Search results

and producing shoots at every 2d node, glabrate to densely spreading-hairy or appressed-ascending hairy. Leaves deciduous, basal, alternate, ternate; stipules

simple or branched caudices, sometimes stoloniferous). Stems erect to ascending, decumbent, or prostrate, simple or branched, glabrous or hairy, sometimes

architecture","body architecture or pubescence or relief","body architecture or shape","body relief","branch arrangement or course or shape","branch structure

perennial, rarely annual or biennial, rosetted to densely matted, 0.1–7 (–10) dm, sparsely to densely hairy hairs straight, crisped, and/or cottony, sometimes

rarely revolute, surfaces (smooth to papillate or scabrous), hairy or glabrous. Inflorescences racemes or panicles (panicle branches racemelike), 5–20 (–50)

cushions, or mats, dark green, reddish-brown, or olive brown, dull. Stems erect-ascending and often 2-fid, or creeping, branches many, erect or ascending, simple

individually subtend some or all of the florets) or epaleate (lacking paleae); epaleate receptacles sometimes bristly or hairy or bearing subulate enations

and 2-ribbed, rarely beaked, bodies smooth, muricate, ribbed, or rugulose (glabrous or hairy, hairs often glandular); pappi (rarely 0) usually persistent

annual, biennial, or perennial, rarely subshrubs, not viviparous, 0.2–10 dm, glabrous or hairy. Stems erect, ascending, procumbent, or creeping, usually

glandular-pubescent, puberulent, or retrorsely hairy, cymes 1 or 2 per node; peduncles and pedicels spreading to ascending or erect, rarely appressed. Flowers: calyx lobes:

elliptic, or linear, margins entire. Thyrses continuous or interrupted, cylindric or secund, axis retrorsely hairy, glandular-pubescent, or puberulent

annual or perennial; usually synoecious, sometimes monoecious, gynodioecious, dioecious, and/or asexual; with or without rhizomes or stolons, densely to loosely

reddish purple), sparsely to densely strigose (hairs short to long), eglandular to densely stipitate-glandular (usually more densely so distally). Receptacles

creeping, ascending, erect, arching, or pendent, green or reddish, densely to loosely terete-foliate, rarely subcomplanate-foliate, irregularly or regularly

679, 680. Herbs, annual; hemiparasitic. Stems erect or ascending, rarely decumbent, not fleshy, hairy or glabrous. Leaves cauline, alternate; petiole absent;

glabrous or hairy; blade monomorphic, base usually asymmetric, rarely symmetric, margins entire or variously toothed, surfaces glabrous or hairy; venation

Annuals or perennials, (5–) 20–300 (–500) cm. Stems erect or ascending to decumbent or procumbent, usually branched distally. Leaves basal and/or cauline;

superficial or immersed; peristome double, rarely single or absent; exostome teeth 0, 8, or 16, papillose or striate; endostome segments 0, 8, or 16. Calyptra

persistent or deciduous, erect, spreading, or reflexed, rarely ascending, lanceolate or ovatelanceolate, 5–30 (–40) × 1.5–6 mm, margins entire or pinnatifid

Herbs or shrubs [trees, rarely lianas], annual or perennial, with taproot or thickened or tuberous rootstock. Stems erect, ascending, decumbent, or prostrate

mm, glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent; sepals 4, usually erect to spreading, rarely reflexed (A. glomerulans), ovate, glabrous or pubescent; petals

white, or yellow (tubes glabrous or sparsely hairy, laminae spreading, reflexed, or drooping, linear to elliptic or obovate, abaxial faces glabrous or moderately

tipped with turions, or rarely buds (gemmae) in leaf-axils; with woody base or caudex, or with taproots. Stems erect to ascending or decumbent, simple to

378. Shrubs or trees, sometimes forming clonal thickets, 1–400 dm, glabrous or hairy. Stems 1–20+; bark reddish, reddish-brown, gray-brown, or dark gray;

pendent, rarely ascending, branches spreading, axis 1–2.5 cm, 1+ mm diam., sparsely to densely short-hairy, sometimes glandular, or long-hairy eglandular;

shrubs, or trees, (rhizomatous or not). Stems erect (and/or creeping, prostrate in R. groenlandicum, R. lapponicum, R. tomentosum); twigs hairy or glabrous

leucanthemifolia). Involucres campanulate or turbinate. Phyllaries in 3–10 series, appressed, spreading, or reflexed, indurate bases usually glabrous,

with scabridulous, scabrous, or ciliate edges. Spikelets usually appressed to ascending, sometimes strongly divergent or patent, with 1-11 florets, the

3 (–8), semileaflike or more often scalelike. Peduncles absent or erect, ascending, spreading, horizontal, cernuous, recurved, or deflexed, filiform to

2–6 series, appressed to loosely spreading, 1-nerved, oblanceolate to oblong or linear, equal or unequal, usually herbaceous and yellow-green or with distinct

often becoming woody). Stems ascending to erect, usually simple, rarely branched proximally, glabrous or ± densely hairy, usually eglandular, sometimes

faces glabrous or densely hairy, sometimes stipitate-glandular. Heads radiate or discoid (A. carnosa), borne singly (terminal), or in cymiform or corymbiform

485. Shrubs. Stems erect, ascending, arching, or spreading, decussately branched. Bark tight or exfoliating in grayish, brown, or reddish-brown sheets. Branches

glabrous or spreading-hairy (C. exserta), pollen-sacs 2, unequal; staminode 0; ovary 2-locular, placentation axile; stigma capitate, entire, or 2-lobed

Association Stems spreading or ascending to erect, forming dense mats, puberulent, glandular-hairy, or glabrous. Leaves imbricate, somewhat appressed to leaf above

176, 177. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 20–300 cm, glabrous or tomentose. Stems erect, ascending, or spreading, simple or branched. Leaves basal and

glabrous or scabrous, gland-dotted (sometimes in pits), often resinous. Leaves cauline (usually persistent; often crowded, appressed or ascending to spreading

arrangement","blade arrangement or course or shape","caryopse architecture or shape","caryopse presence","cilium height or length or size","cross-section position"

sometimes 2-ranked, usually appressed or ascending; scales usually all fertile, each subtending a single flower, sometimes proximal and/or distal scales empty;

not delicate, mostly ascending or spreading, often decumbent; nodes densely to sparsely bearded with spreading, retrorse, or appressed hairs; internodes,

inflorescence pendent or ascending, branches spreading, axis 1–3 cm, 1+ mm diam., densely glandular, (sticky); bracts appressed, (glaucous), scalelike

Herbs, spreading to erect or prostrate, rarely decumbent annuals, glabrous or floccose to tomentose or lanate, sometimes sericeous puberulent, or short-pilose;

7–10+ series, linear to broadly ovate, bases appressed, margins entire, apices ascending to spreading or reflexed, acute, spine-tipped. Receptacles flat

(rarely wider), firm or lax, spreading to reflexed or stiffly ascending, yellowish-green or grayish-green to olivaceous, densely to sparsely and variously

double or single; exostome teeth 8, sometimes split to 16, finely and densely papillose to papillose-striate or rarely smooth; endostome segments 8 or absent

distal cells); taprooted or fibrous-rooted. Stems erect, ascending, procumbent or decumbent, simple or branched, glabrous or woolly, arachnoid (in C. mariana)

prostrate, simple or branched, glabrous or hairy, often gland-dotted and/or resinous. Leaves basal and cauline or mostly cauline; alternate; petiolate (proximal)

by having leaflets that are appressed-hairy to glabrate (versus densely hirsute) and sepals that are lanceolate and spreading in fruit with sharply involute

monomorphic or dimorphic, entire, emarginate, or lobed to laciniate apically; stamens 3, 6, or 9, or variously 3–9; filaments distinct or connate into

0.5–1 (–2) cm or subsessile, densely hairy, bracts dense, linear to narrowly lanceolate, usually reflexed, sometime appressed to ascending, 1.5–5 (–6) mm

uniformly or irregularly hairy, adaxial densely appressed-hairy throughout. Inflorescences: primary branches often sparsely, sometimes densely, ascending-hairy;

usually not crowded). Peduncles 0.2–4 cm, densely hairy, bracts 1–3+, linear to lanceolate, densely hairy. Involucres campanulate, (4.5–) 5–8 mm. Phyllaries

campanulate, 5.5–12 mm. Phyllaries in 4–7 (–8) series, appressed or often slightly recurved-spreading or squarrose, ovatelanceolate to linear, strongly unequal

acute, or acuminate, sometimes rounded or depressed or impressed, glabrous or hairy. Seeds to 60 per locule, reniform-ovoid, reniform-globose, or subglobose

inflorescence pendent, branches spreading or ascending, axis 1–2 cm, 1+ mm diam., sparsely short-hairy, viscid glandular-hairy; bracts appressed, scalelike, linear-lanceolate

branches per node; branches (1) 2-9 cm, spreading early or late, terete or angled, smooth or sparsely to moderately densely scabrous, with 4-30 (50) spikelets

antrorse, appressed, or ± ascending), or hirsute-pilose (hairs erect, straight), or ± villous (hairs wavy or wavy-crinkled), or hairs tightly coiled or 1/2 coiled

sometimes entire; terminal leaflets indistinct, sparsely to densely hairy or glabrate. Cauline leaves (1–) 2–10 (–15), not paired; blade ± well developed. Inflorescences

length or size","glume architecture or shape","glume atypical quantity","glume position","hilum arrangement or course or shape","lemma architecture or shape"

arrangement or course or shape","hilum coloration or relief","inflorescence position or structure subtype","internode architecture","lemma architecture or shape"

scarcely or not revolute, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially densely hairy, later sparsely so on veins, adaxially sparsely appressed-pubescent

minutely ciliolate; blades 0.8-2.5 mm wide, flat or folded, thin, soft, appressed or abruptly ascending to spreading, straight, apices narrowly prow-shaped. Panicles

architecture","body architecture or pubescence or relief","body architecture or shape","body relief","branch arrangement or course or shape","branch structure

bright-yellow or cream, rarely pale orange, elliptic, narrowly ovate, elliptic-oblong, broadly lanceolate, or ovate, (0–) 3 (–5) -lobed; lobes ascending or spreading

distally, glabrous or densely hispid, bracts 7–25+, appressed to ascending, sometimes ± spreading, linear to subulate, glabrate, ciliate or not, mucronate

rhizomes and trailing stems to 60 cm. Stems ascending to erect, ± green, 2–20 cm, densely glandular-hairy throughout, internodes of flowering-stems 0.2–2

distal branches stiff, spreading-ascending), hispid (hairs spreading-deflexed, 0.1–0.4 mm), mostly eglandular. Leaves cauline; (ascending) blades narrowly oblong-lanceolate

annual, perennial, or of indefinite duration. Culms 5-250 cm, erect or decumbent, branching basally or at aerial culm nodes, when annual or of indefinite duration

5–6 mm. Ray cypselae ca. 2.5 mm, smooth, densely appressed-hairy. Disc cypselae ca. 2.5 mm, appressed-hairy, especially on angles; pappi of ca. 10 lanceolate-aristate

5-4 cm wide, spreading or contracted; rachises hairy; branches (2) 3-8 (10), 1-4 cm long, 0.4-0.6 mm wide, appressed or reflexed and spreading, velvety pubescent

(–150) cm; taprooted, spreading by rhizomes. Stems 1–30 (–100), ascending to erect (sometimes reddish-brown, sometimes ± brittle), appressed-strigose, sparsely

sparsely to densely strigose or strigillose, sometimes glabrous (var. glabrum), adaxial usually strigose or scabrous, sometimes glabrate or glabrous (var

mid narrowly linear, bases appressed, margins entire, apices stiffly radiating, hooked-spiny tipped, inner linear, ascending or erect, straight-tipped. Receptacles

flowering and/or branching nodes) 0–3 (–7); primary leaves ternate or palmate, 2–20 (–30) cm; petiole: long hairs appressed to spreading, weak to stiff

to lanceolate, 1–4 mm; petiole 0.2–1.2 cm, hairs absent or sparse to dense, appressed or ascending, 0.5–2 mm; leaflets 15–60 per side, loosely to tightly

architecture","body architecture or pubescence or relief","body architecture or shape","body relief","branch arrangement or course or shape","branch structure

obtuse or rounded, (surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy). Flowering shoots erect, simple or branched, 5–18 (–30) cm, (glabrous or sparsely hairy); leaf-blades

Plants matted or tufted, green to grayish. Stems decumbent to erect, (1–) 2–6 (–7.5) dm, hairs ascending to appressed, sometimes spreading. Basal leaves

usually glabrous, sometimes hairy. Panicles 7-13.5 cm, open; branches erect, ascending and appressed to slightly spreading. Spikelets 20-40 mm, elliptic

adjacent teeth, abaxial surface densely silky, adaxial glabrous, shiny. Flowers bisexual, pistillate or staminate (plants dioecious or trioecious); hypanthium

Mentioned on page 39. Herbs, perennial. Stems prostrate to ascending, to 0.2 m, densely hispid with white or yellow bulbous-based hairs and strigose with white

apices acute or attenuate, callus-pointed; distal sessile or sometimes short-petiolate and ± winged (appressed or ascending), blades lanceolate or linear-lanceolate

(10) cm, ascending or spreading to 80° from the rachis, not capillary, without spikelets on the lower 1/3; secondary branches mostly appressed; pulvini

sometimes stipitate-glandular. Leaves appressed-ascending, ascending, or spreading, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblong or ovate, slightly to moderately thickened

Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Plants terrestrial, epiphytic, or on rock. Stems ascending to erect, bearing wiry stolons and sometimes underground tubers

forming tufts or mats, green to grayish, obscurely (and minutely) glandular, resinously aromatic, often strongly so. Stems decumbent or ascending to erect,

prostrate, spreading, or ascending, 6–12 cm, retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed, sometimes also appressed, white, scalelike. Leaves not leathery, glabrous or sparsely

inflorescence branches ascending to erect, axis 1.5–2.5 cm, 1+ mm diam., sparsely short-glandular-hairy; bracts not appressed, (spreading), leaflike, linear-lanceolate

Stems ascending to erect, (5–) 8–30 cm, retrorsely hairy, hairs white, scalelike. Leaves ± leathery or not, densely retrorsely hairy, hairs appressed, white

rhizomatous. Stems 1, erect to arching, light to dark-brown, soft-hairy, hairs ascending to spreading stipitate-glandular distally. Leaves (dark green) thin, almost

wide, open, erect or nodding; branches usually longer than the spikelets, ascending to widely spreading, slender, slightly curved or straight. Spikelets

prostrate or ascending, 4–15 (–25) cm, retrorsely hairy, hairs appressed, white, scalelike. Leaves not leathery, densely retrorsely hairy, hairs appressed, white

architecture or pubescence or shape","cilium length or size","cilium texture","culm architecture","floret arrangement","floret height or length or size","floret

few, ascending, unbranched, sometimes branched, glabrate to sparsely hairy proximally, becoming densely hairy distally, proximal hairs appressed, white

splitting to 16, erect to spreading when dry, densely and coarsely papillose; endostome segments 8, occasionally rudimentary, of 1 or 2 rows of cells, smooth

rootstocks or rhizomes to 10 cm, not freely rooting, not matted. Stems erect or ascending, base decumbent, usually rooting, usually stellate-hairy and/or spreading-bristly

petiole 1–7 (–8) cm, long hairs abundant to dense, appressed to spreading, 1.5–3 mm, mostly ± weak, glands absent or sparse; leaflets (3–) 5 (–7), central mostly

taprooted. Stems 1–15+, ascending-erect (sometimes brown), appressed-strigose, mostly proximally long-hirsute, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular.

matted, usually grayish to grayish green. Stems ascending to erect, (1–) 2–7 dm, hairs ascending to appressed. Basal leaves ± planar, (4–) 8–20 (–30) × 0.8–2

"and\/or height or length or size","and\/or length or size","and\/or pubescence","and\/or shape","and\/or; and\/or vestiture coloration","and\/or; and\/or

"throat height or length or size","throat shape","throat size","tooth architecture or shape","tooth shape or architecture","tube length or size","tube shape"

hairs sparse to abundant, appressed to spreading, 2–3 mm, weak to stiff, short hairs usually absent, crisped hairs absent or sparse, cottony hairs usually

cells 1-papillose or prorulose. > 9 9 Stems 2-or 3-pinnate, forming ascending series of flat, frondose tiers. Hylocomium 9 Stems simple or 1-pinnate, not