tomentose; e Texas to North Carolina. Quercus incana 12 Leaf margins entire or merely spinose. > 13 12 Leaf margins shallowly or deeply lobed, not merely
23 KB (617 words) - 08:21, 30 July 2020
vertical. Basal leaves 1-5, ternate; petiole 5-35 cm; terminal leaflet sessile or nearly so, oblanceolate to obovate, 2-9 (-12) × 2-5 (-7) cm, base cuneate
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trunk to 1.5m diam.; crown broadly conic. Bark brownish, scaly and fissured. Twigs yellowbrown, densely pubescent. Buds ovoid, 1.5–2.5mm. Leaves (5–) 15–20
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9-15 × 5-10 mm, spur 12-20 mm; petals whitish to bluish, lateral lobes 3-5 mm, terminal lobe 3-4 × 1-2 mm, sinus 0.1-0.5 mm. Follicles 10-15 mm, pubescent
5 KB (481 words) - 08:35, 30 July 2020
unspurred outer petal bent, 12-15 mm, crest similar to that of spurred petal; inner petals oblanceolate, 9-12 mm, claw slender, nearly 1/2 petal length; nectariferous
8 KB (492 words) - 08:24, 30 July 2020
appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 3. Mentioned on page 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 70. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
native in the flora area, 616 (418 endemic) grow in the United States, 140 (12 endemic) in Canada, and 31 (1 endemic) in Greenland. The latest comprehensive
107 KB (3,718 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
Vesicariae, Carex sect. Vulpinae Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 972. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 420. 1754. Peter W. Ball, A. A. Reznicek Common names: Carex laîche Treatment
80 KB (3,349 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
sometimes borne singly. Calyculi 0. Phyllaries persistent or falling, usually in 3–5+ series (usually in spirals, sometimes in vertical ranks), distinct, unequal
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convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets (8–) 12–35 (–75+); usually in 1 series, in 2–5 series, rarely in 4–5+ series in S. frondosum, pistillate, fertile;
62 KB (1,546 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
Taxa Laportea aestuans, Laportea canadensis Gaudichaud Beaupré Voy. Uranie 12: 498. 1830, name conserved. David E. Boufford Etymology: For F.L. de Laporte
6 KB (268 words) - 08:47, 30 July 2020
Mentioned on page 3, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 36, 204, 257, 334. Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted
97 KB (2,063 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
Seed-cones cylindric, (5–) 6–7 (–12) × 3–3.5cm, light green, dark blue, deep purple, or gray, sessile, apex rounded; scales ca. 2–2.5 × 2–2.5cm, densely pubescent;
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be placed in 12 tribes, noting molecular support for at least six of them. Species in the flora area are distributed among nine of the 12 tribes: Angelonieae
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glumes and beneath the florets, sometimes below the glumes. Spikelets 0.7-50 mm, laterally compressed, sometimes weakly so, sometimes viviparous, usually
45 KB (1,179 words) - 03:07, 30 July 2020
1-3-veined or 7-13-veined, rarely 5-veined, if with 7-13 veins, the veins often in 3 groups; lodicules 2, or absent, x = 7, 8, 9, 10, 12. Most members of the Cynodonteae
34 KB (1,217 words) - 04:33, 30 July 2020
(3–) 5–9 (–11) mm. Flowers: sepals ascending, oblong to oblong-linear, (3–) 4–7 × (0.8–) 12 mm; petals spatulate, (6–) 8–12 × (1.5–) 2–4 mm, claw 2–5 mm;
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to purplish, not yellow, not 2-lipped (sometimes ± zygomorphic), lobes (4–) 5, usually ± deltate to lanceovate, sometimes lanceolate to lance-linear; anther
17 KB (728 words) - 22:41, 29 July 2020
Opuntioideae), pyriform, obovoid, lenticular-reniform, or nearly circular, 0.4–12 mm diam.; testa glossy or dull; rarely with corky arillate appendages (strophioles
40 KB (1,967 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
covered by the coleorhiza (root sheath); hila punctate to linear. x = 5,6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12. The Poaceae or grass family includes approximately 700 genera and
35 KB (1,876 words) - 02:36, 30 July 2020
pyramidal, irregularly oblong-ovoid, or trapezoidal, shiny, wings absent. x = 12. North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, n Eurasia, in West
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incertus). > 12 12 Staminodes glabrous; pollen sacs parallel to divergent, sutures denticulate, teeth to 0.2–0.3 mm. 26b.5. Penstemon sect. Chamaeleon 12 Staminodes
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(minutely reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. x = 6–12. North America, Mexico, South America (Andes), South America (Colombia to
85 KB (2,094 words) - 12:08, 30 July 2020
yellowbrown, finely pubescent. Buds ovoid, gray-brown, 2.5–3.5mm. Leaves (5–) 10–20 (–30) mm, mostly appearing 2-ranked, flattened; abaxial surface glaucous
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short, stout, sharp prickle. Seeds ellipsoid; body ca. 6mm, gray to nearly black; wing 12–16mm. 2n =24. Habitat: Uplands, dry forests Elevation: 200–610m
7 KB (506 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
spreading upon drying), 3–12 × 1.7–10 mm. Phyllaries 10–35 in 3–5 series, midnerves usually ± swollen and translucent, sometimes plus 2–5 secondary nerves (striate
18 KB (1,000 words) - 21:32, 29 July 2020
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4: 16. 1848 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 224. Mentioned on page 222, 223, 225, 264, 294, 327, 430
80 KB (1,352 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
stamens 4–5 mm, those of shorter ones 2–3 mm; anthers cream, 0.3–0.4 × 0.2–0.3 mm; ovary 8–18 mm, subglabrous to strigillose; style white, 2.5–3.5mm, stigma
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trichomes, 0.07–0.5mm, (some rays branched, appearing 2–12-rayed, midvein obscure abaxially). Cauline leaves (2 or) 3–10 (–13); sessile; blade ovate to oblong
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or absent; sepals usually persistent (deciduous in Abelmoschus), 5, ± connate; petals 5, usually distinct, adnate to staminal column and connate to each
20 KB (532 words) - 11:23, 30 July 2020
A new classification of the tribe Cichorieae, family Compositae. Madroño 12: 33–64. Tomb, A. S. 1974. Chromosome numbers and generic relationships in
30 KB (805 words) - 20:06, 29 July 2020
described species from Peru). Likewise, flowers vary in size from less than 1 mm and barely visible to the naked eye (Platystele Garay), to 15–20 cm diameter
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hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 0 or 2–12, distinct or connate basally to most of length; petals 0 or (3–) 5 (–6), distinct or connate; nectary present
24 KB (1,347 words) - 18:25, 29 July 2020
Sida ulmifolia, Sida urens Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 683. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 306. 1754. Paul A. Fryxell†, Steven R. Hill Common names: Fanpetals wireweed
13 KB (672 words) - 11:32, 30 July 2020
(Brassicaceae) III: Additional sexual diploids and apomictic hybrids. Harvard Pap. Bot. 12: 235–257. Boechera acutina, Boechera arcuata, Boechera atrorubens, Boechera
73 KB (2,294 words) - 12:15, 30 July 2020
oblanceolate to cuneate, mostly 5–15 mm, usually lobed or toothed distally, heads disciform, involucres hemispheric or broader (2–3+ mm diam.), phyllaries in 2–4
23 KB (1,089 words) - 20:43, 29 July 2020
Seeds 1; testa thin, free from pericarp; embryo basal; endosperm abundant. x = 5–ca. 100. Worldwide Genera ca. 100, species ca. 5000 (27 genera, 843 species
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fruit, 3-5 (-6), green or sometimes purple, yellow, or white, plane (base saccate in R. ficaria), oblong to elliptic, ovate, or lanceolate, 1-15 mm; petals
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 50. Mentioned on page 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 49. Herbs or shrubs, sometimes vines
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Mimulus in the broad sense. The species of Erythranthe have been divided into 12 sections (W. R. Barker et al. 2012), closely corresponding to the cladistic
49 KB (1,607 words) - 18:59, 29 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 82. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 8, 12, 95, 172, 176, 195. Annuals or perennials (sometimes coarse and/or robust
15 KB (836 words) - 20:05, 29 July 2020
compressed; auricles absent; ligules membranous, truncate to acuminate; blades 0.4-12 mm wide, flat, folded, or involute, adaxial surfaces with a groove on each side
87 KB (2,178 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
epigynous, 8–25 mm diam.; hypanthium ± obconic, constricted at disc except for opening, 2–6 mm wide; sepals 5, spreading, triangular; petals 5, white, sometimes
26 KB (2,400 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
exserted, flattened distally, 0.2–0.8 (–1.1) mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy, hairs to 3 mm, sometimes glabrous; style glabrous.
36 KB (1,140 words) - 19:13, 29 July 2020
Calyculi 0 or of 1–15+ bractlets. Phyllaries persistent or falling, usually in 3–5+ series, usually distinct (sometimes connate and forming hardened perigynia
30 KB (1,803 words) - 22:30, 29 July 2020
flowers with 3–5-parted calyx, ebracteate; stamens 3–5. Pistillate flowers lacking perianth, pistil naked, or in few species with (1–) 3–5-lobed perianth
45 KB (1,022 words) - 09:34, 30 July 2020
veins), 5–15 mm, blade 2–6 × 1–1.5 mm, not crisped, claw narrowly oblanceolate or oblong, 3–9 × 1–1.5 mm; filaments tetradynamous, median pairs 3–6 mm, lateral
7 KB (774 words) - 11:59, 30 July 2020
or (distally) linear-lanceolate to ovate or cordate, 2–12 cm, (segments 0.4–2.7 cm × 0.5–1.5mm), base not auriculate proximally, amplexicaul distally,
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1-locular or 3–5-locular; styles 3 or 5, occasionally 4 (absent in staminate flowers), filiform, 1.5–20 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 3 or 5, occasionally
36 KB (1,364 words) - 10:24, 30 July 2020
broadly ovate to suborbiculate, 1–8 (–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes
28 KB (995 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 476. Mentioned on page 5, 12, 13, 110, 163, 265, 286, 377, 381, 468, 482, 491, 548, 562, 56. Plants usually
28 KB (882 words) - 07:00, 30 July 2020
or 3-5 locular, placentation free-central, basal, or axile in proximal half; ovules mostly campylotropous, bitegmic, crassinucellate; styles 1-5 (-6),
29 KB (1,113 words) - 10:14, 30 July 2020
Guy L. Nesom Common names: Buckthorn Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 43. Shrubs, trees, or woody vines, [herbs, annual or perennial]
16 KB (532 words) - 18:17, 29 July 2020
cylindric to obconic or campanulate, 5–12 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, (10–) 14–45 (–60) in 3–7 (–9) series, usually (4–) 5–6 (–16) -striate or nerved, linear
17 KB (617 words) - 22:47, 29 July 2020
(smooth), mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. x = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15. North America, n Mexico, s South America (Argentina), s South
40 KB (1,647 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
symmetric; sepals not persistent in fruit, 5 (-9), white, occasionally tinged pinkish, plane, ovate to obovate, 3.5-15 mm; petals absent; stamens 9-75; filaments
10 KB (562 words) - 08:35, 30 July 2020
clawed, 2-12 mm, nectary absent; stamens 25-40; filaments with base expanded; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 3 (-5), simple; ovules
9 KB (574 words) - 08:34, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 384. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 12, 385, 461, 471. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (often ± woolly
25 KB (1,822 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
to base (split to base in Tolmiea); sepals usually (4–) 5 (–6), distinct; petals usually (4–) 5 (–6) or absent, distinct, lobed or unlobed; nectary disc
27 KB (1,591 words) - 13:14, 30 July 2020
Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer. 1: 534. 1840 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 498. Mentioned on page 497, 518, 524, 525, 543. Herbs,
20 KB (775 words) - 18:32, 29 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 82. Mentioned on page 12, 13, 15, 57, 61, 75, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 92, 94, 96, 97, 98, 108, 110, 117
20 KB (1,850 words) - 19:05, 29 July 2020
tion" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.".5mm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement for this property.".8" is
7 KB (653 words) - 01:25, 30 July 2020
Inflorescences spikes, usually exserted, with 1-3 (5) spikelets per node, internodes (1.5) 2-26 mm; rachises with scabridulous, scabrous, or ciliate edges
45 KB (3,070 words) - 03:00, 30 July 2020
usually prismatic, sometimes cylindric, ellipsoid, obconic, or turbinate, 5–12-ribbed, faces glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy, sometimes gland-dotted;
23 KB (1,156 words) - 22:11, 29 July 2020
hypogynous; sepals 5, connate (1/4–) 1/2+ their lengths into cup or tube, (1–) 5–40 (–62) mm, apex not hooded or awned; petals absent or 5, often showy, white
11 KB (721 words) - 10:22, 30 July 2020
Cardueae–Compositae) based on ITS and ETS rDNA sequence data. Molec. Ecol. 12: 141–151. Moore, R. J. and C. Frankton. 1969. Cytotaxonomy of some Cirsium
60 KB (2,205 words) - 13:43, 10 February 2021
usually glabrous, rarely hispidulous, with 1 to many spikelets. Spikelets 2-12 mm, subterete to strongly laterally compressed, sometimes bulbiferous; florets
9 KB (1,015 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
hirtellous-pilose (glabrous in L. oligocephala), usually glanddotted; pappi persistent, of 12–40 coarsely barbellate to plumose bristles in 1–2 series. x = 10. North America
24 KB (826 words) - 22:52, 29 July 2020
lavender, suborbicular to obovate, 3.5–6.5 × 1.5–3.5mm, narrowed to claw, 1.5–3 mm, apex rounded; anthers oblong, 0.5–0.7 mm. Fruits usually suberect, rarely
9 KB (929 words) - 11:59, 30 July 2020
than sepals; filaments 12–20 mm, anthers 7–12 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 43–58 mm, stigma usually slightly exserted beyond anthers or surrounded by
10 KB (1,131 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
or not; branches not spikelike, not disarticulating. Spikelets 1-27 mm long, 0.5-9 mm wide, laterally compressed, with (1) 2-60 florets; disarticulation
33 KB (1,388 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
plants with 0–11 (–22) basal leaves per caudex, acaulescent plants with 1–12 (–18) leaves per rhizome, prostrate to erect; stipules adnate to petiole or
39 KB (2,374 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
bisexual; hypanthium shallowly cupulate to hemispheric, less than 0.5 mm wide; sepals 5 (or (5–) 6 (–8) in C. jepsonii), usually incurved, sometimes becoming
10 KB (807 words) - 18:19, 29 July 2020
adaxial side, with persistent coma at chalazal end or coma absent. = 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America,
32 KB (1,609 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
length 1.5–3 times width. > 11 11 Flower buds fusiform, tip acute. Clarkia borealis 11 Flower buds narrowly obovoid, tip obtuse. > 12 12 Petal length 1.5–2 times
19 KB (745 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
1–2 series, usually distinct, equal to subequal, and herbaceous, rarely in 3–5+ series, distinct, unequal, and herbaceous to chartaceous (e.g., Lepidospartum)
23 KB (1,021 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
Flowers all bisexual or sometimes distalmost staminate; perianth absent or of 2–12 (–20) bristles, usually persistent in fruit, rarely deciduous, variously barbed
38 KB (1,253 words) - 01:40, 30 July 2020
membranous. Leaves generally withering from tip by anthesis, usually persistent, 1–12, basal; blade usually linear, terete, channeled, or flat (carinate in A. sativum
43 KB (1,553 words) - 05:48, 30 July 2020
cymiform, or subumbelliform arrays. Calyculi 0 or 1–5+ bractlets. Involucres campanulate to cylindric, 5–12 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, usually 8, 13, or
40 KB (1,171 words) - 21:16, 29 July 2020
embryonic leaf margins usually overlapping, rarely just meeting, x = 5, (7), 9, 10, (12), (14). The subfamily Panicoideae is most abundant in tropical and
17 KB (1,292 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
with 2–20+ spikes, 1–1.5 times as long as wide in fruit; proximal bracts scalelike or bristlelike, rarely leaflike, not more than 5 cm, not more than 2 times
57 KB (937 words) - 01:54, 30 July 2020
floral scales 1.5–2(–2.5) mm wide, (2–)3–5 per mm of rachilla; ranges various. > 20 20 Tubercles mostly wider than high, 0.15–0.3(–0.5) mm; achenes finely
37 KB (456 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
peduncular bracts, mostly 1/5–1/2+ times phyllaries), sometimes 0. Involucres mostly cylindric or turbinate to campanulate, 5–15 (–40) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent
30 KB (1,295 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
Succ., 159. 1812 Synonyms: Chamaesyce Gray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 251. Mentioned on page 239, 260, 263, 274. Herbs, rarely
36 KB (819 words) - 18:21, 29 July 2020
shorter to longer than campanulate, cylindric, or funnelform throats, lobes (4–) 5, deltate to lanceolate (usually equal); anther thecae usually dark (collars
21 KB (800 words) - 22:59, 29 July 2020
cincinnate, less often simple). Pedicels present or absent. Flowers erect, (3–) 5–8 [–12] -merous; sepals distinct and spurred or slightly connate basally, (green)
21 KB (778 words) - 13:02, 30 July 2020
glabrous, scabrous, or with short hairs, 3-veined (occasionally appearing 5-veined), apices awned, mucronate, or unawned; awns, if present, straight, flexuous
42 KB (1,621 words) - 04:38, 30 July 2020
flattened distally, 0.2–1.3 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy or papillate, hairs or papillae to 1.5 mm, rarely glabrous; style
29 KB (982 words) - 19:10, 29 July 2020
forming the sister group to Ericaceae. Monotropa and related genera (genera 5–12 of this treatment), and Pyrola and related genera (genera 1–4 of this treatment)
33 KB (1,383 words) - 13:10, 30 July 2020
blooming before or at leaf emergence, 4–40 mm diam.; hypanthium 1.5–8 mm, exterior glabrous or hairy; sepals 5, erect to reflexed, usually triangular, semicircular
43 KB (1,828 words) - 14:17, 30 July 2020
Pedicularis is 2n = 16. Two species are reported to have a diploid number of 2n = 12, and at least five species have a number of 2n = 14. See reviews in Jie C
19 KB (1,040 words) - 19:27, 29 July 2020
absent; sepals persistent after anthesis or tardily caducous, (3 or) 4 or 5 (–7), green, sometimes yellow or cream, often becoming flushed with red post-anthesis
30 KB (1,654 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
flowering branchlets (staminate 0-5 mm, to 9 mm in S. myricoides, pistillate 0-14 mm, to 35 mm in S. hookeriana) > 13 12 Flowering as leaves emerge (staminate
52 KB (888 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
phyllaries). Involucres hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric, 3–9 [–12+] mm diam. Phyllaries 5–21 (–40+) in 2+ series, lanceolate to linear, subequal to unequal
26 KB (1,108 words) - 20:14, 29 July 2020
corymbose, or solitary flowers. Flowers unisexual [bisexual]; sepals (4–) 5 (–6), sometimes vestigial (Cyclanthera), connate, calyx rotate, campanulate
19 KB (877 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
campanulate; teeth 5–10 or more, erect or lobelike and spreading to reflexed. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, attenuate at base, stipelike base 0.1–3 mm; perianth
24 KB (947 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
loosely cespitose, with or without rhizomes, occasionally stoloniferous. Culms 5-150 (275) cm, usually glabrous and smooth throughout, sometimes scabrous or
52 KB (3,291 words) - 03:08, 30 July 2020
glabrous, rarely pubescent; replum rounded; septum complete; ovules (10–) 12–120 per ovary; style distinct or obsolete; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Seeds
23 KB (1,011 words) - 12:00, 30 July 2020
Involucres narrowly cylindric or fusiform to turbinate or broadly campanulate, 1–12+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 3–21+ in 1–2 series (connate to 7/8+ their
11 KB (696 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
×arizonica, Agave ×glomeruliflora Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 323. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 150. 1754. James L. Reveal, Wendy C. Hodgson Common names: Century plant Etymology:
24 KB (1,110 words) - 06:12, 30 July 2020
Flowers (5–) 8–20 (–26) mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets (4 or) 5 (–10); hypanthium patelliform to cupulate, rarely turbinate, 0.5–2.5 (–5) × (1.5–) 2–7 (–10)
31 KB (1,939 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
kroton, tick, alluding to resemblance of seeds Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 206. Mentioned on page 157, 158, 205, 207. Herbs, subshrubs
24 KB (874 words) - 18:18, 29 July 2020
Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10: 338. 1875 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 94. Mentioned on page 78, 84, 93, 95. Shrubs, evergreen
14 KB (504 words) - 18:27, 29 July 2020
Common names: Staff-tree or Bittersweet Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 111. Mentioned on page 112, 119. Herbs, shrubs, trees,
13 KB (513 words) - 18:16, 29 July 2020
flattened distally, (0.2–) 0.4–3 mm diam., tip recurved, rarely coiled or straight, distal 10–50 (–70) % hairy, hairs to 2.5 mm, rarely glabrous; style glabrous
17 KB (733 words) - 19:07, 29 July 2020
buds 2-12 mm; nut (12-)25-30(-40) mm; Pacific slope; California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia. Quercus garryana 21 Terminal buds ca. 3 mm; nut (8-)12-15(-33)
27 KB (606 words) - 08:45, 30 July 2020
funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate to linear; anther thecae pale; stigmatic papillae in 2 lines. Cypselae mostly obpyramidal and 4–5-angled, sometimes clavate
17 KB (818 words) - 23:57, 29 July 2020
thinly floccose or glabrous; teeth 6–12, lobelike, reflexed, 1–4 (–6) mm. Flowers 2–10 (–12) mm, including (0.7–) 1.3–2 mm stipelike base; perianth various
27 KB (1,609 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
fruit; sepals 5, calyx symmetric, tubular, lobes triangular to deltate, rarely reduced or barely evident, midvein angled or wing-angled; petals 5, corolla marcescent
28 KB (1,133 words) - 19:01, 29 July 2020
purple, or violet; stamens: filaments 5 long and 5 short, alternating with one another, or equal length. x = (5–) 7 (–12). North America, Mexico, West Indies
23 KB (1,013 words) - 18:29, 29 July 2020
Larry Hufford Common names: Stickleaf Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 491. Mentioned on page 462, 494. Herbs, subshrubs, shrubs
12 KB (698 words) - 18:33, 29 July 2020
membranous, or membranous and ciliate, sometimes absent; pseudoligules of 1-5 mm hairs often present at the bases of the blades immediately behind the true
26 KB (1,343 words) - 04:00, 30 July 2020
306. 1837 Synonyms: Mesyniopsis W. A. Weber Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 378. Mentioned on page 371, 373, 394, 395. Herbs or subshrubs
12 KB (469 words) - 18:17, 29 July 2020
Eriogonum sect. Ganysma S. Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 259. 1877 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 380. Mentioned on page 223, 381,
30 KB (1,075 words) - 10:46, 30 July 2020
Flowers bisexual; sepals persistent, 5 (4 in A. nummularia, A. sensitiva), distinct, ovate to deltate; petals 5 (4 in A. nummularia, A. sensitiva), connate
41 KB (2,034 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
13 subgenera within Veronica; this was reduced to 12 by P. J. Garnock-Jones et al. (2007). Of these 12, ten are represented in the flora area. Species in
20 KB (967 words) - 19:23, 29 July 2020
sometimes capillary, barbellate to barbellulate) bristles; pistillate usually of 12–20+ (capillary, barbellulate to smooth) bristles. x = 14. Temperate and arctic/alpine
38 KB (2,648 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
Christian Mentzel, 1622–1701, German botanist Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 496. Mentioned on page 492, 497, 498, 519. Herbs or subshrubs
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Disc-florets (5–) 12–60 (–150+), bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes whitish [purplish], tubes shorter than throats, lobes (3–) 5, ± deltate
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linear; embryos less than 1/3 the length of the caryopses. x = 7, 8, 10, 11, 12. The tribe Stipeae includes about 15 genera and approximately 500 species
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spikelike; bracts present. Pedicels present; bracteoles absent. Flowers: sepals 5, calyx radially, rarely bilaterally, symmetric, campanulate to hemispheric
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velutinus Clifford L. Schmidt†, Dieter H. Wilken Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 79. Mentioned on page 78, 101. Shrubs, evergreen or deciduous
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borne singly. Peduncles not inflated distally, not bracteate. Calyculi of 5–12, reduced, subulate to lanceolate or deltate bractlets in ± 1 series, mostly
18 KB (964 words) - 20:06, 29 July 2020
flat or convex, epaleate. Ray-florets 0 or 8–12 pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow or white. Disc-florets 5–100+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow or
7 KB (521 words) - 23:47, 29 July 2020
(1–) 2–5 (–6) per fascicle, persisting 2–12 or more years, terete or ± 2–3-angled and rounded on abaxial surface, sessile, sheathed at base by 12–15 overlapping
29 KB (1,428 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
Muscadinia (Planchon) Small Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 4. Mentioned on page 3, 5. Lianas, climbing by tendrils, sprawling, or occasionally
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included four subgenera and 12 sections within subg. Minuartia; our 33 species would be distributed among seven of those 12 sections. While we follow McNeill
25 KB (1,236 words) - 10:19, 30 July 2020
awns 3-80 mm, centric, readily deciduous to persistent, usually scabrous to scabridulous, sometimes hairy in whole or in part, if shorter than 12 mm, usually
28 KB (2,014 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
sepals 5, distinct or barely connate proximally, green (sometimes purplish in E. capillaris and E. eastwoodiae), linear-lanceolate to ovate, 1.8–12 mm, margins
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and Monolopia congdonii; sometimes winged in Monolopia); pappi 0 or of 1–12+ aristate, erose, laciniate, or truncate scales or awns in 1–2 series (often
11 KB (627 words) - 23:52, 29 July 2020
Candollea 12: 9–152. Tolmatchew, A. I. 1966. Rumex. In: A. I. Tolmatchew, ed. 1960–1987. Flora Arctica URSS. 10 vols. Moscow and Leningrad. Vol. 5, pp. 143–161
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entire, forked, or glochidiform); pappi persistent or readily falling, of 12–35+, ± lanceolate or subulate to setiform scales (= flattened bristles of
18 KB (845 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
occasionally absent; anthers 1 or 3. Caryopses fusiform; hila linear, x = 11, 12. Conn., D.C, Del., Ill., Ind., Mass., Md., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J.,
23 KB (1,150 words) - 04:51, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 281. Mentioned on page 5, 11, 12, 13, 280. Herbs, annual or perennial, sometimes biennial [rarely suffrutescent
17 KB (732 words) - 19:20, 29 July 2020
0 or 8, pistillate, fertile; corollas white to ochroleucous. Disc-florets 12–70+, bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow to ochroleucous or whitish
9 KB (558 words) - 23:45, 29 July 2020
4–8 [–12], antipetalous, epipetalous; anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits; pistils 1, [1–] 3–12 [–30] -carpellate; ovary superior, [1–] 3–12 [–15]
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chromosomes during meiosis. In PTH species, a ring of 14 chromosomes or occasionally 12 + 1 pair chromosomes is formed at meiotic metaphase. A PTH species in the
26 KB (2,106 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
sepals (4–) 5, distinct, green, occasionally purple-tinged (S. irrigua) or red proximally (S. pallida), lanceolate to ovate-triangular, 2–12 mm, herbaceous
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Ribes watsonianum, Ribes wolfii Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 200. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 94. 1754 ,. Nancy R. Morin Common names: Currant gooseberry Etymology: Arabic
23 KB (1,464 words) - 13:16, 30 July 2020
in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 413. Mentioned on page 12, 16, 402, 417, 421. Perennials, 5–50 (–90) cm, sericeous, tomentose, or glabrous, sometimes
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Nearly worldwide, tropical and temperate regions Genera 17, species ca. 150 (12 genera, 34 species in the flora). A discussion of the status of Cleomaceae
16 KB (756 words) - 12:06, 30 July 2020
aristate, or erose scales (at the 2 principal angles, 1–5 mm) plus 0–8 usually shorter scales (0.2–2 mm). x = 17. North America, Mexico, in the Old World Species
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(glabrate to sparsely, minutely strigose, hairs 0.5–1.5 mm in 2 species, sometimes minutely glandular), lobes 5, erect to spreading, deltate, triangular, or
25 KB (1,511 words) - 21:54, 29 July 2020
the genus Sporobolus (Poaceae, Chloridoideae) in Australia. Austral. J. Bot. 12:375-148 Weakley, A.S. and P.M. Peterson. 1998. Taxonomy of the Sporobolus
22 KB (1,094 words) - 04:32, 30 July 2020
flattened-ellipsoid, sides not prominently veined; beak terminal, straight or curved, 12-110 mm. X = 8. Worldwide, mostly temperate, a few subarctic, subalpine, or tropical
9 KB (493 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
or compound-corymbiform arrays. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric, 3–12+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 4–13 (–15) in 1+ series (± erect in fruit,
13 KB (1,037 words) - 23:55, 29 July 2020
point in Echinochloa colona). > 12 12 Upper florets laterally compressed; spikelets also laterally compressed Melinis 12 Upper florets dorsally compressed;
21 KB (1,188 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
Synonyms: Galarhoeus Haworth Tithymalus Gaertner Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 294. Mentioned on page 239, 240, 295, 300, 304, 308. Herbs
19 KB (827 words) - 18:28, 29 July 2020
than 10 mm, base tapering or rounded, often spongy, apex usually abruptly beaked, pubescent, rarely glabrous; beak straight or bent, 0.5–2.3 mm, bidentate
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15–20 × 7–18 mm; flower tube hairs 3–5 (–10) mm; inner tepals rose-pink with darker-pink to magenta midstripes, proximally darker, 25–35 × 4–12 mm, tips relatively
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(more than 3 cm); leaves: small (less than 1.5 mm), medium (1.5–3 mm), large (3–4 mm), robust (more than 4 mm). None. Anomobryum, Brachymenium, Bryum, Gemmabryum
20 KB (757 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
elliptic to ovate, 3–12 mm, herbaceous, margins translucent to purplish, scarious, apex acute, acuminate, or obtuse, not hooded; petals (4–) 5 or sometimes absent
21 KB (1,044 words) - 10:15, 30 July 2020
to elliptical, planoconvex or flattened, white, yellow, or brown, x = 10, 12. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., Del., D.C, Wis., W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii)
22 KB (1,167 words) - 04:18, 30 July 2020
cross-sections non-kranz. Inflorescences usually spikes or spikelike racemes, with 1-5 sessile or subsessile spikelets per node, occasionally panicles, sometimes
19 KB (1,548 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
to pendent, 1-35 mm. Flowers: petals erect to, rarely, ascending (sometimes tips outcurved), corolla barely open, tubular or tightly 5-gonal (loosely tubular
10 KB (581 words) - 12:54, 30 July 2020
(3–) 5, usually connate at base, sometimes almost to middle or beyond, not imbricate, rounded or keeled abaxially, wings and spines absent; stamens 5 or
19 KB (716 words) - 09:29, 30 July 2020
rupicola, Cardamine umbellata Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 654. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 295. 1754. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, Karol Marhold, Judita Lihová Common names:
23 KB (1,239 words) - 12:23, 30 July 2020
bracteoles usually present. Flowers usually bisexual, rarely unisexual, (0–) 4 or 5 (–7) -merous, actinomorphic; usually epigynous, rarely semiepigynous; hypanthium
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-veined; upper glumes 3-veined; calluses hairy, hairs 0.2-6.5 mm, sparse to abundant; lemmas 3 (5) -veined, smooth or scabrous, apices usually tapering into
24 KB (1,813 words) - 02:43, 30 July 2020
crevices). Involucres funnelform, campanulate, or hemispheric, 5–11 × 3.5–14 mm. Ray-florets 0, or 3–5, or 6–18; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 9–200; corollas
11 KB (583 words) - 23:49, 29 July 2020
reflexed or recurved. Flowers 4–17 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets 5; hypanthium ± cupulate with flattened bases, 1–5.5 mm, less than 1/2 to nearly as deep
16 KB (987 words) - 14:06, 30 July 2020
upper florets, then the florets not very plump at maturity. Spikelets 1-8 mm, usually dorsally compressed, some¬times subterete or laterally compressed
26 KB (1,480 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Stems long-creeping to ascending to erect, 1.5–12 mm or more diam. Blades 1-pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely 2-pinnate,
14 KB (584 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
strictum, Sisyrinchium xerophyllum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 954. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 409. 1754. Anita F. Cholewa, Douglass M. Henderson† Common names: Blue-eyed
23 KB (1,162 words) - 06:04, 30 July 2020
Thalictrum sect. Thalictrum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 545. 175. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 242. 1754. Marilyn M. Park, Dennis Festerling Jr. Common names: Meadow-rue pigamon
17 KB (836 words) - 08:34, 30 July 2020
cross-section, 2–12 mm, base rounded or truncate, apex tapering or abruptly contracted to beak, somewhat glossy, not papillose, glabrous; beak 0.2–6 mm, emarginate
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persistent in fruit, 5, white to blue, yellow, or red, plane, narrowly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, short-clawed, 7-51 mm; petals 5, distinct, white to blue
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staminate or pistillate). Pistillate heads: phyllaries 12–30 (–80+) in 1–8+ series, outer (1–) 5–8 distinct or ± connate, herbaceous, the rest (sometimes
16 KB (728 words) - 23:11, 29 July 2020
baccate, ovoid to globose, fleshy. Seeds 2–40, ellipsoid; testa reticulate. x = 12. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, n South America, Europe
13 KB (607 words) - 12:52, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 62. Mentioned on page 12, 57, 63, 66, 73, 74, 80, 256. Herbs, annuals. Stems erect to ascending or
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Eriogonum sect. Oregonium S. Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 262. 1877 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 413. Mentioned on page 223, 443.
19 KB (884 words) - 10:50, 30 July 2020
(base not articulated). Flowers 7–45 mm diam.; sepals deciduous or persistent, (2–) 4–5; petals deciduous, (3–) 4–5; stamens usually persistent, sometimes
13 KB (445 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
reticulate-veined; calyces 4–12 mm > 5 5 Stems glabrous or sparsely stellate-hairy; plants annual or perennial; bracts ovate to wide-elliptic, 2–5 mm wide; mericarps
21 KB (668 words) - 11:33, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 37. Mentioned on page 10, 12, 39, 43. Plants small to large, in tufts, cushions, or mats, dark green, reddish-brown
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laminal cells usually elongate to linear, 6–15: 1, occasionally 20: 1 or 1.5–5: 1, smooth or strongly prorate in distal ends, walls thin to moderately thick
28 KB (900 words) - 07:47, 30 July 2020
20-250 or more; pistil 3-5 (-7) -carpellate; ovary 1-locular; style short, to 3 mm in fruit; stigma 3-5 (-7) -lobed. Capsules erect, 3-5 (-7) -valved, grooved
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leaf-sheaths, sometimes exserted beyond the sheaths at maturity, with (1) 2-5 (13) rames; rames not reflexed at maturity, axes slender, terete to flattened
14 KB (1,071 words) - 04:25, 30 July 2020
rounded, entire or slightly emarginate; awns straight, arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices. Bromus sect. Bromopsis is sometimes incorrectly called
11 KB (779 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020
Inflorescences axillary, 4–12-flowered, 0.75–2.5 × 1–3 cm. Flowers 5–8 mm diam.; hypanthia campanulate, 2–4 mm; sepals triangular, 1.5–2 mm; petals white, obovate
20 KB (1,036 words) - 14:24, 30 July 2020
at base. Seeds many, elliptic, 2–4 mm, bearing white or yellowish, large, oily, myrmecochorous elaiosome (aril). x = 5.2n = 10 in all American species recorded
30 KB (822 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
× 2–7 mm, glabrous, commonly bearing 1–4 large, shallow depressions due to pressures from adjacent developing seeds; girdle protruding 0.3–3.5 mm, forming
34 KB (1,067 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
androecium epigynous, 4–15 mm diam.; hypanthium funnelform, cupulate, or campanulate, 1.5–5 mm, glabrous or pilose to tomentose; sepals 5, erect, triangular,
31 KB (1,652 words) - 14:31, 30 July 2020
arrays (to 12 cm wide). Peduncles 1–20 mm (bracts usually 0, sometimes 1–5, reduced, scalelike). Involucres obconic to subcylindric, 6–16 × 2–4 mm. Phyllaries
16 KB (1,091 words) - 20:55, 29 July 2020
toothed or lobed, and the corollas are usually yellow, red, or brown. The 12 to 16 species of sect. Trionychon Wallroth (Phelipanche Pomel) are most diverse
22 KB (1,669 words) - 19:24, 29 July 2020
Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer. 1: 534. 1840 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 531. Mentioned on page 497, 498, 515, 525, 534, 535, 536
16 KB (899 words) - 18:19, 29 July 2020
exserted, flattened distally, 0.2–1 mm diam., tip straight, glabrous or distal 5–50 (–60) % hairy, hairs to 2.5 mm; style glabrous. Capsules glabrous.
19 KB (771 words) - 19:16, 29 July 2020
internodes 3.5-12 (15) mm. Spikelets 1/2 - 33/4 times the length of the rachis internodes, usually sessile, sometimes pedicellate, pedicels to 5 mm, appressed
20 KB (1,611 words) - 03:05, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 358. Mentioned on page 12, 39, 331, 360, 426, 427, 433, 440, 443, 444, 548, 564. Plants small to large
14 KB (515 words) - 06:54, 30 July 2020
adnate to ovary, free to 0.5 mm, usually green, rarely purplish; sepals 5, green, sometimes reddish at tips; petals 5 (absent or 1–5 in M. apetala, M. subapetala)
27 KB (988 words) - 13:15, 30 July 2020
below the glumes, spikelets falling intact, bristles persistent. Spikelets 1-5 mm, usually lanceoloid-ellipsoid, rarely globose, turgid, subsessile to short
17 KB (1,129 words) - 04:14, 30 July 2020
exserted, flattened distally, 0.2–1.1 mm diam., tip straight to recurved or coiled, distal (40–) 50–100% hairy, hairs to 4 mm; style glabrous, sometimes proximally
21 KB (880 words) - 19:09, 29 July 2020
nodes. > 12 12 Seeds not tailed. > 12 12 Seeds tailed. > 13 13 Auricles absent or essentially so; anthers 1–1.5 mm Juncus regelii 13 Auricles 1–3 mm, rounded
9 KB (398 words) - 00:55, 30 July 2020
narrowly funnelform or short tubular, 20–120 × (10–) 15–150 mm; flower tube 5–26 [–50] mm (measured from base of innermost tepals to base of nectar chamber);
24 KB (1,147 words) - 09:19, 30 July 2020
rostratum), dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds brown, ± angular, ± ovoid. x = 11, 12. All North American, except for the Eurasian Erythronium dens-canis Linnaeus
18 KB (1,049 words) - 05:39, 30 July 2020
coriaceous at maturity, glabrous or with hairs, (4) 5-15-veined, usually unawned, sometimes awned, awns to 12 mm, straight; paleas from 1/2 as long as to almost
16 KB (1,258 words) - 02:39, 30 July 2020
some species Synonyms: Reverchonia A. Gray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 335. Mentioned on page 328, 329, 334, 336, 339, 342, 344
16 KB (864 words) - 18:14, 29 July 2020
sessile-glandular, sometimes stipitate-glandular larger bracteoles. Flowers (8–) 12–20 mm diam.; hypanthium obconic, densely pubescent, sometimes glabrous; sepals
20 KB (1,294 words) - 13:44, 30 July 2020
sometimes carinate; testa foveolate or reticulate to scalariform [papillose]. x = 12, 9–7, 6 (dihaploid). Nearly worldwide Species ca. 490 (54 in the flora). Shrubs
13 KB (922 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
divide, and anthos, flower, alluding to tepals Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 445. Mentioned on page 216, 217, 219, 220, 291, 439, 444
23 KB (1,142 words) - 10:54, 30 July 2020
unequal, or (with calyculi) 12–25+ in 2–3 series and oblong or lanceolate to linear, subequal; margins ± hyaline, 0.05–2.5 mm, apices obtuse to acute or
16 KB (748 words) - 20:19, 29 July 2020
Involucres turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, 6–16 × 6–30 mm. Phyllaries 25–100 in 3–12 series, appressed, spreading, or reflexed, 1-nerved, lanceolate
11 KB (782 words) - 22:23, 29 July 2020
glabrous (papilliform hairs in P. luteoalbum); pappi readily falling, of 10–12 distinct (coherent basally in Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum and P. stramineum)
17 KB (673 words) - 20:34, 29 July 2020
confluent with cypsela shoulders and wings). x = 7. North America Species 12 (12 in the flora). In keys and descriptions here, “plants scapiform” indicates
10 KB (661 words) - 23:01, 29 July 2020
sepals 2, calyx bilaterally symmetric, spathelike, lobes triangular; petals 5, corolla yellow, yellow-green, purple, pink, or red, strongly bilabiate, club-shaped
10 KB (460 words) - 18:57, 29 July 2020
vein. Seeds 1 or 2 (or 3) per mericarp, glabrous or slightly pubescent. x = 5. w, c North America, Mexico, South America (Argentina), South America (Bolivia)
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flattened laterally, tubular, not accrescent in fruit, lobes triangular; petals 5, corolla white or cream to purple, lilac, violet, brownish purple, or yellow
17 KB (854 words) - 19:26, 29 July 2020
or) 3–5. Pomes yellow to orange and copper to red (1 face often colored most brightly), usually suborbicular, sometimes pyriform or ellipsoid, (5–) 6–12
22 KB (1,233 words) - 13:46, 30 July 2020
vaseyi, Potamogeton zosteriformis Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 126. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 61, 1754. Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Pondweeds potamot
23 KB (1,207 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
(some annuals). Involucres ± cylindric to turbinate, 2–3 (–5+) mm diam. Phyllaries usually 5–12 in 1 series, equal (20–25 in 2–3 series, unequal in S. cichoriacea
15 KB (1,165 words) - 20:25, 29 July 2020
rhamnos, prickly shrubs, such as buckthorn Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 45. Mentioned on page 43, 44, 46, 51, 52, 62, 70. Shrubs
12 KB (452 words) - 18:31, 29 July 2020
thin-walled, not leathery. > 12 11 Spikes pendent, 5–13 mm thick. Carex paleacea 11 Spikes erect, 4–7 mm thick. Carex ramenskii 12 Scales dark purple-brown
16 KB (761 words) - 02:00, 30 July 2020
wrightii, Tradescantia zebrina Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 288. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 139, 1754. Robert B. Faden Common names: Spiderwort wandering-Jew spider-lily éphémères
17 KB (671 words) - 00:52, 30 July 2020
expanded, limb 5-lobed; stamens 3–6, exserted; styles exserted beyond stamens; stigmas capitate. Fruits radially symmetric, with (4–) 5 round or angular
15 KB (526 words) - 09:38, 30 July 2020
laterally, yellowish to black, 0.5–2 mm diam., smooth or with corky ridges, not proliferous. Stems upright, forming caudex to 5 mm thick; gemmae absent or minute
19 KB (579 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
20–40 (–65), styles free exsert (0.5–) 1–2.5 (–4) mm, pilose, stylar orifice 1–3 mm diam., hypanthial disc flat, 2–5 (–10) mm diam. Hips scarlet or red to orange-red
24 KB (1,103 words) - 13:51, 30 July 2020
8–16-ribbed, smooth (papillose-scabridulous in P. plebeium). Leaves: ocrea 4–12-veined (1-veined in P. plebeium), proximal part not pruinose (pruinose in
13 KB (1,076 words) - 10:08, 30 July 2020
in dense or open turfs, red, pink, yellow-green, or brown-green. Stems 0.5–4 (–12) cm, tufted, comose or evenly foliate, freely branching by subfloral innovations;
12 KB (810 words) - 07:37, 30 July 2020
Geoffrey A. Levin Common names: Leafflower Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 328. Mentioned on page 156, 157, 325, 330, 335. Herbs,
13 KB (776 words) - 18:34, 29 July 2020
diffuse to dense, paniculiform arrays. Involucres obconic to ellipsoid, 1–3 (–5+) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 7–15+ in 2–3 (–4+) series, (usually green)
17 KB (791 words) - 22:42, 29 July 2020
Mentioned on page 310. Perennials, 5–10 cm. Leaves: basal 2-pinnate, 3–20 cm, lobes 2–50 × 0.5–2 (–3) mm; cauline 0–12. Heads 1–60 per stem. Peduncles 1–16
8 KB (620 words) - 23:45, 29 July 2020
scalelike. Flowers showy; sepals persistent, leaflike, unequal; petals 5; stamens 5, adnate to petal bases; ovary globose, ovules 3 or 6; style 1; stigmas
16 KB (646 words) - 09:44, 30 July 2020
acute] bracteoles and 25-70 flowers; never susceptible to Puccinia). Species 6-12, traditionally included in Mahonia when that genus is recognized (L. Abrams
16 KB (698 words) - 08:36, 30 July 2020
Agaloma Rafinesque Tithymalopsis Klotzsch & Garcke Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 240. Mentioned on page 239, 317. Herbs or shrubs [trees
16 KB (581 words) - 18:23, 29 July 2020
sparsely to densely hairy; pappi persistent, of 5–12 entire or ± lacerate, sometimes aristate scales. x = 17. North America, Mexico, West Indies (Cuba), Central
13 KB (702 words) - 15:32, 15 December 2020
1-50-flowered cymes. Flowers pedicellate; sepals deciduous soon after anthesis, 5 (sometimes 6 in R. occidentalis var. hexasepalus); petals always present, yellow
12 KB (516 words) - 08:37, 30 July 2020
acuminatus 11 Plants rhizomatous; tepals lance-subulate. > 12 12 Capsules included Juncus brachycarpus 12 Capsule exserted to slightly included. > 13 13 Capsules
13 KB (391 words) - 01:01, 30 July 2020
occasionally pubescent, rarely warty-tuberculate, 3-5-veined, veins not convergent, sometimes excurrent as 2-5 teeth, apices acute to obtuse or truncate, sometimes
31 KB (1,893 words) - 03:29, 30 July 2020
abaxially glanddotted; styles 3–7 mm, branches 1–2.2 mm, proximal 2/3–4/5 stigmatic, apices acute to rounded. Cypselae (3–) 3.5–7.5 mm; pappi usually coroniform
12 KB (678 words) - 23:55, 29 July 2020
rachises usually terete, with (1) 5-many fascicles; fascicle axes 0.2-7.5 (28) mm, with (1) 3-130+ bristles and 1-12 spikelets. Bristles free or fused
18 KB (1,301 words) - 04:12, 30 July 2020
1–50, brown or black, smooth or minutely sculpted, estrophiolate. x = 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. w North America (including Mexico) Species 16 (16 in the flora)
13 KB (537 words) - 09:45, 30 July 2020
in sexuality and shape, sometimes missing. x = usually 9 or 10, or possibly 5 with 9 and 10 reflecting ancient polyploidy. The tribe Andropogoneae includes
31 KB (2,561 words) - 04:21, 30 July 2020
singly. Involucres cylindric to campanulate or hemispheric, 3–9 mm diam. Phyllaries 20–40 in 2–5 series (mid usually green, sometimes red or purple), 1-nerved
19 KB (1,032 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
recurved, terete or weakly quadrangular, with free tips; floral-tube 12–165 (–190) mm; sepals separating in pairs and reflexed, or splitting along only 1
10 KB (907 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
maroon or green, usually shorter than sepals; stamens (3–) 5–15 (–25); carpels 3; style 0–0.5 mm; stigmas 3, dark red, fimbriate-plumose, sometimes persistent
11 KB (511 words) - 11:39, 30 July 2020
Greene Polygonum sect. Monticola J. C. Hickman Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 561. Mentioned on page 535, 547, 548. Shrubs, subshrubs
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with prominent midvein, glabrous; replum rounded; septum complete; ovules 12–128 per ovary; style distinct, (often cylindrical, rarely subclavate or subconical);
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15–50 × 4–12 mm, margins entire or fimbriate; ovary scaly, spineless; stigma lobes 5–12, pink, green, yellow, or creamy white, 1.5–3.5 mm. Fruits dehiscent
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center; staminal column included or exserted; ovules 3 (–6) per carpel; style 5–25-branched; stigmas sometimes black, capitate. Fruits schizocarps, erect,
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or ± fusiform, usually 5-ribbed, scabrellous and/or glanddotted; pappi usually persistent, sometimes fragile, rarely falling, of 5–40, barbellulate bristles
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Coronopus, and Stroganowia are united with Lepidium (Brassicaceae). Novon 12: 5–11. Bowman, J. L., H. Brüggemann, J.-Y. Lee, and K. Mummenhoff. 1999. Evolutionary
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amplexicaul > 12 12 Stems ascending, decumbent, or prostrate, few to several from base; sepals 0.8-1.8 mm; petals 0.5-1.8 mm. Rorippa curvipes 12 Stems erect
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long-stipitate-glandular); sepals 5 (6 in H. eastwoodiae), green, white, cream, yellow, pink, purple, or red, often green or red tinged; petals (1–) 5 (–6 in H. eastwoodiae)
26 KB (1,593 words) - 12:56, 30 July 2020
subcordate. Flowers usually opening at sunrise, rarely at sunset; floral-tube 0.4–9 mm; petals usually bright-yellow, rarely white or cream, usually with red dots
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margins fringed with blunt, curved hairs in L. chrysantha); pappi 0, or of 1–12 erose, fimbriate, or laciniate, truncate or aristate scales (sometimes 2 kinds
11 KB (916 words) - 23:52, 29 July 2020
nectary extrastaminal, [4–] 5 glands; stamens [4–] (7–) 10 [–12] in [1–] 2 whorls, connate proximally forming androphore; staminodes 0–5, at apex of androphore;
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to dark-brown or black, angled, rarely ± rounded, 1–4 mm. w United States, n Mexico Species 16 (12 in the flora). D. D. Keck (1937b) circumscribed sect
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Flowers 3–25 mm diam. (smallest ones with erect petals); epicalyx bractlets 5; hypanthium shallowly cupulate, 0.5–3 × 2.5–7 mm; sepals 5, spreading to
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circular, oblanceolate, narrowly oblong, oblong, or broadly obovate, 0.8–5.5 times as long as wide, angle of base and of apex usually less than or greater
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Nunavut; Alaska, Washington > 12 12 Plants 15–70 cm; leaves palmately 3-lobed to 2-ternately lobed. Artemisia alaskana 12 Plants (5–)10–40 cm; leaves 1–3-palmately
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6–8 mm; pistillate 6–8 mm. Phyllaries distally red to pink, light-brown, or white. Corollas: staminate 3–4.5 mm; pistillate 5–6 mm. Cypselae 2–2.5 mm,
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distinct), corolla deciduous, rotate to campanulate or funnelform; stamens 5–12 [–20], included to long-exserted; (filaments usually unequal, usually unicellular-hairy
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flattened, coat with crust with longitudinal surface striations. x = 6, 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, or 24. w North America including Mexico (Baja California) Species
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9–4 (–5.2) × 0.6–3.5 (–7.5) cm; outer tepal margins entire or fringed; inner tepals yellow, white, rose-pink, magenta, or maroon, 4–30 × 1.5–8.5 mm; ovary
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oblong or ovate to obovate, 3.5-40 mm; petals usually absent (present in A. patens), distinct, plane, obovate to elliptic, 1.5-2 mm; nectary present; stamens
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turbinate, or campanulate to saucerlike, 5–20+ [–30+] mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 9–30 [–50+] in 1–4 [–5+] series (orbiculate, ovate, or oblong to
12 KB (721 words) - 23:07, 29 July 2020
1-50-flowered cymes. Flowers pedicellate; sepals deciduous soon after anthesis, 5; petals yellow (rarely absent in R. pedatifidus); nectary scale joined with
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appendages lanceolate. Cypselae cylindro-obconic to fusiform, ± compressed, 7–12 (–18) -nerved, faces glabrous or sparsely to densely strigillose, eglandular;
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faintly to prominently rugose or with transverse wavy ridges, 2.5–3.5 mm including 0.1–2 mm beak. Worldwide Species ca. 77 (17 in the flora). The species
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sepals 5 (–9), green or whitish to pinkish, calyx deeply lobed, lobes usually lanceolate, ovate, or deltate, longer than tube; petals absent or 5 (–9),
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or salverform, constricted distal to ovary, abruptly expanded to 5-lobed limb; stamens 5–9, included; styles included; stigmas linear. Fruits winged or not
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acutely angled, apex tapering, often abruptly beaked, glabrous; beak 0.3–3 mm, with abaxial suture, bidentate. Stigmas 2. Achenes biconvex, smaller than
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subg. Iris, Iris subg. Limniris Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 38. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 24. 1754. Norlan C. Henderson Etymology: Greek iris, rainbow Treatment appears
20 KB (1,129 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
in 1–12 (–24) whorls with some scattered at stem base and apex, 3–20 (–40) leaves per whorl, sessile, drooping at tips to ascending, 1.7–29 × 0.2–5.6 cm
37 KB (2,628 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
×curtissii, Asplenium ×heteroresiliens Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 1078. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 485, 1754. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Robbin C. Moran, Charles R. Werth Common
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1; ovule 1; style 0.1–1 mm, or absent; stigmas 2–3 (–5), slender. Staminate flowers: tepals 3–5, equal or subequal; stamens 3–5, filaments distinct, anthers
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embryo vertical, oblique, or horizontal; endosperm present or absent. x = 12. United States, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Africa
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not falling with cypselae except in C. bigelovii). Ray-florets mostly (5–) 8 (–12+, more in “double” cultivars), neuter, or styliferous and sterile, or
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treculeana, Yucca utahensis Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 319. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 150. 1754. William J. Hess, R. Laurie Robbins Common names: Spanish-bayonet
17 KB (687 words) - 06:11, 30 July 2020
10–25+ cm diam. Involucres ± campanulate to obconic or hemispheric, 3–8 (–11+) mm diam. Phyllaries 18–70+ in 4–7+ series, the outer ovate to lanceolate or subulate
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lemmas, 1-veined, obtuse or acute, often erose; lower glumes 0.3-4.5 mm; upper glumes 0.6-7 mm; calluses glabrous; lemmas membranous to thinly coriaceous, rounded
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persistent, usually of awns, bristles, or scales, sometimes coroniform. x = 12. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Pacific
14 KB (1,174 words) - 23:30, 29 July 2020
appressed to divergent, scalelike to subulate, free portion to ca. 10 mm (to ca. 15 mm in Juniperus communis); abaxial gland visible or not, elongate to hemispheric
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spikelets 50–500; involucral-bracts usually 3, leaflike. Spikelets less than 3.5 (–5) mm diam.; scales 10–50, spirally arranged, each scale subtending flower, glabrous
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(base not articulated). Flowers 3–15 mm diam.; sepals persistent, (4–) 5; petals persistent, (4–) 5; stamens persistent, (5–) 10–80, usually in continuous or
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2–many roundish bundles, or bundles 2 and lunate. Blade simple to commonly 1–5-pinnate or more divided, leaf buds absent or present. Veins pinnate or parallel
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to dense tufts, yellowish green to dark green, dull or shiny. Stems (0.5–) 2–12 (–18) cm, erect, simple or forked, densely tomentose with white or reddish-brown
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occasionally shortly rostrate, occasionally not differentiated, 0.5–2.5 mm. Calyptra cucullate, 2.5–6 mm, smooth. Spores 13–30 (–50) µm, papillose, rarely densely
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very slightly connate basally, pubescent or glabrous; wings deciduous, 2.5–12.5 mm, glabrous or pubescent; keel usually beaked with unlobed projection, beak
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argillicola), narrowly lanceoloid or ovoid, bluntly 4-angled, (3–) 4–8 [–12] mm diam. Seeds in 2 rows per locule, dark-brown to almost black, prismatic
15 KB (1,325 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
Siphonychia Torrey & A. Gray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 30. Mentioned on page 4, 5, 29, 31, 37. Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial,
21 KB (1,113 words) - 10:32, 30 July 2020
perforated (membranous, not veined or with 1–3 longitudinal veins); ovules 5–100 per ovary; style usually absent, rarely distinct; stigma capitate. Seeds
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moderately laterally compressed, with 4-30 florets. Lower glumes 3-5-veined; upper glumes 5-9-veined; lemmas elliptic, lanceolate, obovate, or rhombic, rounded
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Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium 2–7 mm diam.; petals pale to dark yellow, mostly ± obcordate (to orbiculate in P. elegans), (2–) 3–10 (–12) mm, usually longer
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(–10) mm; sepals persistent, glabrous (pubescent in P. alba and P. vulgaris), margins entire, sometimes ciliate or ciliolate; wings persistent, 1–9 mm, glabrous
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stigma capitate, clavate, linear, 2-lobed, or emarginate. Fruits capsules, 9–12 mm, dehiscence poricidal, each loculus wall later splitting into valves. Seeds
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node, central spikelets usually sessile, sometimes pedicellate, pedicels to 2 mm, lateral spikelets usually pedicellate, pedicels curved or straight, sometimes
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subscapose or leafy-stemmed, 1–12 dm, glabrous or hairy; from stout caudices or rhizomatous, fibrous-rooted. Stems 1–5, erect, simple. Leaves winter-persistent
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Kalkman]), 5–80 mm diam.; hypanthium 3–10 mm diam., glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent, eglandular or sparsely to densely glandular; sepals 5, erect
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3–4.5 mm wide; perigynia 2–2.5 mm; beak 0.2–0.25 mm. Carex stevenii 30 Spikes oblong or elongate, 5–6 mm wide; perigynia 2.5–3.5 mm; beak 0.3–0.5 mm. Carex
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of Digitaria section Digitaria in North America (Poaceae: Paniceae). Sida 12:209-222 Webster, R.D. and S.L. Hatch. 1990. Taxonomy of Digitaria section
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solitary, spikelike branches, exceeding the upper leaves; branches 4-50 (75) mm, not woody, 1-sided, usually racemose on elongate rachises, sometimes digitate
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petals. Spiranthes diluvialis 12 Inflorescences with 5 or more flowers per cycle of spiral; spiral usually open and obvious. > 13 12 Inflorescences with 3 or
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irregularly bristly, the teeth or setae 0.1–2+ mm), epaleate. Ray-florets 0 (in X. grindelioides and 2 Mexican taxa) or 12–60+, pistillate, fertile; corollas white
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differs from C. diffusa in having smaller involucres (6–7 mm versus 7–10 mm; 3.5 mm versus 4–5 mm diameter), and purple versus pink flowers). Examination
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Involucres subhemispheric, hemispheric, globoid, campanulate, or urceolate, (2.5–) 6–32 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent (or inner falling), usually (6–) 16–30 (–40)
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androecium epigynous, 10–55 mm diam.; hypanthium campanulate or funnelform to saucer-shaped, 3–9 mm diam., hairy or glabrous; sepals 5, erect to reflexed, triangular
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usually turbinate, obconic, or cylindric, sometimes hemispheric, (5–15 ×) 1.5–15 mm. Phyllaries 12–60+ in (2–) 3–7 series (in vertical ranks or spirals, tan,
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The genus Eriochloa (Poaceae: Paniceae) in North and Central America. Sida 12:165-207. Eriochloa acuminata, Eriochloa aristata, Eriochloa contracta, Eriochloa
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Candolle Rhamnus subg. Frangula (Miller) Gray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 52. Mentioned on page 44. Shrubs or trees, unarmed; bud-scales
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2 lateral-veins more prominent than midvein, widest blades not more than 6 mm, glabrous or sheaths hispidulous. Inflorescences racemose, with (1–) 3–6 spikes;
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sometimes 0 or coroniform (crowns of ± linear, sometimes fimbriate scales). x = 12 or 13. w United States, nw Mexico Species 21 (16 in the flora). Deinandra
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per side, obscure to evident and sinuses shallow to deep, veins (3 or) 4–9 (–12) per side, absent to sinuses. Inflorescences: branches glabrous or pubescent;
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entire. Scape 0.5–25 dm. Inflorescences paniculate, rarely racemose, 3–18 dm; bracts caducous or occasionally persistent. Flowers 2–5 per node, functionally
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obovate, ovate, lanceolate, or elliptic, planoconvex in cross-section, 1.5–4 mm, base rounded or truncate, with spongy tissue, margins rounded or acutely
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 49. Mentioned on page 5, 11, 12. Herbs, perennial, submersed, amphibious, or terrestrial. Stems creeping
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fringed. > 12 11 Flowers white; lip 10–15 mm. Platanthera integrilabia 11 Flowers yellow to orange; lip less than 6 mm. Platanthera integra 12 Rostellum
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scoparium 7 Petals 6–12 mm; stems 30–80 cm, erect; capsules 3.5–4.3 mm > 8 8 Stems glabrate to sparsely stellate-pubescent; leaves and inflorescences stellate-pannose;
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terete “cones” supporting beaks [without cones]), beaked [beakless], ribs 4–12 (–15), faces muricate (at least distally) [nearly smooth], glabrous; pappi
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narrowly lanceolate to ovatelanceolate [rarely linear-lanceolate], 0.6–3.5 mm; base decurrent or not; margins plane (strongly revolute in P. cardotii and
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alike or pappi of outer cypselae shorter, rarely 0). x = 12. s United States, Mexico Species 12 (10 in the flora). Circumscriptions of species adopted here
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species resembling Urtica (though not stinging) Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 162. Mentioned on page 157, 160, 163. Herb or shrubs [trees]
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Disc-florets 5–20; corollas 8–12.5 mm. Cypselae tan, narrowly ellipsoid to subturbinate, 3–8 mm, sericeous; pappi off-white to brown, 3.3–7.5 mm. 2n = 18.
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simple, not tomentose or with dense reddish or whitish tomentum. Leaves 3–12 mm, erect-patent or appressed foliate, narrowly lanceolate, ending in a smooth
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Selaginella rupestris in the southeastern United States. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20(5): 159--172. Tryon, R. M. 1955. Selaginella rupestris and its allies. Ann. Missouri
17 KB (719 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
Gray Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 521. 1865 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 395. Mentioned on page 371, 372, 396, 397, 399. Herbs,
15 KB (1,021 words) - 18:23, 29 July 2020
fanlike, branches 3–10 (–22) cm, third internode 2–15 (–23) × 1–3.5 (–5) mm, dominant shoot 1–6 mm diam. at base. Staminate pedicels absent. Staminate flowers
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covered with pale white or gray, thin, dull, fleshy to chartaceous pellicle. x = 12. North America, Central America, South America Species 25–30 (16 in the flora)
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beakless, glabrous or pubescent; beak 0.5–3 mm, ca. 1/2 length of body, orifice entire to bidentate, teeth to 1 mm. Stigmas 3. Achenes trigonous, smaller
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linear if, 1 cm below the spike, they are 1 mm or more wide, or as filiform if, at that level, they are less than 1 mm wide. Petal color is assumed to be yellow
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(rarely pinkish), 0.5–8 mm. Fruits indehiscent, green or red, spheric, ellipsoid, ovoid to narrowly fusiform, or obovoid, 1.5–50 × 1.5–20 mm, usually juicy
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2–40 (–50) × 0.3–5.5 cm, usually glabrous, tuberculate; areoles elliptic, circular, ovate, obovate, or obdeltate to rhombic, 0.7–5 mm diam.; wool white
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3–2.5 (–3) mm, tomentose, floccose, subglabrous, or glabrous; teeth 5, erect, (0.3–) 0.5–1 (–1.7) mm. Flowers 1.5–3 (–4) mm; perianth yellow or white to
15 KB (1,118 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
keeled, distant to tightly imbricate, not conspicuously pubescent, with (2) 3-12 (20) bisexual florets; rachillas rarely prolonged. Glumes usually unequal
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5-merous; hypanthium (3–) 3.5–6 (–8) mm diam.; petals bright-yellow, ± obcordate, (3–) 4–10 (–12) mm, usually longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens ca. 20;
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obovate to obcuneate, with satin sheen from microscopic linear grooves; stamens 12-many; pistil 2-carpellate; ovary 1-locular; style absent; stigmas 4-8, spreading
9 KB (321 words) - 08:45, 30 July 2020
sometimes glanddotted; styles 3–5+ mm, branches 1–1.8 mm, proximal 1/2–4/5 stigmatic, apices acute to rounded. Cypselae 1.5–3.5 (–4) mm; pappi usually coroniform
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projection; stamens 5 [8], usually alternate with petals, borne on short-to-elongate androgynophore; anthers dorsifixed, versatile; ovary 3 [–5] -carpellate,
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United States Species 12 (12 in the flora). Members of ser. Intricatae are among the most characteristic hawthorns of the Appalachian foothills and valleys
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articulation swollen or not; perianth campanulate; tepals 4–5, connate 1/4–2/3 their length; stamens 5–8; styles deciduous, 2–3, included or exserted (exserted
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Sagittaria subulata, Sagittaria teres Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 993. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 429, 1754. Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Sagittaire Etymology:
14 KB (539 words) - 00:58, 30 July 2020
Densmore and J. C. Zasada 1983) and some members of sect. Salicaster (see 12. S. serissima) are able to survive through the winter and germinate in the
35 KB (4,327 words) - 12:03, 30 July 2020
midvein; nectary encircling base of ovary or absent; stamens (2–) 4–6 (–12), usually 6 or 12, in 1 or 2 whorls, complementing style lengths; ovary 2-locular;
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urceolate, ± 5-angled, weakly keeled or not keeled, glabrous, pilose, or puberulent, lobes not reflexed, length 0.5–1 times tube; petals 5, lavender, magenta
25 KB (2,084 words) - 13:06, 30 July 2020
differentiated from it. > 12 12 Stem scales strongly bicolored, or if concolored, then largest ultimate segments more than 4 mm wide. Pellaea 12 Stem scales concolored
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Arabis patens, Arabis pycnocarpa Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 664. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 298. 1754. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Common names: Rockcress Etymology: Latin Arabia
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Flowers 2–12 per cluster, erect, urceolate, 2.3–4.3 cm; perianth yellow, tube campanulate, 1–4 × 6.5–11.5 mm, limb lobes connivent, erect, subequal, 7–12 mm;
7 KB (560 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
1.3 mm, caruncle absent. Luzula subcapitata 4 Seeds 0.8–1.5 mm, with caruncle. > 5 5 Seeds 0.8 mm, caruncle 0.2 mm Luzula orestera 5 Seeds 0.9–1.5 mm,
7 KB (466 words) - 00:51, 30 July 2020
suffrutescens, Erysimum teretifolium Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 660. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 296. 1754. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Common names: Wallflower Etymology: Greek eryso
17 KB (1,002 words) - 12:29, 30 July 2020
330. 1936. Michael J. Warnock Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Roots 3-8 (-12) -branched at least 1 cm from stem attachment, (4-) 10-30 (-40) cm, fibrous
8 KB (562 words) - 08:23, 30 July 2020
rooting at nodes, lateral to persistent basal rosettes, 0.2–2.5 (–4.5) dm, lengths 1.5–5 times basal leaves. Leaves: basal rarely 2-ranked; cauline 0–2
21 KB (1,382 words) - 14:01, 30 July 2020
absent; distal laminal cells smooth > 13 12 Leaf acumina not differentiated; apices acute or blunt. Hygrohypnum 12 Leaf acumina usually clearly differentiated;
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brown, disc or boatshaped (S. cordata, S. reniformis), wings absent. × = 12. North America, n Mexico Species 19 (19 in the flora). Plants of Synthyris
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clusters. Involucres hemispheric to campanulate, 3–5 (–12) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, (8–) 12–20+ in 2–3+ series, mostly obovate, unequal to subequal
9 KB (565 words) - 20:44, 29 July 2020
short-pedunculate). Involucres cylindric to turbinate or campanulate, (5–20 ×) 3–12 mm. Phyllaries 20–60 in 5–9 series, recurved or erect, 1-nerved (keeled), oblong,
11 KB (801 words) - 20:56, 29 July 2020
ebracteate peduncles). Involucres campanulate to hemispheric, 7–20 × 12–40 (–48) mm. Phyllaries 25–45 in 3–6 series, 1-nerved (keeled), narrowly lanceolate
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twisting of deep furrows on stems of some species Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 73. Mentioned on page 43, 44, 74. Shrubs or trees, unarmed
9 KB (403 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
aromatic, often strongly so. Stems decumbent or ascending to erect, (0.5–) 1–10 (–12) dm. Basal leaves usually planar, sometimes ± cylindric; stipules usually
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per 5 cm, open, ± pyramidal, usually at least 3 times longer than wide, spurs rarely intersecting rachis; pedicel spreading, usually more than 1.5 cm,
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not more than 2 mm wide. Inflorescences simple or compound anthelae, rarely capitate; spikelets 1–80+, rarely single; involucral-bracts 2–5, spreading or
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short; bracteoles present or absent, sepal-like. Flowers bisexual; sepals 5, distinct or proximally connate, calyx ± bilaterally symmetric, campanulate
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Bruch and W. P. Schimper in P. Bruch and W. P. Schimper, Bryol. Europ. 6: 5, plates 535 – 555. 1853. Michael S. Ignatov Etymology: Greek brachys, short
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tragos, goat, bock being the German equivalent Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 184. Mentioned on page 157, 158, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190
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or 2–5 (–8+) in ± corymbiform to racemiform arrays. Involucres hemispheric to campanulate or turbinate, 12–60+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 12–36 (–48)
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depauperate individuals). Involucres narrowly to broadly campanulate, 2.5–5 mm. Phyllaries in 3–7 series, unequal, mostly brownish to stramineous, sometimes
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monoecious), 10–90 (–100) mm diam.; hypanthium 2–5 (–10) mm, glabrous, puberulent, tomentose, or setose, eglandular or glandular; sepals 5, erect or spreading
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sometimes roughened. Involucres cylindric, 5–8 mm diam. (apices truncate, narrow or spreading). Phyllaries 5–12 in ± 1 series, grayish green, ± linear, equal
9 KB (559 words) - 20:28, 29 July 2020
usually of 2–3 sclerified awns plus (0–) 7–12 shorter bristles or scales in 1 series. x = 9. North America Species 5 (5 in the flora). Morgan, J. T. 1966. A
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had the bad reputation of poisoning cattle Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 122. Mentioned on page 112, 119. Shrubs, trees, or vines
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cross-section, 2.5–8 × 1.2–3.5 mm, 2–2.5 times as long as wide, dull, base rounded, apex tapering to beak, glabrous or pubescent; beak straight, 0.2–2 mm, emarginate
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branches; branches 0.5-4 (5) cm, terete to angled, smooth or sparsely to densely scabrous. Spikelets (3) 4-10 (12) mm, lengths to 3.5 times widths, lanceolate
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ovary to 0.5 mm, green or pink to purple, (0.1–4 mm); sepals 5, green, sometimes reddish at tips, sometimes ± purple; petals absent or (1–) 5, white, cream
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East Asia and Cordilleran North America and Central America Species ca. 45 (12 in the flora). None. Cypripedium acaule, Cypripedium arietinum, Cypripedium
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15.5–21.5 × 10–15 mm, flowering branchlet 0.5–4 mm; pistillate loosely to moderately densely flowered, 15–37 × 9–20, flowering branchlet 2.5–7 mm; floral
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18–48 × 5–13 mm, flowering branchlet 3–15 mm; pistillate moderately densely flowered, slender or stout, 22–58 × 4–9 mm, flowering branchlet 4–12 mm; floral
11 KB (798 words) - 12:15, 30 July 2020
tremuloides, Populus trichocarpa Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 1034. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 456. 1754. James E. Eckenwalder Etymology: Latin populus, the people, many
32 KB (2,739 words) - 12:04, 30 July 2020
black or gray, irregularly or obliquely obovoid or pyriform, 1.5–5 × 1–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, papillate, sometimes also rugose, shiny; testa cells convex. x
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usually dioicous, occasionally monoicous. Capsule equal to or less than 2 mm, with few-to-many pseudostomata. Spores typically less than 30 µm, coarsely
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keeled, channeled, glabrous, margins entire. Scape erect, cylindrical, 1–5 mm diam., rigid. Inflorescences umbellate, open, bracteate; bracts green (purplish
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mostly 6–20+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 5–23 in (1–) 2 series. Receptacles convex, smooth or pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 0, or 5–22, pistillate
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appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 424. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 89, 425, 438. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 15–250+ cm
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sometimes in 1–2 whorls; carpels 6–12 (–30), distinct or connate at least proximally; if connate, ovary 6–12-loculed; style and stigma 1 per carpel. Fruits
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Coreopsis, Cosmos, Dicranocarpus, Heterosperma, Thelesperma Lessing Linnaea 5: 153. 1830. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Synonyms:
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widest leaf-blades 5+ mm, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose, with 3–6 spikes; proximal nonbasal bracts leaflike, long-sheathing, more than 4 mm, longer than
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to stem leaves 1.2–1.5 mm and stems usually 1–2 cm and slender (related to the leaf size); ‘medium’ refers to stem leaves 1.5–3 mm and stems 2–4 cm; ‘large’
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7–1.5 cm × 5–10 mm. > 8 4 Corona 6 cm or wider. Hymenocallis rotata 4 Corona rarely wider than 6 cm. > 5 5 Tepals yellow-green to pale green. > 6 5 Tepals
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elsewhere in Africa (Tunisia), Pacific Islands, Australia Species 300–360 (12 in the flora). Chromosome counts of 2n = 18, 26, 30, 32, 34, 36, 40, 44, 45
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Involucres fusiform, ovoid, globose, or campanulate, 3–30 mm diam. Phyllaries 5–40 in 3–5 series, unequal (outer usually shorter, ± deltate, inner ± lanceolate)
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nearly naked to leafy-bracteate). Involucres campanulate, (5–12 ×) 5.5–14 mm. Phyllaries 30–55 in 3–5 series, 1-nerved, (weakly to strongly keeled proximally
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Receptacles 2.5–5 mm diam. Ray-florets pistillate and fertile, or sterile or 0 (in var. shastensis); laminae white, blue, or purple, 6–12 × 1–3 mm. Disc-florets:
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reticulodromous). Inflorescences axillary fascicles, panicles, or racemes, (2–) 5–8 (–12) -flowered, sometimes flowers solitary, (produced just before flowering)
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caducous, pistillate petals caducous or absent; stamens usually 4 or 8, sometimes 5–7 in bisexual flowers; ovary 4-locular. Fruit a schizocarp, light green, tan
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(pyrenes) 10, ellipsoid; testa stony, papillose (smooth in G. ursina). x = 12. e North America, South America (c), South America (n Andes), South America
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ovate, to spatulate, sometimes oblong-triangular, 1.5–12 (–17) × 0.5–4 (–6) cm, 1–5 mm thick, base 0.5–3 cm wide, apex acute to acuminate or cuspidate or
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immature, bright red at maturity, usually lobed, 4–12 mm wide, pulp thin. Seeds 1–12, globose, 3–6 mm diam.; testa pale-brown, thin; endosperm scaly. x
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length of filament, longer than 1 mm; capsule usually nearly equal to perianth Juncus gerardii 12 Capsules 3-locular. > 13 12 Capsules 3-locular or pseudo-3-locular
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hypanthium hemispheric, 1–1.5 mm wide; sepals 5, spreading, greenish abaxially, yellowish adaxially, deltate, keeled adaxially; petals 0 (5, yellow, hooded, spatulate
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fabled origin on slopes of Mount Parnassus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 113. Mentioned on page 111, 112, 114. Herbs, perennial
10 KB (406 words) - 18:17, 29 July 2020
Inflorescences (5–) 12–30-flowered; bracteoles caducous, membranous, margins sessile or stipitate-glandular. Flowers (12–) 13–19 (–22) mm diam.; sepal margins
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Inflorescences dichasial cymes, forming glomes (clusters of flowers) of 1–12 flowers, usually arrayed in compound spikes or sometimes racemes; each glome
12 KB (865 words) - 09:39, 30 July 2020
shorter than, equaling, or overtopping culms, plane, keeled, or revolute, 0.5–9 mm wide, stiff, with prominent midvein, glabrous, scabrous, or pubescent. Inflorescences
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Cypselae 2–5 mm; pappi usually of 6–12 ovate or cuneate to lanceolate or lance-linear (often unequal), erose or lacerate scales 0.3–2 mm, sometimes coroniform
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auricles absent; ligules 0.6-6.5 mm, truncate to acute, membranous, puberulent or glabrous, entire to lacerate; blades 0.7-12 mm wide, flat or involute, glabrous
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or equal to stipes; styles 0.1-1.2 mm; stipes 0.2-4 mm; ovules 8-30 per ovary; capsules 3.5-12 mm; stamens 2-10 > 5 2 Branches yellowish, yellow-green
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to linear, subterete or angled, apices truncate, not beaked, faces finely 5–12-ribbed, usually glabrous; pappi persistent, of 30–50, dull white to yellow
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(2–) 5-locular, (glabrous, stipitate-glandular in K. buxifolia); styles included, (straight or bent); stigma (5-lobed), capitate. Fruits capsular, (5-valved)
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probably wet and non-papillate. Fruit a capsule, contorted or curled 1 to 5 times, or straight, narrowly cylindrical and thickened proximally, 4-angled
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lanuginose, stipitate-glandular, or glabrescent, not farinose. Stems mostly 1–5 (–12), usually erect to ascending; branches proximal and/or distal. Leaves: largest
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cylindric, oblong. Seeds 12–65, globose or subglobose, not arillate, (cleft fused between ends). x = 10. North America, Mexico Species 5 (5 in the flora). Iltis
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spinescens, Glossopetalon texense A. Gray Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 29, plate 12, fig. B. 1853. Charles T. Mason Jr.†, George Yatskievych Common names:
11 KB (671 words) - 13:52, 30 July 2020
much longer than distal. Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium 2.5–6 mm diam.; petals yellow, ± obcordate, (2.5–) 3.5–7 (–9) mm, longer than sepals, apex usually
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half-unfolded; petiole (5–) 10–15 (–25) mm; blade elliptic or oval to oblong or obovate, (24–) 34–48 (–67) × (12–) 18–27 (–42) mm, base subcordate, rounded
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Sexual condition mostly dioicous or occasionally monoicous. Capsule less than 2 mm, with few pseudostomata. Spores usually more than 30 µm, rarely with raised
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arrays. Calyculi 0. Involucres hemispheric to rotate. Phyllaries persistent, (5–) 15–30+ in 1–3 series (distinct, elliptic, lanceolate, linear, ovate, or triangular
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elliptic or ovate, 2.5–5.5 mm, (median pair thickened apically, cucullate); petals (yellow to orange-yellow), obovate to cuneate, 4–7 mm, (apex sometimes retuse)
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or stout, 9.5–18.5 × 5–12 mm, flowering branchlet 1–9 mm; pistillate: (3–) 4–7–15 flowers, stout, subglobose, or globose, 13–35 × 6–17 mm, flowering branchlet
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glandular-hairy. Leaves: petiole 6–12 mm; blade bright green or glaucous, shiny or dull, widely ovate or oblong-ovate to obovate, 2–5 × 1–3.5 cm, base rounded to ±
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inrolled) when dry, erect-patent to spreading when moist, (1.5–) 2–8 (–12) mm, 0.5–1.2 mm wide at mid-limb; cells of the sheath lamina longer and narrower
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mucronate, awns to 37 mm, lemma apices truncate or obtuse, entire or bilobed, lobes, when present, sometimes awn-tipped, awns to 0.6 mm; paleas shorter than
21 KB (1,159 words) - 04:42, 30 July 2020
forming differentiated utricle or syrinx; vestigial petals absent; stamens 12, distinct; filaments shorter than pollen-sacs; terminal appendage of anther
9 KB (474 words) - 08:38, 30 July 2020
Equisetum subg. Hippochaete Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 1061. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 484, 1754. Richard L. Hauke Common names: Horsetail scouring rush prêle Etymology:
11 KB (523 words) - 00:32, 30 July 2020
Grout. 1928–1940. Moss Flora of North America, North of Mexico. 3 vols. in 12 parts. Newfane, Vt. and New York. Vol. 1, pp. 185–190. Williams, R. S. 1913b
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(2–) 5–16 (–56) mm, margins serrate to crenate, apices acute to obtuse, glabrous; mid and distal sessile, similar, blades lanceolate to linear, 12–45 ×
11 KB (956 words) - 21:32, 29 July 2020
(on relatively long peduncles). Involucres crateriform to hemispheric, 12–40 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 15–50 in 2–4 series (spreading, recurved,
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sometimes recurved or spreading, nonaccrescent; pyrenes (2 or) 3–5. se United States Species 12 (12 in the flora). Series Apricae is essentially southern Appalachian
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America Association Plants 12–73 (–100) cm. Stems swollen at base (rarely attenuate), 2–12 mm diam. distal to leaves; bracts (4–) 12–37. Leaves prostrate; blade
7 KB (575 words) - 05:26, 30 July 2020
but smaller. Fruits erect. Seeds rectangular to crescent-shaped, 1.5-3.5 × 1.2-2.5 mm, not ringed at proximal end, wing-margined or not; seed-coats ± with
9 KB (653 words) - 08:27, 30 July 2020
bractlets 4; hypanthium urceolate, 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent; sepals 4, usually erect to spreading, rarely reflexed (A. glomerulans)
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mostly campanulate, cupulate, cylindric, hemispheric, or turbinate, 3–10 (–12) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent or falling, in 3–6+ series, mostly ovate to
14 KB (712 words) - 20:43, 29 July 2020
bluish violet, each 3–9-veined, 12–35 × 1.5–8 mm; anthers usually yellow, sometimes bluish violet, violet, or brown, 2.5–7 mm; fruiting pedicel mostly incurving-erect
7 KB (506 words) - 05:59, 30 July 2020
obconic or urceolate, 3–8+ mm diam. (subtended by calyculi of 5–12+ usually spine-tipped bractlets). Phyllaries falling or persistent, 5–75+ in 1 series (lanceolate
9 KB (671 words) - 23:40, 29 July 2020
Spikelets 3.5-9 (12) mm, lengths to 3.5 times widths, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, laterally compressed, sometimes bulbiferous; florets 2-5 (6), usually
10 KB (1,062 words) - 03:18, 30 July 2020
perianth hypogynous, not spreading, nearly globose at anthesis; sepals 5-9 (-12), outwardly yellow to green, becoming yellow within, often red-tinged,
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the other two being deliberate introductions. One of the introduced species, 5. maritima, grows in both Europe and at a few locations in Africa; the African
15 KB (1,152 words) - 04:46, 30 July 2020
arrays. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric, 3–12 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, (5–) 8–40 in (1–) 2–5+ series, not notably nerved, ovate to elliptic
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solitary spikelet, to 12 cm; rachises, branches, and pedicels scabrous or hirsute. Spikelets terete or laterally compressed, with 3-12 florets, terminal floret
14 KB (1,025 words) - 04:50, 30 July 2020
staminate 0.8–2 mm, pistillate 0–5 mm. Staminate flowers: sepals 5, 0.8–1.2 mm, abaxial surface stellate-hairy; petals 5, oblanceolate, 1–1.3 mm, abaxial surface
10 KB (534 words) - 18:31, 29 July 2020
perianth and androecium hypogynous; sepals 5, distinct, white, lanceolate to oblong, ovate, or orbiculate, 1.5–4.8 (–5) mm, herbaceous, margins white to purple
13 KB (701 words) - 10:17, 30 July 2020
stamens (12–) 18–20; styles (4 or) 5, (1.7–) 2.6–3.7 (–4.3) mm; ovary apex glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy. Pomes dark purple-blue, 7.5–10 mm diam.
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distal portions, 13–25 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 4–14 mm, 33–50% of calyx length, deeper than laterals, lateral 2.5–8 mm, 12–50% of calyx length; lobes
11 KB (743 words) - 18:50, 29 July 2020
triquetra, Boerhavia wrightii Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 3. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 4. 1754. Richard W. Spellenberg Common names: Spiderling Etymology: for Hermann
15 KB (627 words) - 09:17, 30 July 2020
John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Mentioned on page 6, 12, 379. Annuals, perennials, shrubs, or trees. Leaves cauline [rosulate]; usually
8 KB (479 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
50–175+ × 2–8 (–12+) mm. Involucres hemispheric to ± urceolate or globose, 3.5–12 × 3–8+ mm. Ray laminae 5–12 mm. Disc corollas 2.5–3.5 mm. Cypselae black
5 KB (553 words) - 23:42, 29 July 2020
arrays. Calyculi of 5–12, narrowly triangular, glabrous or tomentulose bractlets 1–3 mm. Involucres turbinate-campanulate, 7–21 × 8–12 mm. Phyllaries 10–16
8 KB (661 words) - 20:09, 29 July 2020
orange, or not changing color, 1.5–8 mm; stamens subequal, filaments 1.5–5.5 mm, anthers 1.5–6 mm, ciliate; style 5–16 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers
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sutures, rarely glabrous. Capsules ovoid to cylindric-ovoid, 10–12 mm. Seeds 0.4–0.6 mm. Generated Map Legacy Map B.C., Calif., Oreg., Wash., nw Mexico
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above the glumes and beneath the florets or below the glumes. Spikelets 2.5-60 mm, not viviparous, slightly to strongly laterally compressed, with 1-30 florets
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1–0.5 mm, in A. blepharophylla), epaleate. Ray-florets 0 (A. carnosa) or 8–80+, pistillate, fertile; corollas light to dark blue. Disc-florets 12–100+
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ligulate to longlanceolate, adaxial surface flat or shallowly channeled, 1.5–2.5 (–5) mm; base elliptic to rectangular, occasionally not differentiated in shape;
16 KB (1,136 words) - 07:01, 30 July 2020
flora). Both R. C. Rollins (1993) and N. H. Holmgren (2005b) reported n = 12 and 2n = 24 for various species of Stanleya. However, those counts, all reported
11 KB (699 words) - 11:59, 30 July 2020
4–9 mm, lateral pair 2.5–7 mm, adaxial pair (exserted, connate 2/3 their length), 5–13 mm; anthers: abaxial and lateral pairs fertile, 1–2.5 mm, adaxial
11 KB (834 words) - 12:00, 30 July 2020
trioecious), 12–29.8 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets 5; hypanthium saucer-shaped, 9.5–27.8 mm diam., hairy; sepals 5, spreading, broadly lanceolate; petals 5 [–9]
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(–6.5) mm. Inflorescences: spikes broadly ellipsoid to ovoid or hemispheric, (12–) 18–30 × (12–) 18–35 mm; rachis 4–17 mm; rays 4–10, (0.3–) 2–12 cm; bracts
10 KB (694 words) - 01:35, 30 July 2020
3140--3163. Reed, C. F. 1965. Isoëtes in southeastern United States. Phytologia 12: 369--400. Soper, J. H. and S. Rao. 1958. Isoëtes in eastern Canada. Amer
15 KB (1,109 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
racemiform arrays. Involucres campanulate to ± hemispheric, 12–40 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, (8–) 12–26+ in 2–3+ series (subequal to unequal, outer usually
9 KB (603 words) - 23:07, 29 July 2020
-flowered cymes. Flowers pedicellate; sepals deciduous soon after anthesis, 3-5; petals yellow; nectary scale attached on 3 sides, forming pocket enclosing
9 KB (584 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
shorter than 3 mm, margins ciliate or glabrous; ligules and pseudoligules 1-5 mm, of hairs; blades 2-12 cm long (rarely longer), 2-12 mm wide (rarely wider)
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Calyculi 0. Involucres cylindric to campanulate [turbinate], 3–12 mm diam. Phyllaries 5–10 in ± 2 series (distinct to bases, oblong or lanceolate to linear
8 KB (535 words) - 23:32, 29 July 2020
to lavender, pink, or purple, 15–35 mm, tubes 3.5–10 mm, throats 5–14 mm, lobes (linear), 4–12.5 mm; style tips 3–6 mm, conspicuously exserted beyond corolla
12 KB (937 words) - 19:58, 29 July 2020
flowering, (1.4–) 2.2–4 (–4.9) mm; petals oblanceolate to oval or obovate to elliptic, (5.7–) 9.5–14 (–18.8) × (2.2–) 3.3–5.2 (–6.6) mm; stamens (10–) 15–21 (–22);
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present, weak. Encalypta rhaptocarpa 12 Peristome absent > 13 12 Peristome present > 14 13 Leaves oblong, 1.7-3 mm; seta elongate. Encalypta spathulata
11 KB (510 words) - 06:46, 30 July 2020
to reflexed, lanceolate to linear, 5–12 mm, apex acuminate, obtuse, or acute, glandular-pubescent. Pedicels 0–30 mm, much shorter than plant axis; bracteoles
10 KB (613 words) - 19:25, 29 July 2020
and long or ascending and caudexlike. Culms sometimes solitary, terete, 3–5-angled or more, or strongly compressed in cross-section, spongy with internal
13 KB (1,127 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
with firlike leaves Synonyms: Crypta Nuttall Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 349. Mentioned on page 348. Herbs, submersed or emergent
8 KB (388 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
Morton, 1799–1851, North American naturalist Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 128. Mentioned on page 112. Shrubs. Branchlets terete,
7 KB (263 words) - 18:21, 29 July 2020
keeled or angled, often unequal, herbaceous to scarious, glabrous; petals 2–9 (–12), distinct; stamens 1–23; ovules 1–many; style present or absent; stigmas
11 KB (596 words) - 09:43, 30 July 2020
leaves similar to stem-leaves or sometimes slightly differentiated. Seta to 6 mm. Capsule immersed, emergent, or exserted, globose to cylindric, smooth or
24 KB (641 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
1-6 mm; stigma lobes opposite valves. Caulanthus major 11 Basal leaves not rosulate; fruiting pedicels 5-35 mm; stigma lobes opposite replum > 12 12 Petals
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Plants, deciduous to semievergreen, climbing to 12 m, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 1.6-12.5 cm; leaflets mostly 5, petiolules 0.2-2.2 cm, blades oblong to ovate-elliptic
6 KB (437 words) - 08:26, 30 July 2020
narrowly to broadly obcordate, (3.5–) 4–10 (–12) mm, equal to or longer than sepals, apex usually ± retuse; stamens (15–) 20; styles subapical, filiform, often
18 KB (1,094 words) - 13:58, 30 July 2020
umbels or panicles of umbels and axillary or terminal. Flowers 4-merous or 5-merous, sessile or pedicellate; hypanthium hemispheric, cylindrical, urn-shaped
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trellis perfect or imperfect. Calyptra mitrate, covering distal capsule. Spores 12–50 µm, sometimes of 2 sizes. North America, South America, Eurasia, Africa
12 KB (601 words) - 07:50, 30 July 2020
borne singly. Peduncles 0.5–30 cm, ± hairy. Involucres 7–12 × 8–16 mm. Outer phyllaries 6–12, 3.9–9 (–11.5) mm, margins 0–0.4 mm wide, sometimes slightly
7 KB (605 words) - 22:40, 29 July 2020
oblong, rarely ovate or lanceolate-triangular, (4–) 15–28 (–42) × (1.5–) 3.5–7 (–12.5) mm, bases attenuate to convex-cuneate to rounded, margins usually flat
18 KB (1,184 words) - 21:57, 29 July 2020
connate) muticous scales plus 0–5 [–30+] subulate-aristate to setiform scales or bristles. x = 11, 12, 17. w United States, Mexico, Central America, South
8 KB (485 words) - 22:46, 29 July 2020
antrorsely scabrous. Spikelets 2.5-12 mm, usually subsessile to pedicellate, rarely sessile, laterally compressed, with 2-5 florets, reduced florets sometimes
13 KB (1,134 words) - 02:39, 30 July 2020
bloom summer–fall. Many species with linear stigmatic lobes have leaves over 5 mm wide, but such wide leaves are not known in species with capitate stigmas
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subtending leaf-sheath; branches 2-12 (17) cm, ascending to spreading, often arcuate, terminating in a spikelet; branch axes 0.2-1.2 mm wide, glabrous, sometimes
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obovate, triangular-ovate, oval, lanceolate, ovate-oblong, or oblong, (2–) 4–12 cm, membranous or leathery, margins flat, sometimes lobed, dentate, serrulate
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arrays. Calyculi 0. Involucres cylindric to turbinate, 2.5–5 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 5 in 1–2 series, erect (spreading in fruit), distinct, ovate
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absent; stamens 5-6, adnate to styles and stigmas, forming gynostemium; ovary inferior, 3-locular, 5-locular, or 6-locular; styles 3, 5, or 6, connate in
10 KB (491 words) - 08:21, 30 July 2020
(4–) 6–8 (–12); laminae (0.9–) 1–1.6 (–2.3) × 0.4–0.7 mm. Disc-florets (2–) 4–6 (–8); corollas 2–3.5 (–4.5) mm, lobes (0.5–) 0.7–1 (–1.3) mm. Cypselae (narrowly
12 KB (875 words) - 21:39, 29 July 2020
loculicidal. Seeds many, in 2 rows per locule, yellowish to brownish, flat. x = 12, 13, often with chromosome fragments. Northern Hemisphere Species ca. 100
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Cornus Thelycrania Dumortier Fl. Belg., 83. 1827 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 450. Mentioned on page 444, 451. Shrubs or trees; rhizomes
7 KB (387 words) - 18:30, 29 July 2020
sepals 4–5, usually green, calyx tubular, not keeled, glabrous or minutely glandular, lobes spreading to reflexed, usually longer than tube; petals 4–5, white
21 KB (1,760 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
oligosperma, Mentzelia pachyrhiza Larry Hufford Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 527. Mentioned on page 497, 498, 528, 529, 530. Herbs [subshrubs
6 KB (474 words) - 18:20, 29 July 2020
2–6 × 1–4.5 cm, apex rounded or emarginate. Flowers: hypanthium appressed-hairy; sepals 0.5–0.8 mm; petals cream or yellow-green, 3–3.5 mm. Drupes usually
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acuminate, unawned or awned, awns to 1 mm; lower glumes 4-12 mm; upper glumes 7-25 mm; calluses 0.5-1.8 mm; lemmas 6-16 mm, glabrous, scabridulous, or tuberculate
12 KB (899 words) - 03:54, 30 July 2020
linear-oblong, 12–19 × 2–4 mm; lateral sepals linearlanceolate, falcate, 12–18 × 2.5–4.5 mm; petals oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, falcate, 12–20 × 1.5–3.8 mm
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(sometimes ± cupulate), [4–] 5–20 (–30+) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent (outer) or falling with cypselae, 8–20+ in 2 series (outer [2–] 5 often ± connate, herbaceous
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6–12 mm; galea yellow to yellow tinged with red, purple-tinged with yellow, or dark blood red, 6–15 mm, beakless or beaked, beak straight, 0.8–2.5 mm
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and free from costae, elliptic, lanceolate to linear, usually more than 4 mm wide; base rounded, truncate, or cordate; stalks often lustrous and dark colored;
15 KB (692 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
sometimes nearly eglandular. Flowers (10–) 12–18 (–22) mm diam.; hypanthium glabrous or pubescent; sepals (2.5–) 4–7 mm, margins denticulate to finely, sometimes
14 KB (936 words) - 14:35, 30 July 2020
scalelike, 0.5–3 (–5) mm. Peduncles absent. Involucres 1 per node or 2–10 per cluster, turbinate to turbinate-campanulate, (2.5–) 3–5 (–7) × (1.5–) 2–4 mm, glabrous
14 KB (1,118 words) - 10:38, 30 July 2020
white, or bicolored. Disc-florets 5–120+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (anthers ± dark purple
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pratense, Linum usitatissimum Nancy R. Morin Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 373. Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial. Stems usually
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compressed or impressed, papillose or not, glabrous or hairy. x = 10, 11, [12,] 14, [15–17,] 18, 19, [20,] 26, [27,] and probably higher. North America
20 KB (1,253 words) - 11:27, 30 July 2020
clumps, not aromatic; taproot stout to fusiform and fleshy. Stems (0.3–) 1–4.5 (–5.5) dm. Basal leaves loosely to tightly cylindric (± mousetail-like in I. argyrocoma
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orifice 2–5 mm diam., rims 0.5–1 mm wide, hypanthial disc absent. Hips dull red to dark reddish purple, subglobose or cupulate, 5–13 (–18) × 5–16 (–18) mm, hard
9 KB (606 words) - 13:49, 30 July 2020
oblanceolate, obovate, or spatulate, (8–) 12–20 mm; stamens 5–12; stigmas 2–4; pedicel 2–5 mm. Capsules 3–5 mm. Seeds 4–15, 1.5 mm, shiny, smooth. Generated Map Legacy
7 KB (476 words) - 09:45, 30 July 2020
lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts included. Seeds winged; cotyledons 5–15. x =12. North temperate regions, North America, Mexico, Eurasia Species ca. 35
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aromatic; taproot slender or stout, not fusiform or fleshy. Stems (0.1–) 0.2–2.5 (–3) dm. Basal leaves planar or loosely to tightly cylindric; stipules present;
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bristles), 4.6–9.7 × 1.5–3 mm, claw not distinct. Fruits (4-angled or 8-ribbed), cylindrical, 12–29 × 3–9 mm; proximal segment terete, (5–10 mm); terminal segment
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lobes 5, erect, deltate; style-branch appendages deltate. Cypselae angular-columnar, usually 4-angled, sometimes subterete (thick-walled), 4–12-thick-ribbed
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0.6–6.3 mm; disc-florets 1–12, functionally staminate, style-branches 0–2.3 mm, papillate or hairy). Phyllaries: staminate 3.6–12.8 × 1–4.4 mm, pistillate
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(9–) 10 (–12) in 1 whorl; carpels 6–12, connate at least in proximal 1/2; ovary 6–12-loculed. Berries purple-black, 6–11 mm diam. Seeds black, lenticular
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usually free from costae, round to elongate or spatulate, usually less than 4 mm wide, base rounded, truncate, or cuneate; stalks (when present) often lustrous
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lower glumes usually 1/5 – 2/3 as long as the spikelets, occasionally equaling the upper florets, (0) 1-11-veined; upper glumes 5-13-veined; lower florets
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Inflorescences (3–) 5–10 (–12) -flowered, (20–) 35–50 (–55) mm. Pedicels: 1 or 2 subtended by a leaf, proximalmost (9–) 12–19 (–26) mm. Flowers: sepals recurved
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Involucres hemispheric to urceolate, 4–15+ mm diam. Phyllaries 5–8 in ± 2 series, persistent, connate 1/5–7/8+ their lengths, lanceovate to ovate, ± equal
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hemispheric [rotate], 3–8 (–12+) mm diam. Phyllaries falling, 10 (–16) in 2 series, usually distinct (partially connate in P. alpinum), outer 5 (–8) herbaceous to
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