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mouth usually oblique; annulus usually absent; operculum conic, convex, umbonate, or rarely rostrate, beak short, blunt; peristome double, single, rudimentary

not strongly veined. Upper florets acute to obtuse, sometimes minutely umbonate or apiculate. Hybridization, often followed by segregation in autogamous

sometimes sparsely so, hairs sometimes papillose-based. Upper florets pointed, umbonate, mucronate, or apiculate. None. Dichanthelium boscii, Dichanthelium commutatum

peltate. Fruits biturbinate or fusiform, constricted beyond base, apex umbonate, stiffly coriaceous, smooth or irregularly wrinkled, glabrous, with 10

floats and a blue-green algal colony. Microsporocarps globose, apically umbonate, 10–27µm diam., containing to 130 microsporangia; microsporangia containing

ellipsoid to obovoid, glabrous or pubescent. Upper florets subacute or minutely umbonate. None. Dichanthelium laxiflorum, Dichanthelium strigosum "decumbent" is

orange or purplish spot at the base, with 7-9 prominent veins. Upper florets umbonate, sometimes minutely so. None. Dichanthelium malacophyllum, Dichanthelium

sharply defined, circular or slitlike pit in the outer wall; operculum umbonate, with a short beak; peristome teeth 64, pale, single, with a thin vertical

walls straight; stomata present in neck; annulus absent; operculum conic, umbonate to mammillate; peristome single, rarely absent, erect-spreading, sometimes

irregularly incised. Indusia membranous, flat or concave centrally, not umbonate, shriveled at maturity. 2n = 164. Habitat: Soil pockets in sheltered rock

obovoid, puberulent or some¬times glabrous. Upper florets blunt or minutely umbonate. Dichanthelium sect. Sphaerocarpa extends from the southeastern United

cells; peristome and annulus absent; operculum strongly convex and bluntly umbonate or weakly convex and more or less apiculate; columella included. Calyptra

typically furcate near base, bifurcate or 3-partite, (not to slightly umbonate, smooth or moderately to strongly tuberculate). Stems few to several from

hypophysis not enlarged or inflated; operculum flat to convex, apiculate or umbonate; peristome single, typically exostomial but sometimes of unknown origin

pyriform, 2–6 mm; hypophysis little differentiated; operculum short-conic to umbonate; peristome double; exostome yellow, teeth lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate;

brownish gray, globose, 2–3 mm, base constricted, trigonous, apex usually umbonate, tuberculate or verrucose, rarely smooth, papillate at base; hypogynium

usually pubescent, sometimes glabrous. Upper florets subacute to acute or umbonate. None. Dichanthelium depauperatum, Dichanthelium linearifolium, Dichanthelium

spreading), several-rayed, rays furcate or simple, (slightly to strongly umbonate, nearly smooth to strongly tuberculate). Stems several from base, decumbent

constricted beyond base, apex umbonate, stiffly coriaceous; ribs 10 low, rounded, each swollen at junction of distal, umbonate portion, glabrous, smooth,

1.1-1.7 mm long, 0.6-1 mm wide, ellipsoid, obtuse to acute or minutely umbonate or apiculate. 2n = 18. Generated Map Legacy Map Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash

so), 4–6 (–10) -rayed, rays usually furcate near base, rarely bifurcate, (umbonate, tuberculate throughout). Stems simple from base, erect, (usually unbranched)

with prominent veins, pointed. Upper florets acute to acuminate, sometimes umbonate or apiculate, apices often with a minute tuft of hairs. None. Dichanthelium

rarely ovoid, 1–2.5 (–3) mm, base narrowly constricted, trigonous, apex umbonate, papillate-verrucose, proximal papillae elongate, retrorse, spiculose;

than the spikelets; lower florets sterile; upper florets often minutely umbonate. 2n = 18. Generated Map Legacy Map Del., W.Va., Fla., Conn., D.C., N.J

subtending bracts ovate, 3-7 mm, puberulous; ostiole closed by 3 flat or nearly umbonate apical bracts 3-4 mm wide. Phenology: Flowering all year. Habitat: Disturbed

glabrous; ostiole closed by 3 small, flat, apical bracts 1.5-2 mm wide, umbonate. Phenology: Flowering all year. Habitat: Disturbed thickets and hammocks

cm; subtending bracts ovate, 1-2 mm; ostiole with 3 subtending bracts, umbonate. Phenology: Flowering spring–summer. Habitat: Disturbed sites Elevation:

or white with yellow basal spot; anthers yellow; stigmas 5-7, disc conic-umbonate. Capsules subglobose to obconic, to 1.5 cm, 1-2.5 times longer than broad

obtuse to subacute; ostiole closed by 3 flat, apical bracts 2-2.5 mm wide, umbonate. Phenology: Flowering all year. Habitat: Disturbed sites Elevation: 0-20

smooth. Tubercles sessile, green or redbrown, pyramidal, birettaform or umbonate, 0.15–0.25 × 0.3–0.4 mm. Phenology: Fruiting summer–late fall. Habitat:

(stellate-scalelike), rays fused (webbed) in proximal 1/2 or to tips, (umbonate, nearly smooth to moderately tuberculate). Stems simple from base, erect

to tubercle, smooth. Tubercles white, gray or pale-brown, pyramidal or umbonate, trigonous, 0.1–0.15 × 0.15–0.2 mm. Phenology: Fruiting summer–winter.

short-stalked), several-rayed, rays furcate near base, (usually strongly umbonate, roughly tuberculate, less so over umbo). Stems few to several from base

rays furcate or bifurcate, distinct or slightly fused at base, (sometimes umbonate, tuberculate throughout). Stems few to several from base, decumbent, 0

sublenticular (readily detached from pedicel at maturity, apex truncate [umbonate]); valves (1-seeded), prominently reticulate, glabrous; replum rounded

petals yellow or very rarely pink; anthers yellow; stigmas 4-6, disc conic-umbonate. Capsules clavate, to 2.5 cm, sparsely to sometimes densely strigose. 2n

purplish at the base; lower florets sterile; upper florets with minutely umbonate apices. 2n = 18. Generated Map Legacy Map Wash., Va., Alta., B.C., Man

pilose; petals with greenish basal spot; stigmatic disc conic, usually umbonate; capsules distinctly short-valvate (sect. Californicum). Papaver californicum

throughout, trichomes (sessile), several-rayed, rays furcate, (slightly umbonate, tuberculate throughout). Stems several from base, decumbent to ascending

proximal to tubercle, smooth at 40X. Tubercles stramineous to whitish, umbonate to subconic, 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.2 mm, apex acute. 2n = 20. Phenology: Fruiting

tubercle, very finely reticulate at 40X. Tubercles stramineous to whitish, umbonate to subconic, 0.2–0.4 × 0.2–0.5 mm, apex rounded to acute. 2n = 10. Phenology:

7) -rayed, rays bifurcate or incompletely so, (relatively short, stout, umbonate, moderately tuberculate to nearly smooth, lower layer smoother). Stems

ovate, 3-5 mm, silky-puberulous; ostiole closed by 3 bracts 2-3 mm wide, umbonate. Phenology: Flowering all year. Habitat: Disturbed thickets Elevation:

spot, to 2.5 cm; anthers yellow; stigmas 4-8 (-11), disc conic, usually umbonate. Capsules sessile, ellipsoid to obovoid-turbinate, distinctly ribbed, to

8-15 mm; subtending bracts ovate, 5-7 mm; ostiole closed by 3 bracts, umbonate. Phenology: Flowering all year. Habitat: Disturbed thickets Elevation:

mm; ostiole ca. 1 mm wide, subtended by 3 bracts, bracts ca. 1 mm, not umbonate. Phenology: Flowering all year. Habitat: Disturbed thickets Elevation:

entirely enclosing young syconia, glabrous; ostiole closed by 3 apical bracts, umbonate. Phenology: Flowering all year. Habitat: Disturbed sites Elevation: 0-10

the descriptions. Umbonate trichomes have a distinctive raised mound at the center; unless otherwise stated, trichomes are not umbonate. Tubercles are bumps

horizontal to nutant, short and broadly pyriform, 1.2–2.5 mm; operculum convex, umbonate; peristome absent. Spores 10–14 µm, ± smooth. Phenology: Capsules mature

longitudinal bands, ovoid, shorter than scales, 3–4 mm, smooth, shining, apex umbonate; hypogynium golden brown, rather broad, base obtuse-trigonous, supporting

puberulent; ostiole subtended by 3 bracts, bracts ovate, ca. 1 × 2-3 mm, slightly umbonate. Phenology: Flowering spring–summer. Habitat: Tropical hammocks Elevation:

attenuate, somewhat depressed between angles, trigonous, not porose, apex umbonate; hypogynium obsolete, reduced to distinct brown band at base of achene

operculum deciduous, convex, nearly flat when dry, apex bluntly and obliquely umbonate to short-rostrate; peristome inserted somewhat below mouth, prostome present

6-rayed, or 8-rayed, rays fused at base, furcate or bifurcate, (slightly umbonate, tuberculate throughout). Stems simple or few to several from base, erect

(sessile or short-stalked), 5–8-rayed, rays distinct, furcate or bifurcate, (umbonate, tuberculate and the center less so). Stems several from base, erect or

short-stalked), several-rayed, rays distinct, furcate or bifurcate, (somewhat umbonate, finely tuberculate to ± smooth). Stems simple or few to several from base

(except style), trichomes several-rayed, rays furcate, fused at base, (umbonate, tuberculate throughout). Stems simple from base, erect, (arising from

dark longitudinal bands, ovoid, 1.5–2 mm, smooth, shining, apex distinctly umbonate; hypogynium somewhat reduced, obscurely 3-angled, low, covered with whitish

reticulations smooth or pubescent with tufts of yellowish hairs, apex umbonate; hypogynium distinctly 3-lobed, lobes ovatelanceolate, obtuse or subacute

throughout, trichomes several-rayed, rays (1-bifurcate or) 2-bifurcate, (low-umbonate, tubercles relatively few, small). Stems several from base, decumbent to

(sessile or stipitate), 5–8-rayed, rays furcate or bifurcate, (rounded to umbonate, strongly tuberculate, less so or smooth over center). Stems few from base

2-0.4 mm, acute, upper florets 0.8-1.1 mm, broadly ellipsoid, minutely umbonate. 2n = unknown. Generated Map Legacy Map Ga., La., Ala., N.C., S.C., Miss

scarious, midvein green, excurrent. Achenes globose or ovoid, 2–3 mm, bluntly umbonate, surface distinctly reticulate, irregularly ridged toward apex, basal papillae

trichomes few-rayed, rays furcate, sometimes slightly fused at base, (umbonate, lightly tuberculate to nearly smooth). Stems several from base, erect

(short-stalked), several-rayed, rays furcate or bifurcate, (sometimes slightly umbonate, prominently tuberculate). Stems simple or few from base, prostrate to

interangular lines and little pubescence, globose to ovoid, 1.5–2 mm, apex umbonate, surface reticulate to completely smooth, somewhat verrucose in some forms

rays distinct or slightly fused at base, furcate or bifurcate, (strongly umbonate, tuberculate, tubercles often relatively larger, fewer over center). Stems

deep notch on one side, often with a U-shaped gap between 2 of the rays, umbonate, strongly tuberculate). Stems few to several from base, erect, (usually

petals yellow or white; anthers yellow; stigmas 5-6, disc flat to convex-umbonate. Capsules subglobose to ellipsoid, conspicuously ribbed, to 2.5 times longer

tinged yellow basally; anthers yellow; stigmas 5-6, disc convex to conic-umbonate. Capsules obovoid-obconic, to 2 cm, strigose with light-brown trichomes

1.5-1.8 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, broadly ellipsoid or obovoid, minutely umbonate. 2n = 18. Generated Map Legacy Map Md., Okla., Miss., Tex., La., W.Va.

mm, forming a pointed beak, upper florets 1.9-3.1 mm, obovoid, minutely umbonate. 2n = 18. Generated Map Legacy Map Conn., N.J., N.Y., Del., D.C., Wis.

lower florets sterile; upper florets with a minute tuft of hairs around the umbonate apices. 2n = 18. Generated Map Legacy Map Md., Okla., Miss., Tex., La.

especially towards the bases; lower florets sterile; upper florets minutely umbonate. 2n = 18. Generated Map Legacy Map Kans., Okla., Tex., Mo., Tenn., Ark

pointed at maturity, upper florets 1.7-2.3 mm, ovoid-ellipsoid, minutely umbonate. 2n = 18. Generated Map Legacy Map Conn., N.J., N.Y., Del., D.C., Wis.

slightly pointed at maturity, upper florets obovoid, 1.9-2.7 mm, minutely umbonate. 2n = 18. Dichanthelium perlongum grows in dry to mesic prairies, and is

spikelets, with 7 or 9 prominent veins; lower florets sterile; upper florets umbonate, apices with a minute tuft of hairs. 2n = 36. Generated Map Legacy Map

pubescent, trichomes (subsessile), 8–13-rayed, rays usually furcate, distinct, (umbonate, usually tuberculate, less so over umbo). Stems several (to several hundred)

plant, with basal, acroscopic lobe; indusia flat to concave centrally, not umbonate, shriveled at maturity. Phanerophlebia auriculata 1 Pinnae lacking basal

trichomes (sessile or short-stalked), 5–8-rayed, rays furcate or bifurcate, (umbonate, rough to finely tuberculate throughout). Stems several from base, prostrate

throughout, trichomes 6–8-rayed, rays furcate near base, fused at base, (umbonate, strongly tuberculate throughout). Stems several from base, decumbent,

nearly black, oblong, 1.3–1.6 × 0.9–1.2 mm, strongly small-pitted; caruncle umbonate, depressed-conic, 0.5 × 0.7 mm. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting spring

trichomes (sessile), several-rayed, rays fused (webbed) most of their length, (umbonate, peltate, tuberculate throughout). Stems few to several from base, erect

3–6-rayed, rays distinct and simple or furcate, (in 2 layers, lower layer umbonate, smooth to finely tuberculate, some often with a U-shaped notch). Stems

irregularly large-pitted, adaxial faces longitudinally sulcate; caruncle flat, umbonate, 2-lobed, 0.4 × 0.7 mm. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting late winter–spring

pubescent, trichomes mostly 5-rayed, rays bifurcate, slightly fused at base, (umbonate, strongly tuberculate except nearly smooth over umbo). Stems several from

(often stalked, appressed), several-rayed, rays furcate or bifurcate, (umbonate, strongly tuberculate throughout). Stems several from base, ± erect, exceeding

sessile, rarely short-stalked), several-rayed, rays furcate or bifurcate, (umbonate, tuberculate throughout). Stems several from base, usually prostrate, rarely