Blades are usually V- or M-shaped in cross section. The V-shaped leaves are keeled with a midvein prominent on the abaxial surface and M-shaped leaves have a
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E. Janchen 1942; I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1984; M. Koch et al. 1999; O. Appel and Al-Shehbaz 2003; Koch et al. 2003; M. A. Beilstein et al. 2006; Al-Shehbaz et
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pine pin rigide Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Trees to 31m; trunk to 0.9m diam., straight or crooked, commonly with adventitious sprouts; crown
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centuries were S. F. Blake, N. L. Britton, R. S. Ferris, M. L. Fernald, E. L. Greene, H. M. Hall, M. E. Jones, D. D. Keck, P. A. Rydberg, J. K. Small, and
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
Xylorhiza Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 195. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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this lineage (J. D. Ambrose 1975, 1980; M. Takahashi and S. Kawano 1989; R. W. Cruden 1991; P. Goldblatt 1995; M. N. Tamura 1995, 1998b; W. B. Zomlefer
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W. Chen, X. Chen, S.M. Phillips, C. Stapleton, R.J. Soreng, S.G. Aiken, N.N. Tzvelev [Tsvelev], P.M. Peterson, S.A. Renvoize, M.V. Olonova, and K.H. Ammann
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acrocarpous family, commonly found in harsh environments. Werner, O., R. M. Ros, M. J. Cano, and J. Guerra. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of Pottiaceae (Musci)
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teeth 9–31. > 14 14 Leaf blades 23–31(–45) mm, marginal teeth 13–31; capsule horns minute, intermediate ridges absent; coastal habitats, 30–200 m. Ceanothus
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not spread to the surrounding area (P. M. Brown 2002). Bletia patula Hooker is an apparent garden escape (P. M. Brown 2000). A single vegetative specimen
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Urospermum, Youngia Lamarck & de Candolle Syn. Pl. Fl. Gall., 255. 1806. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Synonyms: Undefined tribe Lactuceae Cassini
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Phylogenet. Evol. 31:517-541 Macfarlane, T.D. 1987. Poaceae subfamily Pooideae. Pp. 265-276 in T.R. Soderstrom, K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell and M.E. Barkworth
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serpens Patricia M. Eckel Amblystegiaceae Anacamptodon splachnoides Patricia M. Eckel Amblystegiaceae Calliergonella cuspidata Patricia M. Eckel Amblystegiaceae
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scars; estuarine habitats. Talipariti 31 Fruits 5-angled, sections dehiscent; foliage scabrid; styles 5-fid. Kosteletzkya 31 Fruits not angled, indehiscent;
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primary root of the seedling grows. Barber, J.C., S.A. Aliscioni, L.M. Giussani, J.D. Noll, M.R. Duvall, and E.A. Kellogg. 2002. Combined analyses of three independent
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Vascular Plants. 14+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 7, pp. 50–56. Ghebrehiwet, M., B. Bremer, and M. Thulin. 2000. Phylogeny of the tribe Antirrhineae (Scrophulariaceae)
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A. Cronquist 1981) have considered them petals; we follow L. Petrusson and M. Thulin (1996) in considering these structures to be staminodes that replace
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Verbesina, Wedelia, Wyethia, Zinnia Lessing Linnaea 6: 153. 1831. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Synonyms: Undefined (tribe Undefined)
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T. M. 1978. Senecio. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part 10, pp. 50–139. Barkley, T. M., B
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(Dumortier) Nasarow in V. L. Komarov et al. in V. L. Komarov et al., Fl. URSS 5: 31. 1936. George W. Argus Basionym: Salix sect. Chamaetia Dumortier Bijdr. Natuurk
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usually yellow > 31 30 Perianths white to ochroleucous or rose > 32 31 Scapes and involucres glandular; w Montana Eriogonum crosbyae 31 Scapes and involucres
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States National Museum in Washington, D.C. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 31–64, 119–160. Bassett, I. J. and C. W. Crompton. 1982. The genus Chenopodium
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Guide. Denver. Raup, H. M. 1943. The willows of the Hudson Bay Region and the Labrador Peninsula. Sargentia 4: 81–135. Raup, H. M. 1959. The willows of boreal
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the view that Cyperaceae and Poaceae are not closely related (M. R. Duvall et al. 1993b; G. M. Plunkett et al. 1995); they do support the concept of close
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See Hitchcock for more information on the published varieties. Species 31 (31 in the flora). None. Sidalcea asprella, Sidalcea calycosa, Sidalcea campestris
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wootonii Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 866. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 373. 1754. Theodore M. Barkley† Common names: Groundsel ragwort butterweed Etymology: reputedly from
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proximally and becoming ladder-fibrillose, membranous; blades V-shaped or M-shaped in cross-section when young, glabrous, sometimes papillose. Inflorescences
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these studies in the literature (H. Lewis and M. E. Lewis 1955; V. S. Ford and L. D. Gottlieb 2003; V. M. Eckhart et al 2004). None. Clarkia sect. Biortis
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deserts to epiphytic mesophytes in rain forest, from sea level to about 4500 m (the altiplano of South American Andes), and from the equator to about 56º
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120° from it; in most other pleurocarps the first branch leaf is lateral. M. S. Ignatov and S. Huttunen (2002) divided the family into four subfamilies
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16 and 20, respectively; C. turnerorum keys out in part at couplets 18 and 31. None. Crataegus (sect. Coccineae) ser. Aestivales, Crataegus (sect. Coccineae)
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poisonings of humans, domestic pets, and livestock (J. M. Kingsbury 1964; S. D. Mancini and J. M. Edwards 1979). Kalmia also is reportedly toxic, perhaps
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Island, D. stellatus Kellogg, a member of sect. Diplacus (M. C. Tulig and G. L. Nesom 2012). D. M. Thompson (2005) treated D. stellatus as a synonym of his
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Tripleurospermum Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 192. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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origins of holoparasitism in Orobanchaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 100: 971–983. Park, J. M. et al. 2008. A plastid phylogeny of the non-photosynthetic parasitic Orobanche
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evidence provides strong support for separate recognition of Hesperoyucca (M. A. Hanson 1993; D. J. Bogler 1994; D. J. Bogler and B. B. Simpson 1995, 1996;
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D., G. Davidse, F. Gould, M. Lazarides, and T.R. Soderstrom. 1994. A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, vol. 8 (ed. M.D. Dassanayake). Amerind Publishing
31 KB (2,561 words) - 04:21, 30 July 2020
appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 30. Mentioned on page 10, 14, 31, 118. Plants acrocarpous. Stems erect to ascending, simple to sparsely branched
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Shrubs 1.5–4 m, stems erect; inflorescences usually paniclelike, sometimes racemelike, (3–)5–15 cm. Ceanothus leucodermis 4 Shrubs 0.5–1.5 m, stems erect
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Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England. 389 pp. Columbus, J.T., M.S. Kinney, R. Pant and M.E. Siqueiros Delgado. 1998. Cladistic parsimonv analysis of internal
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Achlyopitheca (G. L. Nesom 2012g), sect. Erythranthe (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003), sect. Mimulosma (M. L. Carlson 2002; J. B. Whittall et al. 2006; Nesom 2012h)
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1989. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Basionym: Undefined tribe Plucheinae Cassini ex Dumortier Anal. Fam. Pl., 31. 1829 (as Plucheae)
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species have a number of 2n = 14. See reviews in Jie C. et al. (2004) and M. I. S. Saggoo and D. K. Srivastava (2009). Infrageneric classification of Pedicularis
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318. 1840. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Loran C. Anderson, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Common names: Goldenbush Etymology: Generic name Erica and Greek meros
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in M. tolmiei); stipules absent; petiole present (absent in M. bryophora, M. tolmiei; ± absent in M. foliolosa, M. stellaris; appearing absent in M. tempestiva);
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swarms are observed in some regions, complicating identification (M. Ownbey 1959; J. M. Egger 1994), particularly among coastal populations from southeastern
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species of ser. Ovatae herein recognized, the studies by D. M. Hines (1975), B. M. H. Larson and P. M. Catling (1996), and A. Haines (2001) indicate that they
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morphology, cytology and DNA fingerprinting. Aliso 20:21-36 Saarela, J.M., P.M. Peterson, and J. Cayouette. 2005. Bromus hallii (Poaceae), a new combination
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supported by molecular data (A. E. Senters and D. E. Soltis 2003; L. M. Schultheis and M. J. Donoghue 2004). Subgenus Grossularia (Miller) Persoon appears
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munitum, Polystichum scopulinum, Polystichum setigerum Roth Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 31, 69. 1799. David H. Wagner Etymology: Greek poly, many, and stichos, row,
13 KB (882 words) - 00:24, 30 July 2020
the flora). Johnson, D. M. 1986b. Trophopods in North American species of Athyrium (Aspleniaceae). Syst. Bot. 11: 26--31. Kato, M. 1977. Classification of
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sometimes absent; sporangial capsules glabrous or occasionally hairy. x = 27, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36. Nearly worldwide In the broadest sense, Thelypteris is
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(Poaceae): Evidence from rbcL sequence data. Syst. Bot. 20:423-435 Barkworth, M.E. and K.M. Capels. 2000. The Poaceae in North America: A geographic perspective
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Great Wass Island in the Gulf of Maine (C. A. Luer 1975; P. M. Catling and Z. Lucas 1987; L. M. Eastman 1988). Catling and Lucas found that plants corresponding
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petals 5 or rarely absent, white, rarely pink (M. biflora) or lilac (M. marcescens), clawed (M. glabra, M. groenlandica) or not, blade apex entire, emarginate
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United States and Canada. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 65:1088-1132 Guissani, L.M., J.H. Cota-Sanchez, F.O. Zuloaga, and E.A. Kellogg. 2001. A molecular phylogeny
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the floret. Arriaga, M.O. and M.E. Barkworth. 2006. Amelichloa: A new genus in the Stipeae (Poaceae). Sida 22:145-149 Barkworth, M.E. 1981. Foliar epidermes
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Engler and K. Prantl in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 31[III,1b]: 24. 1889. Richard W. Spellenberg Basionym: Undefined sect. Oxybaphus L’Heritier
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page 38. Mentioned on page 23, 24, 29, 30, 31, 39, 40, 41, 44, 48, 49, 51, 57, 61. Shrubs or trees, 1–25 m, usually not clonal, or clonal by stem fragmentation
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Sporobolus vaginiflorus, Sporobolus virginicus, Sporobolus wrightii R. Br. Paul M. Peterson, Stephan L. Hatch, Alan S. Weakley Treatment appears in FNA Volume
22 KB (1,094 words) - 04:32, 30 July 2020
Illustrator ⠉ Pohlia annotina Patricia M. Eckel Pohlia atropurpurea Patricia M. Eckel Pohlia beringiensis Patricia M. Eckel ... further results
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Beccabunga (Hill) M. M. Martínez Ortega, Albach & M. A. Fischer (species 11–17, type V. beccabunga), subg. Pellidosperma (E. B. J. Lehman) M. M. Martínez Ortega
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puberula 17 Stems solitary or, if multiple, from ground-level caudices. > 31 31 5 outermost stamens not petaloid, with anthers, filaments linear to narrowly
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Acetosa, Acetosella, and Bucephalophora (see e.g., Á. Löve 1983; Löve and B. M. Kapoor 1967; N. N. Tzvelev 1987b, 1989b). These taxa probably represent distinct
41 KB (1,085 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
Cortés-Palomec and H. E. Ballard 2006; T. M. Culley 2000, 2002; G. Davidse 1976; L. Freitas and M. Sazima 2003; C. M. Herrera 1990; A. Mayers and E. Lord 1983
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and molecular (T. Eriksson et al. 1998, 2003; C. Dobeš and J. Paule 2010; M. H. Töpel et al. 2011) interpretations has justified the segregation of P.
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rhizomatous shrubs, 0.2-2(-3)m, rarely small trees. Quercus boyntonii 17 Forest trees with single straight trunks to 25m, not rhizomatous. Quercus similis
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and P. M. Taschereau. 1983. The Genus Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae) in Canada. Ottawa. [Agricu. Canada Monogr. 31.] Bassett, C. W. Crompton, and P. M. Taschereau
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7. Treatment on page 44. Mentioned on page 24, 29, 30, 31, 38, 39, 49. Shrubs or trees, 1–15 m. Stems: branches somewhat to highly brittle at base or flexible
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Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, in Europe, w, s Asia, Australia Species 82 (31 in the flora). Ludwigia is a pansubtropical genus currently divided into 22
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Show Lower Taxa Isoëtes Reichenbach W. Carl Taylor, Neil T. Luebke, Donald M. Britton, R. James Hickey, Daniel F. Brunton Common names: Quillwort Family
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substrate or not. Roots diffuse or taproots (adventitious from offsets in M. thornberi and M. prolifera). Stems unsegmented, green to gray-green, sometimes purplish
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and D. M. Henderson 1984; D. M. Henderson 1976). There is some indication, however, that true hybrids may exist (D. B. Ward 1959; D. S. Correll and M. C.
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multiporate. Nearly worldwide Species ca. 85 (30 in the flora). Rogers, C. M. 1982. The systematics of Linum sect. Linopsis (Linaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol.
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Britton Prelim. Cat., 52. 1888. Douglas H. Goldman, Lawrence K. Magrath, Paul M. Catling Illustrated Basionym: Limodorum tuberosum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 950
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(Scrophulariaceae) and its taxonomic significance. Syst. Bot. 4: 281–296. Canne, J. M. and C. M. Kampny. 1991. Taxonomic significance of leaf and stem anatomy of Agalinis
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south of Canada reflect mostly local occurrences at high elevations (1000–3700 m) in the mountains. The ranges for many of the species are probably more extensive
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vaginatum, Paspalum virgatum, Paspalum virletii, Paspalum wrightii L. Charles M. Allen, David W. Hall Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page
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568 pp. Dube, M. 1983. Addition de Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill. (Poaceae) a la flore du Canada. Naturaliste Canad. 110:213-215 Dube, M, P. Morisset and
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lanceolata varietySacoila lanceolata var. lanceolata Paul Martin Brown, Paul M. Catling Common names: Leafless beaked orchid Illustrated Synonyms: Neottia
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particularly fluid taxonomically, and some recent molecular classifications (M. F. Fay and M. W. Chase 2000) include Nomocharis in Lilium. Of the closest relatives
37 KB (2,628 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
Opuntia phaeacantha group in Texas. Bot. Gaz. 140: 199–207. Parfitt, B. D. and M. A. Baker. 1993. Opuntia. In: J. C. Hickman, ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual. Higher
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or as ornamental or fodder plants (J. D. Sauer 1967; D. M. Brenner 1990; J. T. Williams and D. M. Brenner 1995; S. Cheatham et al. 1995). The most commonly
32 KB (1,366 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
7], dwarf raspberries or plumboys (subg. Cylactis, species 2, 16, 26, 29, 31), raspberries (subg. Idaeobatus, species 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 21, 24, 28, 33)
35 KB (2,155 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
’t Hart (1998), ’t Hart et al. (1999), S. Mayuzumi and H. Ohba (2004), and M. E. Mort et al. (2001) have formed the basis for recognizing segregate genera
21 KB (778 words) - 13:02, 30 July 2020
appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 30. Mentioned on page 4, 5, 29, 31, 37. Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, sometimes with woody base. Taproots
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pteridophytorum genera in taxonomicum ordinem redigendi. Webbia 31: 313--512. Tryon, R. M. and A. F. Tryon. 1982. Ferns and Allied Plants, with Special Reference
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Canada and adjacent New York State. Canad. J. Bot. 73:333-348 Guissani, L.M., J.H. Cota-Sanchez, E.O. Zuloaga, and E.A. Kellogg. 2001. A molecular phylogeny
26 KB (1,480 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
Bassett, I. J. 1973. The Plantains of Canada. Ottawa. Kuiper, P. J. C. and M. Bos, eds. 1992. Plantago: A Multidisciplinary Study. Berlin. Rahn, K. 1974
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mottled with dark green to purple-green spots apically, 31–59 cm; blade light green, glaucous, 8–31 × (2.6–) 4–11 cm, smaller on average and less variable
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genera, 66 species in the flora with 64 natives and 2 naturalized). Burns, R.M. and B.H. Honkala. 1990. Silvics of North America. 1.Conifers. Washington.
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most diverse in dry tropical and warm-temperate regions Species ca. 1250 (31 in the flora). Croton species are the main larval food of the leafwing butterfly
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P.M. and C.R. Annable. 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae-Eragrostideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:1-109 Peterson, P.M. 2000
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a more well-resolved phylogeny of the genus is needed. Clements, R. K., J. M. Baskin, and C. C. Baskin. 1998. The comparative biology of the two closely-related
36 KB (1,140 words) - 19:13, 29 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 32. Mentioned on page 31. Illustrator: Bee F. Gunn Copyright: Flora of North America Association Herbs
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gypsophiloides M. Martens &G aleotti Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10(1): 358. 1843 Synonyms: Boerhavia gypsophiloides (M. Martens & Galeotti) J. M. Coulter
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(Caryophyllaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 206: 411–420. Oxelman, B., M. Lidén, R. K. Rabeler, and M. Popp. 2000. A revised generic classification of the tribe Sileneae
36 KB (1,364 words) - 10:24, 30 July 2020
page 93. Mentioned on page 79, 80, 81, 90, 91, 94. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.3–3.5 m. Stems erect, ascending, arcuate, or prostrate, not rooting at nodes; branchlets
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 51. Mentioned on page 29, 31. Illustrator: Marjorie C. Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association
7 KB (663 words) - 14:28, 30 July 2020
Tripleurospermum inodorum, Tripleurospermum maritimum Schultz-Bipontinus Tanaceteen, 31. 1844. Luc Brouillet Common names: Mayweed Etymology: Greek tri- , three-
10 KB (898 words) - 20:53, 29 July 2020
Illustrator ⠉ Orthotrichum anomalum Patricia M. Eckel Orthotrichum consimile Patricia M. Eckel Orthotrichum cupulatum Patricia M. Eckel ... further results
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Illustrator ⠉ Grimmia americana Patricia M. Eckel Grimmia atrata Patricia M. Eckel Grimmia attenuata Patricia M. Eckel ... further results
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51, 57, 60, 61, 86, 104, 107, 120, 125, 126, 133. Shrubs or trees, 0.05–20 m, not clonal or, sometimes, clonal by layering or stem fragmentation. Stems
52 KB (888 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
Plagiomnium venustum T. J. Koponen Ann. Bot. Fenn. 5: 145, figs. 14, 15, 20, 31, 32, 35, 36, 41, 43, 47, 60, 69, 78, 81, 98, 100. 1968. Terry T. McIntosh
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genusMazus speciesMazus pumilus (Burman f.) Steenis Nova Guinea, n. s. 9: 31. 1958. Brian R. Keener Common names: Japanese mazus WeedyIntroducedIllustrated
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Plants erect, 0.3–1.3 m. Rhizomes tuberous, thickened. Stem often branched above. Leaves: basal 4–8, cauline 1–8; sheath auriculate, 4.5–31 cm, margins and apex
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rhomboid. Vegetative leaves to 1.75 m; sheathing base (proximal part of leaf) 22.1–66.5 (–73.3) cm; distal part of leaf 31.9–95.8 (–117.6) × 0.5–2 cm, 1.4–1
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75: 84. 1993. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Loran C. Anderson, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Common names: Rabbitbrush Basionym: Chrysocoma nauseosa Pallas ex Pursh
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exostome external surface reticulate basally, margins dentate distally. Spores 13–31 µm. North America, South America, Eurasia, Pacific Islands (New Zealand) Species
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Treatment on page 30. Mentioned on page 23, 24, 25, 29, 31, 32, 38, 47, 51, 57. Shrubs or trees, 1–30 m, not clonal, or clonal by stem fragmentation. Stems
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speciesAlpinia zerumbet (Persoon) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Smith Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 31: 204. 1972. Alan T. Whittemore Common names: Shellflower
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genusSyagrus speciesSyagrus romanzoffiana (Chamisso) Glassman Fieldiana: Botany 31: 382. 1968. Scott Zona Common names: Queen palm IntroducedIllustrated Basionym:
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Mentioned on page 649, 651, 653, 654, 655, 658, 660, 661. Shrubs, to 1.5 m (sometimes to 8 m in shaded conditions). Stems 1–50, rhizomatous or suckering and forming
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mm wide. > 31 30 Perigynia fewer than 7-veined abaxially or, if more than 7, perigynia 0.4–0.55 mm thick and achenes 0.6–1.3 mm wide. > 32 31 Perigynia
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re-evaluation of the Bruchiaceae with the description of a new genus. Brittonia 31: 469–473. Bruchia, Trematodon window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[];
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due to evolutionary convergence, not shared ancestry. Molecular analyses by M. Koch et al. (2001) and T. Mitchell-Olds et al. (2005) revealed that Arabis
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humped, and meris, part, in reference to the gibbous fruit Basionym: Lindenia M. Martens & Galeotti Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 10: 357. 1843, Senkenbergia S
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alluding to peristome Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 31. Mentioned on page 30, 666. Leaves loosely erect to erect-spreading, not 3-ranked
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649. Shrubs, 2–6 m. Stems 20–150, in colonies. Leaves fully unfolded; petiole (2.5–) 3.4–6 (–8) mm; blade ovate to obovate, (6–) 16–24 (–31) × (7–) 11–16
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lateral 7–8 mm, 33–50% of calyx length; lobe apex acuminate. Corollas 26–31 mm; tube 9–14 mm; beak 9–14 mm. 2n = 24. Phenology: Flowering May–Aug. Habitat:
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Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 395. 1877. W. Carl Taylor, Neil T. Luebke, Donald M. Britton, R. James Hickey, Daniel F. Brunton Common names: Black-spored quillwort
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Flowers: caly× 7–13 mm, lobes lanceolate; corolla red to reddish orange, 31–43 mm, tube plus indistinct throat 18–25 mm, adaxial lip 11–21 mm; pollen-sacs
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 33. Mentioned on page 31. Illustrator: Bee F. Gunn Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems
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genusCallitriche speciesCallitriche hermaphroditica Linnaeus Cent. Pl. I, 31. 1755. Richard V. Lansdown Common names: Autumnal or northern water-starwort callitriche
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longer than fruit body; plants usually tall, slender to robust, often 1–1.5+ m. > 2 1 Styles deeply divided into 2 slender stigmatic branches; fruit tubercle
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730–735. Barkley, T. M. 1962. A revision of Senecio aureus L. and allied species. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 65: 318–408. Barkley, T. M. 1968. Taxonomy of
40 KB (1,171 words) - 21:16, 29 July 2020
on page 31. Mentioned on page 30. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Subshrubs or shrubs, (0.1–) 0.3–0.5 m, less than
7 KB (547 words) - 18:19, 29 July 2020
Central America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia Species ca. 725 (31 in the flora). Five non-native Polygala species have been reported for the
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stolonifera, Agrostis tolucensis, Agrostis variabilis, Agrostis vinealis L. M.J. Harvey Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 633. Plants
31 KB (1,893 words) - 03:29, 30 July 2020
Hemisphere Genera 5, species 17–20 (2 genera, 5 species in the flora). Burns, R. M. and B. H. Honkala. 1990. Silvics of North America. 1. Conifers. Washington
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speciesEleocharis brachycarpa Svenson Rhodora 31: 200, plate 190, fig. 34. 1929. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J.
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canadensys.net/vascan); not all have been verified for this treatment. Denton, M. F. 1973. A monograph of Oxalis, section Ionoxalis (Oxalidaceae) in North America
23 KB (1,013 words) - 18:29, 29 July 2020
speciesAcleisanthes longiflora A. Gray Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 15: 260. 1853. Jackie M. Poole Common names: Angel trumpets yerba de la rabia Illustrated Treatment
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Rosoideae tribeRosaceae tribe Rubeae genusRubus speciesRubus bartonianus M. Peck Rhodora 36: 267. 1934. Lawrence A. Alice, Douglas H. Goldman, James A
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1909. Jackie M. Poole Common names: Havard’s trumpets Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 36. Mentioned on page 31, 34. Illustrator:
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Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs or trees to 11 m. Leaves: petiole 15–35 mm; blade bright or pale green abaxially, ovate, elliptic
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Bryol. Europ. 4: 1. 1851 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 31. Mentioned on page 10, 30, 118, 666. Leaves flexuose, erect, or widespreading
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Delphinium geyeri, Delphinium scopulorum, Delphinium stachydeum M. J. Warnock Madroño 31: 243. 1984. Michael J. Warnock Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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triangular, apex rounded to truncate, sometimes emarginate. Corollas straight, 18–31 mm; tube 15–18 mm; abaxial lip ± exserted, beak exserted, often whitish, yellowish
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in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 28. Mentioned on page 26, 27, 29, 30, 31. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association
10 KB (873 words) - 18:51, 29 July 2020
genusEleocharis subgenusEleocharis subg. Eleocharis S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace* Treatment appears in FNA
37 KB (456 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
(Compositae). Ph.D. dissertation. University of Kansas. Nesom, G. L. and J. M. Stucky. 2004. Taxonomy of the Liatris pilosa (graminifolia) group (Asteraceae:
24 KB (826 words) - 22:52, 29 July 2020
Shrubs, 0.1–0.4 m. Stems prostrate or spreading. Leaf-blades widely obovate to suborbiculate, 23–31 (–45) × 17–24 mm, marginal teeth 13–31.2n = 24. Phenology:
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side. Inflorescences erect, tightly clustered, compact array, 9–31 × 7–18 cm; scapes 0.5–1.9 m; rachis pruinose; internodes 2–3 mm; bracts markedly pruinose
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Cherniawsky Canad. J. Bot. 76: 2070. 1999. Randall J. Bayer, A. Linn Bogle, Donna M. Cherniawsky Common names: Arrowleaf or arrowhead sweet coltsfoot pétasite
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Volume 6. Treatment on page 31. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems to 3 m, not glaucous. Leaves: petiole
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Potentilla effusa, Potentilla hippiana (Rydberg) A. Nelson in J. M. Coulter and A. Nelson in J. M. Coulter and A. Nelson, New Man. Bot. Rocky Mt., 255. 1909
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pp. 31--39. Wagner, F. S. 1992. Cytological problems in Lycopodium sens. lat. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 718--729. Wagner, W. H. Jr. and J. M. Beitel
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United States and Canada, primarily to control weedy species of Carduus. S. M. Louda et al. (1997) reported that R. conicus has crossed over to several native
60 KB (2,205 words) - 13:43, 10 February 2021
C. vulgatum Linnaeus, have been proposed for rejection (N. J. Turland and M. Wyse Jackson 1997) because they have been a long-standing source of confusion
21 KB (1,044 words) - 10:15, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 39. Mentioned on page 31, 36, 45. Shrubs, 5–15 (–20) dm, unarmed. Stems decumbent to erect, glabrous
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brown-pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2–5 mm; blade lanceolate to oblong, 24–140 x 8–31 mm, margins serrate to pinnatifid, surfaces brown-pubescent. Bracts leaflike
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cuneate, margins entire, apex acute to rounded. Inflorescences slender; scape 12–31 cm, partially covered by sheathing bracts; spike to 17 cm, densely many-flowered;
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speciesDopatrium junceum (Roxburgh) Buchanan-Hamilton ex Bentham Scroph. Ind., 31. 1835. Robert E. Preston Common names: Horsefly’s eye WeedyIntroducedIllustrated
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were conducted on the S. glandulosus complex (e.g., A. R. Kruckeberg 1957; M. S. Mayer and P. S. Soltis 1994, 1999; Mayer et al. 1994) and on the nickel
23 KB (1,011 words) - 12:00, 30 July 2020
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 462. 1904. John L. Strother Illustrated Basionym: Actinella palmeri A. Gray Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 31. 1883 Treatment appears
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Illustrator ⠉ Schistidium atrichum Patricia M. Eckel Schistidium crassipilum Patricia M. Eckel Schistidium frigidum Patricia M. Eckel ... further results
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Aristida ternipes and Aristida hamulosa (Gramineae). Sida 14:251-261 Vaughn, J.M. 1981. Systematics of Aristida dichotoma, basiramea, and curtissii (Poaceae)
23 KB (1,150 words) - 04:51, 30 July 2020
1-3(-5)-branched panicles; leaf blades usually 0.8-3 cm > 31 31 Fruits 3-6(-8) mm diam > 32 31 Fruits 6-8 mm diam > 33 32 Leaf blades narrow-elliptic to
41 KB (2,034 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
(Asteraceae) in Mexico and Central America. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 29: 1–77. Fernald, M. L. 1943c. Notes on Hieracium. Rhodora 45: 317–325. Hieracium abscissum, Hieracium
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subgenusClematis subg. Viticella Show Lower Taxa Clematis viticella Keener & W. M. Dennis Taxon 31: 42. 1982. James S. Pringle Basionym: Undefined subg. Viticella Moench
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speciesNeogaerrhinum filipes (A. Gray) Rothmaler Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 52: 31. 1943. Kerry A. Barringer Illustrated Basionym: Antirrhinum filipes A. Gray
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familyAmaranthaceae genusBlutaparon speciesBlutaparon vermiculare (Linnaeus) Mears Taxon 31: 113. 1982. Steven E. Clemants Common names: Silverweed saltweed samphire
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 298. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants medium-sized, not
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Show Lower Taxa Pseudocampylium radicale Vanderpoorten & Hedenas J. Bryol. 31: 131. 2009. Alain Vanderpoorten Etymology: Greek pseudes, false, and genus
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sometimes more deeply pigmented and contrasting with bract coloration, 24–31 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 12–19 mm, 45–65% of calyx length, deeper than
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Mentioned on page 23, 24, 30, 31, 36, 38, 47, 121. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Trees, 4–20 m. Stems: branches flexible
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Arbutoideae genusArctostaphylos speciesArctostaphylos densiflora M. S. Baker Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 31. 1932 ,. V. Thomas Parker, Michael C. Vasey, Jon E. Keeley
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giving leaf anappearing almost plumose appearance. Inflorescences to 1 m; rachillae 11–31 cm, stiff. Flowers white; anthers pinkish. Fruits ripening from green
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speciesAnoectangium stracheyanum Mitten J. Linn. Soc., Bot., suppl. 1: 31. 1859,. Richard H. Zander, Patricia M. Eckel Synonyms: Anoectangium peckii Sullivant Treatment
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cytogenetics and taxonomy. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 14(2): 1–131. Marhold, H. Kudoh, and M. Koch. 2006. Worldwide phylogeny and biogeography of Cardamine flexuosa (Brassicaceae)
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external surface reticulate proximally, margins dentate distally. Spores 12–31 µm. Nearly worldwide Species 2 (2 in the flora). Warnstorfia consists of autoicous
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Rubus ganderi L. H. Bailey R. glaucifolius subsp. ganderi (L. H. Bailey) R. M. Beauchamp R. glaucifolius var. ganderi (L. H. Bailey) Munz R. leucodermis
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speciesEleocharis reverchonii Svenson Rhodora 31: 203, fig. 27. 1929. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace*
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Scirpidium speciesEleocharis bella (Piper) Svenson Rhodora 31: 201. 1929. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace*
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species previously classified in subg. Chamaebatus (Focke) Focke are hexaploid (M. M. Thompson 1997) and not phylogenetically close; R. nivalis appears to be
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Myosurus apetalus var. borealis, Myosurus apetalus var. montanus Gay Fl. Chil. 1: 31. 1845. Alan T. Whittemore Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Herbs
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appears to have a wing distally. Species ca. 100 (33 in the flora). Fernald, M. L. 1932. The linear-leaved North American species of Potamogeton section Axillaries
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Naturalist 77: 28–41. Moorman, M. L. 1982. Systematic Revision of Penstemon subglaber, P. saxosorum, and P. mensarum. M.S. thesis. University of Wyoming
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diffuse. Stems unsegmented, green to bluish or blue-green, columnar, [0.5–] 3–10 m × [2.8–] 5–8 cm, glabrous; ribs 3–30, low, rounded, furrows straight [or wavy]
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on each side of midvein. Racemes erect, to 40 cm in fruit; sterile bracts 9–31, ovate-spatulate, largest 1+ cm; flowers 100+, densely aggregated (separating
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ascyron subsp. pyramidatum (Aiton) N. Robson Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 31: 58. 2001. Norman K. B. Robson Common names: Millepertuis à grandes fleurs
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12. Treatment on page 102. Mentioned on page 78, 94, 95, 97. Shrubs, 0.1–3 m, matlike to moundlike. Stems prostrate, spreading, ascending, or erect, sometimes
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Southern Hemisphere in cold-temperate to subantarctic regions Species ca. 60 (31 in the flora). Species of Ptychostomum exhibit a primary radiation in the
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soft to weak, glands absent or very sparse; primary leaflets (5–) 7–21 (–31 [–51]) plus additional small leaflets interspersed, on distal (1/2–) 2/3–4/5+
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 37. Mentioned on page 31, 41, 42, 56. Shrubs, to 3 [–10] dm, armed. Stems biennial, creeping or arching
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 45. Mentioned on page 31, 36, 39. Shrubs, (10–) 20–30 (–35) dm, unarmed. Stems erect, sparsely to moderately
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 31. Shrubs, 10–30 dm, armed. Stems biennial, erect to arching, often scrambling
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Bulb ellipsoid, 26–56 × 17–31 mm, sometimes with blackish, fibrous tunic. Leaves (28–) 35–41 (–53) cm ×
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IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Juncoides subcapitataum Rydberg Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 31: 401. 1904 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 44. Mentioned on page 31, 32, 52. Herbs, 1–1.5 dm, unarmed. Stems creeping, flowering branches erect
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s maritimus subsp. paludosus (A. Nelson) T. Koyama Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 31: 148. 1980. S. Galen Smith Common names: Bolboschoenus des marais salés scirpe
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mewukka, Arctostaphylos mewukka subsp. truei Merriam Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 31: 101, plates 2, 3. 1918 ,. V. Thomas Parker, Michael C. Vasey, Jon E. Keeley
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genusAlmutaster speciesAlmutaster pauciflorus (Nuttall) Á. Löve & D. Löve Taxon 31: 356. 1982. Luc Brouillet Common names: Marsh alkali aster Illustrated Basionym:
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H. Miller, Harvey A. Miller Basionym: Funaria tucsonii Bartram Bryologist 31: 91, plate 8, figs. G–N. 1928 Synonyms: Physcomitrium haringiae Grout Treatment
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speciesElymus lanceolatus subspeciesElymus lanceolatus subsp. psammophilus (J.M. Gillett & H. Senn) Á. Löve Mary E. Barkworth, Julian J.N. Campbell, Bjorn
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collection is still uncertain; it has not been included here. Heiser, C. B., D. M. Smith, S. Clevenger, and W. C. Martin. 1969. The North American sunflowers
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bracts subulate, 2 × 1 mm, apex acute; pedicels slender, 5–7 mm. Flowers 5–31, mauve-purple and green; dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate
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areoles copiously hairy; hairs deciduous to persistent, long or short. Spines 9–31 per areole; longest spines 10 mm. Flowers campanulate, 5–6 cm; outer tepals
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 31. Mentioned on page 12, 29. Plants 0.5–1.2 m. Stems erect, pubescent; spines at nodes 1–3, 4–8 mm;
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sometimes coarsely, toothed; distal well developed or much reduced. Pedicels 0.5–31 mm, 1/2–5 times subtending leaves. Flowers chasmogamous or cleistogamous;
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 38. Mentioned on page 28, 31. Herbs, (0.5–) 1–2.5 (–3) dm, unarmed. Stems from rhizomes, erect, rarely
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 47. Mentioned on page 31, 48. Illustrator: Marjorie C. Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association
8 KB (716 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 46. Mentioned on page 30, 31, 43, 44. Illustrator: Marjorie C. Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America
8 KB (690 words) - 14:21, 30 July 2020
Basionym: Sisymbrium diffusum var. jaegeri Munz Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 31: 61. 1932 Synonyms: Halimolobos diffusa var. jaegeri (Munz) Rollins Treatment
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adaxially, lanceolate or ovatelanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or ovate, 20–100 × 8–31 mm, base rounded to obtuse or acute, margins coarsely serrate, apex acute
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Eriogonum angelense Moran, E. austrinum (S. Stokes) Reveal, E. galioides I. M. Johnston, E. intricatum Bentham, E. moranii Reveal, E. pilosum S. Stokes,
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operculum conic-apiculate; exostome dark-brown; endostome yellowish-brown. Spores 31–40 µm. North America, Eurasia, circumtemperate to circumboreal Species 2 (1
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Frond., 31. 1801 Synonyms: Schistostega osmundacea D. Mohr Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 475. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright:
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genusLasianthaea speciesLasianthaea podocephala (A. Gray) K. M. Becker Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 31(2): 52. 1979. John L. Strother Illustrated Basionym: Verbesina
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(Linnaeus) Brongniart Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris sér. 3, 8: 186. 1821. Robert M. Lloyd Illustrated Basionym: Acrostichum thalictroides Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2:
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familySmilacaceae genusSmilax speciesSmilax jamesii G. A. Wallace Brittonia 31: 416, fig. 1. 1979. Walter C. Holmes IllustratedEndemicConservation concern
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Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page 80, 101. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.1–0.3 m, matlike or moundlike. Stems spreading or prostrate, not rooting at nodes,
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are found, an infusion of the flowers is used for ptomaine poisoning, and M. L. Zigmond (1981) stated that the Kawaiisu used mashed flowers as a salve
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major (Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) L. D. Benson Opuntia acanthocarpa var. ramosa Peebles Opuntia echinocarpa var. robustior J. M. Coulter Treatment appears
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IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Dodecatheon jeffreyi var. redolens H. M. Hall Bot. Gaz. 31: 392. 1901 Synonyms: Primula fragrans Mast & Reveal Treatment appears
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EndemicConservation concern Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 31. Mentioned on page 30. Plants 60–80 cm. Stems glabrate, glandular. Leaves
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based on patterns of variation in chromosome number (H. Lewis and Raven 1961; M. Kurabayashi et al. 1962), wood anatomy (S. Carlquist 1975), seed morphology
32 KB (1,609 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
genusAndreaea speciesAndreaea nivalis Hooker Trans. Linn. Soc. London 10: 395, plate 31, fig. 4. 1811,. Richard H. Zander Synonyms: Andreaea baileyi (Holzinger) Holzinger
5 KB (395 words) - 06:44, 30 July 2020
Musci Exot. 1: plate 31. 1818 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 344. Mentioned on page 342. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright:
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speciesAbronia turbinata Torrey ex S. Watson Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 285, plate 31, figs. 1–5, 8, 9. 1871. Leo A. Galloway IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears
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appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 32. Mentioned on page 30, 31. Shrubs or trees, 2–8 m. Branches brittle throughout. Leaves: petiole with stalked, spherical
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varietyCeanothus megacarpus var. insularis (Eastwood) Munz Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 31: 68. 1932. Clifford L. Schmidt†, Dieter H. Wilken Common names: Island big-pod
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capsule growth, pale to deep bluish violet, each 3-veined or 5-veined, 16–31 × 3–5 cm; anthers dull yellow to violet, 2.5–4 mm; fruiting pedicel incurving-erect
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Lower Taxa Eleocharis melanocarpa Svenson Rhodora 31: 129. 1929. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace*
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long-ciliate; blades 4-6.5 mm wide, flat or the margins involute, straight. Spikes 15-31 cm long, 0.4-1.5 cm wide including the awns, 0.4-0.8 cm wide excluding the
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Elevation: 10–400 m. Generated Map Legacy Map Tex., Mexico (Nuevo León), Mexico (Tamaulipas) Condalia hookeri var. edwardsiana was noted by M. C. Johnston (1962)
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs or trees, to 10 m, sometimes rhizomatous. Stems: bark smooth to vertically furrowed, shredding;
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Eragrostis trichodes, Eragrostis trichophora, Eragrostis unioloides Wolf Paul M. Peterson Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 65. Plants
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Illustrator ⠉ Didymodon perobtusus Patricia M. Eckel Didymodon anserinocapitatus Patricia M. Eckel Didymodon bistratosus Patricia M. Eckel ... further results
28 KB (1,343 words) - 07:04, 30 July 2020
genusQuercus sectionQuercus sect. Lobatae speciesQuercus inopina Ashe Rhodora 31: 79. 1929. Kevin C. Nixon EndemicIllustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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of the same or of different ploidy levels may produce viable hybrids (e.g., M. L. Dean and K. L. Chambers 1983). Triploid hybrids seem to be generally unviable
62 KB (1,546 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
on page 34. Mentioned on page 31, 37. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Trees, 2–15 m. Stems: branches flexible to highly
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sect. Trachyphytum, “Affines” [containing Mentzelia affinis, M. dispersa, and M. micrantha (J. M. Brokaw and L. Hufford 2010)] and “Trachyphyta” [containing
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speciesPseudocampylium radicale (P. Beauvois) Vanderpoorten & Hedenas J. Bryol. 31: 131. 2009. Alain Vanderpoorten Illustrated Basionym: Hypnum radicale P. Beauvois
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 48. Mentioned on page 31, 47. Shrubs, 5–20 (–30) dm, unarmed. Stems biennial, erect, sparsely hairy
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page 135. Mentioned on page 19, 22, 23, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 37, 92, 130, 134, 137, 1. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 0.05–1.3 m, (gnarled, sometimes forming clones by layering). Stems: branches yellowbrown
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Treatment on page 511. Plants (15–) 31–76 cm (in flower). Leaves: blades on flowering-stems, 33–150 × 5–23 mm. Flowers: sepals 31–65 × 3–5.5 mm; petals 27–53 ×
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Soc., Bot. 73(1--3): i--vi, 1--302. Tryon, R. M. 1941. A revision of the genus Pteridium. Rhodora 43: 1--31, 37--67. Pteridium aquilinum window.properti
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rarely smooth or hairy; ligules (1) 3-8 (12) mm, lacerate; blades (10) 16-31 (50) cm long, 2-8 (11) mm wide, flat, lax, abaxial surfaces scabrous, adaxial
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 54. Mentioned on page 31, 36, 37, 55, 56. Shrubs, 30–50 dm, unarmed or armed. Stems biennial, erect
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IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Hesperis pinnatifida Michaux Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 31. 1803 Synonyms: Arabis hesperidoides (Torrey & A. Gray) A. Gray Cheiranthus
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Bryologist 31: 93, plate 9, figs. A–F. 1928 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 186. Mentioned on page 184, 187. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel
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of spike length (in mm) to flower number = 3–6.1; terminal spikes (19–) 23–31 (–40) × 2.5–3 (–3.3) mm. Pistillate scales 3.3–6.6 × 1.6–1.9 mm, margins whitish
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naked when older, covered by leaf-sheaths distally, usually branched, terete, 31–55 cm × 2–4 mm. Leaves several; sheaths clasping stem, 4–4.5 cm; blade oblong-lanceolate
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Dieterlea E. J. Lott Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 31. Mentioned on page 3, 6, 30. Plants perennial, dioecious, trailing and climbing
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genusCheilanthes speciesCheilanthes covillei Maxon Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 31: 147. 1918. Michael D. Windham, Eric W. Rabe Common names: Coville's lip fern
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Treatment on page 392. Mentioned on page 391, 393. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants medium-sized to
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D. dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, U.S.A. 238 pp. Gould, F.W. 1975. The Grasses of Texas. Texas A&M University Press, College
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