with age, weakly appressed to substrate, branches many, curved to erect

and rounded at the cell angles. Seta 1–3 (–4) cm, various shades of red, orange, or yellow. Capsule oblong to long-cylindric, (1–) 2–2.5 (–3) mm, smooth

fruiting pedicels pubescent. Pomes usually red, sometimes bright-yellow to golden or orange, suborbicular, 8–12 mm diam., often bearing residual hairs, particularly

The glands may be colorless (translucent) or yellowish to dark brown or orange and are sometimes more prominent on dried specimens than in living plants

eglandular; phyllaries with orange to brownish midnerves; cypselae glabrous or strigillose, eglandular Conyza 11 Rays usually yellow or orange, sometimes cream,

large, lax to dense, in tufts or mats, dark green, yellow-green, golden green, or orange, sometimes reddish-brown or nearly black, often lustrous. Stems

D. pictus), blue, pink, red, magenta, lavender, purple, purplish brown, orange, or yellow, rarely white, sometimes multicolor, bilaterally symmetric, rarely

378, 379, 637. Plants in mats or patches, green, golden green, brown-green, or blackish, rarely with orange or red tinge. Stems slender, creeping, irregularly

white to pale greenish proximally, usually becoming green, white, yellow, orange, red, pink, or purple distally, tubular proximally, strongly bilabiate distally

siceraria (for its bottlelike gourds), and Thladiantha dubia (golden creeper, for its large, golden-yellow flowers). Species employed for other economic uses

purple; petals absent or (1–) 5, white, cream, yellow, orange, red, pink, or purple, often yellow, orange, or red-spotted; nectary disc present or not; stamens

to dense, rarely fragile tufts, green, yellowish, brownish, or golden green, with orange tinge due to leaves yellow-green and stems reddish. Stems creeping

caulescent, glaucous, from transitory or persistent taproots; sap white to orange. Stems leafy, branching. Leaves sessile; basal rosulate, cauline alternate;

terminal or lateral, distinct; ovules 2 (only 1 maturing). Fruits pomes, orange to red or purple to black, globose to obovoid or oblong, [3–] 4–14 [–15]

Natl. Herb. 12: 435. 1909. Arthur C. Gibson Common names: Golden clubcactus golden cereus golden snakecactus Illustrated Basionym: Cereus emoryi Engelmann

Association Stems 1.5–4 cm diam., internodes 3–10 cm; scales orange, brownish, or golden, denticulate. Roots from under surface. Petiole 30–60 cm, essentially

new growth green to reddish, pubescent or glabrous, 1-year old usually golden green to tan, sometimes deep reddish-brown or gray-brown, older graying;

overlapping, spreading, usually not reflexed, golden yellow, oblongelliptic, 3–8 mm; petals connivent, erect, yellow to orange or deep red, oblong-obovate, not conspicuously

ed. 5, 189. 1754 ,. Craig C. Freeman, Nicholas D. Levsen Common names: Golden-saxifrage dorine Etymology: Greek chrysos, gold, and splenos, spleen, alluding

mm; sepals linear to subulate-linear, 8–25 mm; corolla yellow to golden yellow or orange, tubular-campanulate, 4–10 cm; anther-filaments glabrous; ovary

leathery; petals golden yellow or orange-yellow; stamens (35–) 50–80 > 6 5 Leaf blades papery to membranous; petals usually bright, golden, or pale yellow

page 577. Mentioned on page 572, 575, 645. Plants small to large, yellow, golden, pale green, or yellowish-brown, glossy. Stems 2–12 cm, complanate-foliate

linear to subulate, scarious. Florets 20–100+; corollas usually yellow or orange, sometimes grayish green or reddish abaxially, rarely white, (not deliquescent)

diam. Phyllaries 30–125 (–150) in 2–5 series, 1-nerved or 3-nerved (nerves golden-resinous; usually flat, rarely broadly keeled to convex), narrowly elliptic

elliptic-spatulate, unequal, 6–14 (–20) × 4–10 mm; petals (4–) 5, golden yellow to orange-yellow, obovate to oblanceolate, 12–25 mm; stamens deciduous, 250–650;

blade 25–35 × 1–1.5 (–2) cm. Flowers 1 (–2), nodding in bud; tepals 6 (–8), golden yellow, midrib abaxially tinged with green; outer tepals narrowly elliptical

70–120 dm, main trunk dominant. Stems: trunk bark older buff, newly exposed orange, exfoliating in fibrous plates, freshly exposed bark orangebrown (not recorded

deflexed and folded together at night, laminae and margins often with black or orange oxalate dots or stripes. Flowers tristylous, distylous, semihomostylous

weakly to strongly coherent, separating with or without torus attached, golden yellow to red or black, globose to hemispheric or cylindric, 5–20 mm, fleshy

[spatulate]; petals 5, (often recurving), connate 1/2 length, cream or yellow to orange, broadly ovate to oblong-ovate, oblongelliptic, triangular, triangular-ovate

transitional hairs; floral bracts lanceolate. Flowers usually orange-red, occasionally pale green or golden bronze; dorsal sepal free, lanceolate, ascending at apex;

filaments filiform; ovaries glabrous, styles filiform, glabrous. Fruits golden yellow to orange or reddish, globose, 1.2–1.5 cm; drupelets (5–) 10–20, moderately

pink-red, or pink > 15 14 Petals yellow, yellowish green, golden yellow, pale orange, or pale orange suffused with pink > 32 15 Flowers mostly 4-merous, sometimes

staminodes 3, minute. Fruits dry pepos or berrylike, red to scarlet, orange, or golden brown [green], mostly ellipsoid-cylindric [to globose], smooth, glabrous

(midnerves ± raised, especially proximally, ± translucent yellowbrown to golden brown, less prominent distally; ± flat), outer linear-lanceolate to spatulate

North America Association Plants medium-sized, in wefts or turfs, yellow to golden green. Stems 4 (–10) cm, 1.5–2 mm wide across main leafy shoot, not complanate-foliate

mescalerium 19 Hypanthia yellow to yellowish green; sepals golden yellow; petals yellow to orange or deep red. Ribes aureum 19 Hypanthia, sepals, and petals

pale-yellow to cream or nearly white, pale orange, golden yellow, or orange-yellow, not spotted or striped, palate ridges golden yellow, throat internally glabrous

Thladiantha dubia Bunge Enum. Pl. China Bor., 29. 1833. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Golden creeper Introduced Etymology: Greek thladias, eunuch, and anthos, flower

never from abaxial costa surface. Hygroamblystegium 7 Plants golden to yellow-green or golden brown; leaves strongly plicate; rhizoids strongly branched

fairly soft, olivaceous, brown or yellow, rusty orange to blackish brown, sometimes dirty olive yellow, golden to blackish green distally, brown to blackish

pale-yellow or nearly white to pale orange or light yellow-orange, not spotted or striped, palate ridges yellow to golden yellow, tube-throat 35–45 mm, limb

linearlanceolate, unequal, 1.5–2.5 × 0.4–0.8 mm, apex acute; petals orange-yellow to golden yellow, oblong, 2–4 mm; stamens 5–11, 5 separate or obscurely 5-grouped;

242. 1832 ,. Craig C. Freeman, Nicholas D. Levsen Common names: American golden-saxifrage water-mat or carpet dorine d’Amérique Endemic Treatment appears

recurved when dry, triangular-lanceolate, attenuate, thin; endostome light orange to golden, segments 8 or 16, filiform, elongate, 1/3–1 time exostome length.

297. Plants rather stiff and rigid, in loose tufts or mats, olivaceous to golden brown, occasionally blackish brown. Stems (1–) 3 (–17) cm, irregularly forked

areas light green. Corollas yellow-orange to orange, not spotted or striped, palate ridges yellow to golden yellow or orange, tube-throat 25–30 mm, limb 20–30

Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 336. 1840. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Golden-rayed pentachaeta Illustrated Synonyms: Chaetopappa aurea (Nuttall) D. D

glandular or glandular-pubescent; corolla red, scarlet, crimson, magenta, pink, orange, lavender, violet, reddish violet, or purple, bilaterally symmetric or nearly

North America Association Plants dark green in deeply shaded sites, orange-golden to rusty in exposed sites. Stems 3–10 cm, usually hooked at apices, branches

linearlanceolate, subequal, 3–7 × 0.7–1.3 mm, apex acute; petals golden yellow to orange-yellow, oblong, 4–7 mm; stamens 10–22, separate or obscurely 3-fascicled;

Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd, Nick Otting Common names: Golden paintbrush IllustratedEndemicConservation concern Treatment appears in FNA

populations especially on igneous rock), then central spines tan, stramineous, golden yellow, pale chalky pink, pale purplish gray, or pinkish brown (rarely dark-brown)

5–9 mm. Ray-florets 0 or 1–3+; laminae golden yellow, 2–3.5 mm. Disc-florets 20–60 (–120+); corollas ± orange, 2.5–3+ mm. Cypselae blackish to brown or

356. 1878 ,. Craig C. Freeman, Nicholas D. Levsen Common names: Wright’s golden-saxifrage Synonyms: Chrysosplenium alternifolium var. wrightii (Franchet

ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex subacute to rounded; petals golden yellow to salmon-orange, oblanceolate, (1.7–) 3.5–5 mm; stamens (5–) 12–15 (–25), separate

tip recurved to coiled, distal 13–16 mm densely pilose, hairs golden yellow or orange, to 0.8 mm; style 21–24 mm. Capsules 8–10 × 5–6 mm. Phenology: Flowering

542. Mentioned on page 534, 539, 540, 543. Plants medium-sized to large, golden to yellow-green or brownish. Stems 3–10 cm, reddish-brown, creeping, regularly

pubescent. Pepos green to gray-green with cream stripes or mottling, golden yellow to orange, dark purplish green or bluish, blackish purple, or white to grayish

outer filaments reddish or orange; anthers pale to bright-yellow; stigma lobes 6–11, cream to creamy pink, yellow, or orange-yellow, 3–7 mm. Fruits green

sometimes eciliate, surfaces stipitate-glandular; petals bright golden yellow, sometimes orange-tipped proximally, not spotted, elliptic-oblong to obovate,

5–16 mm. Flowers acroscopic; receptacle oblique; perianth usually golden yellow to orange, rarely reddish, sometimes with red blotches inside, glabrous; pistil

Treatment on page 574. Plants medium-sized to large, green, yellow-green, or golden brown, glossy. Stems 3–5 cm, branches creeping. Leaves erect to erect-spreading

mm; sepals linear to subulate-linear, 8–25 mm; corolla yellow to golden yellow or orange, tubular-campanulate, 4–10 cm; anther-filaments glabrous; ovary

spines at areole margins; sheaths slightly baggy, whitish becoming yellow to golden apically. Glochids in thin adaxial crescent, yellow or tan to rusty, 0.5–6

tube slightly dilated distally, lobes subequal, apex acute. Corollas bright golden yellow, often with reddish-brown speckling on throat floor, palate ridges

consistently short-styled in pentaploids; sepal apices with 2 orange tubercles; petals deep golden yellow, 15–20 mm. Capsules not seen. 2n = 14, 28, 35. Phenology:

margins sometimes ciliate, not setulose-ciliate, apex acute; petals golden yellow to orange-yellow, red-tinged, oblanceolate to obovate, 6–10 mm; stamens 35–50

axillary. Fruits usually 1, axillary, or 3–5 on racemoid branches, orange to golden brown, short ellipsoid-cylindric, 1.5–2 cm; peduncle 8–15 (–30) mm

flesh yellow to light or bright orange to greenish, lightly to very sweet. Seeds whitish to cream or light-brown with golden-yellow to silvery margins, ovate-elliptic

narrowly lanceolate to linear-oblong or filiform-subulate, 10–25 mm; corolla golden yellow, campanulate to cylindric-campanulate, 6–10 cm; anther-filaments

scattered, appressed, stellate-lepidote; corolla widespreading, golden yellow to pale orange-yellow, 30 mm diam., petals obovate, conspicuously asymmetrically

anther apiculations absent or less than 0.1 mm, thecae creamy yellow to golden yellow, tubules yellow to yellowish brown. Pyrola grandiflora 3 Filament

hyaline, redbrown with narrow colorless margins, awn to 1.5 mm. Perigynia golden brown, 3-veined abaxially, body broadly elliptic to ovate, 2.2–3 × 1.5–2

staminodes: distal 2–3 mm sparsely to moderately pilose, hairs yellow or yellow-orange; cauline leaf blades lanceolate to oblong. Penstemon subserratus 24 Thyrses

141. 1838. R. John Little, Landon E. McKinney† Common names: California golden violet Johnny-jump-up wild pansy Synonyms: Viola pedunculata subsp. tenuifolia M

Shrubs or trees, usually multistemmed, 50–70 dm. Stems: twigs: new growth golden brown, appressed-pubescent, 1-year old brown to grayish brown, 2-years old

green, ovatelanceolate, 3–5 mm; stigmas hairy. Fruits 1 or 3–4 (–5), red to orange, 0.6–0.8 cm, peduncles (0–) 1–5 cm. Seeds 3–6, 3 × 2 mm. 2n = 20. Phenology:

acuminate, puberulent at least on midrib; outer 3-nerved; petals yellowish orange to salmon, with maroon or reddish base, obcordate or broadly obovate, 9–15

reddish brown; leaf apices obtuse. Scorpidium 59 Plants in other habitats, golden to green; leaf apices acute to acuminate. > 60 60 Plants on wet rock in