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glabrous or puberulent to tomentose (usually bearing oil-glands, embedded pellucid glands filled with strong-scented, essential oils). Heads radiate or discoid

estipulate, sessile, subsessile, pseudopetiolate, or petiolate; blade with pellucid glands and/or canals containing essential oils, margins entire [rarely

differentiated, larger or smaller than basal laminal cells, region more pellucid or more opaque, usually specific to particular species; laminal cells usually

thick, usually pellucid, or double and short; laminal cells short. Branch leaves with costa single, ending sharply at or near apex, pellucid. Sexual condition

basal-cells, walls thin when cells enlarged, region conspicuous or not, more pellucid or otherwise more opaque; laminal cells usually linear, 8–15: 1, occasionally

enlarged, oblong, pellucid Fissidens amoenus 19 Juxtacostal cells in proximal parts of vaginant laminae not greatly enlarged, oblong, nor pellucid > 20 20 Vaginant

thick; basal juxtacostal cells undifferentiated, or broader and region pellucid, or slightly broader, walls moderately thick, and region opaque across

streaked with pellucid (schizogenous) glands containing strong-scented oils > 3 2 Leaves and/or phyllaries not dotted or streaked (never with pellucid, schizogenous

partly paleate > 11 2 Leaves and/or phyllaries dotted or streaked with pellucid (schizogenous) glands containing strong-scented oils Pectidinae 2 Leaves

epapillose, thin or thick-walled, often forming a distinct or indistinct pellucid border; medial and distal laminal cells 1-stratose, subquadrate, to short-rectangular

many, high, on both surfaces, walls thin; basal-cells sometimes oblong, pellucid, smooth, walls incrassate. Perichaetial leaves well differentiated. Seta

acuminate, hairpoint present or absent; costa single, ending before apex, pellucid, straight distally; alar cells not differentiated; medial and distal laminal

acuminate, or piliferous, concolorous, hyaline-white, or hyaline with pellucid tips, flat to subtubular, epilose, terminating in sharp or truncate point

acuminate, or subpiliferous, concolorous when muticous, or hyaline-white with pellucid tip, canaliculate-furrowed to tubular, papillose proximally, spinose-serrate

long-subulate, light green to dull-green; cells of leaf lamina longer than broad, pellucid; seta less than 1 mm; capsule turbinate when old, emergent. Seligeria careyana

Association Leaf-blade 5-15 × 2-5cm, apex rounded or blunt; abaxial surface pellucid-dotted. Flowers ca. 7 mm diam., pedicel short; sepals green, 2-3 mm, fleshy;

plants, a few bisexual flowers on some plants; tepals deciduous, yellow, pellucid-dotted, equal, glabrous. Staminate flowers: stamens 9; anthers 2-locular

naked proximally, densely foliate distally. Leaves spreading, keeled, pellucid when moist, slightly contorted when dry, variable in size and shape, 1–3

overlapping clusters of three to six; corollas are white to yellowish with pellucid glands; and staminal filaments all are villous with violet hairs. Without

triangular-lanceolate [oblong-lanceolate], linear, ± equal, margins white, narrowly pellucid, apices acute (faces glabrous [with intertwining hairs]). Receptacles convex

shut, and poros, hole, alluding to transparent spots on leaves closed with pellucid substance Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 335. Mentioned

stipules; petiole short. Leaf-blade pinnately veined, unlobed, margins entire; pellucid dots (oil cells in tissue of leaf) conspicuous or inconspicuous. Inflorescences

apex acute; costa subpercurrent; sheath clear or yellowish; limb green, pellucid; limb-sheath transition abrupt, not sharply angled; limb margins strongly

stout, terminal spine absent; alar cells subquadrate, enlarged, region pellucid; laminal cells linear, walls thick; basal juxtacostal cells shorter, sometimes

homogeneous, short-rhomboidal, elliptic, or fusiform, to 40 µm, 2–3 (–4):1, pellucid to opaque, prorate to near base, lumina larger than 10 µm, walls thin or

oblong-hexagonal, oblong-rhomboidal, or short-rectangular, 100–200 (–250) µm, pellucid, walls thin, sometimes heteromorphic with smaller cell-pairs scattered

heterogeneous, elliptic or isodiametric, to 25 µm, 1–2 (–3):1, opaque or sometimes pellucid, prorate to near base, lumina smaller than 8 µm, walls firm to strongly

base acute, apex rounded, notched, or blunt; oil cells possibly evident as pellucid dots, emitting strong aromatic odor when broken, causing sharp burning

by laminal cells almost throughout, pellucid proximally, abaxial costa cells smooth; basal laminal cells few, pellucid, smooth, region not reaching margin;

short-excurrent as a flat to conical apiculus, occasionally ending in a pellucid cell, often scalloped along margins by projecting cell-walls, at mid leaf

less papillose; apical cells occasionally hyaline, or chlorophyllose with pellucid margins. Sexual condition autoicous or paroicous; perichaetial leaves similar

basal marginal laminal cells rectangular with thickened transverse walls, pellucid in 2–4 rows; medial laminal cells roundedquadrate, slightly sinuose, thick-walled;

leaves, orangebrown to reddish black in the proximal leaves; limb green, pellucid; limb-sheath transition gradual; limb margins coarsely dentate in distal

thick and sinuose-walled throughout; basal marginal border differentiated, pellucid; distal laminal cells exceptionally variously 2-stratose and isodiametric

per lumen, centered to scattered, occasionally absent, lumina clear to pellucid. Specialized asexual reproduction none. Sexual condition dioicous; perigonia

sharply acuminate-acute; costa wide, ending well before apex; laminal cells pellucid. Sexual condition autoicous. Seta 1.2–4 cm. Capsule 2–3 mm. Spores 30–40

auricles; supra-alar cells elongate, thin and straight-walled, producing a pellucid marginal border of 20–30 cells; medial and distal laminal cells rectangular

firm-walled, irregularly hexagonal, 6.5–18 µm, greatly enlarged, ± oblong, ± pellucid in juxtacostal patches in proximal portions of vaginant laminae. Sexual

cells in leaf corners, usually only 2–4, sometimes slightly enlarged and pellucid; laminal cells linear; basal juxtacostal cells shorter. Branch leaves not

shorter at the margins, rectangular, incrassate, alar cells enlarged and pellucid. Seta (7–) 10–20 (–22) mm. Capsule yellowbrown, slightly furrowed when

firm-walled, irregularly hexagonal, 7–12 µm, smooth, larger, ± oblong, pellucid juxtacostally in proximal parts of vaginant laminae. Sexual condition gonioautoicous

appressed when dry, erect-spreading when moist, 0.4 mm; apex acute; costa pellucid proximally; laminal cells 5–6 µm, papillae 4–6; apical cell truncate, multipapillose

anthers ovate to lanceolate, apex apiculate, punctate abaxially; ovary pellucid-punctate, glabrous; ovules 39–44, multiseriate. Drupes red, becoming black

transversely septate-lobed, apex apiculate, punctate abaxially; ovary pellucid-punctate, glabrous; ovules 5+, multiseriate. Drupes red or purplish black

short-rectangular, to 45 × 25 µm, walls moderately thin, region of 5–7 × 8–14 cells, pellucid, reaching from margin 50–80% distance to costa, abruptly differentiated;

cells differentiate Meesia from Amblyodon dealbatus, which has elongate, pellucid laminal cells. None. Meesia longiseta, Meesia triquetra, Meesia uliginosa

auricles; supra-alar cells quadrate to short-rectangular, firm-walled forming ± pellucid, often indistinct or absent, marginal border of 10–15 not sinuose cells;

differentiated or almost undifferentiated, usually inconspicuous, of 4–7 × 5 cells, pellucid; laminal cells linear, 60–135 × 8–11 µm, walls not or moderately porose;

along costa, marginal cells 9–15 µm, juxtacostal cells in vaginant laminae pellucid, greatly enlarged. Sexual condition rhizautoicous and gonioautoicous. Sporophytes

(not cuspidate or attenuate); basal laminal cells linear-oblong, 50 µm, pellucid, hyaline, cells across insertion usually vivid, dark red; distal cells

short-rectangular, 10–20 × 7–9 µm, walls moderately thick, region of 4 × 4 cells, not pellucid, sometimes obscured by recurved margins, indistinctly differentiated; laminal

distinctly or indistinctly delimited, of 6–8 × 5–6 cells, opaque or moderately pellucid; laminal cells linear, 30–80 (–100) × 6–7 µm; basal-cells to 10–12 µm wide

secund, same size as stem-leaves; costae short to long excurrent, hairpoint pellucid, sometimes finely spinose; laminal margins recurved, smooth to finely serrulate;

short-rectangular, to 30 × 12–16 µm, walls moderately thick, region of many cells, pellucid, not reaching margins, gradually differentiated; laminal cells 20–40 ×

leaves, clear or dark reddish black in the proximal leaves; limb green, non-pellucid; limb-sheath transition gradual; limb margins dentate in distal 1/3–1/2

45–70 µm wide distally; basal marginal border composed of 15–40 short, pellucid, not or moderately sinuose cells; medial and distal laminal cells oblate

triangular or narrowly lanceolate; corolla yellow, (25–) 30–40 mm diam., pellucid glands absent or relatively few; proximal filaments glabrous at least distally

eglandular, lobes lanceolate to triangular; corolla yellow, 30–55 mm diam., pellucid glands absent or relatively few; proximal filaments glabrous at least distally

30–45 × 18–23 µm, walls thin, region conspicuous, of 5–10 × 5–10 cells, pellucid; laminal cells linear, 60–140 × 7–11 µm; basal-cells to 11–14 µm wide,

rows at the insertion; alar cells mostly subquadrate to short-rectangular, pellucid in 3–5 (–6) rows, forming a small, not or weakly convex group; supra-alar

3/4; apex flat or some leaves somewhat keeled, often ending in a single pellucid cell, some apices occasionally flexed sideways with the sinuose costa;

obovate, rarely elliptic, 6–14 mm; stamens 38–61; anther gland amber or pellucid; styles 5.4–8.5 mm. Capsules broadly ovoid, 3–6 × 2–4 mm, with longitudinal

(–3) rows, indistinctly differentiated or sometimes forming conspicuous pellucid belt across base. Seta 2–3 cm. Capsule 1.7–2 mm; operculum narrowly long-rostrate

subsidiary branches ascending to widely spreading; anther gland amber or pellucid. Hypericum pseudomaculatum 5 Leaf blade apex usually obtuse, rounded, retuse

widespreading when moist, 0.4 mm; apex gradually broadly acuminate; costa pellucid proximally; laminal cells 5–6 µm wide, papillae 4–6; apical cell pointed

region large; medial laminal cells quadrate to isodiametric, to 10 µm, 1: 1, pellucid, strongly mammillose-papillose over lumen or rarely off-centered, papillae

costa cells papillose, papillae large, in rows; basal laminal cells many, pellucid, smooth, region reaching margin, to 1/2 basal portion of lamina or beyond;

ending before apex, not obscured by laminal cells, often 2-fid at end, pellucid, abaxial costa cells papillose, papillae rounded-simple, in rows; basal

region often inconspicuously or not differentiated, of 6–8 × 5–6 cells, pellucid or moderately opaque; laminal cells elongate, 40–80 × 8–12 µm, walls not

the margins; distal cells quadrate to polygonal, 15–23 µm, thin-walled, pellucid, bulging and bearing 4–7 papillae per cell. Specialized asexual reproduction

long-acuminate apices usually present; limbidium sometimes present; costae pellucid; medial laminal cells finely and obscurely 1- or multipapillose over lumen

of 2–4 cell rows; supra-alar cells not sinuose, thick-walled, forming a pellucid marginal border, consisting of to 10 (–20) cells; medial and distal laminal

(–120) × 6–10 µm; basal-cells to 12–16 (–19) µm wide, region in 5–8 rows, pellucid, markedly different from more distal cells. Branch leaves with margins

3 × 0.5–0.8 mm; alar cells 12–20 × 10–15 µm, region small, conspicuous, pellucid; laminal cells (25–) 40–60 (–80) × 5–7 µm; basal juxtacostal cells 7–10

elongate-rhomboidal to fusiform or somewhat vermicular, to 30 µm, 2–3 (–4):1, pellucid, strongly papillose over lumen, papillae usually off-centered to distal

forming a lighter marginal band, juxtacostal cells larger, mostly oblong and pellucid; vaginant laminal cells somewhat larger. Sexual condition dioicous (?);

ending well before apex, slightly obscured by laminal cells distally, pellucid, abaxial costa cells papillose, papillae thick, in 1 row; basal laminal

sometimes fading in youngest leaves, not obscured by laminal cells distally, pellucid, abaxial costa cells smooth; basal laminal cells hyaline or sometimes chlorophyllose

8–15 µm, walls thin, region distinctly delimited, of 8–10 × 5–8 cells, pellucid; laminal cells linear, 50–120 × 5–10 µm; basal-cells to 10–15 µm wide,

subpercurrent; sheath orange but appearing red when still on stem; limbs green, pellucid; limb-sheath transition abrupt, sharply angled; limb margins strongly dentate

enlarged, indistinctly or rarely distinctly delimited, of to 5 × 6 cells, pellucid; laminal cells linear, 70–115 × 7–9 µm, walls not or moderately porose;

distal cells. Branch leaves often falcate-secund; alar region conspicuous, pellucid, triangular. Sexual condition autoicous. Seta orangebrown to dark-brown

15–30 × 12–20 µm, walls as thick as in laminal cells, region conspicuous, pellucid or opaque (by collapsed cytoplasm); laminal cells short to moderately elongate

cristate distally; distal laminal cells linear-rhomboidal, 7.5–10: 1, pellucid, walls thin. Seta 0.6–1.2 cm. Capsule black, 0.7–1.5 mm. Calyptra covering

obscured by laminal cells distally, rarely asymmetrically 2-fid at end, pellucid, lighter green, abaxial costa cells papillose, papillae thick, in rows;

sharply near apex, not obscured by laminal cells distally, 2-fid at end, pellucid, golden yellow to rusty brown, abaxial costa cells smooth; basal laminal

black, glandular dots, or leaves occasionally with yellowish, resinous or pellucid dots. > 3 3 Leaf blade rounded, truncate, cordate, or auriculate at base

5–7 µm; basal-cells 12–20 × 11–14 µm, region in 3 or 4 rows, moderately pellucid to opaque, markedly different from more distal cells. Branch leaves with

or very seldom sinuose, hyaline or very rarely chlorophyllose, forming pellucid, 1 (–2) -seriate border of (5–) 10–20 (–25) cells, very occasionally not

yellowish; basal marginal laminal cells quadrate to short-rectangular, pellucid, with moderately thickened and mostly sinuose walls, forming an indistinct

5–7.8 × 1.2–3.5 cm, base attenuate, margins den­ticulate with 8–20 low, ± pellucid teeth per side, 4–7 prominent veins per side, apex acute to acuminate,

short to long-acuminate; costa percurrent to long-excurrent, often forming pellucid hairpoint; laminal margins smooth, plane or rarely weakly recurved; median

8–1.3 mm; apex abruptly acute to short-acuminate; medial laminal cells pellucid. Phenology: Capsules mature Jun–Aug. Habitat: Dry siliceous boulders, calcareous

lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate; corolla yellow, (20–) 30–40 mm diam., pellucid glands absent; filaments villous, hairs yellowish to yellowish white, or

eglandular, lobes narrowly lanceolate; corolla yellow, 18–30 mm diam., pellucid glands absent; filaments villous, hairs whitish to yellowish; stigma spatulate

puberulent, lobes elliptic; corolla purple to violet, 20–30 (–35) mm diam., pellucid glands absent; filaments villous, hairs violet; stigma capitate. Capsules

glabrescent, eglandular, lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla yellow, 18–20 mm diam., pellucid glands numerous; filaments villous, hairs white; stigma capitate. Capsules

eglandular, lobes ovatelanceolate to lanceolate; corolla yellow, 15–30 mm diam., pellucid glands relatively numerous; filaments villous, hairs violet to purple;

eglandular, lobes ovatelanceolate to lanceolate; corolla yellow, 30–55 mm diam., pellucid glands absent or relatively few; proximal filaments glabrous, distal pair

are erect when dry, somewhat decurrent, and 0.5–0.6 mm in length, with pellucid costae not covered by cells apically and laminal cells bulging on both

walls as thick as in laminal cells, region conspicuous, opaque or weakly pellucid; laminal cells elongate, 30–70 × 6–11 µm; basal juxtacostal cells not clearly

walls relatively thin, region abruptly or occasionally gradually delimited, pellucid; laminal cells linear, 60–150 × 7–12 µm; basal-cells broader, shorter than

15–30 (–35) µm, walls thin, region abruptly or gradually differentiated, pellucid; laminal cells elongate, (40–) 70–140 (–170) × 6–10 µm; basal juxtacostal

incurved when dry, usually smaller than 0.8 mm; margins plane; laminal cells pellucid, papillae large, distinctly pointed-mammillose; costae with terminal projections

lobes lanceolate to triangular; corolla yellow, 14–20 (–30) mm diam., pellucid glands relatively numerous; proximal filaments glabrous, distal pair villous

purple center, white, cream with red-tinged tips, or pink, 25–35 mm diam., pellucid glands absent or relatively few; proximal filaments hairy, hairs purple

present; alar cells enlarged, to 25 × 17 µm, walls thin, region conspicuous, pellucid; laminal cells elongate to linear, 40–75 × 5–7 µm, smooth or distal cells

glandular-mucronate, surfaces shiny, glabrous, rarely ciliate or minutely pellucid-punctate. Flowers: anthers on short filaments 0.5–1.1 mm, those on long

lobes lanceolate; corolla white, sometimes yellowish, 12–20 mm diam., pellucid glands absent; filaments villous, hairs yellow to whitish; stigma capitate

linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate; corolla yellow to cream, 18–25 mm diam., pellucid glands relatively numerous; filaments villous, hairs purple to violet;

relatively thin, region distinctly or sometimes slightly differentiated, pellucid; laminal cells elongate, 25–110 × 5–8 µm; basal-cells indistinctly broader

and larger basal cells forming a usually neither pellucid nor opaque or, sometimes, slightly pellucid belt across leaf base. Brachythecium digastrum was

be elongate, and the basal marginal border is present and is composed of pellucid, esinuose cells. None. Bucklandiella afoninae, Bucklandiella microcarpa

more than one row; apices acute or obtuse, sometimes ending in a series of pellucid cells; costa subpercurrent or percurrent, sometimes as a short, smooth

precipitation. Leaves and phyllaries in all Pectis species are dotted with embedded pellucid glands (here called oil-glands). In some species, the liquid within the

habitat, or with G. caespiticia. However, in G. elongata the basal cells are pellucid, straight, and thin-walled or only slightly incrassate. In G. caespiticia

rounded-obtuse apices may occur on the same plant), relatively short costa, and lax, pellucid laminal cells. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"

features include falcate-secund, plicate leaves, very stout costa, and lax, pellucid, and quite large juxtacostal cells. None. None. window.propertiesFromH

in other rocky habitats. The color of Dichodontium ranges from a dark, pellucid, emerald green in smaller plants, to a more general sordid yellowish to

laminal cells, crenulate-serrulate leaf margin, large, more or less oblong, pellucid cells in the proximal parts of the vaginant laminae, and weak limbidium

luxuriant species with long, flexuose leaves of a dilute yellow color, and pellucid areolation due to the relative scarcity of cell ornamen-tation (papillae)

boreal or arctic areas are regularly strict when wet or dry, smooth and pellucid, characters previously assigned to var. commutatum, and seem to be characteristic

smaller, mammillose laminal cells, oblate marginal cells, absence of enlarged pellucid cells in the proximal parts of the vaginant laminae, and undivided, papillose

peristome teeth, consistently 1-stratose leaf margin, and presence of the pellucid basal marginal border. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section"

short but usually distinct, hyaline to yellowish-hyaline but otherwise pellucid marginal borders, and the peristome teeth are shorter, to 450 µm, and they

lanceolate-linear leaves with a broadly acute point. The leaf cells are pellucid and rectangular to quadrate. The setae are slightly flexuose when moist;

having a somewhat auriculate base formed by the convex group of enlarged pellucid alar cells, a conspicuous row of large cells across the insertion, strong

Syntrichia papillosissima also has larger distal laminal cells, which are more pellucid than those of S. ruralis. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"

leaves and conspicuous, long and broad decurrencies. In B. ruderale, the pellucid or opaque alar regions reach from the margin 33% distance to the costa

even teeth, narrow laminal cells, small group of enlarged and more or less pellucid alar cells, autoicous sexual condition, and smooth seta are unique for

habitats, cells in the leaf corners of S. plumosum can be enlarged and pellucid, but if so, small opaque cells remain between them and laminal cells. None

around including the apex, and the basal marginal cells form a distinct pellucid border consisting of 5–18 cells. It is likely to be mistaken for C. corrugatus

1-stratose leaf margins, but is readily recognized by having a prominent, pellucid basal marginal border of thin-walled and not sinuose cells. None. None

typically a yellow-green, and there is usually a vivid contrast between the pellucid green laminal cells and the clear basal ones. Stem hyalodermis cells are

distinguished by style length and anther gland (black in H. punctatum, amber or pellucid in H. pseudomaculatum). D. E. Culwell’s (1970) record of one specimen of

margins; in B. frigidum and B. rutabulum, that may consist of a fairly large pellucid group in leaf corners, but the region never reaches the margins where cells

not be mistaken for B. microcarpa, the long basal marginal border of 8–15 pellucid, straight-walled cells in the latter being immediately diagnostic. Moreover

papillae. Hymenostylium recurvirostrum is similar in the irregularly angular, pellucid laminal cells but is also distinguished by the absence of an adaxial costal

papillae short, simple; leaves lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate. > 26 26 Costae pellucid; leaf hair-points usually present. Claopodium 26 Costae opaque; leaf hair-points