salverform, 12–40 × 8–20 cm; outer tepals usually widely spreading when fully open, yellow, orange, brownish, or greenish [to red or purple], linear to narrowly
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perianth at anthesis closed (not exposing stamens) or partially to fully open (partially or fully exposing stamens); tepals 6, persistent, withering and shriveling
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anthers sometimes connate basally; style eccentric [central] when flower fully open, recurving, slender, branching between middle of filaments and anther
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rather than solitary. Pedicels 1–3 mm. Flowers 6 × 6–12 mm fresh (when fully open), 6–10 mm wide dried; calyx 3.9–7 × 3.6–7.2 mm, stellate-hirsute, capitate-glandular
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galeate adaxial lip. The flowers appear to be in bud even when they are fully open. T. I. Chuang and L. R. Heckard (1973) placed species of Chloropyron in
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with white or yellow-green along margins, loosening only to slightly open to fully open at anthesis, (5.9–) 8.5–21.4 × 0.5–2.3 cm, margins undulate; spadix
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have fully open flowers, and the ovaries swell progressively. In most plants of S. ovalis var. erostellata, the flowers are never quite fully open, and
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or variously angled to flattened. Flowers diurnal (a few species remaining open at night) [or nocturnal], bisexual (at least appearing so) or functionally
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Accurate measurements of diameter require fully opened flowers (in some species the flower may not be fully open if the angle between the inner tepals and
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(3) maximal expansion of flowers in late afternoon, sometimes remaining fully open at sunset (unlike any other species of Coryphantha); (4) flowers larger
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suffruticosum, the stigmas are clearly exserted even before the flowers are fully open. The label for Raven 26451 (Wyoming, Park County, MO) notes: “protogynous;
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if 3 the 3d modified into sterile staminode), all on side opposite lip, fully or partially adnate to style, forming column; pollen-grains in monads or
41 KB (2,210 words) - 05:19, 30 July 2020
of mature, closed or newly opened cones, not of old, open, persistent cones or of weathered serotinous cones. Mature, open cones may be hygroscopic, closing
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spikelets. Culms 20-250 cm, erect or decumbent, usually with 2-5 nodes. Sheaths open; auricles absent; ligules membranous, ciliate. Inflorescences terminal, panicles
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unequal (Tiarella); ovary superior to inferior, 1–2 (–3) -locular, ovaries fully connate when 1-locular, proximally connate to varying degrees when 2-locular
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stolons, 1–100+-flowered, often cymose, sometimes solitary or racemiform, open to ± congested; bracts present, usually ± reduced; bracteoles absent. Pedicels
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perianth usually white to red or variously yellow, broadly campanulate when open, cylindric to urceolate when closed, glabrous or pubescent or glandular abaxially;
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columella (except S. trichodon). Calyptra cucullate or mitrate, not erose, not fully covering operculum, smooth. North America, Mexico, Central America, South
22 KB (1,082 words) - 06:48, 30 July 2020
rhizomatous or suckering and forming scattered colonies. Leaves partly to fully unfolded; petiole (5–) 9.3–16.7 (–24) mm; blade elliptic or oblong to ovate
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649, 653, 656, 661. Shrubs, 1–5 m. Stems 1–20, forming colonies. Leaves fully unfolded; petiole (9–) 12.1–19.9 (–28) mm; blade ovate-oval, (33–) 41–58
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sparsely short-hairy, or sparsely glandular-hairy, not viscid; bracts not fully appressed, scalelike, deltate, 2–4 mm, apex mucronate or acuminate, surfaces
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Association Shrubs or small trees, 1–7 m. Stems 1–20, ± colonial. Leaves fully unfolded or nearly so; petiole (8–) 11.3–18.1 (–25) mm; blade elliptic-oblong
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pseudointravaginal, or extra vaginal; prophylls of intravaginal shoots 2-keeled and open, of pseudointravaginal shoots not keeled and tubular, of extravaginal shoots
87 KB (2,178 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants forming small to large, open colonies, acaulescent or occasionally caulescent and arborescent; rosettes
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thick), orangebrown, aging darker orangebrown, rough. Buds ovoid, to 2cm, fully 1cm broad, redbrown, very resinous; scale margins white-fringed. Leaves 2–5
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thickened, indistinctly cross veined. Inflorescences open or congested, sometimes spicate to subcapitate, fully bracteate, bracts usually bearing a small blade
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Inflorescences: peduncle absent; spathe bright-yellow [white], boatshaped, open fully at maturity, not enclosing spadix; spadix nearly cylindric. Flowers bisexual;
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Inflorescences terminal atop a semiwoody stalk, spicate, racemose, or paniculate, open to dense, bracteate, occasionally bulbiferous, with flowers borne singly
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Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Trees, 10-18 m; crowns open. Bark light-brown to gray with shallow ridges and plates. Wood hard. Branches:
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mostly tropical and subtropical with relatively few species reaching into fully temperate climates. The South American native Abutilon megapotamicum (A.
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pubescence. Inflorescences solitary flowers or open, terminal panicles. Flowers: calyx 5–6 mm, lobes not overlapping, fully reflexed in fruit, lanceolate; corolla
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lax, spreading, glabrous adaxially. Panicles 10-30 cm long, 2.5-10 cm wide, open or contracted; rachises villous or puberulent; branches 10-25, 15-60 mm long
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venation palmate. Inflorescences terminal, (1–) 3–100 (–250) -flowered, ± cymes, open or of 1–several loose to capitate glomerules; bracts present, reduced; bracteoles
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purple, 2.5–6.9 (–7.5) × (0.7–) 0.9–4 (–4.2) mm. Fruits usually fertile and fully developed, somewhat torulose, 0.6–1.2 (–1.3) mm wide; septum not fenestrate
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America. Only a few species in the section are found outside North America. Fully mature perigynia are a prerequisite for keying. Perigynium measurements are
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ascending or drooping, glabrous adaxially. Panicles 8-20 cm long, 41-90 mm wide, open; rachises sparsely pilose to hirsute; branches (5) 10-15 (18), 2-6 cm long
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of white, spongy tissue. Peduncles 4-6 cm; rames 4-15 cm, not open, usually almost fully exserted at maturity; internodes 4-6 mm, straight, from mostly
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Treatment on page 438. Mentioned on page 425, 439. Plants forming small or large, open colonies, acaulescent or occasionally caulescent and arborescent, rhizomatous;
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some shrubs and a few small to medium-sized trees. Most species occur in open habitats, ranging from dry to wet, with a few species of Ludwigia aquatic
19 KB (805 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
Inflorescences terminal, 2–50 (–60) -flowered, narrowly to widely cymose, open or congested; bracts present, leaflike or reduced; bracteoles absent. Pedicels
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enclosing 1 or more bulbs, gray or brown, reticulate, cells rather coarse-meshed, open, fibrous; inner coats whitish, cells vertically elongate and regular or obscure
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several ploidy shifts, even within some taxa. The exact patterns cannot be fully tracked, given the number of taxa with undocumented chromosome numbers and
16 KB (1,157 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
margins entire, apex acute; petals long-lasting, erect, ± connivent, not fully concealing stamens and ovary, maroon-red, purple, greenish tan, or 2-colored
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branched distally, 8–12-flowered, taller than foliage. Flowers often remaining open into night, fragrance strongly sweet, lemony; perianth-tube shortly funnelform
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scabridulous elsewhere. Primary panicles 3-10 cm long, nearly as wide when fully expanded; rachises and branches often stiffly ascending or spreading, usually
10 KB (1,144 words) - 04:02, 30 July 2020
generally more or less fully adnate to the carpels (for example, Amelanchier, Crataegus). The result is that a terminal orifice may remain open, often bearing
23 KB (1,553 words) - 13:58, 30 July 2020
inflorescences with wide-spreading branchlets. Yucca pallida 12 Plants in open colonies of 2–15 rosettes each, or sometimes solitary; leaf blade flattened
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Flowering late spring–early summer. Habitat: Roadsides, waste places, homesteads, open forests, stream banks Elevation: 0–1000 m Generated Map Legacy Map Introduced; N
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FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 438. Mentioned on page 425. Plants forming open colonies, acaulescent or short-caulescent; rosettes usually small. Stems
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to stout. Leaves basal and cauline, polystichous, mostly 3-ranked; sheaths open apically, glabrous; ligules present or absent; blades flat, V-shaped in cross-section
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reproduction absent. Sexual condition gonioautoicous. Seta 1.5–4 mm. Capsule fully exserted, cylindric, 1.4–2.6 mm, smooth or sometimes slightly plicate distally;
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striped with both, open only apically at maturity, enclosing spadix; spadix ovoid to globose Symplocarpus 7 Spathe bright yellow, open fully at maturity, not
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in a wide range of habitats, from protected, shaded and damp or wet to open, fully or diffusely lit and dry in coastal mixed and coniferous forests, woodlands
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palea keels finely scabrous; anthers 0.8-1.2 mm, poorly formed, sacs not fully maturing, not dehiscing, about 0.1 mm in diameter. 2n = ca. 65, 70. Poa laxa
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narrowly campanulate with truncate base, not elongating in fruit, throat open, (length 2 times diam.); sepals erect in bud, becoming widely spreading after
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rooting at the nodes, branched, emergent or immersed. Leaves cauline; sheaths open, not inflated or somewhat inflated; ligules hyaline; pseudopetioles present
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light purplish central vein, narrowly lanceolate, 4–6.5 × 1–2 mm; stamens fully exposed at anthesis; filaments 4–7 mm; anthers often light purple. Capsules
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matlike colonies. Stems decumbent to decumbent-ascending basally, becoming fully erect at least in inflorescence, simple, sometimes few-branched from proximal
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projected to the water surface by the elongate peduncle. The flowers may open fully even when completely submersed. First collected in North America in Calcasieu
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stiff. Inflorescences (1–) 2–40 (–100) -flowered, cymose, congested to very open. Pedicels ± straight in fruit, (0.1–) 0.2–3 (–5) cm, proximal often significantly
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sporophores absent or misshapen; plants mostly over 12 cm; leaf sheaths open or closed. > 2 1 Leaf blades mainly oblong to linear, mostly 2–4 cm, all
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subcordate. Primary panicles 3-12 cm, 1/4 - 3/4 as wide as long, usually open, well-exserted, rather dense; rachises glabrous, puberulent, or more or less
16 KB (1,305 words) - 04:02, 30 July 2020
occasionally present, immersed to emergent, yellow (rarely brown), ovoid with an open mouth, faintly but distinctly ribbed, exothecial cells rectangular, thick-walled
8 KB (871 words) - 06:49, 30 July 2020
cymose, sometimes racemiform when prostrate, ± compact (P. arizonica) to very open. Pedicels recurved or straight in fruit, (0.5–) 1–4 (–6) cm, proximal often
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species on Benson’s distribution maps have since been resolved either as fully isolated biological species or as misidentified or mismapped records of allopatric
40 KB (1,967 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
blades 1-2.5 mm wide, flat or folded, moderately thick. Panicles lax to erect, open; branches ascending or widely spreading, sinuous and flexuous to fairly straight
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emerging shoots usually densely villous, often with mixture of glandular-hairs, fully developed twigs hairy and/or glandular-hairy, or glabrate or glabrous, twig
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obtuse to acute; blades 1-3 mm wide, flat or folded. Panicles lax to erect, open; branches ascending or widely spreading, somewhat sinuous and flexuous to
6 KB (1,210 words) - 03:19, 30 July 2020
thin and soon withering, flag leaf-blades 0.7-5.5 cm. Panicles lax to erect, open; branches ascending or widely spreading, sinuous and flexuous to fairly straight
7 KB (1,302 words) - 03:19, 30 July 2020
fairly persistent, flag leaf-blades (1.5) 2.5-9 cm. Panicles lax to erect, open; branches ascending or widely spreading, somewhat sinuous and flexuous to
8 KB (1,296 words) - 03:19, 30 July 2020
folded, or somewhat involute. Panicles 4-15 cm, erect, loosely contracted or open, with 1-3 branches per node; branches ascending or widely spreading, fairly
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20–33 mm; tubes 13–18 mm; beak, and sometimes abaxial lip, partially to fully exserted; beak adaxially green to yellowish, 8–15 mm; abaxial lip incurved
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interpreted broadly to include the period when the fruit is more or less fully formed but not yet ripe. The fruiting period provided covers the entire range
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Flowering late spring–early summer. Habitat: Dry meadow edges, sage scrub, open woodlands and edges, not on soils derived from limestone Elevation: 600-3100
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Inflorescences solitary flowers at stolon nodes or 3–30-flowered, cymose, open. Pedicels straight or slightly curved in fruit, (1–) 2–12 (–17) cm, proximal
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below the spike in diploids and tetraploids, even if hollow below. Sheaths open; auricles present, often deciduous at maturity; ligules membranous; blades
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boscii usually grows in semi-open areas in dry oak-hickory woods of the eastern United States. The primary panicles are open-pollinated and are produced
8 KB (1,029 words) - 04:01, 30 July 2020
2-parted; margins cleft into narrow, linear-oblong lobes. Inflorescences open racemes or panicles. Flowers blue, purple, occasionally greenish purple,
6 KB (702 words) - 08:44, 30 July 2020
(bicolored), oblong to spatulate, emarginate-apiculate; nectar chamber simple, open, not covered by proximal thickening style. Pollen yellow, grains reticulate
34 KB (1,067 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
somewhat open. Pedicellate spikelets 2.5-5.5 mm, unawned or with awns to 1 mm. Generated Map Legacy Map Fla. Schizachyrium rhizomatum grows in open glades
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otherwise glabrous, not glaucous. Inflorescences terminal, 5–many-flowered, open, conspicuously branched cymes; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 1–5 mm, wholly
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late spring–early summer. Habitat: Calcareous prairies, fens, cedar glades, open woodlands, moist depressions Elevation: 50–2400 m Generated Map Legacy Map
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1.4–1.8 × 1–1.5 mm. 2n = 52. Phenology: Fruiting summer. Habitat: Moist, open or shaded habitats, especially meadows and seepage slopes, usually on basic
7 KB (602 words) - 02:06, 30 July 2020
crenulate. Inflorescences cymose, rarely capitate or umbellate, diffuse to rather open, (1–) 3–20 × 2–25 (–30) cm; branches dichotomous, tomentose, floccose, or
15 KB (1,306 words) - 10:30, 30 July 2020
Flowering Jun–Aug; fruiting Jul–Nov. Habitat: Stream banks, flood plains, moist open forests, woodland margins, wet meadows and fields, wetlands, roadside ditches
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Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Alkaline clay soil in floodplains and moist open meadows Elevation: 0-3500 m Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., Man., N
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plumose to tops of bases). 2n = 16. Phenology: Flowering Aug–Oct. Habitat: Open, sandy and shale soils inland, sand dunes or serpentine near coast Elevation:
5 KB (660 words) - 20:25, 29 July 2020
Interspecific cholla hybrids are known, and many have been named. Only two are fully treated here: Cylindropuntia ×kelvinensis, because it is so widespread, and
17 KB (804 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
maturing acropetally, terminal, racemose or umbellate (in small plants), usually open, bracteate, 1–25 (–45) -flowered; bracts usually 1–2 per flower, often with
37 KB (2,628 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
spikelets, broadly deltoid; upper glumes and lower lemmas subequal, usually fully covering the upper florets; upper florets 1.5-1.8 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide
9 KB (1,078 words) - 04:04, 30 July 2020
entire to deeply 2–4-lobed or toothed (usually on 1 side). Inflorescences open, flowers arranged individually and/or in noncapitate glomerules. Pedicels
9 KB (848 words) - 14:08, 30 July 2020
5 mm. 2n = 20, 40, 60. Phenology: Flowering (Apr–)May–Jun(–Jul). Habitat: Open woodlands, wet meadow margins, foothill woodlands, conifer forests, sometimes
9 KB (821 words) - 11:33, 30 July 2020
pistillate flowers with 1 scale with fused margins (perigynium) enclosing flower, open only at apex; perianth absent; stamens 1–3; styles deciduous or variously
80 KB (3,349 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
differences. This information did not appear in time to be accommodated fully in the present treatment. The two species may be distinguished as follows
9 KB (702 words) - 05:27, 30 July 2020
distributed species in the genus, with significant additional work needed to fully elucidate its variation patterns. The treatment presented here differs from
10 KB (1,045 words) - 14:07, 30 July 2020
Jun–Sep. Habitat: Crevices in volcanic, granitic, and sandstone outcrops, open rocky ridges and slopes, bases of cliffs Elevation: 300–3000 m Generated
9 KB (991 words) - 20:26, 29 July 2020
gravelly washes and slopes in desert shrub communities, juniper woodlands, open, sandy short-grass plains Elevation: 200–1500 m Generated Map Legacy Map
7 KB (777 words) - 20:26, 29 July 2020
Ludwigia characteristically grow in wet habitats, and some are nearly or fully aquatic. Those species often have adaptations for growing in water: aerenchyma—respiratory
30 KB (1,654 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
pink; styles 3 or 4. Pomes deep red to red-burgundy younger, deep purple fully ripe, ellipsoid to suborbicular, (9–) 11–12 mm, glabrous; sepals eroded or
9 KB (841 words) - 13:47, 30 July 2020
leaves 2–4 (–6); leaflets of proximalmost 2–5 per side. Inflorescences green, open, comprising 1/3–1/2 of stem, flowers usually arranged individually, glandular-hairs
6 KB (835 words) - 14:07, 30 July 2020