areoles completely separate from flowering areoles in some genera, bearing 0–90 spines, glochids absent. Spines acicular, subulate, daggerlike, ribbonlike
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334. Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes
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flattened distally, 0.2–1.3 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy or papillate, hairs or papillae to 1.5 mm, rarely glabrous; style
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plus 2 series of 25–45 longer, barbellate bristles, mid apically attenuate, 90–95% length of inner, inner apically weakly to strongly clavate [(0.5–in S
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sometimes herbaceous). Receptacles flat to convex, epaleate. Florets (3–) 8–45 (–90); corollas usually white or whitish to cream, sometimes greenish, purplish
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Treatment on page 413. Mentioned on page 12, 16, 402, 417, 421. Perennials, 5–50 (–90) cm, sericeous, tomentose, or glabrous, sometimes sessile or stipitate-glandular
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sessiliflora, Lechea stricta, Lechea tenuifolia, Lechea torreyi Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 90. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 40. 1754. David E. Lemke Common names: Pinweed Etymology:
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capitate, or funnelform]. Fruits capsular, mostly loculicidal. Seeds [1–6–] 15–90 or more, mostly under 2 [–4] mm, mostly ridged or lined. Tropical and subtropical
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sometimes with creeping rhizomes 0.5–1 mm thick, tubers absent. Culms terete, to 90 cm × 2 mm. Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths usually persistent, thinly membranous
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Inflorescences terminal on short-shoots or from axils of previous year’s leaves, 1–64 (–90) [–100] -flowered, racemes, corymbs, umbellate fascicles, 2-flowered fascicles
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present. Flowers rarely unisexual (dioecious in R. setigera or monoecious), 10–90 (–100) mm diam.; hypanthium 2–5 (–10) mm, glabrous, puberulent, tomentose
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rolled into fusiform structure, unmodified, or shortened and oriented at 90° angles to outer leaves. Leaves submersed or both submersed and floating,
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or funnelform. Capsules 3-valved, usually thin, loculicidal. Seeds [1–] 15–90 or more, mealy or translucent, ovoid to cylindric, 0.3–1 (–4) mm, variously
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Mentioned on page 136, 148, 170, 171, 173. Annuals or perennials, (2–) 10–90 (–120+) cm. Stems erect, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves mostly
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mostly linear to filiform, herbaceous). Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets (20–) 45–90 (–160+), bisexual, fertile; corollas lavender, pink, purple, or white, tubes
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FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 14, 53, 54, 82, 88, 90, 303. Herbs, perennial, subscapose, bulbous or rhizomatous, all parts containing
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faces silky (hairs antrorsely ascending to appressed); pappi persistent, of 30–90+ usually whitish to brown or reddish-brown, basally flattened (wider at overlapping
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sometimes orange, paler near teeth, prominent, deeply saccate with 3 lobes at ca. 90° from one another, pouches 6–10 mm wide, 3–4 mm deep, abruptly widening from
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 452. Mentioned on page 8, 451. Annuals, mostly 2–90 cm; taprooted. Stems erect or decumbent, simple or branched from bases or
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ovoid, sometimes subglobose to globose, (0.8–)1–2.5 cm. Melothria 23 Petals 2–90 mm; fruits cylindric to narrowly clavate or globose or depressed-globose to
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population biology in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 90: 151–171. Lysak, M. A. and C. Lexer. 2006. Towards the era of comparative
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Michael J. Warnock Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems (20-) 40-90 (-150) cm; base reddish or not, ± pubescent. Leaves basal and cauline; basal
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 88, 89. Plants to 90 cm (roots fusiform to elongate-turbinate, branched). Herbage
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tapered, or minutely clawed, surfaces glabrous [rarely hairy]; stamens (11–) 13–90; filaments distinct or irregularly connate into groups proximally, dorsiventrally
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names: Eel-grass Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Treatment on page 90. Herbs, perennial, rarely annual, rhizomatous, caulescent; turions absent
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West Indies, Central America, South America, e Eurasia, in Europe Species ca. 90 (77, including 1 hybrid, in the flora). The taxonomy followed here is based
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is native to Eurasia as well as to North and South America, and has about 90 species. None. Bromus anomalus, Bromus ciliatus, Bromus erectus, Bromus frondosus
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oblong-ovate, oblongelliptic, triangular, triangular-ovate, or lanceolate-ovate, 25–90 [–120] mm, pubescent to puberulent, corolla campanulate. Staminate flowers:
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Mentioned on page 189, 190, 194, 204. Herbs. Stems ascending to erect, (2–) 5–70 (–90) cm, glabrous or retrorsely hairy, not glaucous. Leaves basal and cauline
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irregularly in L. portula, placenta and seeds remaining within capsules). Seeds 10–90 (+), obovoid to fusiform or subglobose, to 1 mm; cotyledons ± complanate.
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broader, the other concave, narrower, the different morphologies alternating at 90° at each node, usually hirsute to villous, hairs bristlelike, often gland-tipped;
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purplish nerves, lobes 1/8–1/2 lengths of laminae, ± parallel). Disc-florets 9–90, some bisexual and fertile, the rest functionally staminate; corollas yellow
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mucilaginous, instead containing latex (absent in M. grahamii). Spines [2–] 5–80 (–90) per areole, of every color that cactus spines can, hairlike, bristlelike
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linear to spatulate, distally herbaceous). Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets (20–) 45–90 (–160+), bisexual, fertile; corollas pale lavender, pink, or purple, or white
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curved. > 90 89 Bulb coats reticulate, cells arranged in ± regular vertical rows, narrowly hexagonal to rectangular, transversely elongate. > 91 90 Cells of
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monomorphic, closely spaced to distant, not conspicuously narrowed at tip, to 90 cm. Petiole articulate to stem, straw-colored, somewhat flattened or grooved
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24. Treatment on page 448. Plants usually annual, rarely perennial. Culms 5-90 cm, erect or ascending from a decumbent base, usually glabrous. Sheaths open
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varietyCastilleja densiflora var. gracilis (Bentham) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 68. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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varietyCastilleja campestris var. succulenta (Hoover) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 68. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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Lower Taxa Myrsine cubana Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 196. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 90. 1754 ,. John J. Pipoly III, Jon M. Ricketson Common names: Colicwood Etymology:
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Ertter, Anne Bruneau Basionym: Undefined subg. Hesperhodos Cockerell Nature 90: 571. 1913 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned
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affinis varietyCastilleja affinis var. neglecta (Zeile) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 66. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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and sepals with green lines or veins. > 90 90 Flowers pink or dull brown to purplish; column 8 mm. Deiregyne 90 Flowers various, not pink or dull brown
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having parts in threes Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 51, 54, 56, 91, 97, 101, 110, 113, 150. Herbs, perennial
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leaves) ending just before apex, lamina present into apex > 9 6 Seta curved 30-90° when wet. Seligeria recurvata 6 Seta straight when wet > 7 7 Leaves wiry
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longer than wide, often spreading throughout most of frond; angle of pouch 45°–90°; flowering fronds similar to vegetative ones. Fruits 0.3–0.4 mm. 2n = 40
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appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page 79, 80, 81, 90, 91, 94. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.3–3.5 m. Stems erect, ascending, arcuate, or
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381, 395, 397, 398, 400, 401. Plants not cespitose. Culms acutely angled, 10–90 cm, glabrous. Leaves: basal sheaths redbrown; sheath apex U-shaped; blades
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pubescent, margins entire. Leaves monomorphic, crowded, narrowed toward tip, to 90 cm. Petiole dark-brown to black, round in cross-section except for narrow
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Flora of North America Association Plants annual or biennial (perennial), 30–90 cm, glabrous. Stems erect, usually branched. Leaves (cauline shorter distally);
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glabrous (except at apex). Seeds reddish-brown, ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 cm. 2n = 60, 90. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jun; fruiting Aug–Dec. Habitat: Forests, seasonally
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stipitate-glandular, especially on angles. Leaves: blade narrowly lanceolate, 40–90 × 5–15 mm, smaller distally, base narrowed, apex acute, abaxial surface glandular-pubescent
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sterile and bisexual. Hydrangea 3 Flowers all bisexual. > 4 4 Stamens (11–)13–90 or 150–200. > 5 5 Sepals 4; petals 4 (or 8+ in some horticultural forms);
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pistillate, fertile; corollas white or pinkish to purplish. Disc-florets 12–40 (–90), bisexual, fertile; corollas pinkish to purplish or whitish (glabrous or
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 126. Mentioned on page 127. Plants (20–) 40–90 (–100) cm; caudices woody. Stems 1–4, erect, straight, glabrous or moderately
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ascending to spreading, older deflexed; blades filiform (sulcate to concave), 25–90 × 0.5–3 mm, midnerves obscure to evident, apices acuminate to attenuate, often
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America Association Plants terrestrial or semiaquatic, erect to decumbent, 10–90 cm. Leaves scattered along stem and gradually reduced to sheathing bracts;
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Philadelphia 7: 77. 1834 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 88, 89. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North
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strongly spreading at maturity; lemmas 4-8.5 mm, glabrous, awned, awns 11-90 mm, straight to ascending; paleas 5.5-8 mm; anthers 0.6-1.2 mm. Lateral spikelets
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distally, 0.2–0.8 (–1.1) mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy, hairs to 3 mm, sometimes glabrous; style glabrous. Capsules glabrous
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to ovoid-oblong or obovate, dehiscence basipetally septicidal. Seeds ca. 50–90, linear or narrowly ovoid, ± prolonged to form apiculate tip or elongate appendage
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Flora of North America Association Annuals, rarely perennials, (5–) 10–60 (–90+) cm. Stems branched; hairs stalked, glandular throughout. Leaves: petiole
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gracilis (Piper) C. L. Hitchcock Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Stems erect, to 90 cm, glabrous or puberulent. Leaves: petiole to 11 mm; blade linear to narrowly
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widely spreading to 90°, stiff Luzula divaricata 2 Apex of tepals acute, not reflexed; inflorescence branches spreading less than 90°, lax. > 3 3 Tepals
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prominently tuberculate with tall, shelflike tubercles; bracts of involucres connate 90-100% Mirabilis texensis 17 Fruits sparsely to densely pubescent, hairs 0.1-0
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ascending; pedicel 1–15 mm, usually shorter than bracts. 2n = 18, 36, 54, 72, 90. Phenology: Flowering mostly spring (Feb–Apr; as early as Dec in the south
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rhizomes horizontal. Pitchers persistent, erect, monomorphic, twisted through 90–270°, yellowish green, often suffused with red, distally enlarging into globose
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ovary 2 (–4) -locular; style often persistent in developing fruit; ovules 2–90. Fruits berries, red, purple, purple-black, yellow, or reddish, globose, ellipsoid
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Treatment on page 678. Mentioned on page 670, 671. Stems erect or ascending, 20–90 cm, puberulent and glandular-puberulent or scabrous, often glabrate. Leaves
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flagellacea, Campylopodiella stenocarpa Cardot Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 8: 90. 1908 ,. Jan-Peter Frahm Etymology: Genus Campylopus and Latin -ella, diminutive
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varietyCastilleja ambigua var. insalutata (Jepson) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 67. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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narrowly lanceolate (often chartaceous, scabrellous, often glandular). Florets 40–90; corollas pale yellow-green or cream, often purple-tinged, 6–8 mm. Cypselae
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with scattered hairs. Pedicels ascending, 10–35 mm in flower, recurved, to 90 mm in fruit. Flowers: sepals equal, lobes 1.5–3 × 0.5–1 mm, apex acute; corolla-tube
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or narrowly lanceolate to linear (and then subsessile), proximal blades 10–90 × 1–30 mm, proportionately wider than distal blades (except for linear-leaved
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to prominently 2-ridged abaxially, rarely rounded; staminodes: distal 5–60(–90)% hairy, hairs to 3 mm, sometimes glabrous, included or reaching orifice,
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conspicuous, pouches 3, ± prominent, divergent, saccate, 2–7 × 3–7 mm, (33–) 60–75 (–90) % as long as beak; teeth erect, sometimes spreading, white, pink, purple
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pairs; petals white, fading rose-purple to pink, obovate or obcordate; pollen 90–100% fertile; stigma deeply divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules thick-walled
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6, 12, 18, 394, 402, 403, 462. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, 10–60 (–90) cm; usually taprooted, sometimes rhizomatous. Stems erect to ascending or
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Leaves evergreen, bright green, pale toward base, spirally arranged, to 60 (–90) cm, pliant, gradually tapering to tip. Velum covering less than 1/4 of sporangium
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muscitoxicus (Walter) Regel Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 87. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North
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of North America Association Leaves: petiole 20–150 cm; blade (5–) 10–60 (–90) cm wide. Inflorescences scapose, 30–150 cm, sparsely stipitate-glandular
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scales threadlike, linear, scattered, inconspicuous. Blade lanceolate, 25–90 × 6.5–18 cm; base narrowly cuneate; apex acute. Segments lanceolate, 4–8 mm
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basiscopic lobes of basal pinnae pinnatifid, often deeply so. 2n = 60, ca. 90, 120. Habitat: Chaparral, pine and oak woodlands Elevation: 50–1800 m Generated
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epaleate. Ray-florets 9–36, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 25–90, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, ampliate, tubes ± equaling distally dilated
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(25–) 30–47 (–55) mm; filaments 17–25 mm, anthers 8–23 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 50–90 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. Capsules erect
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Treatment on page 243. Plants perennial; loosely to densely cespitose. Culms to 90 cm, erect to geniculate, not bulbous; nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous or
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Plants perennial; rhizomatous, rhizomes, short, sometimes knotty. Culms 30-90 cm; nodes glabrous, strigose, or with appressed hairs. Sheaths with papillose-based
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20. Treatment on page 611. Mentioned on page 540, 542. Perennials, 10–60 (–90) [–150+] cm (rhizomes sericeous at nodes [glabrous or glabrate]). Stems usually
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(oblong-linear in 96. C. biltmoreana), membranous (to nearly herbaceous in 90. C. intricata), margins stipitate-glandular, rarely shortly so. Flowers (12–)
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often largest at mid-stem or above, reduced in size distally; petiole 3–20 (–90) mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, ovate to orbicular, orbicular-ovate
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20. Treatment on page 529. Mentioned on page 478, 501, 530. Perennials, 10–90 cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous. Stems 1, erect (straight, often reddish),
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Calyces colored as bracts, 5–20 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 4.7–15 mm, 33–90% of calyx length, slightly deeper than laterals or all 4 clefts subequal,
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distal cauline sessile, blades lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, (15–) 40–75 (–90) × (6–) 12–22 (–32) mm, largest at midstem, somewhat reduced to much reduced
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outer of linear to subulate, short (5–15 % length inner) scales, 3 inner of 60–90 white to tan, barbellate bristles, outer apically attenuate, innermost clavate
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522. Plants 1–6 cm. Leaves: basal 3–5, blade lanceolate or spatulate, 20–90 x 5–30 mm, undivided or 1-pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent
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somewhat to strongly clathrate, margins somewhat lighter, entire. Leaves to 90 cm. Petiole slender to stout, to 7 mm diam. Blade broadly ovate, 1-pinnate
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venation pinnate. Sporophores 1–2-pinnate, 2–3 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves green over winter, sporophores seasonal, new leaves appearing
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ellipsoid [reniform]. Fruits capsules, elliptic, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 90–120, brown, ovoid, wings absent. x = 14 or 15. Introduced; Mexico, West Indies
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America Association Leaves 3–5, 30–50 cm; blade keeled, glaucous. Scape 30–90 cm, smooth. Inflorescences umbellate, open, 6–20-flowered; bracts reddish
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unkeeled, glaucous. Scape self-supporting, with occasional bends, 20 (rarely –90) cm, scabrous. Inflorescences umbellate, dense, 6–15-flowered; bracts streaked
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1992. David J. Keil Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 89. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America
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Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 35–90 cm, scabrous on angles. Leaves: proximal sheaths redbrown, fronts with (red)
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cm. Capsules oblong-ovoid. 2n = 18, 20, 27, 28, 35, 36, 42, 44, 45, 54, 72, 90, 108. Phenology: Flowering spring. Habitat: Roadsides, open forests, waste
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serrulate; apex gradually tapered, short-acuminate or apiculate; costa to 50–90% leaf length, narrow, terminal spine absent; alar cells subquadrate to short-rectangular
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South Africa 1: 153. 1909 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 89. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North
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Association Plants 0.3-3 dm, pilose or hirsute, sometimes glabrate. Leaves 10-90 × 1.7-8.1 mm; blade broadly linear; margins entire; apex rounded to long-acute
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instititum Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Mentioned on page 90. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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not stoloniferous; caudex erect, scaly. Flowering-stems erect, leafy, 40–90 cm, densely stipitate-glandular. Leaves in basal rosette and cauline; cauline
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midribs absent. Sporophores 1–2-pinnate, 0.8–2 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing in spring, dying in latter half of summer. Habitat:
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venation pinnate. Sporophores 2–3-pinnate, 1.2 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves green over winter, appearing in spring. Habitat: Widespread
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Association Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. Culms terete, 40–60 (–90) cm, glabrous. Leaves flat, 35–70 cm × 4–9 (–12) mm. Inflorescences: heads
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prairies, toward s and e usually over carbonate (limestone, chalk) Elevation: 90–1500(–2200) m Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Ark., Colo., Kans., La., Miss
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chlorophyllose or aborted, the former spheric to ovoid, relatively large, (50–) 90–100 (–120) µm, papillose or reticulate-papillose. nw North America in arctic
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McQueen†, Richard E. Andrus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 87. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants forming open clumps 60–90 × 45 cm; rhizomes not stoloniferous. Leaves: petiole erect, spreading, light
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Inflorescences compact thyrses, terminal from terminal bud in basal rosette, 27–90-flowered, bracteate. Flowers: hypanthium adnate to ovary in proximal 1/2,
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sulcate, hooked bristles in 3–4 circumferential rows, proximal row spreading 45–90°, glistening with sessile-glandular hairs (often yellow). Phenology: Flowering
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Herbs, perennial, cespitose, (10–) 15–70 (–90) cm, base not bulbous. Stems compact. Leaves in narrow to broad fans, 5–50
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alternate; blades elliptic, lance-linear, lanceovate, linear, or ovate, 10–90 × 2–28 mm, margins ciliate to 1/4 their lengths, hairs mostly less than 0
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Treatment on page 674. Mentioned on page 670. Stems erect or ascending, 10–90 (–120) cm, densely puberulent and glandular-puberulent, and pilose. Leaves
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entire, papillate; stomates on both surfaces, numerous on adaxial surface, 30–90 per 1/2 leaf. Gemmiferous branchlets produced in 1 pseudowhorl at end of annual
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pinnate. Sporophores 2–3-pinnate, 1.5–2.5 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves green over winter, new leaves appearing in late spring
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 10–60 (–90) cm. Stems glaucous. Leaves: petiole 4–15 (–30) cm; leaflets 3 proximally
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(all other botrychiums have a single stalk or 1 dominant and 2 smaller). 2n =90. Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., N.B., N.S., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.)
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cauline: blade linear, 3–30 (–80) mm; cauline: blade ± ovate or obovate, 15–90 mm, base sessile, margins pinnatifid, rarely bipinnatifid, lateral lobes 3–9
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FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 501. Mentioned on page 491. Perennials, 20–90 cm. Stems branched, coarsely scabrous. Leaves alternate to subopposite; petioles
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speciesWhipplea modesta Torrey in War Department [U.S.] Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 90, plate 7. 1857. Ronald L. McGregor† IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in
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spikelets: glumes 35-85 mm, strongly spreading at maturity; lemmas awned, awns 35-90 mm. Hordeum jubatum subsp. jubatum is the more widespread of the two subspecies
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5–10 (–12) cm, base cordate, lobes ovate-oblong or ovate-elliptic, sinuses 50–90% to base, margins coarsely and widely dentate to crenate-dentate, leaf lobes
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1754. Lauren Raz Common names: Yam ñame Etymology: for Dioscorides, ca. 40–90, Greek physician, author of De Materia Medica Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Treatment on page 314. Mentioned on page 260, 261, 316. Perennials, 20–70 (–90) cm; taprooted, woody. Stems basally decumbent, abruptly erect, usually glabrous
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small and medium-sized clumps; rhizomes short. Culms erect, not stiff, 15–90 cm. Leaves: sheaths pale-brown abaxially, inner band thin, hyaline, sometimes
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extensive, of 8 (–15) × 8 (–13) cells; laminal cells linear or elongate, 30–90 × 6–9 µm; basal-cells 20–50 × 9–15 µm, region in 2 or 3 rows. Branch leaves
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varietyCastilleja densiflora var. obispoënsis (D. D. Keck) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 69. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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7–10 µm wide. Branch leaves 0.2–1.3 (–1.9) × 0.2–0.5 (–1) mm; costa to 60–90% leaf length; laminal cells just before apex short, nearly isodiametric or
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Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Tuberlike bases 25–55 (–90) mm diam., surface coarsely tessellate. Stems dark redbrown or purple, sometimes
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Plants densely or loosely cespitose; rhizomes short, thick or thin. Culms to 90 cm. Inflorescences with 3–7 spikes; peduncles of proximal spikes exserted
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varietyCastilleja ambigua var. humboldtiensis (D. D. Keck) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 67. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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of North America Association Plants not cespitose. Culms acutely angled, 15–90 cm, scabrous. Leaves: basal sheaths redbrown; sheaths of proximal leaves with
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems simple or branched, 30–90 (–110) cm; branches spreading-ascending, quadrangular, with siliceous ridges
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style-branches 0–1.2 mm, papillate or hairy. Pappi (pistillate) to 15 mm. 2n = ca. 60, 90. Phenology: Flowering early spring. Habitat: Arctic tundra, moist alpine-subalpine
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abaxial sides usually broadly 2-faced, angles between those faces usually 90+°, adaxial sides nearly flat), apices beaked, beaks off-center, faces rugose
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usually straight, rarely curved, (1–) 3–9 cm; proximal segment (15–) 20–75 (–90) -seeded, (8–) 25–75 × 1.5–3 mm, apex obtuse; terminal segment (0 or) 1–5-seeded
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Little-flower alum-root Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 84, 85, 88, 94, 104. Herbs acaulescent; caudex branched
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Stems often profusely branched distally, 11–90 cm × 0.1–2 mm; internodes 0.1–9 cm, without prickles. Leaves spreading with
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems simple or branched, 25–90 cm; branches laxly and widely spreading, subterete proximally, quadrangular-ridged
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Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 3–50 (–90) cm × 0.2–2 mm. Leaves: apex of distal leaf-sheath obtuse to acute, tooth
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Hylotelephium telephioides, Hylotelephium telephium H. Ohba Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 90: 46, figs. 1–3. 1977 ,. Reid V. Moran Common names: Orpine stonecrop Etymology:
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page 14, 487, 547, 548. Annuals (biennials) [perennials, subshrubs], mostly 5–90 cm (often aromatic). Stems 1–5+, erect to decumbent, usually branched, strigillose
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margins dentate to subentire (distal leaves smaller, bractlike). Heads 30–90+ in corymbiform to subpaniculiform arrays. Calyculi of 2–6 linear to filiform
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apices ± acute > 90 89 Fruits compressed or not, subglobose to ovoid (rarely obdeltate), apices rounded, truncate, or obtuse > 92 90 Sepals 5-8.5 mm, median
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 91. Mentioned on page 65, 90. Ray corollas yellow. cypselae (all) glabrous. 2n = 22. Phenology: Flowering
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 91. Mentioned on page 90. Ray corollas light purple, pink, or white. Cypselae (rays) ± hairy (at least
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recurved, rarely concealing sporangia. Sporangia containing 32 spores. n = 2n = 90, apogamous. Phenology: Sporulating summer–fall. Habitat: Rocky slopes and
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F. P. von Martius et al. in C. F. P. von Martius et al., Fl. Brasil. 2(1): 90. 1842. Jeremy J. Bruhl Etymology: Greek oxys, sharp, and carya, nut Treatment
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Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lambert) Britton Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Trees to 90 (–100) m; trunk to 4.4m diam.; crown narrow to broadly conic, flattened in
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (5–) 30–90 cm. Leaf-blades pale green, (1–) 1.5–3 × 5–9 (–10) cm. Flowers: perianth segments
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Trees to 90 m; trunk to 11 m diam.; crown conic and monopodial when young, narrowed and
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Freeman IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 81. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America
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clavate to obovate, length greater than width, apex sometimes acute. 2n = ca. 90–96. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jul. Habitat: Relatively damp places on slopes
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 5–90 cm. Leaves: blade 5–50 × 0.2–3 cm. Flowers: pedicels 0.8–3 cm, glandular-puberulent
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Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs or trees, 10–90 dm. Leaves: petiole 3–10 mm; blade ovate to suborbiculate, 1.6–6 × 1.2–4 cm
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Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Annuals, 18–70 (–90) cm (delicate or robust, mostly glabrous). Stems usually erect (tufted-pubescent
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obcompressed (± 3-angled, abaxial sides ± 2-faced, angles between those faces 90+°, adaxial sides ± flat, overall smooth or rough-wrinkled, glabrous or hairy);
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midrib. Sporophores mainly 1-pinnate, 1–8 times length of trophophores. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing midspring to early fall. Habitat: Dry fields
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(petiole bases sheathing), sparsely ciliate, blades ovate to oblanceolate, 10–90 × 6–14 mm, bases attenuate to cuneate, rounded, margins entire or serrulate
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Mentioned on page 310, 311. Perennials (sometimes flowering first-year), (20–) 90–200 cm. Stems 1 (from rhizomes) or 2–3+ (from caudices), usually erect (sometimes
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not, glabrous, puberulent, or retrorsely hairy; basal and proximal cauline 9–90 (–115) × 2–19 mm, blade spatulate to oblanceolate, lanceolate, or elliptic
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with slender, spreading rootstock. Stems erect, unbranched or branched, 20–90 cm, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 0–1 mm; blade linear to linear-oblanceolate
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at base, 15–90 cm. Leaves: sheaths glabrous; blades green, widest blades 3.3–5.3 (–8) mm wide, smooth abaxially. Inflorescences 0.33–0.90 of culm height;
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sectionPapaver sect. Californicum Show Lower Taxa Papaver californicum Kadereit Rhodora 90: 11. 1988. Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Treatment on page 325. Plants
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with thick woody walls, irregularly and tardily dehiscent, pedicel 7–60 (–90) mm. Seeds embedded in elongated piece of endocarp, 1–1.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm. 2n
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wide, usually spikelike, partially included in the uppermost sheath, with 15-90 spikelets per cm2 (exposed portion, when pressed); lower nodes with 1-2 (3)
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stem apex; areolar glands absent; cortex and pith not mucilaginous. Spines 20–90 per areole, in 1–5 series, appressed on sides of stems, erect at sexually
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narrowly elliptic, elliptic, oblanceolate, obovate, or broadly obovate, (13–) 20–90 (–135) × 3–23 (–35) mm, 2.3–9 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex
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14 13 Lobes of midcauline leaves less than 6 mm wide; stems less than 60(-90) cm. > 15 14 Leaf margins crenate. Delphinium bakeri 14 Leaf margins ±incised
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included in the uppermost sheath; primary branches 1.5-13 cm, spreading 30-90° from the rachis; secondary branches spreading, without spikelets on the lower
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becoming somewhat shorter distally, proximal cells rectangular, 3–8: 1, 45–90 × 9–18 µm, cells in alar region short-rectangular to quadrate, 1–2: 1, in
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Flora of North America Association Culms in medium to large-sized clumps, 30–90 cm. Leaves cauline, usually overtopping culms; blades 10–40 (–50) cm × 4–9
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unlobed; styles 15–24 mm. Capsules clavate, 25–40 × 4–5 mm, axillary curved to 90° at maturity, usually inconspicuously longitudinally ribbed. Seeds 30–40,
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Whipplea modesta Torrey in War Department [U.S.] Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 90, plate 7. 1857. Ronald L. McGregor† Common names: Modesty yerba de silva Endemic
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Sporophores 1-pinnate, 0.2–3 cm, 0.2–3.5 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing in late spring to fall. Habitat: Extremely sporadic
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walls moderately thin, region undifferentiated or small; laminal cells 35–65 (–90) × 3–5 µm; basal juxtacostal cells elongate, 10–25 × 5–8 µm. Seta 1–2 cm,
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stamens diverging, in 2 slightly subequal sets with anthers overlapping ca. 90 percent; filaments filiform, 1–1.7 cm; anthers 3–6 mm; style 1.8–2.7 cm, longer
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FNA Volume 22. Herbs, erect or ascending, rarely rooting at nodes. Stems 5–90 cm; internodes glaucous, glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged, sessile; blade
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Association Plants cespitose; rhizomes short. Culms central, trigonous, 30–90 cm, smooth. Leaves: basal sheaths reddish purple-tinged; ligules 6–17 mm;
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Brittonia 8: 247. 1957 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 81. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 30–90 cm. Stems sparsely pubescent proximally, nearly glabrous distally. Leaves:
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opposite; petiolate (petioles 10–25 mm); blades ± 3-nerved, lanceolate, 20–90+ × 5–40 mm, bases rounded to slightly oblique, margins entire or serrate,
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Ray-florets 13–21, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 45–90+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than campanulate throats
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or nearly flat] (± elongating with age), pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 35–90 (in [1–] 3–4 series), pistillate, fertile; corollas abaxially often pink or
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segments several times their width apart, ca. 1–2.5 mm wide. Pinnules at nearly 90° angle to costa; fertile ultimate segments only decurrent, or more decurrent
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Ray-florets 5–13, pistillate, fertile; corollas golden yellow. Disc-florets 30–90, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, sometimes suffused with purple, tubes
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of North America Association Leaves monomorphic, green through winter, 32–90 × 10–20 cm. Petiole 1/3 length of leaf, scaly at least at base; scales scattered
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Herbs, biennial or perennial. Stems: basal produced; flowering erect, (15–) 30–90 cm, densely spreading-villous. Leaves of flowering-stems opposite or whorled;
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petiole 3–30 cm; blade 3.5–10 cm, ultimate margins ciliate. Inflorescences 40–90 cm, densely stipitate-glandular or glandular-hispid; bracts subtending pedicels
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sectionJuniperus sect. Sabina speciesJuniperus ashei J. Buchholz Bot. Gaz. 90: 329. 1930. Robert P. Adams Common names: Ashe juniper mountain-cedar Illustrated
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midrib absent. Sporophores 1–2-pinnate, 1.5–4 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing in late spring and early summer. Habitat: Sporadic
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midrib absent. Sporophores 1–2-pinnate, 1.3–3 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing in mid to late spring, dying in late summer;
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Basal leaf-blades linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, (30–) 40–90 (–120) × (1–) 2–4 (–6) mm, apices acute. Cypselae strigose only distally.
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Trophophore blades green, shiny, to 45 × 30 cm, proximal margins diverging 90°–150° from stalk, with up to 7 rounded to mostly linear, acute lobes; venation
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dense vegetation, emergent; blade 1.2–6 × 1.3–6.3 cm; primary-veins forming 75–90° angle with midvein, broadly curving, aerenchyma confined to midvein region
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as the fruits dehisce Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 76, 77, 9. Subshrubs [herbs, shrubs], perennial or rarely
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white-strigose, eglandular. Leaves mostly basal (persistent); blades linear, 20–70 (–90) × 1–2 (–3) mm, cauline reduced (on proximal 1/8–1/2 of stems, bases white-indurate
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Spikelets divaricate, forming 75–90° angle with rachis, (10–) 15–20 × (1.2–) 1.5–2 mm; floral scales ovatelanceolate
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blade solid, flat, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, (15–) 20–30 (–40) cm × 15–90 mm, tapering to long, slender petiole, margins entire. Scape persistent, solitary
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pinnate. Sporophores 2–3-pinnate, 1.5–2.5 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves green over winter, sporophores seasonal, new leaves appearing
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sepals 3–6, valvate, distinct; petals 0; nectary absent; stamens [5–] 25–35 [–90], distinct, borne on elongated [flat, dome-shaped] receptacle, thus appearing
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gravelly (sometimes sandy) desert slopes and flats, shrublands Elevation: -90–1900 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., Calif., Nev., N.Mex., Utah, Mexico
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1836 (as erythraeae) Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 89. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora
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conic, shaggy-papillate). Cypselae narrowly obconic; pappi persistent, of 70–90 unequal bristles in 2–3 series. x = 19. sw United States, Mexico Species 3
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appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 89. Mentioned on page 55, 56, 82, 90. Herbs, perennial, from bulbs; bulbs tunicate, ovoid-oblong, ca. 5 × 2.5 cm;
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants (50–) 90–150 cm. Leaves: petiole 3.5–4.5 (–8) cm, glandular-pubescent; leaflet blade
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4-locular, 1.3–2.5 mm diam. Seeds 2–5 per locule, oblong to ellipsoid, curved 90–180°, 0.6–1 × 0.2 mm; pits elliptic, length 1–3 times width, in 6–10 rows
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FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 315. Mentioned on page 310. Biennials, 30–90 cm. Leaves: basal 2-pinnate, 6–15 cm, lobes 3–15 (–20+) × 1–6 mm; cauline
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midrib absent. Sporophores 1-pinnate, 1.5–4.5 times length of sporophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing in late spring to late summer. Habitat: Dark
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minute. Pinnae 0–1 pair, ovate to deltate, sometimes narrowly so, 5–20 (–90) × 0.4–1 (–1.2) mm; base truncate to acute; margins crenate to serrate; apex
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Treatment on page 169. Mentioned on page 168. Spikelets divaricate, forming 75–90° angle with rachis, 10–40 × 2.4–3 mm; floral scales ovate, widest at midlength
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 627. Mentioned on page 543. Perennials, 15–90 cm (rhizomes fibrous-rooted; plants glabrous or sparsely to densely tomentose)
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Seeds pale-yellow, fusiform, body 0.6–0.7 mm, tails 0.8–1.1 mm. 2n = 60, 90, 120. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. Habitat: Tundra
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page 427. Mentioned on page 59, 387. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 20–90+ cm; taprooted (rhizomatous, not stoloniferous). Stems usually 1, erect (rarely
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obovoid gemmae occurring in masses in distal leaf-axils, of several cells, 70–90 µm. Habitat: Soil, clay, limestone, cement, walls Elevation: low to moderate
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globose (often loosely flowered); peduncles straight, divergent by as much as 90°, to 9 cm; proximal inflorescence bract leaflike, not longer than inflorescence;
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outermost greenish; stamens 100-200, 8-14 mm; filaments white; pistils 50-90. Follicetums ellipsoid, 5.5-10 × 2.5-5 cm, glabrous; follicles recurved, long-beaked
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margins serrulate to base, serrate to serrulate distally; laminal cells 45–90 (–125) × 5–7 µm. Branch leaves ± falcate or occasionally straight. Seta rough
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season, cauline conspicuous, reduced distally); petiole flattened, (5–) 10–60 (–90) mm; blade round to reniform, 3–7 (–9) -lobed usually less than halfway to
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midcauline leaf lobes less than 3 times longer than wide. Inflorescences (16-) 40-90 (-162) -flowered; pedicel 0.5-2.5 (-6.5) cm, puberulent; bracteoles 2-5 mm
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J. Warnock Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems (10-) 20-50 (-90) cm; base reddish, glabrous to puberulent. Leaves mostly on proximal 1/3 of
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hairs spreading, thick-based); blades linear to linear-oblanceolate, 40–70 (–90) × 1–3 mm, cauline reduced to bracts (bases relatively thin, not sheathing)
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erect, 5–35 cm. Leaves: blades oblong-obovate to elliptic or lanceolate, 20–90 × 6–40 mm, distal blades narrower. Inflorescences: bracts lanceolate, to 15
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Phenology: Flowering Jul–Aug. Habitat: chiefly in maize fields. Elevation: 20–90 m. Generated Map Legacy Map Introduced; N.C., S.C., Africa Striga asiatica
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231, 237, 239. Herbs or subshrubs. Stems decumbent to ascending or erect, 15–90 cm, retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed, not glaucous. Leaves cauline, opposite
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beardtongue Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 86, 87. Subshrubs, cespitose. Stems ascending to erect
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Mentioned on page 288, 295. Plants without conspicuous rhizomes. Culms 20–90 cm, 1.7–2.2 mm wide basally, 0.7–1.1 mm wide distally. Leaves: sheaths tight
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perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. Culms trigonous to terete, (25–) 40–60 (–90) cm, glabrous. Leaves flat or V-shaped, (10–) 25–50 cm × 5–8 (–12) mm. Inflorescences:
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page 547. Mentioned on page 14, 487. Perennials [annuals, biennials], [5–] 30–90 cm (rhizomatous and/or stoloniferous; not notably aromatic). Stems 1–5+, ascending
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on page 685. Plants annual or perennial; sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 1.5-90 cm, erect. Cauline leaves 1-3; sheaths open to the base; auricles absent;
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Treatment on page 693. Plants perennial; cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 5-90 cm, erect or decumbent at the base. Leaves basally concentrated; sheaths open
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McQueen†, Richard E. Andrus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 87. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of
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very large, compact or open communities, or occasionally solitary. Leaves 20–90 (–125) × 0.7–2 cm wide at base in narrow forms, 2–2.5 cm in broader forms
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20–35 (–47) mm, nearly as thick as central spines; central hooked spine 50–90 (–130) × 0.5–1 (–1.7) mm; others, if present, straight and poorly differentiated
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 113. Mentioned on page 90, 94, 114. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America
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villous to glabrescent; lobes 3 (-5), deltate, 0.7-4 cm wide; middle lobe 70-90% of total blade length. Inflorescences 1-flowered, villous to pilose; involucral-bracts
8 KB (733 words) - 08:44, 30 July 2020
short-strigose, glandular-hairy; blade oblong-lanceolate or linear, (10–) 14–90 [–95] x 2–20 mm, margins green, apex acute. Spikelike racemes 1–14 cm; flowers
8 KB (557 words) - 19:26, 29 July 2020
appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 55. Mentioned on page 52. Plants 20–90 cm. Stems green to reddish-brown when young, branched, glabrous or sparsely
7 KB (642 words) - 22:14, 29 July 2020
sulcate, hooked bristles in 3 circumferential rows, proximal row spreading 45–90°, glandular-hairy (hairs short-stipitate), grooves strigose, ridges rarely
6 KB (737 words) - 14:13, 30 July 2020
sulcate, hooked bristles in 3–4 circumferential rows, proximal row spreading ± 90° to ± reflexed, usually glistening with sessile-glandular hairs, ridges sometimes
7 KB (698 words) - 14:13, 30 July 2020
villous to tomentose. Peduncles not notably elongating after flowering, 5–60 (–90) cm in fruit, glabrous or glabrate, or apically puberulent to lanate, sometimes
8 KB (579 words) - 20:21, 29 July 2020
cespitose, in small clumps; rhizomes short. Culms erect to arching, slender, 15–90 cm. Leaves: sheaths relatively tight, pale to mid brown abaxially, inner band
9 KB (763 words) - 01:53, 30 July 2020
blades, 1-nerved or 3-nerved, linear to narrowly oblanceolate or spatulate, 17–90 × 1–7 (–12) mm, rigid, attenuate, margins sometimes ciliate (often minutely)
9 KB (694 words) - 21:45, 29 July 2020