Preface Introduction Credits Literature Cited
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heterogamous). Phyllaries collectively constitute an involucre, usually number 5–21(–50+), usually are unequal (outermost usually shorter than the inner), and
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 345. Mentioned on page 20, 21, 343, 346, 347, 352, 383, 385, 386, 387, 390, 392, 398, 399, 416, 422, 424
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 23. Mentioned on page 20, 21, 24, 27, 57, 73, 74, 75, 119, 312, 387. Herbs, shrubs, or subshrubs. Leaves
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 424. Mentioned on page 21, 345. Herbs, perennial; unarmed. Leaves alternate, pinnately compound (ternate);
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Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 3. Mentioned on page 4, 32, 33, 38, 40, 41, 42, 63, 64
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channeled > 21 20 Fruits terete; seeds not winged. Caulanthus 20 Fruits latiseptate; seeds often winged. Streptanthus 21 Petals yellow > 22 21 Petals white
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Undefined) subtribe Petrobiinae Bentham & Hooker f. Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 183. Mentioned on page 6, 41, 184. Annuals, perennials
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Undefined) subtribe Zinniinae Bentham & Hooker f. Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 64. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 8, 43, 135. Annuals, perennials
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lobed or dissected) > 21 21 Pistillate florets sometimes 1–3 in 1 series (usually 0, heads usually discoid, Senecio mohavensis) Senecio 21 Pistillate florets
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campanulate, 5–15 (–40) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, usually ± 5, 8, 13, or 21 [34] in (1–) 2 series, distinct (margins interlocking), erect (often reflexed
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(tribe Undefined) subtribe Tageteae Cassini Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 221. Mentioned on page 5, 222, 364. Annuals, perennials
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densely cespitose. > 21 21 Plants annual; culms 1-60 cm tall; rachillas not prolonged beyond the base of the distal florets Aira 21 Plants perennial or
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Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 459. Mentioned on page 456. Annuals, biennials, perennials
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(tribe Undefined) subtribe Amauriinae Rydberg Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 316. Mentioned on page 5, 317. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs
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(tribe Undefined) subtribe Palafoxiinae Rydberg Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 364. Mentioned on page 5, 253. Annuals, biennials, perennials
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Undefined) subtribe Eriophyllinae Rydberg Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 335. Mentioned on page 3, 5, 255, 336, 364. Annuals, perennials
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 74. Mentioned on page 21, 22, 23. Shrubs or subshrubs; usually armed, rarely unarmed. Leaves alternate
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 352. Mentioned on page 20, 21, 385, 415. Shrubs or trees; sometimes armed. Leaves alternate, simple; stipules
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Treatment on page 50. Mentioned on page 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 49. Herbs or shrubs, sometimes vines in Asparagus, perennial, mostly geophytic
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compound; petals absent. Enemion 21 Leaf segments lobed, margins sharply toothed; sepals persistent in fruit. Helleborus 21 Leaf segments cleft or parted
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emarginate, or with teeth less than 0.2 mm. > 21 21 Proximal pistillate scales 10+ mm. Carex sect. Phyllostachyae 21 Proximal pistillate scales less than 10
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the subtribe Sonchinae (Asteraceae): Evidence from ITS sequences. Syst. Bot. 21: 417–432. Lee, J., B. G. Baldwin, and L. D. Gottlieb. 2002. Phylogeny of Stephanomeria
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wide. > 21 21 Pollen sacs 0.3–1.2 mm, opposite; corollas 7–22 mm, throats 2-ridged abaxially, sometimes rounded. 26b.12. Penstemon sect. Penstemon 21 Pollen
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Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 415. Mentioned on page 3, 5, 309, 456. Annuals, biennials
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 326. Mentioned on page 20, 21, 343. Shrubs or trees. Leaves cauline; stipules present. Flowers: carpels
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ETS) data: Reinstatement of Herrickia and a new genus, Triniteurybia. Sida 21: 889–900. Cronquist, A. and D. D. Keck. 1957. A reconstitution of the genus
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Uppsala University, predecessors of Linnaeus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 44. Mentioned on page 43, 45. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs
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pistillate) florets usually (6–) 7–50 (–60) in 1 series and laminae (3–) 5–18 (–21) × 0.8–2.8 mm, sometimes 14–110+ in 2–5+ series (sect. Conyzopsis) and laminae
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original species Synonyms: Megalodonta Greene Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 205. Mentioned on page 184, 185, 206. Annuals or perennials
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appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 18. Mentioned on page 10, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 27, 28, 57, 74, 75, 119, 312, 345, 346, 347, 352, 383, 384, 385,
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 398. Mentioned on page 21, 412, 414, 415, 416. Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs, perennial (Aruncus); unarmed
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FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 413. Mentioned on page 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 51, 303, 414. Plants usually perennial, occasionally epiphytic, sometimes
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linear, lanceolate, or, rarely, ovate > 21 21 Late-season flowers apetalous; basal leaves not rosulate > 22 21 Late-season flowers with petals; basal leaves
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(Asteraceae: Eupatorieae) Sida 21: 815–826. Nesom, G. L. 2005. Infrageneric classification of Liatris (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae). Sida 21: 1305–1321. Liatris acidota
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branches 12–21 per flower; capsules muricate; flower nectaries absent; hairs unbranched. Caperonia 17 Petals 0 (sepals petaloid in Manihot). > 21 21 Petioles
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Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora…. 47+ vols. New York. Vol. 21, pp. 3–93. Allenrolfea, Aphanisma, Arthrocnemum, Atriplex, Axyris, Bassia
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 326. Mentioned on page 21, 327. Plants unarmed. Leaves alternate, simple, sometimes pinnately compound
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panicles. Sidastrum 21 Leaf blades asymmetric; stems prostrate; indument sometimes ± lepidote; often saline habitats. Malvella 21 Leaf blades symmetric;
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Undefined) subtribe Lagasceinae Bentham & Hooker f. Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 135. Mentioned on page 7, 43, 63, 173, 175, 182. Annuals
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 57. Mentioned on page 21, 22, 58, 73. Shrubs [trees], subshrubs, or herbs, perennial; unarmed. Leaves
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Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 42. Mentioned on page 6, 43, 64, 135. Annuals, biennials
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2–18), Callitricheae Dumortier (genera 19 and 20), Cheloneae D. Don (genera 21–27), Digitalideae Dumortier (genus 28), Gratioleae D. Don (genera 29–38),
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Taxonomic reevaluations in North American Erigeron (Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 21: 19–40. Erigeron abajoensis, Erigeron acomanus, Erigeron acris, Erigeron aequifolius
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callus, alluding to calloused cypselae margins Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 317. Mentioned on page 333, 334. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs
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Islands (New Zealand), Pacific Islands (Society Islands), Australia Genera 21, species 582 (16 genera, 246 species in the flora). Onagroideae encompass
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enlarged peripheral corollas of type species Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 400. Mentioned on page 5, 182, 364, 365, 366, 395, 401
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drupe stones 1, indehiscent. Karwinskia 19 Leaves persistent; petals 0. > 21 21 Leaf blade secondary veins arching near margins, higher order veins not forming
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Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 99, plate 9. 1852 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 323. Mentioned on page 317, 324. Perennials or subshrubs
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Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 254. Mentioned on page 3, 5, 6, 76, 255, 257, 300, 301
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Hymenatherum (Cassini) Strother Hymenatherum Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 239. Mentioned on page 221, 222. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs
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sun, and anthos, flower, alluding to heads Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 141. Mentioned on page 51, 136, 148, 149, 157, 170. Annuals
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and foothills > 21 21 Perianths glabrous; coastal and near-coast areas, Monterey County s to Los Angeles County Eriogonum parvifolium 21 Perianths villous;
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(except sometimes in R. marginatus and R. orthorhynchus), margins various. > 21 21 Achenes papillose or spiny (sometimes smooth in R. sardous); flowers small
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natural history of North Carolina in 1737) Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 491. Mentioned on page 460, 507. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs
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alternate. > 21 21 Leaf blade margins entire, sometimes margins of distal leaves proximally toothed; calyx lobes subulate; seeds 1–4. Melampyrum 21 Leaf blade
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barbellate, apically attenuate bristles in 1 (–3) series. x = 8, 7, 5, 13, 18, 21. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, e Eurasia
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called fronds corresponding partly to leaf and partly to stem. Roots 0 or 1–21; root hairs absent. Stems: distinct stems absent. Cataphylls absent. Fronds
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Echinochloa 20 All leaves with ligules, ligules membranous or of hairs. > 21 21 Paleas of the lower florets inflated and indurate at maturity; lower and
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pecten, comb, alluding to ciliate leaf margins Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 222. Mentioned on page 223, 229. Annuals or perennials
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diatomaceous algae at the U.S. Military Academy Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 444. Mentioned on page 3, 415, 416, 445. Annuals, biennials
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Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 309. Mentioned on page 5. Annuals, biennials, or perennials
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distance to costa at insertion. Drepanocladus 21 Paraphyllia usually present; rhizoids often forming tomentum > 22 21 Paraphyllia absent; rhizoids rarely forming
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pappus, alluding to membranous pappus scales Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 309. Mentioned on page 395. Biennials or perennials, to
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Mithridates Eupator, King of Pontus, 132–63 B.C. Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 462. Mentioned on page 459, 461, 470, 471. Perennials,
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Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 176. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 135, 182. Annuals, perennials
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Etymology: Ancient Latin or Greek plant name Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 366. Mentioned on page 3, 5, 255, 257, 364, 365, 375. Perennials
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L. Welsh Basionym: Pusillae Standley in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 21: 50. 1916 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Mentioned on page 355. Leaves
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placenta, wings absent, rarely present. x = 7. North America, nw Mexico Species 21 (21 in the flora). The flowers in Collinsia resemble those of Fabaceae subfam
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in FNA Volume 27. Mentioned on page 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33. Plants typically with upright stems,
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name Helianthus and Latin - ella, diminutive Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 114. Mentioned on page 65, 66, 67. Perennials, 20–150 cm
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campanulate to cylindric, 5–12 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, usually 8, 13, or 21 (–30+) in 1–2 series, erect (reflexed in fruit), distinct, (light to dark
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root alluding to resiniferous rootstocks Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page 65, 95, 100. Perennials, 10–45 (–100)
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alluding to spiny tips of receptacular paleae Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 88. Mentioned on page 43, 64, 65. Perennials, to 140 cm
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jepsonii 18 Leaf blade margins entire, dentate, denticulate, or serrulate. > 21 21 Leaf blade margins entire or remotely denticulate, teeth if present minute
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Texas Cirsium turneri 20 Corollas white to yellow, lavender, or purple > 21 21 Each head closely subtended by involucre-like ring of spiny-margined bracts
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hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric, 3–9 [–12+] mm diam. Phyllaries 5–21 (–40+) in 2+ series, lanceolate to linear, subequal to unequal (reflexed in
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evolution in the Artemisia ludoviciana complex of the Pacific Northwest. Brittonia 21: 29–43. Keck, D. D. 1946. A revision of the Artemisia vulgaris complex in
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circumscribed segregate genus is adopted is included in the synonymy. Species ca. 875 (21 in the flora). Christensen, C. 1913. A monograph of the genus Dryopteris.
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names: Sneezeweed Etymology: For Helen of Troy Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 426. Mentioned on page 415, 416. Annuals or perennials
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alluding to cypselae of original species Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 185. Mentioned on page 51, 184. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs
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pink to magenta, sometimes yellow or white > 21 21 Stems 1-10 cm; bracts absent; Alaska Claytonia arctica 21 Stems 10-50 cm; bracts present; not in Alaska
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glabrous. > 21 21 Cauline leaves 1–5 mm wide; pollen sac sides lanate, hairs to 0.9 mm, rarely glabrous; stems glabrous. Penstemon navajoa 21 Cauline leaves
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Florida. Quercus inopina 21 Trees or shrubs evergreen (often tardily deciduous in Q. laurifolia, Q. hemisphaerica, and Q. nigra). > 22 21 Trees deciduous (often
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 347. Mentioned on page 21, 351. Shrubs; unarmed. Leaves alternate, simple; stipules persistent or caducous
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 392. Mentioned on page 21, 395. Shrubs; unarmed. Leaves alternate, sometimes opposite, pinnately compound
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remaining intact at maturity. > 21 21 Spikelets usually awned; inflorescence branches usually 7-35 cm long Miscanthus 21 Spikelets unawned; inflorescence
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names: Starry rosinweed IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 77, 78, 82. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
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subcapitate, terminal cymes > 21 21 Sepals 1-5 mm, forming obconic to campanulate cup, commissuresbetween sepals scarious Gypsophila 21 Sepals 7-25 mm, forming
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glossy adaxially > 19 18 Largest medial blades slightly glossy adaxially > 21 19 Stamens usually 1; largest medial blades 4-23 mm; petioles 2-6.5 mm; ovules
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to have been a woman who dressed as a man Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 336. Mentioned on page 255, 335, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341
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rosetted; taproots not fleshy-thickened > 25 21 Cottony hairs sparse to dense, at least on abaxial leaflet surfaces > 22 21 Cottony hairs absent > 23 22 Leaves
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Argyranthemum 20 Annuals > 21 21 Stems and leaves hirtellous to pilosulous (some hairs gland-tipped, plants sticky, viscid) Heteranthemis 21 Stems and leaves glabrous
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 307. Mentioned on page 20, 21, 58, 204, 303, 308. Herbs, perennial, from tunicate bulbs. Leaves basal; blade
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Franseria Cavanilles Hymenoclea Torrey & A. Gray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 10. Mentioned on page 3, 9, 25. Annuals, perennials, or
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taxonomic revision of the Castilleja viscidula group. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21: 1–63. Pennell, F. W. 1934b. Castilleja in Alaska and northwestern Canada
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evolution of Crepis. Pt. II: Systematic treatment. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 21, 22. Crepis acuminata, Crepis atribarba, Crepis bakeri, Crepis barbigera,
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Etymology: Greek erion, wool, and phyllon, leaf Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 353. Mentioned on page 255, 335, 336, 352, 354, 363, 380
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 303. Mentioned on page 20, 21, 58, 82, 308. Herbs, perennial, from bulbs. Bulbs solitary or clustered, tunicate
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name Ageratum and Latin - ina, diminutive Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 547. Mentioned on page 461, 462, 541, 552. Perennials,
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papillatum, Polytrichastrum sexangulare G. L. Smith Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 21(3): 35. 1971· [Genus Polytrichum and Latin -astrum, incomplete resemblance]
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differentiated abaxial epidermis; gemmae largely absent. Worldwide Genera 21 (15 in the flora). None. Acaulon, Aloina, Chenia, Crossidium, Crumia, Globulinella
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3-26 mm. Seeds black, obovoid, smooth. x = 7. Circumboreal Species ca. 70 (21 in the flora). Species of Aquilegia are polymorphic and difficult to define
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lanceolate, 5-21 × 1.5-6 cm, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate. Flowers 2.5-5 cm diam.; peduncle 1-11 cm; bracteoles 3-6; tepals 21-33, red-maroon
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ellipsoid; stipe not more than 0.2 mm. > 21 21 Perigynia prominently veined, apex acute; basal sheaths brown. Carex rufina 21 Perigynia indistinctly veined, apex
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Welsh Basionym: Argenteae Standley in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 21: 46. 1916 Synonyms: Powellianae Standley Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4
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then leaves alternate) > 21 21 Petals pink; flowers usually slightly bilaterally symmetric; leaves deciduous. Rhododendron 21 Petals white or pink, flowers
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Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 245. Mentioned on page 5, 253. Annuals, perennials, or
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Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 32. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 33, 38, 41. Annuals, perennials
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> 21 19 Anthers 1.6–2.4 mm Juncus orthophyllus 19 Anthers 0.8–1.5 mm. > 20 20 Tepals 3–4 mm Juncus covillei 20 Tepals 4.5–6 mm Juncus falcatus 21 Tepals
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hairy, or puberulent. > 21 21 Corollas 7–11 mm, throats 2–3 mm diam.; pollen sacs explanate, 0.3–0.6 mm. Penstemon procerus 21 Corollas 10–20 mm, throats
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slightly spreading; culm nodes 1-4. > 21 21 Awns 2-5 mm long; anthers 2-3.5 mm long; blades flat Bromus suksdorfii 21 Awns (4)5-8 mm long; anthers 3-6.5 mm
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mature spikes, those having at least some ripe fruit. Species more than 250 (21 in the flora). Kral, R. 1966b. The genus Xyris (Xyridaceae) in the southeastern
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appearing on ancient coins of the city of Cyrene Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 77. Mentioned on page 65, 157. Perennials, 20–250+ cm (fibrous-rooted
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alluding to venation of ray floret corollas Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 447. Mentioned on page 415, 416, 437. Annuals or perennials
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Welsh Basionym: Arenariae Standley in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 21: 52. 1916 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 360. Mentioned
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or descending > 21 20 Fruits erect, ascending, or horizontal > 29 21 Biennials; basal leaf blades 10-30 mm wide. Boechera canadensis 21 Perennials; basal
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grappling-hook trichomes only; se California and s Nevada (including Nye County). > 21 21 Leaf blades 5.8–9.1 mm wide, widest intersinus distances 4.6–7.1 mm; margins
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(Christophorus Enzelius), 1517–1583, German naturalist Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 118. Mentioned on page 65, 66, 119, 120. Perennials, subshrubs
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ellipsoid to slightly obovoid, 3-ribbed. Seeds cylindric-fusiform. x = 20, 21. Mostly temperate regions, North America, Central America, 1 circumboreal
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Undefined (tribe Undefined) subtribe Iveae Rydberg Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 8. Mentioned on page 3, 6. Annuals, biennials, perennials
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Africa, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Ocean Islands, Australia Species ca. 350 (21 in the flora). Taxonomy of Hibiscus is in flux. Molecular studies place members
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Macrocline (Torrey & A. Gray) P. B. Cox & Urbatsch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 45. Perennials, 50–300 cm (robust
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cm. > 21 21 Stems densely strigillose proximal to inflorescences; seeds densely papillose; sepals 5–6.5 mm; petals 7.5–10 mm. Epilobium montanum 21 Stems
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1–500, arranged in panicle or clustered into 1 or more heads or solitary. > 21 21 Leaf blades and bracts with prominent midrib forming keel on abaxial surface
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North American species of the genus Chorizanthe. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 21: 1–102. Reveal, J. L. and C. B. Hardham. 1989b. A revision of the annual species
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triloba Lowell E. Urbatsch, Patricia B. Cox Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 52. Mentioned on page 45. Annuals, biennials, or perennials
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corolla throats 5–8 mm diam. > 21 21 Cymes 1–3(or 4)-flowered; cauline leaves sessile; seeds 3.5–5 mm. Penstemon lentus 21 Cymes (1 or)2–6-flowered; cauline
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Latin scabra, rough, and related genus Wyethia Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 99. Mentioned on page 65, 100. Perennials, 20–60 cm (taproots
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Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 38. Mentioned on page 7. Annuals or perennials, mostly
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Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 456. Mentioned on page 7. Perennials, (10–) 20–80 (–120)
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stems erect and straight. > 21 20 Teeth 3 per sheath; stem ridges 6; aerial stems inclined and tortuous. Equisetum scirpoides 21 Sheath teeth usually shed;
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and phoros, bearing Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 21. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 27. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North
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in bud > 21 21 Stems green to gray-green canescent; leaf margins coarsely toothed; primarily Nevada, Utah, and north. Sphaeralcea munroana 21 Stems white-
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proximal margins not terminating in loose fringe; sepals usually deciduous. > 21 21 Plants gray-puberulent throughout or puberulent or glabrescent in proximal
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systematics. In: P. S. Nobel, ed. 2002. Cacti: Biology and Uses. Berkeley. Pp. 1–21. Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae, Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae, Cactaceae subfam
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name Verbena and Latin - ina, resemblance Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 106. Mentioned on page 65, 66, 67. Annuals or perennials
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Oregon. Ranunculus austro-oreganus 21 Beak of achene oblong or triangular, curved, 0.2-0.8 mm; introduced weeds. > 22 21 Beak of achene lanceolate or subulate
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Synonyms: Hymenoxys acaulis (Pursh) K. F. Parker Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 451. Mentioned on page 447, 448. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
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Agnorhiza Jepson Man. Fl. Pl. Calif., 1077. 1925 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 104. Mentioned on page 65, 66, 100. Perennials, 5–60 (–100)
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Michael Powell Etymology: Latin flavus, yellow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 247. Mentioned on page 245, 248, 249, 250. Annuals, perennials
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serrulate distally. > 21 21 Petioles 0.5–1 mm; leaves often fascicled, blades 2–10 × 1–6 mm; se United States. Ceanothus microphyllus 21 Petioles (1–)1.5–12
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apical spine 1.5–5 cm; flowers 4–8.1 cm; Arizona, New Mexico, Texas. > 21 21 Perianth tube ca. 1/2 (6–18 mm) as long or less than limb lobes (13–27 mm);
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margins denticulate or serrulate to toothed > 21 20 Leaf margins entire or minutely and evenly crenulate > 22 21 Stem central strand present; transverse section
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1807–1883, physician and plant collector]] Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 396. Mentioned on page 5, 255, 364, 365, 366. Annuals or
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frequently present during current-year’s anthesis. x = 14, 15, 18, ca. 20, ca. 21, 22. Widespread, mostly in Asia and East Indies Species ca. 250 (10 in the
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usually unbranched. Leaves in a basal rosette, often also cauline, (2.8–) 5–21 (–34) cm; blade margins entire, dentate, or pinnatifid. Inflorescences solitary
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sericea, Balsamorhiza serrata William A. Weber Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 96. Mentioned on page 93, 94, 98. Taproots relatively slender
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 386. Mentioned on page 21, 385, 387, 390. Shrubs; unarmed (appearing ± thorny in Coleogyne). Leaves
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tenellum 20 Leaf blades eglandular abaxially > 21 21 Leaf blade margins sharply and uniformly serrate > 22 21 Leaf blade margins entire > 23 22 Shrubs 0.1-0
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serviceberry amélanchier de Bartram Endemic Basionym: Pyrus bartramiana Tausch Flora 21: 715. 1838 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 657. Mentioned
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linear- lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate. > 21 20 Blades mostly less than 3 cm wide, mainly linear. > 22 21 Blades linear-lanceolate, to 35 cm; pinna pairs
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surface usually with 2 marginal veins more prominent than midvein; leaves 0.7–21 mm wide, glabrous or, rarely, pubescent. Inflorescences racemose, with 2–10
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1: 317. 1833. John L. Strother Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 311. Mentioned on page 310. Perennials, 5–10 cm. Leaves:
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discussed under 1. E. palustris. (2) The E. tenuis complex (species 16–21) is discussed under 21. E. tenuis. (3) The four species (species 57–60) of 8c. Eleocharis
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(1–)4–15(–27) cm; petals 3–8 mm. > 21 21 Petals 6–16 mm; beak of achene straight, 0.6–1.8 mm; pedicels glabrous. Ranunculus eschscholtzii 21 Petals 4–8 mm; beak of
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filaments Juncus chlorocephalus 21 Outer tepals 2.4–4.1 mm, equaling inner tepals; auricles 0.5–1.7 mm Juncus nodosus 21 Outer tepals 4–6 mm, outer and
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margins; fruits 1.3–1.5 cm, red. Ctenolepis 20 Seeds arillate > 21 20 Seeds not arillate > 22 21 Plants monoecious and dioecious (developmentally, seasonally);
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tips; sepals usually green, sometimes purple, sometimes reddish at tips > 21 21 Petioles jointed distally at attachment to leaf blades, separating early
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anthers; petals 10–35 mm. > 21 21 Corollas rotate; petals oblanceolate [6h.1. sect. Phaeostoma subsect. Lautiflorae]. Clarkia lingulata 21 Corollas bowl-shaped;
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length. > 21 20 Bracts connate at least ¼ total length. > 23 21 Flowers in 2–4 whorls; achenes with facial glands. Sagittaria engelmanniana 21 Flowers in
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Mosyakin Basionym: Leptophylla Standley in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 21: 14. 1916 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 287. Mentioned
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campanulate to turbinate, 8–12+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, usually 8, 13, or 21 in (1–) 2 series, erect, distinct (margins interlocking), lance-linear to
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Miscellaneous chromosome number reports for Poa L. (Poaceae) in North America. Sida 21:2195-2203 Tsvelev, N.N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR. Nauka Publishers, Leningrad [St
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etymology stated in protologue meaning uncertain Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 280. Mentioned on page 256, 276, 283, 287, 291. Annuals
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vaginata Borner Botanisch-systematische notizen., Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 258. 1912. Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Potamot Synonyms:
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reaching orifice or exserted; Utah. Penstemon platyphyllus 17 Stems glabrous. > 21 21 Pollen sacs: distal 1/2–2/3 indehiscent, sides glabrous; Nevada, Utah. >
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Mosyakin Basionym: Fremontiana Standley in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 21: 18. 1916 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 290. Leaf-blades
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genusBonellia Show Lower Taxa Bonellia macrocarpa Bertero ex Colla Hortus Ripul., 21. 1824 ,. Richard P. Wunderlin Etymology: For Franco Andrea Bonelli, 1784–1830
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Eupatorium sect. Verticillatum de Candolle Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 474. Mentioned on page 461, 462, 475. Perennials, 30–350+
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Selaginella uncinata, Selaginella willdenowii (Palisot de Beauvois) Baker J. Bot. 21: 3. 1883. Iván A. Valdespino Basionym: Undefined subg. Stachygynandrum Palisot
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side; n United States, adjacent Canada. Crataegus ×sicca 21 Inflorescence branches pubescent > 22 21 Inflorescence branches glabrous > 27 22 Bracteoles linear-filiform
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8-1.5 mm wide > 21 21 Rachises slightly flexuous; ovules 18-40 per ovary; plants of waste grounds, disturbed sites. Cardamine flexuosa 21 Rachises straight;
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appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 16. Mentioned on page 6, 9, 17, 19, 21. Herbs, annual or strongly perennial with branched, woody caudex. Taproots
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Roots 7–21, to 3 cm, 1 or 2 perforating scale. Fronds obovate to circular, flat or rarely
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hirsutiflora 21 Pedicels 0.8–1 cm, glandular-puberulent; sepals 4–6 mm; petals 9–12 mm; hilum much shorter than seed Tradescantia pinetorum 21 Pedicels (0
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container, alluding to quadrangular involucres Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 178. Mentioned on page 176. Perennials, mostly 30–120 cm
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plants not succulent (sect. Panicum). > 18 20 Spikelets 4-6.5 mm long. > 21 21 Upper glumes and lower lemmas only slightly exceeding the upper florets;
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8 mm. Hypericum galioides 21 Sepals: basal veins 3–7; ovaries (3–)4–5-merous; capsules notably lobed. Hypericum lobocarpum 21 Sepals: basal veins 1–3; ovaries
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Phyllaries 12–21, margins of outer distinct 1/5 to nearly all their lengths, abaxial faces puberulent or glabrous. Ray-florets (8–) 12–21; corollas yellow
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> 21 21 Calyx lobes triangular-lanceolate; branches spreading-ascending; seeds yellowish tan; pedicels spreading-ascending. Agalinis gattingeri 21 Calyx
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or exceeding perigynia. Carex chalciolepis 21 Perigynia broadly elliptic, papillose. Carex atratiformis 21 Perigynia obovate, smooth. > 22 22 Pistillate
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Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 376. 1841 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 403. Mentioned on page 401, 410. Biennials, perennials
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practitioner and botany professor of Valencia, Spain Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 483. Mentioned on page 459, 485. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs
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Latin centron, prickle, and generic name Madia Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 276. Mentioned on page 254, 255, 256, 277, 280, 291. Annuals
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Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 251. Mentioned on page 5, 220, 253. Subshrubs or shrubs
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Undefined sect. Pappothrix (A. Gray) Rydberg Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 318. Mentioned on page 317, 320, 325. Perennials or subshrubs
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acute, ciliate only on margins Calochortus westonii 21 Basal leaves usually persistent at flowering. > 22 21 Basal leaves usually withering by flowering. >
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florets (4–)5(–6); Utah Ericameria nauseosa 21 Ray florets usually 0 (sometimes 1–2 in E. brachylepis) > 22 21 Ray florets usually 1–10 (sometimes 0 in E
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or 2 plump lobes. 2n = 38 (29), 57 (1), 76 (16), 95 (1), 114 (4), unknown (21). North America, Eurasia Species ca. 204 (63 species in the flora). Nineteen
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Synonyms: Dugaldia Cassini Plummera A. Gray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 435. Mentioned on page 415, 416, 437, 446. Annuals, biennials
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Inflorescences oblong, 1.5–5 cm × 6–10 mm; proximal spikes ± distinct. > 21 21 Perigynia ascending to spreading; beak 0.6–1.3 mm; pistillate scales 3.4–4
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mm. > 21 21 Flower buds usually oblong-obovoid, rarely subglobose; sepal horns usually flattened adaxially, rarely terete. Argemone pleiacantha 21 Flower
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glabrous or tomentulose bractlets 1–3 mm. Involucres turbinate-campanulate, 7–21 × 8–12 mm. Phyllaries 10–16, lanceolate or oblong, 8–10 mm, (bases keeled
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(moderately) hairy. Inflorescences (3–) 7–10 (–15) -flowered, usually loose, (12–) 21–37 (–74) mm. Pedicels: 0 or 1 (or 2) subtended by a leaf, proximalmost (6–)
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Lasthenia californica subsp. macrantha de Candolle ex Lindley Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 21: sub plate 1780. 1835. Raymund Chan, Robert Ornduff† IllustratedEndemic Synonyms:
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Involucres campanulate to hemispheric or broader, 22–40 mm. Phyllaries persistent, 21–30+ in 2–3+ series, erect to spreading, distinct or nearly so, lanceolate
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adaxial sparsely hairy later. Inflorescences (6 or) 7–11 (–17) -flowered, (15–) 21–29 (–38) mm. Pedicels: (0 or) 1 or 2 (or 3) subtended by a leaf, proximalmost
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fastigiate, solitary or in colonies. Leaves half-unfolded; petiole (14–) 16–21.8 (–24) mm; blade elliptic to slightly obovate, (39–) 46–65 (–77) × (25–)
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mm; blade elliptic or oblong to ovate or obovate, (20–) 31–47 (–62) × (12–) 21–35 (–45) cm, base rounded to cordate, each margin with (0 or) 1–6 (–13) teeth
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unknown possibly from New Latin Tages, an Etruscan god Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 235. Mentioned on page 222. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs
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abaxially, marginally, or adaxially, or not glandular > 21 21 Hypanthia 0.5-1.1(-2.1) mm > 22 21 Hypanthia 2-8 mm > 23 22 Styles glabrous; flowers evenly
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Lindley Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 21: plate 1780. 1835. Raymund Chan, Robert Ornduff† Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 343. Mentioned
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Phytologia 85: 21. 1999. William A. Weber IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Wyethia scabra Hooker London J. Bot. 6: 245. 1847 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment
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Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 21: 303. 1895. Elias Landolt Etymology: For Johann Friedrich Wolff, 1778–1806
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distinct Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Treatment on page 145. Roots (1–) 2–21 per frond, abaxial surface at node. Fronds floating (only turions sink to
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name Amauria, and Greek - opsis, resembling Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 392. Mentioned on page 364, 366, 383, 393. Biennials (sometimes
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Viguiera sect. Heliomeris (Nuttall) S. F. Blake Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 169. Mentioned on page 136, 148, 170, 171, 173. Annuals
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membranous scale; stamens 2, 4-locular. Seeds 1–5, longitudinally ribbed. x = 10, 21, 22 Worldwide except arctic and antarctic regions In Lemna the connection
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Synonyms: Litrisa Small Trilisa (Cassini) Cassini Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 535. Mentioned on page 460. Perennials, 20–60+ cm (caudices
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leaf blades often toothed > 21 21 Leaves with 3 prominent veins, sparsely farinose; seeds 0.7-0.8 mm diam Chenopodium nevadense 21 Leaves with one prominent
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nw Mexico, South America (Argentina), South America (Chile) Species ca. 22 (21 in the flora). Both homoploid hybridization and allopolyploidy have played
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South America to North America, mostly in temperate regions Species ca. 100 (21 in the flora). Fifteen of the species treated here occur also in Mexico; those
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Nev., Okla., Oreg., S.Dak., Tex., Utah, Wash., Wyo., nw Mexico Varieties 21 (21 in the flora). Ericameria nauseosa is widespread, often abundant, and complex
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Galeas beakless. > 20 20 Galea margins entire medially, 1-toothed distally. > 21 21 Calyces glabrous. > 22 22 Bracts 2-pinnatifid to midrib. Pedicularis sylvatica
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deflexa 20 Perigynia 3.2–4.2 mm; culms more robust, 21–47 cm; leaves shorter than culms. Carex peckii 21 Culms 10–45 cm, usually more than 20 cm; bases (remnants
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blade elliptic to linear, orbiculate, lanceolate, or ovate, [0.3–] 0.4–15 (–21) cm, leathery to membranous, margins flat or revolute, entire, venation pinnate
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ciliatus: Evidence from morphology, cytology and DNA fingerprinting. Aliso 20:21-36 Saarela, J.M., P.M. Peterson, and J. Cayouette. 2005. Bromus hallii (Poaceae)
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glabrous, tooth apices acute. Euphrasia micrantha 19 Corollas 3–5.5 mm. > 21 21 Stems branched from middle and/or distal cauline nodes, branches erect; cauline
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vaseyi Sharon C. Yarborough, A. Michael Powell Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 320. Mentioned on page 317, 321. Annuals, perennials, or
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single, and lopos, husk, alluding to phyllaries Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 349. Mentioned on page 335, 336. Dioecious. Plants 3–14
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Undefined sect. Crockeria Greene ex A. Gray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 342. Mentioned on page 337, 343, 346. Annuals. Leaves entire
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kline, bed, alluding to conic receptacles Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 478. Mentioned on page 461, 462, 481. Perennials, 50–200
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arrangement of exostome teeth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 21. Mentioned on page 15, 650, 663. Plants in dense tufts, often brown proximally
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midvein extending to tip. > 21 21 Perigynium body obovate, often with conspicuous “shoulders;” leaves 2.5–6 mm at widest. Carex alata 21 Perigynium body elliptic
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white-haired involucre of Geraea canescens Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 122. Mentioned on page 65, 66, 119. Annuals or perennials
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Sanvitali or for a Spanish botanist named Sanvital Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 70. Mentioned on page 64, 65. Annuals or perennials, (3–)
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1749–1831, British physician and botanist Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 140. Mentioned on page 135. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs
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Fruits capsules, erect, nearly sessile, ellipsoid to sausage-shaped. x = 21. Temperate regions, North America (including Mexico) Species 10 (10 in the
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Göttingen, known for botanical studies in Mexico Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 71. Mentioned on page 3, 64, 65, 72, 74. Annuals or subshrubs
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sometimes 0. Phyllaries ± 13 or ± 21+, 5–10 (–12) mm, tips green or minutely black. Ray-florets usually ± 8 or ± 13, sometimes ± 21; corolla laminae 10–15 (–20)
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basal laminal cells shorter, broader than medial; medial cells 36–180 × 3–21 µm; apical cells often shorter. Specialized asexual reproduction by 2–7-celled
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panicles or paniculate cymes > 21 20 Inflorescences 1-3(-5)-parted or branched cymes, corymbs, or corymbiform cymes > 25 21 Stems creeping and short-ascending
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nephew of and assistant to Humphrey Marshall Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 456. Perennials, (10–) 20–80 (–120) cm (fibrous-rooted
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Zygodon viridissimus Hooker & Taylor Muscol. Brit., 70, plates 3 [upper left], 21 [upper left]. 1818. Dale H. Vitt Etymology: Greek zygon, yoke, alluding to
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ptarmicoides, Solidago riddellii, Solidago rigida (House) Semple & Gandhi Sida 21: 756. 2004. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Aster sect. Ptarmicoidei House
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Undefined sect. Baeria Fischer & C. A. Meyer Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 338. Mentioned on page 337, 341, 346. Annuals or perennials
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capsule less than 1 mm, if taller then distinctly striate (S. dupretii) > 21 20 Plants small to large, usually forming rounded cushions, tufts, or mats;
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lakes and pools. > 21 20 Plants terrestrial or becoming so, of seasonally saturated soil, temporary streams, vernal pools. > 22 21 Megaspores averaging
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crispate, each margin with 9-15 teeth. > 21 21 Plants 0.2-1.2 m; each blade margin with 9-15 teeth. Berberis amplectens 21 Plants 0.1-0.4 m; each blade margin
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Turesson, G. 1925. Studies in the genus Atriplex. Acta Univ. Lund, n. s. 21: 1–15. Welsh, S. L. 1995. Names and types of perennial Atriplex Linnaeus (Chenopodiaceae)
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and disc (sterile) ovaries in type species Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 299. Mentioned on page 255, 300. Perennials, 10–80 cm.
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stipitate-glandular, sometimes glabrous. Receptacles ± flat, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 0–21 (usually 5, 8, or 13), pistillate, fertile; corollas violet-purple, purple
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peristome xerocastique, perfect to moderately reduced. Calyptra naked. Spores 9–21 µm. Nearly worldwide Species 15–20 (6 in the flora). Brachytheciastrum was
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1802–1856, early western American explorer Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 100. Mentioned on page 65, 66. Perennials, 15–60 (–100)
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spheric or ovoid to short cylindric, 3–20 (–38) × 2–12 cm, glabrous; ribs 13–21, crests deeply notched and usually evidently or prominently divided into tubercles
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4-locular, dehiscence longitudinal; pollen 3-aperturate; pistils simple, 5-21, distinct, closely laterally appressed in 1 series on convex axis, attached
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2011. Guy L. Nesom Illustrated Basionym: Tristemon texanus Scheele Linnaea 21: 586. 1848 (as texanum) Synonyms: Cucurbita pepo subsp. texana (Scheele) Filov
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 383. Mentioned on page 21, 384. Shrubs or trees; unarmed. Leaves alternate, simple; stipules absent
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secondary and tertiary veins not forming prominent reticulum on adaxial surface. > 21 20 Beak plumose, with spreading hairs; leaf blade finely reticulate (ultimate
13 KB (470 words) - 08:24, 30 July 2020