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usually white to cream, blue, or purple, rarely pink, lanceolate to deltate, keeled adaxially; petals 5 (or (5–) 6 (–8) in C. jepsonii), usually white to cream

whitish, scarious, apex acute to obtuse; petals 5, white, pink, scarlet, dusky purple, or off-white tinged with purple, clawed, claw usually conspicuous

in pairs or sometimes individually; petals white [rarely yellow], fading pink to red, purple, or off-white, spatulate to elliptic, rhombic, or, sometimes

beaks stout (0.1–1 mm, gradually or weakly set off from bodies) or filiform (2–6 mm, sharply set off from bodies), ribs 1–9 on each face, faces often

beak pale, off-white, pale-yellow, green with margins off-white, or yellow, sometimes orange, 1–4 mm; abaxial lip pale-yellow; teeth white to green. Phenology:

persistent, 6, spreading to erect, distinct to weakly connate basally, off-white, green, yellow, or purple, petaloid, not clawed, equal to subequal, margins

Cypselae tan, narrowly ellipsoid to subturbinate, 3–8 mm, sericeous; pappi off-white to brown, 3.3–7.5 mm. 2n = 18. Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., Calif.,

on stems; petiole very short, leaving small pegs on stem when leaves fall off; blade linear-oblong to subulate, margins entire or erose, surfaces glabrous

pappi of 5–24 tan or white bristles (falling or widened bases persistent, bases connate in groups of 2–4 distal portions breaking off), plumose on distal

bristles persistent after distal portions break off) or falling, of 5–40, distinct or basally connate in groups, white to tan, wholly or distally plumose bristles

linear to linear-lanceolate or triangular scales (0.2–1 mm), inner of 30–45 off-white, stramineous, or tan to rusty brown, barbellate, apically clavate or attenuate

cupshaped, campanulate, or tubular; sepals greenish, white, yellow, pink, red, or purple; petals greenish, white, yellow, pink, red, or purple; nectary disc prominent

flowers sessile; ovary 1-loculed; ovules basal, 1; style terminal (arising off-center at apex of ovary and fruit in Najas gracillima), 2–4-branched. Fruits

basally white with pink or red, otherwise bright green; single midvein (secondary midrib) prominently raised above leaf surface, usually somewhat off-center

Cypselae tan to brown, turbinate, 2.5–3 mm, sericeous to villous; pappi off-white to brown, 6.5–8 mm. 2n = 18. Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., Calif., N

apiculate). Ray-florets 3–5, pistillate, fertile; corollas wholly or mostly white (laminae 3-lobed, lobes sometimes each with prominent medial red blotch,

2–3 (–4.5) mm, ribs 6–10, faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–0.5 mm, inner of 25–45 bristles 5–8 (–10)

perianth hypogynous. Staminate flowers usually pedicellate; tepals 4-5, white or green; stamens 4-5, equaling tepals in number; filaments inflexed in bud

during flowering; hairs pure white, to 6 mm. Spines: radial spines appressed, whitish, often with dark tips (rarely all white or all brown), translucent

greenish white, linear to broadly ellipsoid, flattened, 4–6.5 × 1.8–3.2 mm; floral scales (10–) 16–20 (–26), laterally clear, pale green, off-white, or light-brown

bolanderi 18 Tepals lanceolate to lance-ovate, light green to light pink or white or dark purplish brown; capsule ovoid to obovoid, 1.9–3.5 mm; heads 1–2 per

oblong, (equal), lateral pair not saccate basally; petals (spreading), white or lavender, obovate (longer than sepals), claw well-differentiated from

6–10 (sometimes brownish), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–0.5 mm, inner of 25–40 bristles (4–) 5–6.5

hemispheric, 2–3 mm wide; sepals 5, spreading, white, ovate-triangular to triangular, keeled adaxially; petals 5, white or yellow-green, inrolled full length,

plants), basal, ± petiolate; blade green or mottled with purple, brown, or white, lanceolate to ovate (wider if solitary), flat to folded, 6–60 cm, glaucous

Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Bulbs off white, occasionally flecked with purple; scales unsegmented; stem roots absent

5-gonal tube or spreading from near middle, connate basally or to middle, white, yellow, orange, or red; nectary disc truncate, wider than tall; stamens

deep; sepals white, 13–23 × 5–9 mm; petals white, 14–20 × 5–8 mm; corona filament whorls 5–6, outer 2 whorls purple to magenta basally, white medially, pale-pink

reddish, ellipsoid, 6–10 mm, glabrate or apically sparsely hairy; pappi off-white to brown, sometimes reddish, 7–9 mm. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering late

mm. Cypselae tan to purple, 3.5–4 mm (7–8 ribbed), densely hairy; pappi off-white to brown, sometimes reddish, 5–6.5 mm. 2n = 36. Phenology: Flowering late

oblong, compressed, 5–20 × 2.2–3 mm; floral scales (12–) 20–30 (–50), off-white to golden brown, basally 2-keeled, laterally ribless, ovate-deltate, 2–2

(forming tube, connivent), lateral pair saccate basally; petals (erect), white, lavender, or purplish, lingulate, (longer than sepals), claw undifferentiated

taproot. Stems (when present) thickened, becoming tough in age, with loose, white, exfoliating epidermis. Leaves in a basal rosette; stipules absent; sessile;

Disc corollas 4.5–5.7 mm, lobes greenish to pink or purple. Cypselae off-white, 3.5–5 mm, usually glabrous (ray cypselae sometimes hairy on angles); pappi

branches spreading or sprawling, 2–7 (–15) m. Stems: bark gray, peeling off in small white, gray, or brown flakes, inner bark light-brown; twigs green and puberulent

pink or red, base dark-pink to dark red, margins off-white; stamens 16–21, filaments pink, distally white, anthers pink or purplish-pink; styles 2 or 3 (or

(sometimes golden brown to brown), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 35–45 bristles (4.3–) 5–6.5

adaxially, 8–11.3 × 1.1–1.7 cm; petals 7.9–11.2 × 1.4–2.4 cm; anthers off white/cream, becoming pale-pink or dirty yellow; pollen very pale-yellow or cream

cm, 1st year strongly angled or pleated, green to reddish, glabrate to off-white or gray downy or tomentose, rarely sessile or stipitate-glandular, 2d or

exserted; filaments barely spreading, diverging 2°–8° from axis; anthers off white or cream, becoming pale-pink or yellow, 0.8–1.5 cm; pollen yellow or cream;

Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Common names: Wallflower Etymology: Greek eryso, to ward off or to cure, alluding to the supposed medicinal properties of some species

(–10) (rarely brownish), faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 30–45 bristle (4–) 5–6.5 (–8

Cypselae tan to reddish, ellipsoid, 5–7 mm, glabrous or distally hairy; pappi off-white to reddish-brown, 7–9 mm. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering summer–fall. Habitat:

inner rims hairy; sepals 5, reflexed, ovate or broadly lanceolate; petals 5, white or light pink, suborbiculate, ovate, or obovate, base short-clawed, apex

linear [ovate, or oblong]; petals usually purple or lavender [yellow], rarely white, (much longer than sepals), oblanceolate [broadly obovate or obcordate],

tan to brown, subcylindric, 3.5–4 mm, moderately to densely hairy; pappi off-white to brown, 5–8 mm. 2n = 18. Generated Map Legacy Map Calif., nw Mexico Varieties

ovary. Achenes white or greenish, mottled with purple, ovoid, somewhat compressed, 2-5 mm, with ± persistent perianth that sometimes flakes off. 2n = 20. Phenology:

turbinate to narrowly oblanceolate, 3.5–4 mm (ribs ca. 5), villous; pappi off-white to brown, 3.5–5 mm. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering fall. Habitat: Rocky

reddish, elliptic, 6.5–8.5 mm, sparsely, evenly strigose; pappi usually off-white to brown, sometimes reddish, 8–9.5 mm. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering late

Cypselae tan to brown, subcylindric, 3.5–4 mm, sericeous to villous; pappi off-white to reddish-brown, 6.5–8 mm. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering summer–fall,

2.5–4 mm (ribs 8–10), glabrous or hairy, more densely distally; pappi off-white to brown, 5–7 mm. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering late summer–fall, occasionally

oblong-lanceoloid, (3–) 6–22 × 2.5–4 mm; floral scales deciduous, 5–22, off-white to light reddish-brown, laterally 3–5-ribbed, ovate-elliptic, 2.5–4 × 2–2

ovate, 2–2.5 mm; prophyll ovatelanceolate, 1.5 mm; floral scales 2–3, off-white to reddish-brown, 5–9-veined, ovate, 3.3–3.6 (–4) × 1.3–1.7 mm. Flowers:

mm. Cypselae tan to reddish, ellipsoid, ca. 5 mm, densely hairy; pappi off-white to brown, 7.5–9 mm. Phenology: Flowering late summer–fall. Habitat: Riparian

mm; pappi of 5–13 white to light tan bristles (widened bases persistent, bases connate in groups of 2–4, if bristles 5, breaking off completely, bristles

Fruiting calyces 12–15 × 4–6 mm, 21/4–3 times as long as broad. Petals off-white to dusky pink, equaling calyx. Seeds ca. 0.7 mm diam. 2n = 48. Phenology:

ovary superior, green or colored like perianth (yellow in T. peduncularis, white in T. clementina), stipitate, 3-locular, ovules anatropous, 2–several per

brown, traversed internally by trabeculae (internal partitions). Megaspores white, gray, or black, globose, mostly 300–700 µm diam., trilete, each with equatorial-ridge

base dark red, margins yellowish or off-white; stamens 17–20, filaments dark red, at least proximally, anthers white; styles (2 or) 3 or 4 [or 5]. Pomes

dark-pink to red, base dark red, margins off-white; stamens 14–20, filaments red to dark red, anthers white; styles 3 or 4 (or 5). Pomes bright red, broadly

retrorsely strigose, hairs 0.1-0.2 mm, thick; ligules 1-4 (5.5) mm, white to off-white or yellow-cream to brown, truncate to obtuse, ciliolate; blades usually

7–3.9 mm, ribs 7–10 (often brownish), faces moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.2–1 mm, inner of bristles 5–7 mm, longest weakly

abaxial gray to off-white, veins, intercostal regions, and margins frequently obscured by hairs, tomentose to villous, often with white to gray granular

5 dm, scabrous basally. Inflorescences 3–12-flowered. Flowers: perianth white to light violet-purple, 1.5–2 cm, lobes longer than tube; anthers 2.5–3 mm;

diam. Spines 5–12 per areole, yellowish white, some with black tips, nearly acicular, weak and easily broken off, 1.5–4 mm; radial spines encircling central

7–1.5 mm, margins ciliolate, hairs whitish, irregularly glandular; petals white, broadly ovate, 3–4 mm; stamens 20; carpels distinct, apex conic, styles

spatulate, 15–20 mm, apiculate; filaments yellow; anthers yellow; style off-white; stigma lobes yellowish. Fruits green becoming dull yellow, dry, tuberculate

in flower and spreading in fruit, apex acuminate, veins green; petals off-white to dusky pink or dingy reddish purple, clawed, equaling or to 11/2 times

per flower, pale-rose-pink to magenta, shading gradually to paler pink or white basally, sometimes with a darker midstripes distally but lacking well-defined

typically small. Flowers not resupinate, magenta, deep rose-pink, pale-pink, or white, sometimes fragrant, sessile; dorsal sepal lanceolate; lateral sepals ovate

1.6–2 mm, glabrous; columella 1.3–1.5 mm. Seeds with thin white coat that readily falls off, surface below tan brown, oblong-ovoid, sharply angular in

acute, acuminate, or obtuse, not hooded; petals (4–) 5 or sometimes absent, white (purple-tinged in C. pumilum and C. regelii), clawed, blade apex 2-fid 1/5–1/2

compressed, 2–3 mm, ribs 9–11, shallow, faces moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–0.5 mm, inner of 25–40 bristles 5–6.5 mm,

Panicles 12-35 cm wide, open. > 18 18 Sheath apices with a conspicuous tuft of white hairs; flag blades nearly perpendicular to the culms Sporobolus cryptandrus

pappi of 17–22 white or tan bristles (falling or widened bases persistent, bases connate in groups of 2–4, distal portions breaking off), wholly plumose

brown, narrowly ellipsoid, 2–3 mm, moderately hairy to sericeous; pappi off-white to brown, 4–5 mm. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering late summer–fall. Habitat:

retrorse teeth in distal 1/2, enclosed within scales; styles 3-fid. Achenes off-white to yellowish-brown, elliptic-obovate in outline, strongly trigonous with

transparent greenish to greenish-yellowish, rarely white, smooth, seldom slightly puberulent, sometimes breaking off, 0.25–0.7 (–1) mm. Strobili sometimes paired

1–2.5 mm, ribs 7–10 (often brownish), faces moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–0.5 mm, inner of 25–35 bristles 3.9–6.5 mm

ciliate; petals connate ca. 1/2 their lengths, usually rose-purple, rarely white, 7–9 × 8–20 mm, glabrous, puberulent near base abaxially; filaments 3–4.5

epaleate. Florets 15–25 [10–50]; corollas bluish, pinkish, purplish, or white, throats narrowly funnelform (lengths 2.5–4 times diams.); styles: bases

glandular; petals white, ovate to elliptic, 1.5–2.5 mm; stamens longer than petals, 2.5–3 mm; carpels 1.3–2 mm. Achenes beige to gray, appearing white from hairs

present; peristome reduced (well developed in A. rostratus); exostome teeth white to pale-brown, densely papillose, occasionally cross-striolate, sometimes

petals (1–) 3–10 (–12) mm (pistillate) or 5–8 (–10) mm (staminate), corolla white, shallowly cupulate to rotate; staminodia scalelike or absent in pistillate

long, white, spreading Bothriochloa springfieldii 11 Cauline nodes glabrous or puberulent, the hairs always less than 3 mm long, usually off-white and ascending

shorter setae, white peristome (when dry), and rather smooth exostome teeth. The endostome often appears absent because the segments break off shortly after

elongating to 30–50 mm. Flowers: sepals 4–7 mm; corolla 7–9 mm, lobes usually white, sometimes light pink or rose. Capsules 3–4 (–6) mm diam. 2n = 12. Phenology:

glabrous, resinous. Ray-florets 3–7; laminae (white) 5.5–7 × 1.5–2 mm. Disc-florets 10–15; corollas (white) 6–8 mm. Cypselae tan to brown, narrowly turbinate

brown, in fruit generally paler as stigmas and often bracteole blades wear off, ca. 6–35 cm × 5–6 mm in flower, 15–25 mm in fruit; compound pedicels in fruit

1 mm, ribs 6–10 (sometimes brownish), faces moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–0.5 mm, inner of 25–40 bristles 5–7.5 mm,

2 mm, ribs 8–10 (sometimes brownish), faces moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.5–1 mm, inner of 35–45 bristle 4.6–7.4 mm, longest

stigmas (drying brown), later medium brown, in fruit when fresh as stigmas wear off often greenish due to green carpodia, (4–) 6–20 cm × 5–6 mm in flower, 13–22

nodes; nodes hirsute, hairs 3-4 mm, mostly erect to ascending, tan or off-white. Leaves cauline; ligules 1-2 mm, often erose; blades 20-30 cm long, 2-7

opening near sunrise; floral-tube 6–17 mm; sepals 4–6 mm; petals white, fading off-white or tinged pink, slightly unequal, rhombic, 4–6 mm, abruptly clawed;

obconic, compressed, 2–4.5 mm, ribs 8–12, faces moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 35–45 bristles 5–7 mm, longest

Lemna the connection to the mother frond is formed by a thin white stipe at the base that falls off or decays after the frond is grown (frond of L. trisulca

by hairs), abaxial white, sometimes silvery white, veins, intercostal regions, and margins obscured by hairs, densely sericeous, white granular deposits

2–5 mm, apex obtuse with broad-membranous margin and tip; corolla white, greenish white, or pink, sometimes tinged pink or purple, clawed, claw longer than

geniculate; lower nodes shortly hairy, hairs shorter than 3 mm, usually off-white and ascending; upper nodes glabrous or glabrate. Leaves mostly basal, glaucous;

oblong-lanceoloid, 4–7 (–12) × (1.6–) 2–3 (–3.6) mm; floral scales (8–) 12–22, off-white, whitish with red speckles, or with single red spot 0.5 mm wide, medially

narrowly elliptic to oblanceoloid, 3.5–4.5 mm (ribs ca. 5), sericeous; pappi off-white to brown, 5.5–6.5 mm. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering late summer–fall. Habitat:

1–1.4 (–1.8) mm; floral scales persistent, (4–) 6–8 (–14), golden brown, off-white to stramineous, densely red-glandular punctate, green medially, 3–4-ribbed

lobes ovate, ca. 2 mm, margins broad, membranous, apex obtuse; corolla off-white or tinged with dusky purple, clawed, claw equaling calyx, broadened distally

mm. Cypselae tan to brown, narrowly ellipsoid, 3–4 mm, sericeous; pappi off-white to brown, 6–7.5 mm. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering fall. Habitat: Canyon

narrowly oblanceolate, 5–7 mm (ribs 5–7), moderately hairy distally; pappi off-white to brown, 9–10.5 mm. Phenology: Flowering summer–fall. Habitat: Open coniferous

Cypselae tan to reddish, ellipsoid, 7–8 mm, glabrous or apically hairy; pappi off-white to brown, sometimes reddish, 9–9.5 mm. 2n = 18 [as Haplopappus bloomeri

3.5–5 mm, glabrous or moderately hairy, more densely distally; pappi off-white to brown, 6–7.5 mm. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering late summer–fall(–spring)

Plants (10–) 20–35 cm. Inflorescences eglandular. Flowers: corolla usually white to pale lavender, 15–20 mm, glabrous; banner length 0.7–0.9+ times wings

widest at base, 2 mm, apical appendages absent; anthers purple, 1.5 mm; ovary white, equal to stipe; pedicel 3–8 cm. 2n = 16. Phenology: Flowering spring (Mar–Apr)

compressed, 3–4 mm, ribs 7–10, sparsely moderately densely strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.5–1 mm, inner of 35–45 attenuate bristles 7–9

Pine barrens, sand pine-oak scrubs, dry sandy hill or dunes, open white sandy soil, white sand, or sandstone rock Elevation: 0 m Generated Map Legacy Map

fruiting pedicel 0.5–2 cm. Perianths: perianth of staminate flowers green or white, urceolate, 2–4 mm; perianth of pistillate flowers greenish, often blushed

(glandular-pubescent); filaments greenish yellow; anthers yellow; nectar scales white or translucent, narrowly reniform. Carpels subdivergent in fruit, connate

lobes patent, ovate, 1.5–4 mm, rigid, margins broad, membranous; corolla off-white to dingy purple-red, clawed, claw exceeding calyx, ciliate proximally,

compressed, 1.5–3 (–4) mm, ribs ca. 10, faces moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–0.5 mm, inner of 25–40 weakly clavate bristles

membranous, often broadened distally into round, crenulate lobe; corolla off-white, usually pink or purple-tinged, to 11/2 times longer than calyx, limb 2-lobed

apex spreading, shortly glandular-pubescent, usually viscid; corolla off-white (greenish) to dusky pink, clawed, claw equaling calyx, limb obovate, 2-lobed

compressed, 1.7–3 mm, ribs 7–11, faces sparsely to moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.25–1 mm, inner of 35–45 bristles 4.7–7 mm, longest

obconic, compressed, 1.6–2.5 mm, ribs 4–7, faces moderately strigose; pappi off-white, outer of linear scales 0.2–1 mm, inner of 25–40 bristles 5–7 mm, longest

teeth 16, white, to 0.6 mm, trabeculate, coarsely papillose distally, less so proximally; endostome basal membrane low, segments persistent, white, as long

Keck, including Penstemon cerrosensis Kellogg, known only from Cedros Island off the west coast of Baja California, Mexico. None. Penstemon alamosensis, Penstemon

3–2.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm, apex subacute; petals white,1.4–2.5 (–3) × 1–1.8 mm, apical notch 0.5–0.7 mm; filaments white, those of longer stamens 0.9–1.3 mm, those

Florets 4–5 (–6). Cypselae tan, 3–6 mm, faces smooth, grooved; pappi of 15–25, white bristles (persistent), wholly plumose. 2n = 16. Phenology: Flowering Jun–Sep

linear, 6–7 mm; petals 8–10 mm (pistillate) or 6–7 mm (staminate), corolla white, shallowly cupulate; staminodia present in pistillate flowers. Capsules yellowish

marginally villous; stamens 3-5 (-6); anthers dark-brown, globose; stigmas white, puberulous, persistent in fruit, slender lobes incurved. Samaras light-brown

hypanthium green; sepals spreading but soon reflexed, 3–10 mm; petals spreading, white, oblong to elliptic, 2–5 mm, shorter than sepals, apex obtuse to rounded

smooth; petals 100–140, rose-magenta, 2–3-seriate, 10–25 mm; stamens 100–250, white, 3–4-seriate, 4–7 mm, papillate proximally; anthers yellow; stigmas 2–3 mm

Erioneuron, are shaggy-white-villous. This indumentum is composed of myriads of hairlike, water soluble crystals that wash off in water. They are the product

28–32 × (3–) 6 (–9) mm, margins usually erose; stigma lobes pink to pinkish white. Fruits indehiscent (rarely rupturing irregularly), scarlet or crimson, spheric

lower-elevation var. eximium. A few populations having off-yellowish flowers are known from the White Mountains of Inyo and Mono counties, California. There

depressed-ovoid or nearly globose, 4-8 cm, remaining closed, scales readily broken off through animal agency. Pinus albicaulis 9 Mature seed cones lance-ovoid or

Involucres turbinate-campanulate, 5–6 × 3–5 mm. Flowers 2.5–3 mm; perianth white. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Oct. Habitat: Rocky cliffs and bluffs, coastal

138, 141. Herbs perennial, caulescent, rhizomes present, with horizontal, white, fusiform tubers or tuberlike thickenings, stolons absent, bulbs absent.

274. Inflorescences 5–9-flowered. Flowers: filament tube without yellow or white spot proximal to each anther; pollen-sacs yellow with maroon speckles; connective

Panicles 30-50 cm long, 10-20 cm wide, exserted, dense, ovoid-ellipsoid, white, usually with more than 15 branches; rachises 25-40 cm, hispid-pubescent

ringlike disc; sepals 2, reflexed to spreading; petals 2, alternate sepals, white or pink, without spots, clawed, apex notched; stamens 2, anthers basifixed

usually glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy, adaxial glabrous or hairy; petals white, often fading to pink, suborbiculate to oblong-obovate, 8–13 mm; ovaries

narrowly oblong to oblong-obovate or ovate, 1.6–3.5 × 0.9–2 mm; petals white or pink, narrowly obtriangular to very broadly obovate, base cuneate to rounded

Sepals and petals orange, spots magenta, without lighter red margins; bulbs off white, occasionally flecked with purple, scales always unsegmented; foothills

Flowers: petals widespreading from middle or slightly reflexed, connate 1–2 mm, white to pink, elliptic, 6–10 × 2.5–3.5 mm, apex acute, corolla 12–22 mm diam.;

apices of inner often flexuous, flattened, spineless, scabrid. Corollas dull white or pinkish-tinged (rarely rich purple), 20–30 mm, tubes 8.5–15 mm, throats

golden yellow to orange, dark purplish green or bluish, blackish purple, or white to grayish, globose to depressed-globose to ovoid or obovoid, oblong-cylindric

elliptic or, rarely, orbiculate, (0.5–) 1–3 × 0.4–1.2 (–1.5) cm, densely white-tomentose abaxially, less so and greenish adaxially, margins plane. Inflorescences

species also occurs on islands off southern California and northern Baja California, Mexico. Occasional individuals with white to grayish blue sepals occur

horizontal, relatively short and thick or elongate and slender; roots usually white; bulblets absent. Leaves (2.5–) 7–40 (–53) × (0.5–) 1–6 (–7.5) cm; petiole

floccose; blade oblanceolate, 0.5–1.2 (–1.5) × 0.08–0.2 (–0.3) cm, densely white-tomentose abaxially, subglabrous or glabrous and green adaxially, margins

dominated by a variety of pines that probably included western white pine (Pinus monticola), white bark pine (P. albicaulis), and lodgepole pine (P. contorta)

community/continuum debate. Vegetation 52: 3--19. White, D. 1941. Prairie soil as a medium for tree growth. Ecology 22: 399--407. White, D. J. 1987. Ecological Study and

absent (Ophioglossaceae). Most root hairs occur behind the root tips and die off, but they may be persistent in some groups. The stems of pteridophytes are

deciduous forest is approximately 760m in the Green Mountains of Vermont and White Mountains of New Hampshire. The transition to subalpine vegetation rises

for and a knowledge of the multitude of new plants being discovered in far-off lands. The major innovation for which Linnaeus is credited today is the consistent

oceanic North Atlantic air mass that finds its source over the cold waters off Newfoundland, Labrador, and Greenland. The influence is sporadic along the