appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 77. Mentioned on page 43, 44, 78, 84, 89, 94, 107. Shrubs, rarely arborescent, armed with thorns or unarmed;
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 79. Mentioned on page 78, 101. Shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Branchlets thorn-tipped or not. Leaves
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 94. Mentioned on page 78, 84, 93, 95. Shrubs, evergreen. Branchlets not thorn-tipped. Leaves opposite
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2-120 straight, non-disarticulating branches. > 78 78 Spikelets with (2)3-12(20) bisexual florets Leptochloa 78 Spikelets with 2-4 florets, but only the lowest
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appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 75. Mentioned on page 20, 76, 77, 78, 89, 95, 104, 108. Shrubs or subshrubs, 1–50 (–100) dm; rhizomatous or stoloniferous
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Galen Smith Basionym: Scirpus sect. Actaegeton Reichenbach Fl. Germ. Excurs., 78. 1830 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Plants annual or rarely perennial
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tricorne, Delphinium trolliifolium (N. I. Malyutin) M. J. Warnock Phytologia 78: 92. 1995. Michael J. Warnock Basionym: Delphinium sect. Grumosa N. I. Malyutin
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on page 60. Mentioned on page 23, 24, 29, 49, 51, 61, 64, 66, 67, 71, 75, 78, 83, 86. Shrubs, 0.005–6 m, clonal by layering or rhizomes, rarely root shoots
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peripheral 1–20 (–70) florets styliferous and sterile or neuter, inner 11–78 florets usually functionally staminate, rarely bisexual and fertile; “pistillate”
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maculatum, Eutrochium purpureum, Eutrochium steelei Rafinesque New Fl. 4: 78. 1838. Eric E. Lamont Common names: Joepyeweed eupatoire Etymology: Greek
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 77, 78, 82. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 94. Mentioned on page 77, 78, 84, 98, 116. Shrubs or subshrubs, forming dense, clumped thickets, colonies
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appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 75. Mentioned on page 13, 57, 76, 78, 80. Subshrubs or shrubs. Stems erect to spreading, sometimes climbing, glabrous
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carolinianum, Delphinium madrense, Delphinium wootonii M. J. Warnock Phytologia 78: 85. 1995. Michael J. Warnock Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Roots 2-8-branched
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parviflorus, Samolus vagans Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 171. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 78. 1754 ,. Anita F. Cholewa Common names: Water pimpernel brookweed Etymology:
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pairs in some species Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 37, 38, 79, 80, 664, 665, 667. Plants small, in tufts or
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Hemitheca Braithwaite Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 47, 80, 82, 83, 84. Plants erect to prostrate, extremely
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Bot. Fenn. 5: 145, figs. 14, 15, 20, 31, 32, 35, 36, 41, 43, 47, 60, 69, 78, 81, 98, 100. 1968. Terry T. McIntosh, Steven G. Newmaster Etymology: Greek
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names: Water-shield Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Treatment on page 78. Herbs, perennial, aquatic, rhizomatous; roots adventitious; air chambers
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plant IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 78. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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photosynthetic, on substrate surface, pincushion-shaped; ring meristem absent. x = 78. North temperate region and tropical America This concept of Lycopodiella
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Nature 90: 571. 1913 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 77, 79. Leaves 1.5–3 cm; leaflets 3–7, margins deeply incised
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Manfreda sileri, Manfreda variegata, Manfreda virginica Salisbury Gen. Pl., 78. 1866. Susan Verhoek Etymology: For Manfredus de Monte Imperiale, fourteenth-century
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to incurved dry leaves Basionym: Hypnum subg. Cyrto-hypnum Hampe Flora 50: 78. 1867 Synonyms: Thuidium subg. Microthuidium Limpricht Thuidium sect. Minutula Schimper
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Goodyera 77 Plants not arising from creeping rhizomes. > 78 78 Flowers white with yellow lip. > 79 78 Flowers various, not white with yellow lip. > 80 79 Lip
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FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 72. Mentioned on page 38, 50, 52, 63, 73, 78, 664, 667. Plants small to medium-sized, in tufts or loose cushions. Stems
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23: plate 1946. 1837 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 76, 77. Stems erect, spreading with age, 5–20 dm, glabrous
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1916. George W. Argus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 29. Plants 0.02–0.25 m, (dwarf), not clonal or clonal by
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 102. Mentioned on page 78, 94, 95, 97. Shrubs, 0.1–3 m, matlike to moundlike. Stems prostrate, spreading
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IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Tellima parviflora Hooker Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 239, plate 78, fig. A. 1832 Synonyms: Lithophragma anemonoides Greene Lithophragma austromontanum A
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becoming hollow and brittle. Inflorescences racemose, with flowers (10–) 24–65 (–78) per 10 cm of raceme. Flowers: perianth at anthesis closed (not exposing stamens)
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mm. Seeds 1-3, 1.5-3 × 1-1.5 mm, tubercles in 4 longitudinal rows. 2n = ca. 78, ca. 104. Phenology: Flowering late spring–early fall, earlier and later further
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genusLeibnitzia speciesLeibnitzia lyrata (Schultz-Bipontinus) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 78: 169. 1995. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Seemann’s sunbonnet Illustrated Basionym:
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 89. Mentioned on page 76, 78, 98. Shrubs, compact, usually forming thickets; rhizomatous, rhizomes absent
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Scroph. Ind., 7. 1835 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 68, 76. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North
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(Müller Hal.) A. Jaeger Ber. Thätik. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1877 – 78: 484. 1880. Howard A. Crum† Endemic Etymology: Greek trion, three, pteron
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Tetragonia expansa Murray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 78. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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(often detectable only with magnification) tufts of tomentum in vein axils. > 78 76 Leaf blade 3–5-lobed with fewer than 10 awns. Quercus georgiana 77 Cup
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 44. Mentioned on page 78. Illustrator: Marjorie C. Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 20. Mentioned on page 3, 17, 23, 39, 43, 78, 82, 83, 101, 102. Perennials [subshrubs, shrubs], 3–300 cm (rhizomatous,
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Taxa Conopholis alpina, Conopholis americana Wallroth Orobanches Gen. Diask., 78. 1825. L. Turner Collins, Alison E. L. Colwell, George Yatskievych Common
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 99. Mentioned on page 78, 96, 97, 98, 101, 106, 107. Shrubs, 0.5–3.5 m. Stems erect, ascending, or
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appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 43. Mentioned on page 19, 39, 78, 79, 102. Perennials, 40–200 cm (rhizomatous or with short woody crowns).
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Missouri Bot. Gard. 78: 1009–1021. Hershkovitz, M. A. 1991b. Leaf morphology of Cistanthe Spach (Portulacaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78: 1022–1060. Hinton
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 97. Mentioned on page 78, 94, 95, 96, 98. Shrubs, 1.5–6 m. Stems erect to ascending, not rooting at
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 78, 80. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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Carpobrotus chilensis, Carpobrotus edulis N. E. Brown Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 78: 433. 1925. Nancy J. Vivrette Common names: Fig-marigold Etymology: Greek
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 80. Mentioned on page 77, 78, 81. Plants caulescent, 40–200 cm; fibrous-rooted. Stems terete to slightly
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depauperatum, Delphinium distichum, Delphinium uliginosum M. J. Warnock Phytologia 78: 84. 1995. Michael J. Warnock Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Roots 2-8-branched
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 80. Mentioned on page 78, 82. Plants caulescent, 30–250 cm; fibrous-rooted. Stems terete, scabrous
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Prairie-dock Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 77. Plants scapiform, (40–) 100–250+ cm; taprooted. Stems
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albiflorus, Ceanothus jepsonii var. jepsonii Greene Man. Bot. San Francisco, 78. 1894. Clifford L. Schmidt†, Dieter H. Wilken Common names: Jepson’s ceanothus
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in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 77. Mentioned on page 12, 52, 70, 71, 78. Perennials (perhaps flowering first-year, usually rhizomatous), (10–) 30–60
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 79. Mentioned on page 78. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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and writer on medicine Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 76, 77, 7. Subshrubs [herbs or shrubs], perennial. Roots
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speciesCalydorea coelestina (W. Bartram) Goldblatt & Henrich Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78: 510. 1991. Peter Goldblatt Common names: Celestial-lily Bartram’s ixia I
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(–25) mm; blade elliptic-oblong to suborbiculate or obovate, (27–) 38–59 (–78) × (19–) 26–43 (–55) mm, base rounded to subcordate, each margin with (0–)
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Province, extending south in coastal ranges. > 78 78 Inner tepal margins denticulate, crisped. Allium crispum 78 Inner tepal margins entire to denticulate,
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multiplex, Delphinium polycladon, Delphinium viridescens M. J. Warnock Phytologia 78: 81. 1995. Michael J. Warnock Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Roots 2-6-branched
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speciesGaleandra bicarinata G. A. Romero & P. M. Brown N. Amer. Native Orchid J. 6: 78, fig. 1. 2000. Gustavo A. Romero-González Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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tubulosum, Triadenum virginicum, Triadenum walteri Rafinesque Fl. Tellur. 3: 78. 1837. Norman K. B. Robson Common names: Marsh St. John’s wort Etymology:
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apex acute or obtuse; beak purple-brown, 0.3–0.4 mm, papery. 2n = 72, 74, 78, 80. Phenology: Fruiting Jul–Aug. Habitat: Marshes, shallow water along shores
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Wyoming > 78 78 Fruits papery, strongly inflated; basal leaf blades orbicular to broadly obovate, abruptly narrowing to petioles. Physaria macrocarpa 78 Fruits
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Baird. 1995. Comments on “The Chrysothamnus–Ericameria connection.” Phytologia 78: 61–65. Roberts, R. P. 2002. Phylogeny of Ericameria, Chrysothamnus and Related
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genusConopholis speciesConopholis americana (Linnaeus) Wallroth Orobanches Gen. Diask., 78. 1825. L. Turner Collins, Alison E. L. Colwell, George Yatskievych Common
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genusAptenia Show Lower Taxa Aptenia cordifolia N. E. Brown Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 78: 412. 1925. Nancy J. Vivrette Etymology: Greek a- , not, and pt enos, winged
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speciesMyosurus apetalus varietyMyosurus apetalus var. borealis Whittemore Novon 4: 78. 1994. Alan T. Whittemore EndemicIllustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 3. Mentioned on page 20, 23, 39, 78, 102, 108, 257. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, or trees
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Arctostaphylos pilosula 78 Leaves overlapping; plants prostrate to erect shrubs, 0.1-2 m; (Santa Rosa Island, California). Arctostaphylos confertiflora 78 Leaves not
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1–70, styliferous and sterile, corolla laminae 1.1–12 mm; disc-florets 11–78, functionally staminate; style-branches 0–2.3 mm, papillate or hairy). Pistillate
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ambiquë Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 64, 65, 72, 77, 79. Illustrator: Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright:
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IllustratedEndemicConservation concern Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 66, 68, 77, 79. Illustrator: Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright:
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in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 76. Mentioned on page 65, 73, 72, 77, 78. Illustrator: Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright: Flora of North America Association
12 KB (1,208 words) - 01:22, 30 July 2020
H. Holmgren Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 79. Calyces glandular. 2n = 16. Phenology: Flowering May–Jul
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called chaptalization Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 12, 14, 57, 70, 71, 80. Perennials, 3–40 (–100) cm (fibrous-rooted
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Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 17–78 cm. Leaf-blades 2–4 mm wide. Inflorescences: peduncle of proximal spike 1
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proximal cauline, blade oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate or spatulate, 12–78 × 2–18 mm, surfaces glabrous or glabrate; cauline 1–3 pairs, blade narrowly
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Inflorescences: terminal raceme (5–) 14–27 (–40) cm; flowers (24–) 44–51 (–78) per 10 cm of raceme. Seeds dark gray-green to black, 4–6 mm. 2n = 52. Phenology:
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genusStebbinsoseris speciesStebbinsoseris heterocarpa (Nuttall) K. L. Chambers Amer. J. Bot. 78: 1024. 1991. Kenton L. Chambers Common names: Grassland or derived silverpuffs
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glabrous; beak 0.3–0.6 mm, emarginate to weakly bidentulate, teeth to 0.2 mm. 2n = 78. Phenology: Fruiting Jun–Aug. Habitat: Open swamps, wet, open thickets, marsh
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Show Lower Taxa Conicosia pugioniformis N. E. Brown Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 78: 433. 1925. John E. Bleck Etymology: Greek konikos, cone-shaped, in reference
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robinsonii L. M. Perry Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 77. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora
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genusDelosperma Show Lower Taxa Delosperma litorale N. E. Brown Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 78: 412. 1925. John E. Bleck Etymology: Greek delos, visible, and sperma, seed
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Illustrated Basionym: Brodiaea palmeri S. Watson Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 78. 1889 Synonyms: Triteleia palmeri (S. Watson) Greene Treatment appears in
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oblanceoloid, 3.8–4 × 2.5–3.1 mm; beak toward abaxial margin, erect, 0.5–1.1 mm. 2n = 78. Phenology: Flowering summer–fall. Habitat: Brackish to alkaline waters of
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manzanita Endemic Basionym: Arctostaphylos sonomensis Eastwood Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 78. 1933 Synonyms: Arctostaphylos canescens var. sonomensis (Eastwood) J. E.
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 86. Mentioned on page 78. Shrubs, forming dense clumps and thickets; stoloniferous. Stems ± climbing
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Stebbinsoseris decipiens, Stebbinsoseris heterocarpa K. L. Chambers Amer. J. Bot. 78: 1024. 1991. Kenton L. Chambers Common names: Silverpuffs Etymology: For G
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pubescent; ligules 0.7-2.5 mm; blades to 64 cm long, about 12 mm wide. Panicles 15-78 cm long, 1.7-26.4 cm wide; branches to 33 cm, erect to strongly divergent
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page 78, 82. Subshrubs, forming dense patches; rhizomatous, rhizomes long. Stems erect
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 88. Mentioned on page 77, 78. Shrubs, single or forming patches; rhizomatous, rhizomes relatively long
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virginicum (Linnaeus) Aiton f. Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 75, 77. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 82. Mentioned on page 78, 81, 83. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 87. Mentioned on page 78. Shrubs, evergreen, forming dense thickets; rhizomatous, rhizomes relatively
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FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 514. Mentioned on page 512, 523. Plants 15–78 cm. Leaves: basal 5–25, blade elliptic, 60–150 (or 200–250) x 3–23 mm, 1-pinnatifid
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mm. Achenes obovate to elliptic, 2.1–2.5 × 1.6–2 mm, 0.7–1 mm thick. 2n = 78. Phenology: Fruiting spring–summer. Habitat: Dry, acidic, sandy soils of open
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oblanceolate to spatulate, rarely ovate or obovate, (3.7–) 5–31 (–54) cm × (12–) 16–78 (–140) mm, margins usually entire, rarely dentate or repand. Cauline leaves
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Gray Calianthus Nuttall Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 19. Perennials, 5–90 (–100) cm (in ± extensive, open clones
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pisifera, Crataegus succulenta var. succulenta Schrader ex Link Handbuch 2: 78. 1831. James B. Phipps Common names: Succulent hawthorn aubépine succulente
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 82. Mentioned on page 78, 84. Shrubs, sometimes forming thickets; stoloniferous. Stems erect to procumbent
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rhombic, suborbiculate to broadly ovate, rarely oblongelliptic, (8–) 12–50 (–78) × (4–) 8–35 (–64) mm, membranous to coriaceous, base cuneate to rounded,
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villifera), smooth to rugose or wrinkled, or with transverse ridges. > 78 78 Stems erect to ascending. > 79 79 Stems glabrous; stipules triangular; involucral
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pilose-woolly, hairs white, turning reddish-brown with age. Seeds 4–5 mm. 2n = 26, 52, 78. Phenology: Flowering year-round, following rains. Habitat: Creosote-bush
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microphyllus (A. Gray) D. D. Keck Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 77. Plants canescent. Flowers: caly× 5.5–9 mm, lobes lanceolate
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 79. Mentioned on page 76, 78. Stems erect, virgate with age, 5–15 dm, glabrous when young, glaucous. Leaves
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glabrisepala (D. D. Keck) Straw Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 76. Calyces glabrous. Phenology: Flowering May–Jul. Habitat:
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H. Zander Basionym: Neckera viticulosoides P. Beauvois Prodr. Aethéogam., 78. 1805 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 575. Generated
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mm; cypselae 1–2.5 mm Packera streptanthifolia 78 Basal leaves: blades orbiculate to broadly ovate > 79 78 Basal leaves: blades narrowly elliptic, narrowly
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winged in some woody vines]. Worldwide Genera 23, species 1000–1100 (2 genera, 78 species in the flora). The Violaceae is predominantly tropical with worldwide
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D. d’Orbigny in A. D. d’Orbigny,Voyage dans l'Amérique Méridionale 7(3): 78. 1844; 8(1): plate 9, fig. 1. 1842. Scott Zona IntroducedIllustrated Treatment
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Show Lower Taxa Racomitrium lanuginosum Bridel Muscol. Recent., suppl. 4: 78. 1818 ,. Ryszard Ochyra, Halina Bednarek-Ochyra Etymology: Greek rhakos, rag
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subgenusGrimmia subg. Grimmia speciesGrimmia plagiopodia Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond., 78, plate 15, figs. 6–13. 1801,. Roxanne I. Hastings, Henk C. Greven Synonyms:
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Association Culms densely tufted, ascending, lax or, occasionally, decumbent, 13–78 cm × 0.8–1 mm. Leaves: basal sheaths purple or purple-tinged; sheaths 2–42
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flowers: staminodes to 0.8 mm; pistils to 2 mm. Drupes red, 5-8 mm diam. 2n = 78. Phenology: Flowering late spring–early fall. Habitat: Woodland and shrub
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glabrescent adaxially; largest medial blade very narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 38–78 × 7–18 mm, base cuneate or convex, margins slightly revolute, serrulate, apex
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verticillasters 3–6 (–8), cymes 2–6-flowered, 2 per node; proximal bracts ovate, 20–78 × 8–74 mm; peduncles and pedicels densely glandular-pubescent. Flowers: calyx
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obtuse or acute, sometimes mucronate; cauline 4–6 pairs, sessile, (16–) 20–78 × 3–24 mm, blade ovate to elliptic or lanceolate, base clasping to cordate-clasping
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biconvex, obovoid to obpyriform, 1.9–2.6 × 1.3–1.7 mm; beak 0.1–0.3 mm. 2n = 78. Phenology: Fruiting late spring–summer. Habitat: Brackish, coastal shores
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replum rounded; septum complete, (deeply partitioned between seeds); ovules 78–120 per ovary; style distinct; stigma capitate, deeply 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 82. Mentioned on page 78, 80. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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sectionPenstemon sect. Baccharifolii speciesPenstemon baccharifolius Hooker Bot. Mag. 78: plate 4627. 1852. Craig C. Freeman Common names: Baccharis-leaf beardtongue
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IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Carex pseudoscirpoidea Rydberg Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 78. 1900 Synonyms: Carex scirpoidea var. pseudoscirpoidea (Rydberg) Cronquist
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Show Lower Taxa Solidago rugosa var. aspera (Aiton) Cronquist Rhodora 49: 78. 1947. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Endemic Basionym: Solidago aspera Aiton
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genusEricameria speciesEricameria lignumviridis (S. L. Welsh) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 78: 64. 1995. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Loran C. Anderson, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt
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(–40) indurate annulus cells. Spores 32 per sporangium, 70–100 µm diam. 2n = 78. Habitat: Aquatic to semiaquatic, in swamps, bogs, canals, ponds, lakes, ditches
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(Müller Hal.) A. Jaeger Ber. Thätik. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1877 – 78: 484. 1880. Howard A. Crum† EndemicIllustrated Basionym: Hypnum leucocladulum Müller
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spheric; sepals sometimes 2-fid at apices > 78 78 Twigs, pedicels, and hypanthial exteriors glabrous. Prunus umbellata 78 Twigs, pedicels, and hypanthial exteriors
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the Stellaria longipes Goldie complex—Variation in wild populations. Rhodora 78: 488–501. Chinnappa, C. C. and J. K. Morton. 1984. Studies on the Stellaria
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aborted late in development. 2n = 36, 42, 56, 60, 62-68, 70, ca. 72, 74-76, 78-80, 82-84, 86, 88, 99, 106. Generated Map Legacy Map Mont., Wyo., Colo., N
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Asia, Africa, especially from Mediterranean to c Asia Genera 4, species ca. 78 (1 genus, 8 species in the flora). Tamaricaceae have traditionally been placed
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 80. Mentioned on page 78, 79. Shrubs forming dense, low thickets. Stems erect, rarely arching, 2.5–8
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names: Mexican lovegrass Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 78. Plants annual; cespitose, without innovations. Culms 10-130 cm, erect, sometimes
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Achenes elliptic to oblong, 1.6–2.2 × 1.1–1.6 mm, 0.5 mm thick. 2n = 76, 78. Phenology: Fruiting spring. Habitat: Dry to mesic prairies, open woodlands
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Cereus subsect. Hylocer eus A. Berger Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 78. 1905 Synonyms: Wilmattea Britton & Rose Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4
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white and ferruginous. Catkins (fruiting in summer, persistent); staminate 21–78 × 8–15 mm, flowering branchlet 3–27 mm; pistillate moderately to very densely
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 77. Mentioned on page 74, 76, 78, 79, 80, 82. Plants perennial, mat-forming, rhizomatous. Stems prostrate or
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FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 74. Mentioned on page 64, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78. Illustrator: Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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Systematic anatomy of vegetative organs of the Hydrocharitaceae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 78: 237--266. Catling, P. M. and W. G. Dore. 1982. Status and identification
11 KB (422 words) - 00:55, 30 July 2020
apex rounded to slightly truncate, dull; style base straight to bent. 2n = 78, 79. Phenology: Fruiting Jun–Aug. Habitat: Saline, brackish shores, swales
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Californicae speciesIris purdyi Eastwood Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, 1: 78, plate 7, fig. 2. 1897. Norlan C. Henderson Common names: Purdy’s iris Endemic
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 80. Mentioned on page 78, 84, 98. Plants moderate to small-sized, weak-stemmed to spawling; green,
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margins, apex truncate to retuse, dull; style base straight, rarely bent. 2n = 78, 80–83. Phenology: Fruiting Jun–Aug. Habitat: Saline shores, salt marshes
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beak (0.6–) 0.8–1.6 mm, firm, bidentulate, teeth straight, 0.4–0.8 mm. 2n = 78. Phenology: Fruiting May–Aug. Habitat: Wet to dry meadows, marshes, stream
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oblong-obovate or elliptic, obovate, ovate, or suborbiculate, (8–) 12–50 (–78) × (4–) 8–35 (–64) mm, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, margins serrate or dentate
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Illustrator: Linda Ann Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Culms (28) 41-78 (96) cm long, 0.6-1 mm thick; nodes densely pilose; internodes glabrous or
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branches distal, distal longest, antrorse, straight, hairy. Leaves: blade 13.8–78 × 3.8–20 mm, widest intersinus distance 2.5–15.8 mm; proximal oblanceolate
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ciliate, apices acuminate, faces glabrous or sparsely hairy. Heads (1–) 3–33 (–78). Peduncles 1–10 mm (leafless or nearly so), sparsely to moderately canescent;
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apex truncate to retuse, glossy; style base bent, rarely straight. 2n = 77, 78, 79. Phenology: Fruiting Jul–Sep. Habitat: Saline or brackish shores Elevation:
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rosettes solitary to cespitose, 7.5–10 × 7.5–10 dm, open. Leaves erect, 76–78 × 10–11 cm; blade glaucous-green to dark green, lightly cross-zoned, lanceolate
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familyAndreaeaceae genusAndreaea speciesAndreaea obovata Thedenius Nya Bot. Not. 1849: 78, plate 1, figs. 27–36. 1849,. Richard H. Zander Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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speciesAquilegia laramiensis A. Nelson Wyoming Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 28: 78-79. 1896. Alan T. Whittemore Common names: Laramie columbine Conservation
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varietyAquilegia coerulea var. alpina A. Nelson Wyoming Agaric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 28: 78. 1896. Alan T. Whittemore Conservation concernEndemic Treatment appears in
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speciesAbronia argillosa S. L. Welsh & Goodrich Great Basin Naturalist 40: 78, fig. 1. 1980. Leo A. Galloway Common names: Clay sand-verbena Endemic Treatment
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desert-sunflower Basionym: Encelia viscida A. Gray Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 78. 1876 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 122. Perennials
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more indurate annulus cells. Spores 16 per sporangium, 107–150 µm diam. 2n = 78. Habitat: Aquatic to semiaquatic, lakes and ponds Elevation: 0 m Generated
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 79. Mentioned on page 78. Leaf-blades not lobed (margins entire or toothed). 2n = 14. Phenology: Flowering
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Carolina 2: 462. 1823 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 78. Leaves pinnately lobed (lobes to 13, sinuses relatively shallow to deep,
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Basionym: Hasseanthus blochmaniae subsp. insularis Moran Desert Pl. Life 22: 78, fig. 3. 1950 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 194. Mentioned
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piloso-strigose or hirsute Symphyotrichum oolentangiense 77 Leaf faces glabrous > 78 78 Plants cespitose (glaucous); proximal and distal leaf margins usually entire
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2n = 34, 42, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 56, 56, 57, 58, 60, 63, 64, 65, 70, 75, 78, ca. 100. Generated Map Legacy Map Wash., Maine, N.H., Vt., Wis., Idaho, Oreg
14 KB (1,385 words) - 03:23, 30 July 2020
biogeographic divergence in Oxystylis and Wislizenia (Capparaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 78: 925–937. Woodson, R. E. Jr. 1948. Gynandropsis, Cleome, and Podandrogyne
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IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Scirpus tortilis Link Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1(3): 78. 1820 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 92. Mentioned
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asprella, Sidalcea asprella subsp. nana Greene Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 78. 1885. Steven R. Hill EndemicIllustrated Synonyms: Sidalcea malviflora subsp
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in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 76. Mentioned on page 65, 72, 73, 75, 78. Illustrator: Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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compressed obtusely trigonous, obovoid, 1.8–2.8 × 1.3–2 mm; beak 0.1–0.3 mm. 2n = 78. Phenology: Fruiting spring–summer (south), summer (north). Habitat: Brackish
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obovoid to obpyriform, (2–) 2.5–3.5 × 1.3–2.3 mm; beak 0.1–0.5 mm. 2n = 74, 78. Phenology: Fruiting spring–summer (south), summer (north). Habitat: Fresh
12 KB (1,153 words) - 02:02, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 76, 77, 78, 80, 82, 86. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America
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Basal leaves 0.7–7 cm wide > 78 78 Cauline leaves not decurrent; Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah. Cirsium wheeleri 78 Cauline leaves evidently decurrent
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embryo usually curved. Widespread in temperate and tropical regions Genera ca. 78, species ca. 525 (4 genera, 5 species in the flora). None. Calycocarpum, Cissampelos
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Eragrostis neomexicana Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 78. Illustrator: Cindy Roché, Linda A. Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 103. Mentioned on page 78, 95, 102. Shrubs, 0.5–1 m, often moundlike. Stems erect to ascending, not
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Basionym: Zigadenus fremontii var. brevibracteatus M. E. Jones Contr. W. Bot. 12: 78. 1908 (as Zygadenus) Synonyms: Toxicoscordion brevibracteatus (M. E. Jones)
5 KB (439 words) - 06:10, 30 July 2020
Hultén Cerastium squalidum Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 78. Plants perennial, tufted or mat-forming, taprooted or rhizomatous. Flowering
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 78. Plants caulescent 80–150 (–180) cm; fibrous-rooted. Stems terete, scabrous
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tribe Astereae genusGrindelia speciesGrindelia grandiflora Hooker Bot. Mag. 78: plate 4628. 1852. John L. Strother, Mark A. Wetter Treatment appears in FNA
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White rosinweed Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 77. Plants scapiform, 20–75 cm; taprooted. Stems terete
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familySplachnaceae genusTayloria speciesTayloria acuminata Hornschuch Flora 8: 78. 1825. Paul C. Marino Synonyms: Tayloria serrata subsp. acuminata (Hornschuch)
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bicolor subsp. calcicola M. J. Warnock & Vanderhorst in M. J. Warnock Phytologia 78: 90. 1995. Michael J. Warnock Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Flowers:
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varietyTetraneuris acaulis var. epunctata (A. Nelson) Kartesz & Gandhi Phytologia 78: 2. 1995. Mark W. Bierner, Billie L. Turner Endemic Basionym: Tetraneuris
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Basionym: Kuhnia eupatorioides var. corymbulosa Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer. 2: 78. 1841 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 499. Mentioned
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Eragrostis orcuttiana Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 78. Illustrator: Cindy Roché, Linda A. Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 78. Plants slender to robust. Flowering-stems often branched, 25–45 cm. Leaves
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subsect. Bicoloria speciesDelphinium basalticum M. J. Warnock Phytologia 78: 91. 1995. Michael J. Warnock Common names: Columbia Gorge larkspur Conservation
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genusGutierrezia speciesGutierrezia wrightii A. Gray Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 78. 1853. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Wright’s snakeweed Illustrated Synonyms:
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 80. Mentioned on page 78. Plants slender. Flowering-stems simple, 20–50 cm. Leaves in basal rosette
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alpinum John K. Morton Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 78. Plants perennial, tufted, forming clumps or mats, taprooted, stoloniferous
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 79. Mentioned on page 78. Plants stout. Flowering-stems simple, 40–60 cm. Leaves in basal rosette and
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 78. Plants caulescent, 40–160 cm; fibrous-rooted. Stems terete, shaggy-hispid
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 78. Plants slender. Flowering-stems simple, 20–40 cm. Leaves in basal rosette
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speciesStebbinsoseris decipiens (K. L. Chambers) K. L. Chambers Amer. J. Bot. 78: 1025. 1991. Kenton L. Chambers Common names: Santa Cruz silverpuffs Endemic
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(Linnaeus) Schur Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 78. 1853. William J. Crins Common names: Trichophore cespiteux Basionym: Scirpus
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 103. Mentioned on page 78, 94, 95, 96, 102, 104, 105. Shrubs, 0.5–1.5 m, sometimes moundlike. Stems
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galioides M. michauxii Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 75, 79. Shrubs, erect, forming rounded clumps, 5–15 dm
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Basionym: Machaeranthera canescens var. nebraskana B. L. Turner Phytologia 60: 78. 1986 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 401. Mentioned
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achene, apex notched 0.7–1.5 mm adaxially. Achenes 3–4.5 × 2.3–3 mm. 2n = 74, 78. Phenology: Fruiting spring–summer. Habitat: Sandy beaches along seacoasts
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tomentose; bracts tipped by awn 4–5mm, exceeding mature scales by ca. 6mm. Pollen 78–93µm diam. Seeds yellow to purple, body 3mm, wing 6mm. Habitat: Subalpine
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maritima Müller Hal. & Kindberg Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 73, 74. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora
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or serrulate margins. Salix pseudomyrsinites 78 Floral bracts tawny; ovaries obclavate. Salix pyrifolia 78 Floral bracts usually brown or black; ovaries
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spots, adaxials maroon-purple), tube-throats (5–)6–15 mm; calyx ribs weak. > 78 78 Corolla tube-throats cylindric to funnelform, lateral lobes entire or shallowly
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species of Campyloneurum and a provisional key to the genus. Amer. Fern J. 78: 14--34. Campyloneurum angustifolium, Campyloneurum costatum, Campyloneurum
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IllustratedEndemicConservation concern Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 63. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America
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linear-lanceolate to ovate-triangular. Capsules purplish black. 2n = 52–107, mostly 52, 78, or 104. Phenology: Flowering late spring–summer. Habitat: Grassy places along
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speciesDicranum muehlenbeckii Bruch & Schimper Bryol. Europ. 1: 142, plate 78. 1847,. Robert R. Ireland Jr. Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment
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genusSilene speciesSilene acaulis (Linnaeus) Jacquin Enum. Stirp. Vindob., 78, 242. 1762. John K. Morton Common names: Moss campion silène acaule Illustrated
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Hultén Salix crassijulis Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 24, 28, 63, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 80, 81, 82
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2n = 42, 44+f, ca. 48, 56, ca. 62, 63, ca. 66, ca. 68, 70, ca. 72, ca. 74, 78, ca. 80, 81, 82, ca. 83, 84-86, ca. 87, ca. 88, ca. 90, ca. 91, 93, ca. 94
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(The species of West Indies, Central and South America). Annot. Zool. Bot. 78. Wooten, J. W. 1973. Taxonomy of seven species of Sagittaria from eastern
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densiflorum (Pursh) A. Gray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 75, 76. Shrubs, erect, forming slender bush, 6–30 dm. Stems:
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reddish, ovate, 0.2–0.3 mm. Achenes dark-brown, lenticular, 2–2.2 mm. 2n = (76, 78), 80, (84). Phenology: Flowering Mar–May. Habitat: Sandy soil, mesas and hills
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teeth straight, to 0.3 mm. Stigmas 2. Achenes yellow, biconvex, smooth. 2n = 78, 80. Phenology: Fruiting summer. Habitat: Fens, bogs, wet tundra, roadside
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brown, oblong, (1.8–) 2.1–2.5 (–2.6) × (1.2–) 1.3–1.5 (–1.6) mm. 2n = 62, 78. Phenology: Fruiting spring–summer (late Apr–late Jul). Habitat: Acidic, dry
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Macrocline speciesRudbeckia nitida Nuttall J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 78. 1834. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Patricia B. Cox Common names: Shiny coneflower St
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Melanthium racemosum Michaux Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 77. Rhizomes 0.5–1.5 × 0.5–1 cm; bulbs 0.6–1.7 cm. Stems
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speciesCrataegus ×atrorubens Crataegus ×atrorubens Ashe J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 16: 78. 1900. James B. Phipps Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 83. Mentioned on page 78, 80, 82, 84, 90. Plants small to moderate-sized, unbranched or sparsely branched;
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somewhat compressed, 0.6–0.7 mm, obscurely sculptured (50×). 2n = 26, ca. 52, 78. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Dwarf willow communities, fell-fields
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sect. Quercus speciesQuercus polymorpha Schlechtendal & Chamisso Linnaea 5: 78. 1830. Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Net-leaf white oak Illustrated Treatment
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appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 75. Mentioned on page 74, 76, 78. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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puberulent. 2n = 34, 42, 44, 47, 48, ca. 49, 50, 56, 60, 63, 64, 65, 70, 75, 78. Poa glauca subsp. glauca is the widespread and common subspecies in the Northern
4 KB (1,212 words) - 03:23, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 79. Mentioned on page 77, 78. Rhizomes 0.6–3 × 0.5–1.2 cm; bulbs 1–1.6 cm. Stems 2/3–4/5 floriferous, 0
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tortuous, terete, (1.8–) 3.3–8 (–10) cm × (0.7–) 1–1.5 (–1.8) mm; ovules 50–78 per ovary; style usually cylindrical, rarely subclavate, (0.5–) 0.7–1.5 (–3)
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 77. Mentioned on page 75, 76, 78. Shrubs, erect, forming large clumps, 9–15 (–20) dm. Stems: internodes 4-lined
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varietyEricameria nauseosa var. oreophila (A. Nelson) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird Phytologia 78: 64. 1995. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Loran C. Anderson, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt
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genusBidens speciesBidens polylepis S. F. Blake Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 35: 78. 1922. John L. Strother, Ronald R. Weedon Endemic Basionym: Coreopsis involucrata Nuttall
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sect. Quercus speciesQuercus stellata Wangenheim Beytr. Teut. Forstwiss., 78, plate 6, fig. 15. 1787. Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Post oak EndemicIllustrated
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 79. Mentioned on page 78, 80. Plants slender. Flowering-stems simple, 15–30 cm. Leaves in basal rosette
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 80. Mentioned on page 78, 81. Plants robust. Flowering-stems simple, 20–55 cm. Leaves in basal rosette
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8 mm. Achenes light-brown, globose-lenticular, 3–4.5 mm. 2n = (72, 74, 76, 78), 80, (82, 84, 86, 88, 90). Phenology: Flowering May–Jul. Habitat: Sandy places
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 79. Mentioned on page 77, 78. Rhizomes 1.5–2 × 0.5–1 cm; bulbs 1–1.6 cm. Stems 1/2–2/3 floriferous, 0.7–1
7 KB (662 words) - 06:02, 30 July 2020
speciesFontinalis sullivantii Lindberg Öfvers. Finska Vetensk.-Soc. Förh. 12: 78. 1870. Bruce Allen Synonyms: Fontinalis dichelymoides Lindberg F. disticha
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speciesBoechera polyantha (Greene) Windham & Al-Shehbaz Harvard Pap. Bot. 11: 78. 2006. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, Michael D. Windham Basionym: Arabis polyantha Greene
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Coccineae) ser. Apricae speciesCrataegus mira Beadle Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 78. 1902. James B. Phipps EndemicIllustrated Synonyms: Crataegus alleghaniensis
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Carlquist, S. 2000. Wood and bark anatomy of Achatocarpaceae. Sida 19: 71–78. Eliasson, U. H. 1993. Achatocarpaceae. In: G. Harling et al., eds. 1973+
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branches appressed, ascending, or diverging up to 70°, 0.2-13 cm long. > 74 78 Ligules 10-35 mm long, firm and brown basally, membranous distally; glumes
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the flora). Chromosome numbers of 2n = 18, 24, 26, 36, 40, 50, 52, 56, 58, 78, 80, 84, 86, 90, 92, and 96 have been reported for Scrophularia. Base chromosome
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tribes, 136 genera, and 892 species are native to the Flora region; 2 tribes, 78 genera, and 290 species have become established in the region. The remaining
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variation in the subtribe Microseridinae (Asteraceae: Lactuceae). Amer. J. Bot. 78: 1015–1027. Kim, S. C., D. J. Crawford, and R. K. Jansen. 1996. Phylogenetic
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Taxonomic revision of Aloina, Aloinella and Crossidium (Musci). Bryologist 78: 245–303. Aloina aloides, Aloina bifrons, Aloina brevirostris, Aloina hamulus
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Taxonomic revision of Aloina, Aloinella and Crossidium (Musci). Bryologist 78: 245–303. Crossidium aberrans, Crossidium crassinervium, Crossidium seriatum
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concept in Pteridophyta with special reference to Isoëtes. Amer. Fern J. 79: 78--89. Kott, L. S. and D. M. Britton. 1983. Spore morphology and taxonomy of
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derivations of the agamosporous taxa and a revised taxonomy. Amer. Fern J. 78: 44--67. Tryon, A. F. 1957. A revision of the fern genus Pellaea section Pellaea
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fruit length ratio. For Z. palustris in Europe the mean rostrum length is 0.78 ± 0.20deletion} mm, the mean podogyne length is 0.4 ± 0.19 mm, and the rostrum
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menziesii subspeciesDelphinium menziesii subsp. pallidum M. J. Warnock Phytologia 78: 96. 1995. Michael J. Warnock Common names: White-flowered Menzies' larkspur
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Basionym: Parnassia intermedia Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 78. 1905 Synonyms: P. fimbriata var. hoodiana C. L. Hitchcock P. fimbriata var
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Endemic Basionym: Pellaea glabella var. missouriensis Gastony Amer. Fern J. 78: 64. 1988 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Some ultimate segments (especially
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 97. Mentioned on page 78, 94, 95. Shrubs, 1–3 m. Stems erect to ascending, not rooting at nodes; branchlets
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varietyMyosurus apetalus var. montanus (G. R. Campbell) Whittemore Novon 4: 78. 1994. Alan T. Whittemore Endemic Basionym: Myosurus minimus subsp. montanus G
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well-differentiated, not extending to costa; proximal laminal cells elongate, pitted, (45–) 78–129 (–156) × (5–) 9–10 (–14) µm; distal laminal cells shorter, sinuose, pitted
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white, ovate, 0.4–0.5 mm. Achenes brown, globose-lenticular, 2–3 mm. 2n = (78), 80, (82). Phenology: Flowering Apr–Jul. Habitat: Sandy to gravelly talus
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arcticum (Lange) P. S. Lusby Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Mentioned on page 77, 78, 79, 82. Plants perennial, loosely mat-forming but not pulvinate, rhizomatous
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