Search results

Blade of sterile leaf 1–3-pinnate, 2–41 × 2–20 cm; segments lobed or incised, elliptic to lanceolate to ovate or deltate, to 12.5 cm; proximal pinnae ± alternate

narrowly elliptic or obovate, (1.2–) 2–8 (–12) cm, wider leaves shallowly to deeply incised (rarely pinnately compound), the narrower less incised, margins

sometimes toothed; petiole present; blade ± cordate or reniform to narrowly elliptic in outline, 0.5–25 (–30) cm, foliaceous, rarely ± coriaceous; leaflets

margins usually serrate, rarely deeply incised or broadly crenate, terminal: petiolule (1–) 5–20 (–40) mm, blade elliptic, lanceolate, oblong, ovate, suborbiculate

petiolulate, elliptic to obovate, ± oblong, obovate-elliptic, lanceolate-elliptic, or obovate-oblong, margins flat, serrate, crenate, or incised, surfaces

persistent, sometimes absent, basally adnate to petiole, linear to lanceolate or elliptic, margins usually entire, cauline sometimes lobed; petiole present; blade

without rhizomes > 21 21 Basal leaves deeply incised, lobes again incised, segments linear to oblong-elliptic; cauline leaves 1–3; stems usually unbranched

lanceolate, elliptic, rhombic, and/or obovate, minor leaflet blades ovate, elliptic, or obovate, margins flat, serrate to dentate, rarely incised, or in minor

blade sometimes fleshy, not leathery, margins crenate, serrate, dentate, or incised. Inflorescences terminal, subcapitate to diffuse spikes, flowers solitary

oblanceolate, elliptic, or cuneate to obovate, margins flat to ± revolute, distal 1/4 to nearly whole length evenly to unevenly incised 1/4 to nearly to

(2–)5–20(–25) mm, incised 1/4–3/4 to base into teeth or lobes > 2 1 Basal leaves ± cylindric to weakly planar; lateral leaflets 0.5–8 mm, incised to base or nearly

alternate; petiolate (mostly basal) or sessile; blades pinnately nerved, elliptic, lanceolate, linear, lyrate, orbiculate, ovate, reniform, or spatulate

at tip of leaf axis, separate to slightly overlapping, oblanceolate or elliptic to broadly obovate or cuneate to flabellate, sometimes nearly orbiculate

oblong, cuneate, flabellate, or elliptic, margins flat, distal (1/4–) 1/2 to whole length evenly or unevenly incised ± 1/2 to completely to midvein, rarely

at tip of leaf axis, separate to overlapping, usually obovate, sometimes elliptic, suborbiculate, or obtriangular, margins slightly to strongly revolute

±sessile, elliptic to oblanceolate, 2-10 (-12) cm (2 cm in secondary involucre) × 2-5 (-7) cm, bases cuneate, margins coarsely serrate and incised on distal

sinuate-dentate to somewhat lobed or incised, surfaces densely pubescent. Cauline leaves: blade obovate-elliptic to oblong, 1–4 cm × 5–20 mm, base cuneate

obovate, (1.5-) 2.5-4.5 (-5.5) × (1-) 3-10 cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins incised on distal 1/3, apex broadly acute to nearly obtuse; surfaces abaxially villous-silky

pedatifida 7 Mid-season leaf blades incised or lobed at base only. Viola sagittata 7 Mid-season leaf blades incised or lobed throughout > 8 8 Earliest leaf

cauline, relatively even-sized; petiole absent; blade elliptic to lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or elliptic-oblanceolate, 25–65 (–80) × 4–15 (–25) mm, margins

tuft of to 14+ per node (basal leaves), white to tan, filiform, forming incised or notched nodal fringe; blade 1-veined, spatulate to suborbiculate (basal)

blade obovate or orbiculate, 2–6 (–8) mm, base cuneate, margins incised-crenate to incised-dentate, teeth 1–3 (or 4) pairs, apices obtuse or acute. Inflorescences

orders of leaflets and lobes; ultimate lobes elliptic, 1.5 times or more longer than wide, margins incised, apex subapiculate. Inflorescences racemose,

divided into 3-7 segments, ultimate segments narrowly elliptic or lanceolate to linear, margins incised and toothed. Inflorescences terminal, sometimes also

narrowly oblanceolate or elliptic to obovate or broadly oblong, margins ± to strongly revolute, ± whole length evenly incised ± 1/2 to nearly completely

cauline) pinnately lobed to irregularly incised or laciniate > 4 3 Leaves subentire to dentate (not lobed, incised, or laciniate) > 5 4 Herbage glabrous

leaflets 4–10 per side, opposite, ovate, oblong, or elliptic, margins flat or revolute, incised or pinnatisect, dentate or entire, surfaces hairy or glabrous

radially or bilaterally symmetric, campanulate, lobes linear-oblong to elliptic or triangular; petals 5, corolla yellow to orange, white, purple, cream

leaf axis, overlapping or not, elliptic to obovate, margins revolute or nearly flat, distal (1/2–) 2/3–3/4+ evenly incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, teeth (2–)

not, narrowly oblanceolate or oblanceolate-elliptic to obovate, margins flat, distal 1/2–3/4+ evenly incised 1/4–1/3 (–1/2) to midvein, teeth 1–10 (–13)

blade oblanceolate to obovate [or elliptic], 1–15 [–35] cm, herbaceous [subcoriaceous], leaflets 2–12 pairs, elliptic, orbiculate, or obovate, margins flat

or glabrate; sepals 5, spreading to reflexed, elliptic to obovate or lanceolate, margins serrate (incised above middle); petals usually 0, rarely 1 or 2

segments, segments obovate, ± 3-lobed, margins coarsely toothed, often incised. Inflorescences terminal, 1-3 [-7] -flowered open cymes or flowers solitary;

leaflets and lobes; ultimate lobes ovate, oblongelliptic, or obovate, margins incised, apex subapiculate. Inflorescences racemose, (6-) 10-16 (-20) -flowered

obtriangular, 3-cleft, (1-) 1.5-4 (-5) cm, bases clasping, ±connate, margins incised throughout, apex narrowly acute to acuminate, surfaces pilose; segments

ovatelanceolate to elliptic, margins remotely to strongly serrate; petiole present; blade ovate, 2–6 [–12] cm, herbaceous, margins flat, incised or lobed, lobes

often deeply incised; major leaflets 3–11 (mid cauline 5–7), minor 0–1 (–2) pairs; major leaflet blades obovate to broadly elliptic to elliptic, terminal

oblanceolate to obovate, oblong, or elliptic, margins slightly to strongly revolute, distal 2/3 to whole length evenly incised 1/2–3/4+ to midvein, teeth 2–8

(-14) cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins crenate, or serrate and deeply incised on distal 1/2, apex narrowly acute, surfaces strigose, more so abaxially;

depressed-ovate or linear, margins serrate, doubly serrate, shallowly laciniate, incised, lobed, or dissected; petiole present or absent; blade trullate to widely

overlapping or not, oblanceolate or oblong to elliptic or obovate, margins flat, distal 1/2 to whole length evenly incised 1/5–1/4 or less to midvein, teeth (0–)

overlapping, obovate to narrowly elliptic, cuneate, or oblanceolate, margins flat or slightly revolute, distal 1/2–3/4 evenly incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, teeth

cm, not or ± petiolulate, distal 2/3–3/4 of margins evenly to unevenly incised 1/5–3/4 to midvein, sometimes deeply lobed as well, teeth 2–9 per side (some

1/10, of leaf axis, separate to overlapping, largest ones oblanceolate to elliptic or obovate, (1.5–) 2–9 (–11) × (0.7–) 1.5–4 cm, margins flat to revolute

oblanceolate or elliptic to obovate, sometimes oval or nearly round, margins flat, distal 1/2 to ± whole length evenly to unevenly incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein

earliest blades ovate to elliptic, mid-season blades ovate, elliptic, narrowly elliptic to narrowly deltate, 1–8 × 1–5 cm, incised or lobed at base only,

lanceolate to ovate, 5–12 (–16) mm, base strongly cuneate, margins serrate to incised-serrate, teeth 1–5 pairs, apices subacute to acute. Inflorescences beginning

stems 300–800(–1200) mm. > 10 10 Leaf blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, 4–17 mm wide; corolla limbs 30–45

orders of leaflets and lobes; ultimate lobes oblong, elliptic, or obovate, margins sometimes incised, apex obtuse or rounded. Inflorescences racemose, 6-18-flowered

1/2-ovate, margins incised; major leaflets 3–9 (mid cauline 5–7), minor 1–4, rarely 0–1, pairs; major leaflet blades ovate to elliptic or rhombic, terminal

1/2-round, margins deeply incised; major leaflets 3–9 (mid cauline 5–7), minor 0 or 1 pair; major leaflet blades obovate to elliptic, terminal largest, largest

1–3 (–7) × 0.4–1.2 cm, petiolules 0–2 (–4) mm, distal 1/4 to whole margin incised 1/4–3/4+ to midvein, teeth (1–) 2–5 (–10) per side, separate, 1–6 mm, surfaces

at least distally, ± flabellate, 0.5–3 (–4) mm, incised to base or nearly so into (0–) 2–4 (–9) elliptic to obovate or orbiculate lobes, apex usually not

distally, ± flabellate, 1–4 (–6) mm, incised to base or nearly so into 2–10 (–12) oblanceolate to obovate or elliptic lobes, apex sometimes setose, surfaces

and/or shape, middle lobes narrowly deltate to narrowly elliptic, lateral lobes narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or falcate, 1–11 × 1–12 cm, base truncate

central obovate to broadly elliptic, 1–3 × 0.8–1.8 cm, often distinctly petiolulate, distal 1/2–2/3 of margins evenly incised ± 1/3 to midvein, teeth 2–3

cauline leaf blades subulate to triangular, scalelike, stipules forming incised or notched nodal fringe Stipulicida 8 Basal leaves present or absent, if

cyme elliptic, oblong, ovate, or obovate, 0.8–2.2 mm wide, apex obtuse or rounded, (2–) 3-cuspidate or 3-dentate, sharply pointed “cuspidate” incised lobes

separate, broadly ovate or obovate to orbiculate, (2–) 5–15 (–18) mm, incised 1/4–3/4 to base into (3–) 7–11 ± ovate teeth, apex not setose, surfaces

2–10 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, not auriculate, margins dentate to incised or pinnately lobed. Racemes (paniculate), elongated, (often dense) in fruit;

whole margin unevenly to pinnately (at least distal leaflets of var. ovina) incised 1/2–3/4+ to midvein, ultimate teeth 2–9 (–11), linear or oblong to ovate

1–4 (–6) × 0.5–1.5 (–2) cm, margins flat, distal 1/3–1/2 (–2/3) ± evenly incised 1/2 or nearly to midvein, undivided medial blade 1.5–7 (–10) mm wide, teeth

lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, 1.5–3.5 (–4.5) cm ×5–12 mm, base not auriculate, margins (of lobes) entire, serrate, or incised. Racemes elongated in fruit;

blade with 2 orders of leaflets and lobes; ultimate lobes elliptic, variable in size, margins incised, apex subapiculate. Inflorescences racemose, commonly

relatively even-sized; petiole absent; blade elliptic or oblongelliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, (10–) 20–55 × 4–17 mm, margins

at tip of leaf axis, overlapping, broadly elliptic to obovate, margins flat, distal 1/2–3/4 evenly incised 1/4 or less to midvein [entire], teeth (3–)

leaflets 7–11, central one oblanceolate-elliptic, 1–2 (–3) × 0.3–0.8 cm, distal 1/4 or less of margin incised less than 1/10 (–1/4) to midvein, teeth 1–2

1/3–2/3 of leaf axis, overlapping, obovate or elliptic to flabellate, margins flat, ± whole length irregularly incised 1/2 to completely to midvein (proximal

reticulate, raised abaxially), spatulate, ovate-oblanceolate, ovate, elliptic, elliptic-oblong, oblanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or (usually distal) linear

relatively even-sized; petiole absent; blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-oblong, 12–37 × 3–9 mm, margins entire, serrulate

petiolule to 5 mm, base cuneate, margins slightly revolute, distal ± 3/4 incised ± 1/2 to midvein, teeth (2–) 3–4 (–6) per side, ± approximate to distant

(0.5–) 1–2.5 (–4) cm, petiolules 0 (–10) mm, distal 3/4 to whole margin incised 1/5–1/4 to midvein, teeth (4–) 7–15 (–19) per side (sometimes secondarily

largest ones oblanceolate to elliptic or obovate, 1–2 (–4) × 0.6–1.2 (–2.5) cm, distal 2/3 to ± whole margin ± evenly incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, teeth (2–)

ones narrowly oblanceolate-elliptic, (1.5–) 2–5 (–6) × 0.5–1.2 (–1.5) cm, margins flat, distal (1/4–) 1/2–3/4 evenly incised 1/4–1/3 to midvein, undivided

cauline, relatively even-sized; petiole absent; blade elliptic to lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or elliptic-oblanceolate, 25–65 (–80) × 4–15 (–25) mm, margins

indistinct; blade narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic-lanceolate proximally to lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic distally, 15–60 (–75) × 2–20 mm, margins

times subtending leaves. Leaves: blade ovate to orbiculate, 2–6 mm, margins incised-crenate, teeth 1–4 (or 5) pairs, apices obtuse to subacute. Inflorescences

glabrous or pubescent proximally; anthers yellow to pink or red, ovate to elliptic; styles 3, spreading, connate basally or nearly completely; stigmas capitate

cm, distal 2/3 to whole margin palmately or unevenly, rarely pinnately, incised 2/3 to completely to midvein, ultimate teeth or segments (1–) 2–10, linear

5–1.5 (–2) × 0.5–1 (–1.3) cm, distal (1/2–) 2/3 to whole margin pinnately incised 3/4+ to midvein, ultimate teeth 5–10, linear-oblanceolate, 1.5–8 (–10) ×

obovate to oblong, 1–5 (–6) × 0.3–1.5 cm, distal (2/3–) 3/4 to whole margin incised 1/2 or less (rarely more) to midvein, teeth (5–) 7–12 (–18) per side, 1–4

5 (–4) × (0.5–) 1–1.5 (–2) cm, petiolule 0–2 mm, distal 1/2+ of margins incised 3/4+ to midvein, teeth 2–5 per side, separate, 3–10 (–14) mm, surfaces similar

(30–) 50–120 cm. Leaves sessile or petioles 10–50 mm (winged); blades lance-elliptic to lance-oblong, 80–120 (–250) × 30–100 mm (proximal usually with 1–2 lobes

as long as wide, base truncate to ± cordate, margins crenate to deeply incised, apex obtuse, surfaces variably hairy. Racemes 1–4, axillary, 40–100 (–200)

glistening glandular-hairs; petiole 0.5–1.5 mm, villous; blade oblong, ovate, or elliptic, 3–7 × 2–4 mm, base asymmetric, rounded, margins entire, apex obtuse, surfaces

mostly broadly elliptic to ovate, 1.5–3 cm wide, lengths to 2 times widths, bases broadly rounded, margins sharply toothed (not incised), faces glabrous

viscid-villous. Leaves cauline, relatively even-sized; petiole absent; blade elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, sometimes

redbrown, ca. 2 mm, sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole to 10 mm. Leaf-blade elliptic to oblong, 10-40 (-90) × 10-20 (-40) mm, rather thick, leathery, stiff

tomentose proximally. Basal leaves petiolate; blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–60+ × 10–20+ mm, bases tapering, sometimes obtuse,

margins sinuate to incised or incised-lobed, apex of distal cauline and floral bracts acute. Inflorescences freely branched, broadly elliptic to ovate panicle

scurfy to glabrate. Leaves many, subsessile or shortly petiolate; blade elliptic to spatulate, oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate, 5–30 (–35) × 2–8 (–12)

eglandular; blade rhombic-obovate or broadly elliptic, sometimes ± narrowly obovate, ± obtrullate, or broadly rhombic-elliptic, 3–5 (–7.5) cm, 1.4–2.5 times as long

blade often purplish, palmately 3–5-veined, ovate or ovatelanceolate to elliptic-ovate, suborbicular, or depressed-ovate, (3–) 10–35 × 3–25 mm, base rounded

golden-resinous; usually flat, rarely broadly keeled to convex), narrowly elliptic to linear-lanceolate, unequal to equal, margins scarious or not, faces

parted or lobed (apices incised). Cauline leaves usually gradually, sometimes abruptly, reduced (petiolate or sessile; narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, pinnatifid)

petiole nearly absent, sessile-glandular or eglandular; blade dark green, elliptic to narrowly obovate or similar, sometimes suborbiculate, (1–) 2–3.5 (–6)

to white or pinkish, 3.8–8 mm including stipelike base, glabrous; tepals elliptic to obovate, apex obtuse to acute, outer 3 winged; stamens 8; filaments

elongate cincinnate dichasia; bracteoles free, bracts subequal, narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, or linear, exterior lanceolate, interior linear, wider bracts

(–2) cm, subsessile, base cuneate, margins slightly revolute, distal ± 3/4 incised (1/4–) 1/3–1/2 to midvein, teeth (2–) 3–5 (–6) per side, ± approximate,

subsessile to short-petiolulate, base cuneate, margins revolute, distal 1/2 incised 1/2–3/4 to midvein, teeth (1–) 2–3 (–4) per side, ± distant, surfaces ±

deeply 3–5-lobed (sinuses extending 2/3–3/4 to midvein), lobes unevenly incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, teeth 1–3 (–5) per lobe, surfaces similar, green, brownish

subsessile, base cuneate to rounded, margins revolute, distal 1/2–2/3 (–3/4) incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, teeth 3–6 (–7) per side, ± approximate to ± distant

side, slightly overlapping, elliptic to flabellate, 2–6 (–7) mm, incised nearly to base into (0–) 2–4 oblanceolate to elliptic lobes, apex sometimes ± setose

central cuneate-elliptic to obovate, 0.5–2.5 × 0.3–1.5 cm, scarcely to distinctly petiolulate, distal 1/3 of margins evenly incised ± 1/4 to midvein,

overlapping at least distally, ± flabellate, 0.5–2 mm, incised to base or nearly so into (0–) 3–8 (–15) elliptic to narrowly obovate lobes, apex not or obscurely

3.5 cm). Flowers: epicalyx bractlets usually ± lanceolate-elliptic, rarely ± ovate-elliptic, 3–6 (–8) × (1–) 1.5–2 (–2.5) mm, lengths ± equal to sepals

Fruits siliques, sessile or shortly stipitate, usually linear, rarely elliptic-linear, smooth or torulose, terete, 4-angled, or latiseptate; valves each

oblanceolate-elliptic to narrowly obovate, (2–) 5–10 × 1–4 cm, margins flat to ± revolute, distal 3/4 to nearly whole length ± evenly incised (1/4–) 1/2–3/4+

obovate to cuneate, (0.5–) 1–2 × (0.3–) 1–1.5 cm, distal 1/2–2/3 of margin incised ± 1/3 to midvein, teeth 2–4 per side, surfaces similar, green (abaxial sometimes

veins sparsely hairy; on extension shoots broadly elliptic to suborbiculate, larger, often slightly incised, strongly serrate. Inflorescences 2–6-flowered;

8–2.2 × 0.2–0.5 cm, petiolules 0 (–1) mm, less than distal 1/4 of margins incised 1/2–3/4 to midvein, teeth 1 (–2) per side, ± separate, 1–2 mm, surfaces

(–1.5) × 0.2–1 cm, scarcely petiolulate, distal 1/2–2/3 of margins evenly incised 1/3–1/2 to midvein, teeth (1–) 2–3 (–4) per side, surfaces green, long hairs

(–2) cm, not to scarcely petiolulate, distal 1/2–2/3 of margins evenly incised ± 1/3 to midvein, teeth 3–5 (–6) per side, surfaces green, long hairs ±

cm, scarcely to distinctly petiolulate, distal ± 1/3 of margins evenly incised ± 1/4 to midvein, teeth 2–4 per side, surfaces green, long hairs sparse

petiolule (1–) 3–10 mm, margins flat, not lobed, distal 1/2–3/4 ± evenly incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, teeth (2–) 3 (–4) per side, not secondarily toothed

(–2) × 0.4–0.8 cm, scarcely petiolulate, distal ± 3/4 of margins ± evenly incised 1/2–3/4 to midvein, teeth 2–3 (–4) per side, surfaces green, long hairs

petiolules 0 (–6) mm, distal 1/2–3/4 (sometimes nearly whole), margin incised 1/5 or less to midvein, teeth 4–10 (–15) per side, 1–2 (–3) mm, teeth apex

cm; leaflets 12–30 per side, obovate to broadly cuneate, 5–12 (–15) mm, incised 1/3–1/2 to base into 3–5 oblong to ovate teeth, sometimes entire, sparsely

young, glandularity not recorded; blade broadly obovate to broadly rhombic-elliptic, the smaller ± oblong-cuneate, 1.5–2.5 (–3) cm, firm to subcoriaceous,

terminal ones oblanceolate-elliptic to narrowly obovate, (0.5–) 1–2.5 (–3.5) × 0.4–1 (–1.3) cm, margins strongly revolute, incised 3/4+ to midvein, undivided

length 20–30% blade, glabrous; blade ± narrowly obovate to broadly elliptic or rhombic-elliptic, 4–5 cm, coriaceous, base cuneate, lobes 0, or 3 or 4 per side

usually spatulate or narrowly oblong to narrowly oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 1–2.5 cm, thin (drooping or fluttering in wind), base cuneate, lobes 0

central obovate to oblanceolate-elliptic, 0.5–2 (–2.5) × 0.5–1 (–1.5) cm, petiolules 1 mm, distal 3/4 to nearly whole margin incised 1/2–3/4 to midvein, teeth

largest ones oblanceolate-elliptic to obovate, (0.5–) 1–5 (–6) × 0.5–2 (–2.5) cm, distal 1/2–3/4 of margin evenly to unevenly incised 1/3–1/2 to midvein, sometimes

broadly oblanceolate or elliptic to obovate, 1–6 (–10) × 0.7–4 (–5) cm, distal (1/2–) 2/3–3/4+ of margin usually ± evenly incised 1/4–1/3 to midvein, teeth

of leaf axis, separate, terminal ones elliptic to obovate, (1.8–) 2–2.5 (–3) × 0.8–1.3 cm, margins revolute, incised nearly to midvein, undivided medial

distal 1/2 to whole margin ± palmately incised 1/2–2/3 (+) to midvein, ultimate teeth or segments 2–5, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 2–10 (–15) × (1–)

sparse, or obscured; leaflets touching to overlapping, central broadly elliptic to obovate, 0.7–1.1 × 0.5–0.6 cm, sessile or short-petiolulate, petiolule

separated by 0–2 mm, central broadly elliptic to obovate, 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.9 cm, petiolules 1–2 mm, distal 2/3–3/4 of margin incised 1/2–3/4 to midvein, teeth (2–)

central elliptic to obovate, 1–1.5 × 0.6–1.1 cm, petiolulate, base broadly cuneate, margins flat or slightly revolute, distal ± 2/3 incised ± 1/2 to midvein

common; leaflets 5 (–7), central narrowly elliptic to obovate, 1.5–5 × 0.5–2.5 cm, distal 1/2–3/4 of margin incised 1/4–1/3 to midvein, teeth 4–8 (–13) per

3–) 0.5–0.8 (–1) cm, petiolules 0–1 mm, distal 3/4 to nearly whole margin incised 3/4+ to midvein, teeth 2–4 (–5) per side, (2–) 3–6 (–10) mm, apical tufts

terminal ones oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 3–6 × 0.8–1.2 (–1.5) cm, margins strongly revolute, incised ± 1/2 to midvein, undivided medial blade

largest ones cuneate to flabellate, 1.2–2.2 × 1–3 cm, ± whole margin unevenly incised 3/4 to nearly to midvein, ultimate segments (3–) 5–10 (–15), linear to narrowly

5–5 (–6) × 1–3.5 (–4) cm, margins flat, distal 2/3–3/4 evenly to unevenly incised ± 1/2 to midvein (often with additional incisions nearly to midvein), undivided

obovate to cuneate, 1–3 (–3.5) × 0.8–2 (–2.5) cm, distal ± 1/2 of margin incised 1/4–1/3 (–1/2) to midvein, teeth 2–4 per side, surfaces similar, green,

1–2.5 cm, margins ± flat, distal 3/4+ usually unevenly, sometimes evenly, incised 1/3–2/3 to midvein (often with 1–2 incisions nearly to midvein), teeth 5–10

5–1.5 cm, margins flat or ± revolute, distal (1/2–) 3/4+ usually evenly incised 1/2 to midvein, teeth 4–6 (–10) per side, surfaces ± dissimilar, abaxial

terminal ones oblanceolate, (2–) 3–6 (–10) × 1–2 (–3.5) cm, margins revolute, incised 3/4+ to midvein, undivided medial blade 1.5–6 mm wide, teeth 5–8 per side

5–1.5 × 0.3–0.6 cm, petiolules 1 mm, distal 1/4 (–1/3) or less of margins incised 1/2 or less to midvein, teeth (0–) 1 (–2) per side, ± separate, 1 mm, surfaces

and dentate, apex 2–5-toothed, mid-stem largest, 5–7 (–9) -lobed, usually incised ± to base, 10–25 × 10–25 cm, lobe margins coarsely dentate to laciniate

harshly stellate-hairy, adaxial usually simple-haired, basal blades shallowly incised, lobes with 3 deep crenations, cauline blades usually deeply 3–5 (–7) -lobed

flabellate, 0.5–1.5 (–2) × 0.5–1.5 cm, distal 3/4 to whole margin unevenly incised 2/3 to completely to midvein (blade often medially split as well), ultimate

leaflets obovate to oblanceolate, 0.5–1.5 × 0.3–1.2 cm, ± whole margin incised 1/2–3/4 to midvein, teeth 2–4 (–5) per side, separate to overlapping, 1–4

1–3 (–3.5) cm, margins flat, distal 1/2–3/4 unevenly, sometimes evenly, incised ± 1/2 to midvein (often with additional incisions nearly to midvein), undivided

0–2 mm, central broadly elliptic to obovate, 0.5–2 × 0.3–1.4 cm, petiolules ± 1 mm, distal 2/3 to nearly whole margin incised 2/3–3/5+ to midvein, teeth

(–4) × 0.3–3 (–3.5) cm, distal 3/4 to ± whole margin evenly to unevenly incised 1/4–1/3 (–1/2) to midvein, teeth 3–8 (–13) per side, surfaces sparsely to

narrowly so, (0.5–) 1–4 (–6) × (0.5–) 0.8–2 (–3) cm, distal 1/2 of margin incised 1/4–1/3 to midvein, teeth 2–7 per side, surfaces similar to ± dissimilar

petiolule 0–1 mm, margins flat to ± revolute, not lobed, distal ± 2/3 evenly incised ± 1/2 to midvein, teeth 2–4 (–5) per side, surfaces similar, green, hairs

margin unevenly incised 1/2 to completely to midvein (blade often medially split as well), ultimate teeth or segments 3–10, narrowly elliptic, 2–10 (–15) ×

subsessile, base cuneate, margins revolute, distal (1/3–) 1/2–2/3 (–3/4) incised 1/2–2/3 (–3/4) to midvein, teeth 2–3 (–4) per side, usually ± distant, surfaces

sparsely pubescent; on extension shoots broadly elliptic to ± orbiculate, larger, often slightly incised, strongly serrate. Inflorescences 3–6-flowered;

lobed, (0.5–) 1–1.5 × 0.5–1 cm, petiolules 0–1 mm, distal 2/3 of margins incised 1/2+ to midvein, teeth 2–5 per side, touching, 1–3 mm, surfaces ± dissimilar

mm, central narrowly obovate-elliptic, (1–) 1.5–2.5 (–3) × 0.8–1.5 cm, petiolules 0–1 mm, distal 3/4 to whole margin incised 2/3–3/4 to midvein, teeth 5–7

larger leaflets narrowly obovate, (2–) 3–7 × 1–2.5 cm, distal 3/4+ of margin incised 1/3 to midvein, teeth 6–18 per side, 1–4 mm, surfaces ± similar, abaxial

(sinuses extending less than 1/2 to midvein), distal 1/2–3/4 usually unevenly incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, teeth 3–7 per side, often secondarily toothed, surfaces

Leaves mostly basal, persistent, to 10+; stipules linearlanceolate to elliptic, 5–6 × 2 mm on proximal stem, 4–5 × 0.5 mm on distal stem; petiole 5.5–16

to obovate, (0.5–) 2–4 (–7) × 0.3–1.5 (–2.5) cm, distal ± 3/4 of margin incised 1/4–1/3 to midvein, teeth (3–) 4–12 per side, surfaces similar, green, sparsely

(0.5–) 1–2 (–2.5) × 0.5–1.2 cm, petiolules 0–1 mm, distal 3/4 of margins incised 3/4 to midvein (sometimes medially cleft as well), teeth 3–4 per side, separate

subterminal, small, lobe apex acute, on extension shoots often deeply incised, margins entire, sometimes obscurely crenate-serrate apically, gland-dotted

cuneate to obovate, 1–2.2 × 0.8–1.5 cm, distal 1/3–2/3 of margin ± evenly incised ± 1/2 to midvein, ultimate teeth 3–6, ± ovate, 2–6 × 1.5–3 mm, apical tufts

obovate-oblong, 0.5–1.5 × 0.4–0.8 cm, distal 3/4 to whole margin pinnately incised nearly to midvein, teeth (5–) 7–9, linear-oblanceolate, 2–6 × 0.5–1 mm,

5 cm, margins revolute, incised 3/4+ to midvein, undivided medial blade 2–10 mm wide, teeth (2–) 5–8 per side, ± linear-elliptic, surfaces usually ± dissimilar

Mentioned on page 513, 534. Plants 10–50 cm. Leaves: basal 2–10, blade elliptic to lanceolate, 20–90 x 5–15 mm, 2 (or 3) -pinnatifid, margins of adjacent

Flowers 25 mm diam.; sepals narrowly triangular, 7 mm; petals broadly elliptic; stamens 10; styles 3–5. Pomes red, suborbicular. Phenology: Flowering

sparse; leaflets 5–7 (–9), separate to ± overlapping, largest oblanceolate to elliptic or narrowly obovate, (1.5–) 2–7 (–10) × (0.7–) 1.5–3.5 cm, margins flat

dull green abaxially, glossy darker green adaxially, broadly elliptic-obovate to broadly elliptic or broadly oblong, 4–7 (–11) cm, herbaceous, base cuneate

Stems: twigs ± straight; thorns on twigs absent or few. Leaf-blades broadly elliptic to suborbiculate, lobes 0 or obscure, sinuses shallow (LII 0–8%). Stamens

1–6 (–9) × 1–4 cm, margins flat, distal 2/3 to nearly whole length evenly incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, undivided medial blade 6–15 mm wide, teeth 6–12 per

Treatment on page 559. Mentioned on page 560, 561. Leaf-blades broadly elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 4–7 cm (length/width = 1.2), conspicuously concavo-convex

petiole 1–2 cm, pubescence and glandularity not recorded; blade elliptic to broadly elliptic, sometimes ± narrowly ovate or rhombic, 4–6 cm, lobes 2 or 3

pubescent young, eglandular; blade narrowly obovate to oblanceolate or broadly elliptic, 4–7 cm, equal to or less than 1.5 times as long as wide, base narrowly

pinnatisect, rarely entire; ovaries latiseptate, orbicular to ovate, or elliptic; plants glabrous or pubescent. Thysanocarpus 34 Perennials or, rarely,

Leaves: petiole slender, 0.8–2 cm, glabrous, eglandular; blade broadly elliptic to obovate, 1.4–5.8 cm, base cuneate, lobes 1 or 2 per side, sinuses ±

densely glandular or stipitate-glandular; blade narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 4–6 cm (nearly mature at anthesis), base cuneate, lobes 2 or 3 per side

glabrous, eglandular, sometimes glandular (Montana); blade ± rhombic-elliptic to elliptic-obovate or broadly ovate, 3–8 cm, lobes 0, or 2 or 3 per side, lobe

cream to pale green, often suffused light red especially distally, narrowly elliptic, membranous, margins densely sessile-glandular, appearing to grade into

mollicula, and C. mollita represent forms with narrower, rhombic-elliptic, less deeply incised leaves with somewhat blunter lobes and teeth; C. hispidula, C