by persistent primary leaves or leaf-bases; longest internodes less than 1cm; buds conspicuous. Roots fibrous to woody, unspecialized. Leaves (needles)
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in FNA Volume 2. Roots usually 10 or less, blackish, 1–4 mm diam. 1cm from base. Plants over 12 cm. Common stalk lacking idioblasts. Trophophore erect,
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spreading-ascending; twigs stout (to 2cm thick), orangebrown, aging darker orangebrown, rough. Buds ovoid, to 2cm, fully 1cm broad, redbrown, very resinous;
9 KB (634 words) - 00:23, 30 July 2020
ovoid, dark redbrown, to 1.2cm, slightly resinous. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 3–8 years, 2–8cm × 0.7–2 (–3) mm, twisted
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olive-brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, somewhat flattened, smooth. x =8. North America, Europe, Asia Species 8 (1 in the flora). The seven Asian species are sometimes segregated
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appears in FNA Volume 2. Roots 20–30, yellow to brown, 0.6–1 mm diam. 1cm from base. Plants over 6 cm. Common stalk with tracheidal idioblasts. Trophophore
5 KB (422 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
cylindric, redbrown, 0.6–0.9cm, resinous. Leaves 2 (–3) per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 3 years, 3–6 (–8) cm × 1–1.5mm, twisted, deep yellow-green
6 KB (508 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
conic-ovoid, redbrown, 0.6–1.1cm, resinous. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading to ascending-upcurved, persisting 2–4 years, 4–6 (–8) cm × 2mm, strongly twisted
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Arctotideae (Compositae). Aliso 6(2): 1–23. Carlquist, S. 1976. Tribal interrelationships and phylogeny of the Asteraceae. Aliso 8: 465–492. Cronquist, A. 1955
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
perennial, stout-rhizomatous. Stems 1-4, 5-35 cm at anthesis (10-40 cm at fruiting time). Leaves: basal leaves scalelike, 1cm, sessile; proximal cauline leaves
6 KB (426 words) - 08:46, 30 July 2020
ovoid-acuminate, pale redbrown, ca. 1cm, resinous. Leaves 5 per fascicle, upcurved, persisting 10–17 years, (2–) 3–4cm × 0.8–1mm, mostly connivent, deep blue-green
7 KB (508 words) - 00:31, 30 July 2020
light-redbrown, 0.5–0.7cm, resinous; scale margins fringed. Leaves 1 (–2) per fascicle, ascending, persisting 4–6 (–10) years, 2–6cm × 1.3–2 (–2.5) mm, curved
7 KB (500 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
0.5–1cm, slightly resinous; scale margins finely fringed. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading to ascending, persisting 2–3 years, 4–8 (–10) cm × 0.7–1.2mm
8 KB (518 words) - 00:25, 30 July 2020
0.6–1cm, resinous or not resinous; scale margins white-fringed. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading or ascending, persisting 3–4 years, 2–8cm × 1–1.5mm,
7 KB (524 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
lanceoloid before opening, ovoid-cylindric when open, 8–15cm, yellow or pale redbrown, stalks to 1cm; apophyses toward outside base increasingly elongate
8 KB (536 words) - 00:27, 30 July 2020
ovoid-cylindric, dark-brown, 1–2.5cm, resinous. Leaves 2 per fascicle, spreading to upcurved, persisting 2–3 years, 8–15cm × (1.2–) 1.5 (–2) mm, slightly twisted
8 KB (535 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
blades oblanceolate to obovate, 0.4–1cm × 2–7 mm, margins entire or repand, (ciliate), apex obtuse, surfaces sparsely pubescent, trichomes simple and forked
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not resinous, margins crenate to dentate, apex sharp-pointed. Leaves 1.8–3.1cm × 1.5–2mm, spiraled, turned upward, flexible; cross-section flat, prominently
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Buds ovoid-acuminate, redbrown, 0.8–1cm, resinous. Leaves 5 per fascicle, upcurved, persisting 10–30 years, 1.5–4cm × 1–1.4mm, mostly connivent, deep blue
9 KB (685 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
for this very complicated genus. Hastings authored the accounts for species 1–8, 10, 11, 13–16, 18, and 20–24, Greven those for species 10, 13, 18, 20, 25–43
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ovoid-acuminate, pale redbrown, ca. 1cm, resinous. Leaves mostly 5 per fascicle, upcurved, persisting 10–30 years, 1.5–3.5cm × 0.8–1.2mm, mostly connivent, deep
8 KB (514 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
florets; lemmas 1-3-veined or 7-13-veined, rarely 5-veined, if with 7-13 veins, the veins often in 3 groups; lodicules 2, or absent, x = 7, 8, 9, 10, 12. Most
34 KB (1,217 words) - 04:33, 30 July 2020
semileaflike or leaflike. Peduncles absent or erect, usually stout. Involucres 1–8 or more per cluster, narrowly turbinate to campanulate; teeth (3–) 5–6 (–10)
80 KB (1,352 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
branches usually without obvious bracts. Spikelets with (0-1) 2 (3-6) glumes (empty bracts) subtending 1-60 florets, glumes and florets distichously attached
35 KB (1,876 words) - 02:36, 30 July 2020
before opening, ovoid-conic when open, 4–6 (–7) cm, redbrown, aging gray, nearly sessile or on stalks to 1cm, scales lacking contrasting dark border on adaxial
7 KB (506 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
A comparison of cladistic, phenetic and cytological approaches. Syst. Bot. 8: 71–84. Kapoor, B. M. and J. R. Beaudry. 1966. Studies on Solidago. VII. The
79 KB (1,886 words) - 20:55, 29 July 2020
Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes with
97 KB (2,063 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
compound, 1-locular; placentas parietal, 3–14 [–20+]; style 1; nectary usually forming chamber around base of style; stigma lobes 3–14 [–20+], 1 per placenta
40 KB (1,967 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
rarely leaflike. Spikelets 1-flowered; scales 0–1. Flowers unisexual; staminate flowers without scales; pistillate flowers with 1 scale with fused margins
80 KB (3,349 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
Kobresia; perianth absent or with (1–) 3–6 (–30) bristles and/or scales, usually falling off with fruit; stamens usually (1–) 3, rarely more, usually distinct;
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light-redbrown, 0.8–1cm; scale margins entire. Leaves 5 per fascicle, mostly ascending and upcurved, persisting 5–8 years, 3–7cm × 1–1.5 (–2) mm, mostly
8 KB (576 words) - 00:30, 30 July 2020
ovoid-cylindric, redbrown, ca. 1.5cm, resinous. Leaves (2–) 3 in a fascicle, spreading-ascending, persisting 3–4 years, (8–) 9–15 (–20) cm × 1.3–1.8 (–2) mm, straight
8 KB (616 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
reflexed prickle. Seeds ellipsoid-obovoid; body ca. 1cm, brown or gray-brown, mottled darker; wing to 2.5cm. 2n =24. Habitat: High, dry montane forests mostly
8 KB (619 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
to style, forming column; pollen-grains in monads or tetrads, usually in 2–8 pollinia, sometimes subdivided into small packets, rarely granular, sometimes
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emarginate to 2-fid, rarely pinnatifid [fimbriate or filiform]; stamens (2 or 4) 6 [8–24], in 2 whorls, usually tetradynamous (lateral outer pair shorter than median
107 KB (3,718 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
often glandular; blade ± ovate to narrowly elliptic or obovate, (1.2–) 2–8 (–12) cm, wider leaves shallowly to deeply incised (rarely pinnately compound)
26 KB (2,400 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
dorsal wall, indehiscent or partially dehiscent apically. Seeds 1 per mericarp, glabrous. x = 7, 8. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
13 KB (672 words) - 11:32, 30 July 2020
broadly lanceolate, glabrous, lobed; functional anthers (1-2) 3, 0.1-5 mm; ovaries glabrous. Caryopses 1-4 mm, ellipsoidal, often shallowly ventrally grooved
87 KB (2,178 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
suborbiculate, 1–8 (–12) cm, length 1.6–2 times width, coriaceous to thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 or 5 (–9), sinuses usually shallow, sometimes deep, veins 1–8 (–10) per
28 KB (995 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
Pooideae based on chloroplast ndh¥ gene sequences. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 8:150-166 Catalan, P., P. Torrecilla, J.A. Lopez Rodriguez, and R.G. Olmsted
45 KB (1,179 words) - 03:07, 30 July 2020
divided leaf blades mostly 3–8+ cm and radiate heads with yellow corollas (laminae mostly 15–25+ mm) borne on peduncles mostly 3–15+ cm are cultivated in warm
23 KB (1,021 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
monadelphous, in more than 1 concentric series in Sidalcea, staminal column sometimes toothed at apex, stamens 5–many, filaments connate; anthers 1-thecate; staminodes
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page 64. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 8, 43, 135. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (3–) 10–200 (–400+) [2500+] cm. Leaves usually cauline, sometimes
21 KB (800 words) - 22:59, 29 July 2020
caudex woody or fleshy, taprooted to fibrous-rooted or rhizomatous. Stems 1–200, strongly decumbent to erect, sometimes prostrate or sprawling, frequently
79 KB (2,746 words) - 18:50, 29 July 2020
borne singly. Calyculi usually of 1–8+ bractlets (bractlets often intergrading with distal peduncular bracts, mostly 1/5–1/2+ times phyllaries), sometimes
30 KB (1,295 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
nectaries, ovules usually several or many per locule; styles 1 or 3 (–4); stigmas several and distinct or 1 and capitate. Fruits capsular and loculicidal or septicidal
29 KB (1,493 words) - 05:37, 30 July 2020
Receptacles flat to slightly convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets (8–) 12–35 (–75+); usually in 1 series, in 2–5 series, rarely in 4–5+ series in S. frondosum
62 KB (1,546 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
(May) June to fall, usually partially or totally cleistogamous. Spikelets 0.8-5.2 mm, not subtended by bristles, dorsally compressed, surfaces unequally
26 KB (1,343 words) - 04:00, 30 July 2020
Gordon C. Tucker Common names: Heath Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 370. Mentioned on page 364, 367, 371, 372, 377, 479, 489
33 KB (1,383 words) - 13:10, 30 July 2020
Meldinger, and J. Pojar. 2002. Illustrated Flora of British Columbia, vol. 8. British Columbia Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management and British Columbia
42 KB (1,621 words) - 04:38, 30 July 2020
paronychioid species having capsules (genera 1-7), and retaining in Paronychioideae those species with utricles (genera 8-13). This alignment, suggested by M.
29 KB (1,113 words) - 10:14, 30 July 2020
distichous; sheaths open, often with tufts of hairs at the apices, hairs 0.3-8 mm; ligules usually membranous and ciliolate or ciliate, cilia sometimes longer
33 KB (1,388 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
cellular-reticulate, cells smooth or minutely roughened, with 1–8 papillae, without caruncle except in A. triquetrum. x = 7, 8, 9. Mostly Northern Hemisphere Species 550–700
43 KB (1,553 words) - 05:48, 30 July 2020
glabrous or pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially; tepals connate proximally 1/4–1/3 their length, monomorphic or dimorphic; stamens usually exserted, occasionally
24 KB (947 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
or in glomerules, rarely aggregated in second-order heads. Calyculi 0 or of 1–15+ bractlets. Phyllaries persistent or falling, usually in 3–5+ series, usually
30 KB (1,803 words) - 22:30, 29 July 2020
reduced leaflike bracts.) Involucres cylindric to ovoid or spheric, (1–6 ×) 1–8 cm. Phyllaries many in 5–20 series, subequal or weakly to strongly, outer
60 KB (2,205 words) - 13:43, 10 February 2021
principal angles, 1–5 mm) plus 0–8 usually shorter scales (0.2–2 mm). x = 17. North America, Mexico, in the Old World Species 52, including 1 hybrid (52 in
32 KB (1,118 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
sepals not persistent in fruit, 5; upper sepal 1, spurred, 8-24 mm; lateral sepals 2, ± ovate to elliptic, 8-18 mm; lower sepals 2, similar to lateral sepals;
9 KB (574 words) - 08:34, 30 July 2020
veined; beak present or absent, terminal, straight or curved, 0-4.5 mm. x = 7, 8. Worldwide except lowland tropics Species about 300 (76 in the flora). Most
15 KB (560 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
inner uncinate, florets 5 (outer 4 pistillate, inner bisexual), cypselae 0.8–1 mm, epappose. Genera 97–105 below (genera following second lead 3 in key to
25 KB (1,822 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
subterranean panicles; branches sometimes spikelike and secund, sometimes less than 1 cm; disarticulation usually below the glumes, sometimes at the base of the panicle
21 KB (1,188 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
Calyculi 0 or 1–5+ bractlets. Involucres campanulate to cylindric, 5–12 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, usually 8, 13, or 21 (–30+) in 1–2 series, erect
40 KB (1,171 words) - 21:16, 29 July 2020
cream-yellow or orange-red, usually obcordate or broadly obovate, emarginate; stamens 8, in 2 unequal series with episepalous longer or rarely subequal, erect, anthers
32 KB (1,609 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
replum (visible), rounded; septum complete, (membranous, veinless); ovules 8–250 per ovary; (style sometimes obsolete); stigma capitate. Seeds usually uniseriate
73 KB (2,294 words) - 12:15, 30 July 2020
3. Treatment on page 197. Roots 2-80 cm, tuberlike or fibrous, dry or fleshy; buds often less than 3 mm. Stems 1-8 (-19) per root; base firmly attached
3 KB (434 words) - 08:42, 30 July 2020
usually persistent (readily falling), usually in 2–8+ series, distinct, and unequal, sometimes in 1–2 series, distinct, and subequal to equal, usually
17 KB (728 words) - 22:41, 29 July 2020
363 (8 genera, 69 species, including 1 hybrid, in the flora). Circumscription of Helianthinae adopted here (i.e., that of H. Robinson 1981) is narrower than
10 KB (633 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
deciduous; collars inconspicuous, usually glabrous; auricles absent; ligules 0.1-2 (8) mm, membranous, sometimes longest at the margins, usually truncate, sometimes
52 KB (3,291 words) - 03:08, 30 July 2020
grapes, alluding to common name for A. uva-ursi Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 406. Mentioned on page 371, 375, 397, 405, 407, 408, 415
41 KB (2,034 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
450, 463. Plants short-stemmed pachycauls, perennial, often flowering after 8–20+ years, monocarpic or polycarpic, acaulescent or caulescent, scapose, forming
24 KB (1,110 words) - 06:12, 30 July 2020
253. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, or treelets, 1–80 (–300) cm (some rhizomatous or with woody caudices). Leaves basal, basal and cauline
17 KB (818 words) - 23:57, 29 July 2020
more rarely herbaceous, commissures between sepals 1-veined, herbaceous; lobes green or purplish, 1–5-veined, broadly triangular to lance-oblong or linear
36 KB (1,364 words) - 10:24, 30 July 2020
triangular (lengths 0.7–1 times stigmatic lines). Cypselae narrowly obconic to cylindric, sometimes somewhat compressed, ribs usually 8–10 (either darker and
18 KB (1,000 words) - 21:32, 29 July 2020
funnelform; stamens (2–) 3–5, with 4 mostly connate in pairs, appearing as only (1–) 3 stamens; anthers connate or distinct, pepos, rarely capsules, elongate
19 KB (877 words) - 11:15, 30 July 2020
longitudinally; staminodes absent (except in Aquilegia and Clematis); pistils 1-many; styles present or absent, often persistent in fruit as beak. Fruits achenes
13 KB (392 words) - 08:32, 30 July 2020
monophyletic: 8a2a. ser. Maculosae, 8a2b. ser. Ovatae, and 8d. subg. Limnochloa, whereas the following taxa are probably para- or polyphyletic: 8a1. sect. Eleocharis
13 KB (1,127 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
with 2–20+ spikes, 1–1.5 times as long as wide in fruit; proximal bracts scalelike or bristlelike, rarely leaflike, not more than 5 cm, not more than 2 times
57 KB (937 words) - 01:54, 30 July 2020
hispidulous, with 1 to many spikelets. Spikelets 2-12 mm, subterete to strongly laterally compressed, sometimes bulbiferous; florets (1) 2-8 (13); rachilla
9 KB (1,015 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
and T.R. Soderstrom. 1994. A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, vol. 8 (ed. M.D. Dassanayake). Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi, India. 458 pp. Guissani
31 KB (2,561 words) - 04:21, 30 July 2020
sometimes smooth; staminode included to exserted, flattened distally, 0.2–0.8 (–1.1) mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy, hairs to
36 KB (1,140 words) - 19:13, 29 July 2020
Pistillate flowers lacking perianth, pistil naked, or in few species with (1–) 3–5-lobed perianth, commonly enclosed within pair of foliaceous bracteoles;
45 KB (1,022 words) - 09:34, 30 July 2020
forked, cruciform, stellate, malpighiaceous, or dendritic, often more than 1 kind present. Stems usually erect to ascending, sometimes decumbent or prostrate
85 KB (2,094 words) - 12:08, 30 July 2020
sometimes cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. Culms 8-180 (220) cm, usually erect to ascending, sometimes strongly decumbent to prostrate
45 KB (3,070 words) - 03:00, 30 July 2020
falling, vestigial, or of 8–12 linear to subulate, laciniate or fimbriate scales, sometimes 1–2 (–4) scales aristate, or of 1–2 (–6) or 8–35 bristles. sw United
7 KB (521 words) - 23:47, 29 July 2020
the upper florets, then the florets not very plump at maturity. Spikelets 1-8 mm, usually dorsally compressed, some¬times subterete or laterally compressed
26 KB (1,480 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
dark green, often thick; stigmas usually 3, sometimes 1 and subcapitate, white to pale green, 1–2 mm. Fruits erect or pendent, capsular or baccate. Seeds
17 KB (687 words) - 06:11, 30 July 2020
Taxa Trillium subg. Phyllantherum, Trillium subg. Trillium Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 339. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 158. 1754. Frederick W. Case Jr. Common names:
30 KB (822 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
Elvander† Common names: Saxifrage Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 43. Mentioned on page 44, 45, 85, 109, 115, 132, 147, 148
27 KB (1,591 words) - 13:14, 30 July 2020
slender. Involucres 1 per node, not appressed to the inflorescence branches, turbinate to campanulate or hemispheric; teeth 4–5 (–8), erect to spreading
30 KB (1,075 words) - 10:46, 30 July 2020
compressed-3-gonous or nearly pyramidal, glabrous. Seeds: embryo straight. x = 7, 8, 9, 10 (polyploidy widespread in the genus). Almost worldwide, but mostly in
41 KB (1,085 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
cleistogamous species of Sporobolus (Poaceae). Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 93:8-11 Peterson, P.M., R.D. Webster and J. Valdes-Reyna. 1997. Genera of New World
22 KB (1,094 words) - 04:32, 30 July 2020
Euphorbia vermiculata, Euphorbia villifera Roeper in J. É. Duby Bot. Gall. 1: 412. 1828. Victor W. Steinmann, Jeffery J. Morawetz, Paul E. Berry, Jess A
36 KB (819 words) - 18:21, 29 July 2020
genusIris Show Lower Taxa Iris subg. Iris, Iris subg. Limniris Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 38. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 24. 1754. Norlan C. Henderson Etymology: Greek
20 KB (1,129 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
semiterete, or subterete, rarely laminar, 0.1–8 cm, usually ± succulent, base spurred or not, margins entire, (with 1 abaxial apical hydathode); veins not conspicuous
21 KB (778 words) - 13:02, 30 July 2020
andropolygamous), blooming before or at leaf emergence, 4–40 mm diam.; hypanthium 1.5–8 mm, exterior glabrous or hairy; sepals 5, erect to reflexed, usually triangular
43 KB (1,828 words) - 14:17, 30 July 2020
2–60 (–120) × 1.2–40 cm, nearly smooth to tuberculate, glabrous or pubescent; areoles usually elliptic, circular, or obovate, 3–8 (–10) × 1–7 (–10) mm; wool
34 KB (1,067 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 82. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 8, 12, 95, 172, 176, 195. Annuals or perennials (sometimes coarse and/or robust
15 KB (836 words) - 20:05, 29 July 2020
(Aristida striata): Allozymic diversity of populations. Conservation Biol. 8:581-585. Aristida adscensionis, Aristida arizonica, Aristida basiramea, Aristida
23 KB (1,150 words) - 04:51, 30 July 2020
proximal 1/5–1/3 indehiscent, rarely completely, connective splitting or not, sides glabrous, papillate, or hairy, sutures denticulate, teeth to 0.1–0.2 mm
29 KB (982 words) - 19:10, 29 July 2020
Phytoneuron 2011-28: 1–8. Nesom, G. L. 2012g. Taxonomic summary of Erythranthe sect. Achlyopitheca (Phrymaceae). Phytoneuron 2012-42 1–4. Nesom, G. L. 2012h
49 KB (1,607 words) - 18:59, 29 July 2020
papillate); pappi 0, or persistent, of (1–) 2–4 (–8), usually ± barbellate awns or scales, rarely coroniform or of 1–2, smooth to ciliate or barbed awns or
12 KB (744 words) - 23:22, 29 July 2020
Synonyms: Grossularia Miller Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 9. Mentioned on page 8, 10, 44. Shrubs usually synoecious (R. diacanthum dioecious)
23 KB (1,464 words) - 13:16, 30 July 2020
Seeds ellipsoid, oblong, ovoid, globose, or lenticular; caruncle present. x = 8, 9, 10, 14. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Bermuda, Central America, South
24 KB (874 words) - 18:18, 29 July 2020
stolonifera, Dudleya verityi Reid V. Moran Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 177. Mentioned on page 172, 173, 178, 183, 188, 192, 194
10 KB (581 words) - 12:54, 30 July 2020
articulate, 0.8–32 cm. Fruits erect, green maturing to brown, capsular, 3-valved, not strongly winged, ± oblong-obovate, 1.5–7.7 × 0.8–3.3 cm, 1.1–4.8 times longer
37 KB (2,628 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
Flowers (5–) 8–20 (–26) mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets (4 or) 5 (–10); hypanthium patelliform to cupulate, rarely turbinate, 0.5–2.5 (–5) × (1.5–) 2–7 (–10)
31 KB (1,939 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
usually empty; floral scales with 1 vein, or rarely to 10 longitudinal parallel veins; basal spikelets rarely present in 8a1d. E. sect. Eleocharis ser. Tenuissimae
37 KB (456 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
Phyllaries persistent or falling, 1–75+ in 1 (–2) series or 0 (the “involucre” then interpreted as constituted of 1 series of receptacular paleae; phyllaries
15 KB (799 words) - 23:36, 29 July 2020
usually 0, rare in Eriophyllum). Ray-florets 0 or 4–21, pistillate, fertile (3–8 peripheral florets pistillate, fertile, corollas tubular in Amblyopappus and
11 KB (627 words) - 23:52, 29 July 2020
rhizomatous, or stoloniferous. Culms 3-400 cm, erect, spreading or prostrate, sometimes trailing for 200+ cm. Sheaths open; auricles sometimes present;
22 KB (1,167 words) - 04:18, 30 July 2020
(2001) proposed that x = 8 is the base chromosome number for Lythraceae, which is sister to Onagraceae. This suggests that x = 8 in Ludwigia is a plesiomorphy
30 KB (1,654 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
of 20–50 bristles in 1–2+ series, or of 5–20 (sometimes aristate) scales in 1–2 series, or combinations of bristles and scales in 1–2+ series, rarely coroniform
11 KB (674 words) - 23:30, 29 July 2020
follows; stems: short (less than 1 cm), medium (1–3 cm), long (more than 3 cm); leaves: small (less than 1.5 mm), medium (1.5–3 mm), large (3–4 mm), robust
20 KB (757 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
disc-florets rarely subtended by paleae in Amblyolepis). Ray-florets 0, or 1–55 (in 1–3 series), pistillate and fertile, or styliferous and sterile, or neuter;
13 KB (688 words) - 22:34, 29 July 2020
series, pistillate florets in 2–8 series, bisexual florets 10(–30), corollas yellow, 4-lobed, and cypselae obovoid, 1–1.5 mm, epappose. Traditionally, Centipeda
23 KB (1,089 words) - 20:43, 29 July 2020
spiny or winged burs). Phyllaries persistent or falling, mostly (3–) 5–80+ in 1–8 (–12+) series, distinct or connate, ovate or lanceovate to linear, unequal
16 KB (907 words) - 23:04, 29 July 2020
often cespitose, usually rhizomatous. Culms 10-210 cm, unbranched or branched, more or less smooth, nodes 1-8. Sheaths open, smooth or scabrous; auricles absent;
24 KB (1,813 words) - 02:43, 30 July 2020
node, 0.3–2.5 × 0.2–1.8 cm, usually scalelike distally, 1–5 × 0.5–3 mm. Involucres 1 per node, turbinate to campanulate, 1–6 × (1–) 1.5–10 mm, tomentose
27 KB (1,609 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
purplish in E. capillaris and E. eastwoodiae), linear-lanceolate to ovate, 1.8–12 mm, margins white, scarious, apex obtuse or rounded to acute, acuminate
19 KB (1,194 words) - 10:09, 30 July 2020
glabrous; ovary 3-locular, ovules (1–) 2 per locule, 1-seriate. Capsules 3-valved, 3-locular. Seeds 2 per locule (1 in T. spathacea); hilum oblong to linear;
17 KB (671 words) - 00:52, 30 July 2020
sometimes herbaceous). Receptacles flat to convex, epaleate. Florets (3–) 8–45 (–90); corollas usually white or whitish to cream, sometimes greenish, purplish
17 KB (617 words) - 22:47, 29 July 2020
fusiform to turbinate or broadly campanulate, 1–12+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 3–21+ in 1–2 series (connate to 7/8+ their lengths, usually streaked and/or
11 KB (696 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
usually resinous. Leaves dimorphic, spirally arranged; foliage leaves (needles) (1–) 2–5 (–6) per fascicle, persisting 2–12 or more years, terete or ± 2–3-angled
29 KB (1,428 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
enlarged, glabrous, branches linear-clavate (papillate). Cypselae prismatic, 8–11-ribbed, usually hirsutulous to hirtellous-pilose (glabrous in L. oligocephala)
24 KB (826 words) - 22:52, 29 July 2020
caulescent plants with 0–11 (–22) basal leaves per caudex, acaulescent plants with 1–12 (–18) leaves per rhizome, prostrate to erect; stipules adnate to petiole
39 KB (2,374 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
names: Hilaire Stonecrop or Orpine Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 147. Mentioned on page 44, 148, 168, 170, 172, 175, 196
18 KB (1,028 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
Osmundopteris, Botrychium subg. Sceptridium Swartz J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 8, 110. 1801. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Grapefe
19 KB (579 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
Mirabilis sect. Oxybaphus, Mirabilis sect. Quamoclidion Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 177. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 82. 1754. Richard W. Spellenberg Common names:
15 KB (526 words) - 09:38, 30 July 2020
outer soon reflexed). Receptacles subhemispheric, ovoid, conic, or columnar (8–70+ mm high), paleate (paleae strongly conduplicate, each partly investing
9 KB (600 words) - 23:53, 29 July 2020
subtended by 1-several, terete bristles (sterile branchlets). Lower glumes membranous, not saccate, less than 1/2 as long as the spikelets, 1-7-veined; upper
17 KB (1,129 words) - 04:14, 30 July 2020
subshrubs (dioecious, gynoecious, or polygamodioecious), (0.2–) 4–25 (–70) cm (sometimes cespitose, sometimes stoloniferous, sometimes rhizomatous). Stems
38 KB (2,648 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
cross-sections non-kranz. Inflorescences usually spikes or spikelike racemes, with 1-5 sessile or subsessile spikelets per node, occasionally panicles, sometimes
19 KB (1,548 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
2–9-carpelled; ovary 1, superior (half-inferior to inferior in Portulaca), 1-locular throughout or initially plurilocular and becoming 1-locular distally (in
13 KB (722 words) - 09:43, 30 July 2020
(distinct) erose to laciniate or aristate scales (in 1–2 similar or contrasting series), or ± coroniform. x = 8. w North America, nw Mexico Species 13 (13 in
13 KB (1,037 words) - 23:55, 29 July 2020
glabrous. Seeds brown or dark-brown, angled, angled-elongate, or disciform, 1.8–5.4 mm. North America, n Mexico Species 20 (20 in the flora). D. D. Keck (1951)
17 KB (733 words) - 19:07, 29 July 2020
Etymology: Greek mikros, small, and anthos, flower Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 49. Mentioned on page 43, 44, 45, 48, 50, 54, 68, 69, 133
27 KB (988 words) - 13:15, 30 July 2020
beaked, pericarp thin; hila linear; embryos less than 1/3 the length of the caryopses. x = 7, 8, 10, 11, 12. The tribe Stipeae includes about 15 genera
18 KB (1,356 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
adaxial surface without 2 marginal veins more prominent than midvein, blade 2+ cm, longer than its sheath, 2–4.5 mm wide, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose
16 KB (801 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
rarely smooth, some branches longer than 1 cm; secondary panicles sometimes present in the leaf-axils. Spikelets 1.2-7 mm, pedicellate, laterally compressed
31 KB (1,893 words) - 03:29, 30 July 2020
epidermis adaxially or on both sides, 1 or 2 stereid bands, the abaxial stereid band usually rounded or reniform, guide cells in 1 (–3) layers, hydroid strand occasionally
28 KB (882 words) - 07:00, 30 July 2020
with white elaiosome; seeds dispersed ballistically and by ants. x = 5, 6, 7, 8. North America, (including Mexico), Central America (Guatemala), Asia, adventive
16 KB (646 words) - 09:44, 30 July 2020
(smooth), mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. x = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15. North America, n Mexico, s South America (Argentina), s South
40 KB (1,647 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
double, rarely single or absent; exostome teeth 0, 8, or 16, papillose or striate; endostome segments 0, 8, or 16. Calyptra mitrate, conic-oblong to short-conic
24 KB (641 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
occasionally 1-locular, 3-angled, ovoid, or cylindrical, with axillary or rarely parietal placentation; style included or exserted; stigmas 1 or 3, 3-lobed
13 KB (701 words) - 06:10, 30 July 2020
primary-stems and shoots, (1–) 4–30 (–50) -flowered, usually panicles, sometimes corymbs, glabrous; bracts absent or present, (0 or) 1–3 (–8); bracteoles absent
23 KB (1,822 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
Receptacles flat or convex, epaleate (except H. newberryi). Ray-florets 0 or 8, pistillate, fertile; corollas white to ochroleucous. Disc-florets 12–70+,
9 KB (558 words) - 23:45, 29 July 2020
not prominently veined; beak terminal, straight or curved, 12-110 mm. X = 8. Worldwide, mostly temperate, a few subarctic, subalpine, or tropical Species
9 KB (493 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
having 6-8 sepals and brown or black (never white) rhizomes with a 3-5 mm diameter in contrast to the 5 sepals and white or black rhizomes with 1-3 mmdiameter
19 KB (1,214 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
Oxalis triangularis, Oxalis trilliifolia, Oxalis violacea Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 433. 1753. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Wood-sorrel sourgrass false shamrock
23 KB (1,013 words) - 18:29, 29 July 2020
sessile or setose-glandular; bracts persistent, 1–3, margins entire or serrate, sometimes undulate. Flowers 1–9 cm diam.; hypanthium globose to depressed-globose
24 KB (1,103 words) - 13:51, 30 July 2020
subcircular, circular, oblanceolate, narrowly oblong, oblong, or broadly obovate, 0.8–5.5 times as long as wide, angle of base and of apex usually less than or greater
22 KB (876 words) - 12:17, 30 July 2020
to long cylindric, sometimes tapering distally, (1–) 2–70 (–130) [–200] × (0.6–) 1–15 cm, less than 40 cm at flowering, skin hard and brittle (less often
24 KB (1,147 words) - 09:19, 30 July 2020
puberulent. > 8 8 Shrubs 0.3–0.8 m; inflorescences usually umbel-like, sometimes racemelike. > 9 9 Sepals, petals, and nectaries white; petioles 0.5–1 mm. Ceanothus
15 KB (437 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
obconic, or turbinate, (4–19+ ×) 2–18 mm. Phyllaries 8–60 in 2–7 series (often in vertical ranks), 1-nerved (midnerves obscure or evident, sometimes enlarged
23 KB (1,156 words) - 22:11, 29 July 2020
terminal, sometimes also axillary, (1-) 2-200-flowered panicles, racemes, corymbs, umbels, or flowers solitary, to 41 cm; involucres absent or present, involucral-bracts
17 KB (836 words) - 08:34, 30 July 2020
to subspheric, angular to squarish or circular, often warped, 1.9–7 mm, commonly bearing 1–4 large depressions per side due to pressure from adjacent developing
17 KB (804 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
to broadly pyriform or urceolate, 1–6 [–10] mm, neck sometimes 1+ times urn length; exothecial cells near mouth in 1–3+ rows, medial cell-walls straight
17 KB (677 words) - 07:39, 30 July 2020
arrays. Calyculi of (3–) 8+, distinct, ± herbaceous bractlets. Involucres ± globose to cylindric, 4–25+ mm diam. Phyllaries usually ± 8 in ± 2 series (usually
12 KB (827 words) - 23:22, 29 July 2020
units 1-600+ per culm; peduncles initially concealed by the subtending leaf-sheaths, sometimes exserted beyond the sheaths at maturity, with (1) 2-5 (13)
14 KB (1,071 words) - 04:25, 30 July 2020
spiciform arrays. Involucres campanulate, globose, ovoid, or turbinate, 1.5–8 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 2–20+ in 4–7 series, distinct, (usually green
14 KB (1,396 words) - 20:45, 29 July 2020
in cross-section when young, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose or, rarely, 1–2 branched proximally, with 3–15 spikes; proximal bracts filiform or leaflike
15 KB (529 words) - 01:49, 30 July 2020
orbiculate, base clawed; stamens (8–) 10–20 (–23) in 1 or 2 series, shorter than petals; carpels 1–5, distinct, adnate to proximal 1/2 of hypanthium, glabrous
31 KB (1,652 words) - 14:31, 30 July 2020
involucral-bracts 1–6, spreading or rarely the proximal erect, leaflike. Spikelets: scales spirally or distichously arranged, each subtending flower; 1 or more proximal
38 KB (1,253 words) - 01:40, 30 July 2020
laterally compressed at anthesis, with (3) 4-14 (16) florets. Lower glumes 1-3-veined; upper glumes 3-5-veined; lemmas elliptic to lanceolate, rounded over
11 KB (779 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020
Seeds brown, dark-brown, or black, angled to reniform or slightly rounded, 1.5–4.8 mm. w North America, n Mexico Species 31 (31 in the flora). Members of sect
21 KB (880 words) - 19:09, 29 July 2020
mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent, rarely incumbent. x = 7, 8. Nearly worldwide Species ca. 200 (39 in the flora). R. C. Rollins (1993) recognized
23 KB (1,239 words) - 12:23, 30 July 2020
to pistil or petals; pistils 1 or 3, distinct or partially connate, each bearing 1 ovule and 1 stigma, or 1 pistil bearing 1–3 ovules and 3 stigmas; styles
20 KB (1,128 words) - 00:55, 30 July 2020
turbinate (campanulo-hemispheric upon drying), (3–14 ×) 3.8–23 mm. Phyllaries 26–80 in 3–5 series, 1-nerved (usually raised; keeled proximally), lanceolate
25 KB (1,511 words) - 21:54, 29 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 116. Mentioned on page 4, 7, 8, 50, 51, 57, 105, 117, 126, 127, 128, 134. Herbs, annual, winter-annual, or
25 KB (1,236 words) - 10:19, 30 July 2020
long-creeping; scales basally attached, clathrate. Petioles not articulate. Blades 1–4-pinnate, of diverse size and shape. Indusia present. x = 36. Worldwide Species
11 KB (330 words) - 00:25, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Roots 3-8 (-12) -branched at least 1 cm from stem attachment, (4-) 10-30 (-40) cm, fibrous, twisted, dry, thin threadlike
8 KB (562 words) - 08:23, 30 July 2020
Jamaica Plain. Silba, J. 1986. Encyclopaedia Coniferae. Phytologia Mem. 8: 1--127. Callitris, Calocedrus, Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Juniperus, Sequoia
17 KB (1,137 words) - 00:30, 30 July 2020
and Ireland. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London. Handbook No. 8. Reznicek, A. A. and R. S. W. Bobbette. 1976. The taxonomy of Potamogeton subsection
23 KB (1,207 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
in P. alba); stamens (6–) 8 in chasmogamous flowers, fewer in cleistogamous flowers, not grouped; ovary 2-loculed (sometimes 1 abortive). Fruits capsules
19 KB (903 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
perennials, 3–120 cm; usually taprooted, sometimes rhizomatous (roots deep or shallow, woody or fibrous, caudices often woody). Stems 1–20+, erect to decumbent
18 KB (964 words) - 20:06, 29 July 2020
Plummera in Hymenoxys (Asteraceae: Heliantheae: Gaillardiinae). Sida 16: 1–8. Bierner, M. W. and R. K. Jansen. 1998. Systematic implications of DNA restriction
15 KB (1,046 words) - 22:37, 29 July 2020
apex 2-fid 1/5–1/2 of length, notched, or emarginate; nectaries at base of filaments opposite sepals; stamens usually 10, sometimes 5 or 8, occasionally
21 KB (1,044 words) - 10:15, 30 July 2020
ellipsoid, valvate, dehiscent to 1/3 length. Seeds 10–100+, brown, ovoid or oblong, somewhat 4-angled, reticulate or vesiculate. x = [8,] 9, [10,] 11, [12]. North
25 KB (2,084 words) - 13:06, 30 July 2020
American members of the genus Agalinis (Orobanchaceae). B. M. C. Evol. Biol. 8: 264. Agalinis aphylla, Agalinis aspera, Agalinis auriculata, Agalinis caddoensis
23 KB (952 words) - 19:30, 29 July 2020
unequally pedicellate groups of 2-5, occasionally borne singly. Spikelets 1.2-8.2 mm, lanceoloid to ellipsoid, dorsally compressed, apices obtuse to acuminate
23 KB (1,318 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
distinct or connate, sometimes forming an involucre containing 1–80 flowers, when containing only 1 flower, calyxlike, sometimes brightly colored. Flowers unisexual
20 KB (1,275 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
rarely white; leaves unlobed or lobed, but not maplelike; plants 0.1–0.5(–0.8) m > 8 8 Inflorescences usually open or spiciform, sometimes dense early; bracts:
21 KB (668 words) - 11:33, 30 July 2020
the apices, sometimes prolonged 1-3 mm, apices usually rounded; lodicules 2 or 3, membranous, not lobed; anthers 3, 1.5-6 mm, sometimes penicillate; ovaries
28 KB (2,014 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
professor of medicine at Wittenberg, later Dresden Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 84. Mentioned on page 43, 44, 45, 47, 85, 86, 108, 115.
26 KB (1,593 words) - 12:56, 30 July 2020
in FNA Volume 2. Stems long-creeping to ascending to erect, 1.5–12 mm or more diam. Blades 1-pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely 2-pinnate, proximal pinnae
14 KB (584 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
stamens tetradynamous; fruits 8-14.5 cm × 2.5-4 mm; ovules 48-80 per ovary; styles 1-3.5 mm. Streptanthus bracteatus 8 Petals 16-27 mm; stamens in 3 unequal pairs;
23 KB (1,011 words) - 12:00, 30 July 2020
taylorii, Erythronium tuolumnense, Erythronium umbilicatum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 305. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 145. 1754. Geraldine A. Allen, Kenneth R. Robertson
18 KB (1,049 words) - 05:39, 30 July 2020
concave in 101. C. ursopedensis, dorsally grooved. North America Species 8 (8 in the flora). Series Rotundifoliae ranges from southern interior British
20 KB (1,294 words) - 13:44, 30 July 2020
glabrous, styles subterminal; ovule 1. Fruits aggregated achenes, (1–) 2–200 (–220), obliquely ovoid to reniform, 0.8–3 mm, glabrous; hypanthium persistent;
16 KB (987 words) - 14:06, 30 July 2020
mache, strife, alluding to soothing properties Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 308. Mentioned on page 302, 303, 309. Herbs [shrubs], perennial
18 KB (899 words) - 13:07, 30 July 2020
central strand present; rhizoids often dense; axillary hairs ca. 5–8 cells in length, basal 1–3 cells thicker-walled. Leaves appressed-incurved to lax when
26 KB (1,447 words) - 07:08, 30 July 2020
numerous, usually ± straight, sometimes ± recurved, 1-year old very dark, usually slender, 1–5 cm. Leaves: petiole length (0–) 10–40 (–60) % blade, pubescent
22 KB (1,233 words) - 13:46, 30 July 2020
corymbiform arrays (plants cespitose) > 8 7 Heads in paniculiform or racemiform arrays (plants not cespitose) > 10 8 Leaves pinnately lobed; involucres 3–5
11 KB (598 words) - 20:49, 29 July 2020
Show Lower Taxa Vitis subg. Muscadinia, Vitis subg. Vitis Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 202. 1753. Michael O. Moore†, Jun Wen Common names: Grape Etymology: Latin
14 KB (773 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
appears in FNA Volume 3. Shrubs or subshrubs, evergreen or deciduous, 0.1-4.5 (-8) m, glabrous or with tomentose stems. Rhizomes present or absent, short
16 KB (698 words) - 08:36, 30 July 2020
(Poaceae). Syst. Bot. 8:341-353 Fernald, M.L. and G.A. Weatherby. 1916. The genus Puccinellia in eastern North America. Rhodora 18:1-23 Porsild, A.E. 1964
22 KB (1,516 words) - 03:14, 30 July 2020
Annuals, 10–200 cm, taprooted, or perennials, 10–100 cm, with deeply seated, woody caudices or stout or slender, creeping rhizomes. Stems (1–8) erect, simple
15 KB (1,165 words) - 20:25, 29 July 2020
68. Plants usually perennial, rarely annual; rhizomatous. Culms (10) 20-250 cm, erect or decumbent, freely rooting at the lower nodes, not cormous based
20 KB (1,626 words) - 03:20, 30 July 2020
page 366. Mentioned on page 3, 5, 255, 257, 364, 365, 375. Perennials, 5–100 cm (rhizomes relatively long and thin; caudices woody, relatively short and thick)
16 KB (834 words) - 23:57, 29 July 2020
Stems erect to ascending. Leaves: petiole 1–4 mm; blade oblong-obovate or obovate lanceolate, 1.5–2 × 0.3–0.8 cm, length 2–4 times width, base acute, margins
20 KB (1,036 words) - 14:24, 30 July 2020
rounded-angular, occasionally shortly rectangular or rhomboid, usually 8–13 µm wide, 1: 1, 1-stratose, papillae usually simple to 2-fid, usually solid, with 3–5
28 KB (1,343 words) - 07:04, 30 July 2020
variabilis, Tillandsia ×floridana, Tillandsia ×smalliana Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 286. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 138, 1754. Harry E. Luther, Gregory K. Brown Etymology:
9 KB (299 words) - 01:00, 30 July 2020
4-locular, locules opening by valves; pistil 1, 1-carpellate; ovary 1-locular; placentation basal; ovule 1; stigma subsessile, discoid or capitate. Fruits
10 KB (319 words) - 08:27, 30 July 2020
glanddotted; styles 3–5+ mm, branches 1–1.8 mm, proximal 1/2–4/5 stigmatic, apices acute to rounded. Cypselae 1.5–3.5 (–4) mm; pappi usually coroniform
10 KB (649 words) - 22:36, 29 July 2020
than more distal cells, 1–2 (–4):1; medial and distal cells rhomboidal to elongate-hexagonal, 8–16 (–20) µm wide, usually (3–) 4–8: 1, walls thin to moderately
12 KB (668 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
compressed, obscurely 8–20-angled, faces scabrous and strigose to densely sericeous (usually eglandular); pappi usually persistent, of (1–) 4–20, distinct,
11 KB (947 words) - 22:31, 29 July 2020
opening by 3 or 6, occasionally 4, 8, or 10 ascending to recurved valves; carpophore present or absent. Seeds (1–) 3–20+, yellowbrown to dark-brown, globose
21 KB (985 words) - 10:17, 30 July 2020
reduced; pistil 1, 2 (–3) -carpellate; ovary inferior, usually 2-locular proximally, 1-locular distally; placentation axile; ovules 1–2 per locule, pendulous;
14 KB (815 words) - 08:47, 30 July 2020
13, 14, 17, 20, 21, 24, 28, 33), and blackberries (subg. Rubus, species 1, 4–6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 25, 27, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37). Bailey did not include Dalibarda
35 KB (2,155 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
perennial; habit various, rhizomatous, stoloniferous, or cespitose. Culms 10-300 cm; internodes pith-filled. Sheaths strongly keeled, glabrous, scabrous, or pubescent;
21 KB (1,159 words) - 04:42, 30 July 2020
refers to surfaces with scattered to crowded gland-tipped hairs mostly 0.2–0.8(–1.2+) mm. Surfaces of stems, leaves, peduncles, and phyllaries may be glabrous
26 KB (1,108 words) - 20:14, 29 July 2020
synoecious; habit various, cespitose, stoloniferous, or rhizomatous. Culms 1-80 cm. Leaves usually mostly basal; sheaths open; ligules of hairs, membranous
16 KB (1,065 words) - 04:46, 30 July 2020
around stem; blade margins entire or serrate; veins 1–many. Inflorescences axillary, terminal, or scapose, 1-flowered or cymose, subtended by spathe; spathe
11 KB (422 words) - 00:55, 30 July 2020
(rarely pinkish), 0.5–8 mm. Fruits indehiscent, green or red, spheric, ellipsoid, ovoid to narrowly fusiform, or obovoid, 1.5–50 × 1.5–20 mm, usually juicy
25 KB (1,748 words) - 09:25, 30 July 2020
ovaries than the species classified in Traub’s Caroliniana Alliance, having 4–8 ovules per locule, as well as coriaceous, suberect to erect, liguliform leaves
14 KB (860 words) - 05:56, 30 July 2020
in New France, who sent specimens to Europe Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 350. Mentioned on page 348, 349, 351, 357, 358, 359, 362
17 KB (1,184 words) - 13:09, 30 July 2020
margins entire or finely toothed, apex long-acuminate, costa short. Seta 0.6–0.8 cm. Capsule erect, oblong-cylindric, symmetric or weakly curved; annulus sometimes
8 KB (515 words) - 07:45, 30 July 2020
Calyculi 0 or of 1–8 deltate to linear bractlets (bearing oil-glands). Involucres campanulate to obconic, 2–7 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 8–13 (–22) in
11 KB (587 words) - 23:33, 29 July 2020
406. Herbs, perennial, or subshrubs, 0.4–8 dm. Stems not dimorphic, hairy, usually some hairs (chasmogamous), 1–20 per capsule (cleistogamous). x = 10.
9 KB (561 words) - 11:40, 30 July 2020
marginal wing absent, appendage absent; embryo peripheral, curved. x = 7, 8, 9. Warm-temperate North America, South America, Eurasia, Africa Species ca
21 KB (1,113 words) - 10:32, 30 July 2020
borne singly. Involucres campanulate, 3–6 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 8–30 in 2 (–3) series, 0-nerved or 2-nerved, lanceolate to linear, ± equal (herbaceous)
11 KB (480 words) - 22:58, 29 July 2020
forming an annular ring or lobes at the pedicel apices; sterile florets 1/8 – 1/2 (9/10) as long as the spikelets; fertile lemmas 3-14-veined, membranous
9 KB (719 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 462. Mentioned on page 459, 461, 470, 471. Perennials, 30–200 cm. Stems erect, usually not branched proximal to arrays of heads (from caudices
17 KB (791 words) - 22:42, 29 July 2020
or pistillate). Pistillate heads: phyllaries 12–30 (–80+) in 1–8+ series, outer (1–) 5–8 distinct or ± connate, herbaceous, the rest (sometimes interpreted
16 KB (728 words) - 23:11, 29 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Roots 1-5 (-9) -branched from within 1 cm of stem attachment, 2-7 (-16) cm, cormlike to fascicled or fibrous, ± fleshy
13 KB (670 words) - 08:25, 30 July 2020
stress, spheric to cylindric or turbinate, often flat-topped, 1–15 (–25) × 1.8–12 (–20) cm, firm or flaccid; tubercles distinct, not confluent into ribs
18 KB (1,104 words) - 09:27, 30 July 2020
slightly convex, paleate (paleae oblong, lanceolate, or linear). Ray-florets 8–35+ in 1–4 series, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow or white. Disc-florets
10 KB (661 words) - 23:01, 29 July 2020
not prominently ribbed veins. Inflorescences usually distichous spikes with 1-8 spikelets per node, sometimes panicles with (2) 3-35 spikelets associated
20 KB (1,611 words) - 03:05, 30 July 2020
crevices and/or medical use for kidney stones Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 132. Mentioned on page 43, 44, 45, 48, 49, 50, 68, 131,
21 KB (1,151 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
3–25 in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays. Involucres: staminate 6–8 mm; pistillate 6–8 mm. Phyllaries distally red to pink, light-brown, or white. Corollas:
12 KB (714 words) - 20:21, 29 July 2020
mm, tubes 1–2.5 mm, throats campanulate, 1–3 mm, lengths 2–8 times lobes. Cypselae 3–7 mm, ± hirtellous to villous; pappi of 12–22 scales 0.1–3 mm. Generated
8 KB (620 words) - 23:45, 29 July 2020
Calochortus vestae, Calochortus weedii, Calochortus westonii Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 240. 1814. P. L. Fiedler, R. K. Zebell Etymology: Greek kalos, beautiful,
21 KB (685 words) - 05:34, 30 July 2020
page 383. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 17, 384, 394, 402. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 3–100 cm (taprooted, caudices woody, much
13 KB (844 words) - 22:21, 29 July 2020
cylindric, (1–) 4–12 (–25+) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, mostly (4–) 8–21 (–30+) in ± 2 series, usually distinct, sometimes connate 0.05–0.1 their lengths
22 KB (1,036 words) - 23:27, 29 July 2020
basal rosette and cauline (sometimes not present at flowering), (0.5–) 2–8 (–13) cm; blade margins sinuate-dentate to denticulate, serrate, lobed, or entire
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depressed-spheric, depressed hemispheric, cylindric, or elongate cylindric, 1–40 (–45) × 1.8–15 (–20) cm, occasionally glaucous; tubercles usually coalescent into ribs
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Leaf-blade ovate to deltate, elliptic, or nearly orbiculate, 0.5–10 (–14) × 0.5–8 cm, thin, margins doubly serrate or serrate (or crenate to shallowly round-lobed
18 KB (893 words) - 08:41, 30 July 2020
bach Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 8: 40. 1846 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 44. Mentioned on page 6, 7, 8, 28, 38, 48, 168. Herbs, perennial
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investing subtended floret in H. newberryi). Ray-florets usually 0, sometimes 8, pistillate, fertile; corollas white or whitish. Disc-florets 12–70+, bisexual
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spike staminate. Proximal pistillate scales with apex rough-awned, awn to 8.3 mm. Perigynia ascending, yellowbrown to dark-brown when mature, distinctly
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compressed; scales 8–100+, spirally arranged, each subtending flower or proximal 1–2 empty. Flowers bisexual; perianth absent; stamens 1–3; styles flattened
13 KB (547 words) - 01:31, 30 July 2020
rounded to flat-topped, cymiform arrays (to 12 cm wide). Peduncles 1–20 mm (bracts usually 0, sometimes 1–5, reduced, scalelike). Involucres obconic to
16 KB (1,091 words) - 20:55, 29 July 2020
page 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 89, 425, 438. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 15–250+ cm (taprooted, rhizomatous in G. oölepis). Stems (1–6+) usually
23 KB (1,525 words) - 22:29, 29 July 2020
Veronica undulata, Veronica verna, Veronica wormskjoldii Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 9. 1753. Dirk C. Albach Common names: Speedwell Etymology: Late Latin form
20 KB (967 words) - 19:23, 29 July 2020
sympodial; bracteoles absent below perianth. Flowers solitary or in heads. Capsules 1-locular or usually 3-locular. Seeds usually not tailed. North America and south
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page 11, 13, 17, 194, 351. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 1–2 (–3) or (1–) 5–15 (–75+) cm (usually taprooted or developing ± woody caudices, sometimes
18 KB (845 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
staminode 0.1–0.4 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, glabrous or distal 10–50% hairy, hairs to 1.5 mm; style glabrous. Capsules glabrous. Seeds brown, 0.8–4 mm
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present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body thick-lenticular or asymmetrically thick-lenticular to compressed-globose, 1.2-2 times as wide as thick
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neuter; corollas yellow to orange or ochroleucous [reddish]. Disc-florets 8–150 [–300+], bisexual, fertile; corollas usually concolorous with rays, tubes much
12 KB (721 words) - 23:07, 29 July 2020
sometimes ± obovate, oblanceolate, or suborbiculate, 3–8 cm, ± coriaceous to ± thin, lobes 0 or 1–4 per side, obscure to evident and sinuses shallow to
8 KB (677 words) - 14:35, 30 July 2020
nodding, 1–4-flowered clusters or 4–17-flowered racemes (panicles); bracts absent; bracteoles sometimes present. Pedicels present, proximal 1–3 subtended
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ribs obscure or absent, smooth or papillose-scabridulous. Leaves: ocrea 4–8-veined, proximal part not pruinose; petiole (or blade when petiole absent)
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stem leaves 1.2–1.5 mm and stems usually 1–2 cm and slender (related to the leaf size); ‘medium’ refers to stem leaves 1.5–3 mm and stems 2–4 cm; ‘large’
18 KB (782 words) - 07:52, 30 July 2020
internodes, open; ligules membranous and ciliate or of hairs; blades 6-25 cm long, 1-8 mm wide, flat or involute, margins not thick and cartilaginous. Inflorescences
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minutely reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. x = 8. North America, Europe, Asia, n, alpine, c, e Africa Species ca. 70 (15 in
15 KB (974 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
broadly elliptic, 3–8 (–12) cm, coriaceous or thin, lobes 0 or 3–5 (–8) per side, sinuses shallow, max LII usually 20%, veins (3–) 5–8 per side, absent to
6 KB (606 words) - 14:37, 30 July 2020
Selaginella rupestris and its allies. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 42: 1--99, plates 1--6. Tryon, R. M. 1971. The process of evolutionary migration in species
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Mentioned on page 8, 12, 13, 19, 394, 396, 402. Annuals, biennials, or perennials (subshrubs in D. canescens var. ziegleri), 10–100 cm; taprooted. Stems
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overlapping sheathing bases; blade linear, rarely exceeding 1 cm wide, smooth. Scape hollow. Inflorescence 1-flowered (rarely 2-flowered in Z. drummondii), spathaceous
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to flattened, coat with crust with longitudinal surface striations. x = 6, 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, or 24. w North America including Mexico (Baja California)
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branches, usually exceeding the leaves; branches 1-22 cm, digitate, subdigitate, or racemose on the rachises, 1-sided, usually spikelet-bearing throughout their
14 KB (1,093 words) - 04:44, 30 July 2020
Mellichamp Common names: Pitcher Plant Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 348. Mentioned on page 349. Herbs, perennial, (carnivorous)
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pistillate, fertile; corollas white to purple (coiling at maturity). Disc-florets 8–260, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, becoming purple at maturity, barely
20 KB (1,017 words) - 22:19, 29 July 2020
perennials (sometimes aromatic), (4–) 15–150 (–200) cm (usually taprooted, sometimes fibrous-rooted). Stems 1+, usually erect, sometimes decumbent to procumbent
17 KB (673 words) - 20:34, 29 July 2020
usually obliquely rostrate, peristome single, with 16 teeth often divided 1/2 way to the base, usually striolate or pitted-striolate proximally, papillose
14 KB (515 words) - 06:54, 30 July 2020
on page 8, 215, 240, 241, 242. Perennials, (10–) 30–400 (–600+ in fruit) cm (sexual or apomictic); taprooted or with branched caudices. Stems (1–10+) erect
28 KB (2,401 words) - 20:10, 29 July 2020
Unripe follicles erect. 2n = 34. Generated Map Legacy Map Calif. Subspecies 8 (8 in the flora). Dudleya cymosa, a widespread diploid, is the only species
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apex round to acute. Inflorescences racemes, panicles, rarely umbels, of 1–17 whorls, erect, emersed or floating, rarely submersed; bracts coarse or delicate
14 KB (539 words) - 00:58, 30 July 2020
umbellate, 0.7–5 (–7) × 1.5–5 cm; bracts 3, scalelike, linear to triangular, 0.8–4 mm. Peduncles absent. Involucres 1 per node or (2–) 3–15 per cluster, turbinate
13 KB (1,117 words) - 10:39, 30 July 2020
rounded to truncate, attenuate to apiculate, usually hairy. Ray-florets 0 or 8–15+; corollas bright-yellow. Discs 12–60 (–80) × 10–30 mm. Disc-florets (100–)
12 KB (678 words) - 23:55, 29 July 2020
Involucres 1 per node, usually appressed to the inflorescence branches, cylindric to turbinate or rarely campanulate; teeth 5, rarely 6–8, erect or rarely
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ovate to subcircular, rounded-trigonous to terete in cross-section, 2.5–8 × 1.2–3.5 mm, 2–2.5 times as long as wide, dull, base rounded, apex tapering
13 KB (709 words) - 02:14, 30 July 2020
Leaf-blade 1-3×-ternately compound, leaflets lobed or parted, margins crenate. Inflorescences terminal, 1-10-flowered cymes or solitary flowers, to 30 cm; bracts
12 KB (514 words) - 08:29, 30 July 2020
V-shaped in cross-section when young, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose, with (1–) 2–10 (–15) spikes; rachis of spikes glabrous; proximal bracts scalelike,
11 KB (598 words) - 01:52, 30 July 2020
after anthesis; stamens 1–50, distinct to scarcely connate and/or adnate to petals basally; ovules 1–50; style branched; stigmas 2–8. Capsules dehiscence
13 KB (537 words) - 09:45, 30 July 2020
25 cm × 2.5–4 mm. Inflorescences terminal, spikelets solitary, erect or (1–) 2–10 (–30) in subcapitate or subumbellate panicle; involucral-bracts 1–several
10 KB (422 words) - 01:32, 30 July 2020
achenes, individually deciduous, 1–20+, obliquely ovoid to reniform, 0.8–3 mm, sometimes rugose and/or carunculate, glabrous; hypanthium persistent; sepals
19 KB (1,253 words) - 14:03, 30 July 2020
minutely bifid, or toothed, teeth shorter than 1 mm, apices sometimes split and the teeth appearing longer; awns (0) 1 (3), straight or flexuous, recurved or divaricate
9 KB (742 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
Pyrrocoma racemosa, Pyrrocoma radiata, Pyrrocoma uniflora Hooker Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 306, plate 107. 1833. David J. Bogler Common names: Goldenweed Etymology:
15 KB (811 words) - 22:27, 29 July 2020
Sp. Pl. 1: 349. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 166. 1754 ,. Sam P. Vander Kloet Etymology: Latin name for blueberry Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment
13 KB (607 words) - 12:52, 30 July 2020
1945. A cytotaxonomic study of the North American species of Melica. Madrono 8:1-26 Farwell, O.A. 1919. Bromelica (Thurber): A new genus of grasses. Rhodora
16 KB (1,258 words) - 02:39, 30 July 2020
Roots 4-15-branched, 10-80 cm, twisted fibrous, dry; buds more than 3 mm, usually present throughout dormant season. Stems (1-) 3-8 (-19) per root, usually
9 KB (653 words) - 08:27, 30 July 2020
in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 452. Mentioned on page 8, 451. Annuals, mostly 2–90 cm; taprooted. Stems erect or decumbent, simple or branched from
12 KB (729 words) - 20:57, 29 July 2020
Staminate flowers: sepals 4, not petaloid, 1–2 [–3] mm, valvate, distinct [connate]; petals 0; nectary absent; stamens 4–8, distinct; anthers elongated and twisted
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sparsely hairy, hairs 0.2-0.8 mm, apices prow-shaped, sometimes narrowly prow-shaped, flag leaf-blades 1.5-10 cm. Panicles 2-18 (20) cm, loosely contracted to
10 KB (1,062 words) - 03:18, 30 July 2020
pirifolia, Rhamnus serrata, Rhamnus smithii, Rhamnus utilis Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 193. 1753. Guy L. Nesom, John O. Sawyer† Common names: Buckthorn nerprun Etymology:
12 KB (452 words) - 18:31, 29 July 2020
obscurely rounded or angled on 1 or both surfaces, margins usually inconspicuously calloused and sparsely short-hairy; pappi 0 or of 1–2 (–6) equal or subequal
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triangular, 1–5 mm. Peduncles absent or mostly erect, slender, 0.3–1.5 cm, tomentose to floccose. Involucres 1 per node, turbinate, (1.5–) 2–3.5 (–4) × 1.3–2.5
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entire or lobed; style present. Fruits achenes, 1-locular; achene body globose-lenticular to globose, 1-2 times as wide as thick, not prolonged beyond seed;
9 KB (584 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
unlobed or 1-3× pinnately lobed or parted; margins entire or toothed, scalloped, or incised. Inflorescences cymiform, with flowers disposed in 1s, 2s or 3s
11 KB (522 words) - 08:35, 30 July 2020
crenate crowns or rings of (1–) 8–25+ teeth (mostly 0.05–0.1 mm) plus 0–6, coarse, smooth bristles (setiform scales), all in ± 1 series, subtending (i.e.
16 KB (748 words) - 20:19, 29 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 51. Mentioned on page 4, 7, 8, 50, 57, 71, 105, 117, 137. Plants annual or perennial, sometimes densely matted
12 KB (698 words) - 10:04, 30 July 2020
indusia absent. Spores usually transparent or yellowish (rarely greenish), all 1 kind, bilateral, monolete [rarely trilete, as in some Loxogramme], surface
9 KB (348 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
Involucres campanulate, cylindric, ellipsoid, or fusiform, 2–8+ mm diam. Phyllaries 3–15 [–21] in 1 series (usually distinct, falling individually, each with
14 KB (1,174 words) - 23:30, 29 July 2020
tapering to rounded, abruptly or gradually beak, smooth, glabrous; beak 0.1–1.8 mm, usually more than 5 mm, orifice entire. Stigmas 3. Achenes trigonous;
12 KB (663 words) - 02:07, 30 July 2020
evolution of Cordylanthus (Scrophulariaceae—Pedicularieae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 10: 1–105. Cordylanthus capitatus, Cordylanthus eremicus, Cordylanthus kingii, Cordylanthus
10 KB (460 words) - 18:57, 29 July 2020
broadly elliptic, (1.5–) 3–6 (–9) cm, thin to chartaceous, base cuneate to rounded, sometimes truncate to subcordate, lobes 0 or 1–4 (or 5) per side, sinuses
16 KB (1,084 words) - 14:44, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 247. Mentioned on page 226, 227, 241, 244, 248. Plants 1–8 cm. Stem central strand present or absent. Leaves lanceolate to ovatelanceolate
4 KB (635 words) - 06:50, 30 July 2020
nectary extrastaminal, annular and 5-lobed or of 5 glands; stamens [6–] 8 or 10 in 1–2 whorls, distinct or connate basally to most of length; pistillode absent
14 KB (637 words) - 18:28, 29 July 2020
with 1 floret. Glumes unequal, strongly keeled; lower glumes shorter than the florets, 1-veined; upper glumes usually longer than the florets, 1-6-veined;
15 KB (1,152 words) - 04:46, 30 July 2020
Mentioned on page 333, 334. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 2–45 (–75) cm (glabrous or hairy, often glanddotted). Stems erect to pendent. Leaves mostly
8 KB (548 words) - 23:47, 29 July 2020
Cypselae ± obpyramidal, moderately to densely hairy; pappi persistent, of 4–8 usually aristate, scales. x = 15. North America, Mexico Species 9 (9 in the
10 KB (710 words) - 22:39, 29 July 2020
-branched, 3-8 (-30) cm, fascicled, dry to fleshy, ± succulent, thin threadlike segments restricted to termini of major segment; buds minute. Stems 1 (-2) per
7 KB (525 words) - 08:42, 30 July 2020
ovary, turbinate, obconic, or hemispheric, weakly or strongly 4-ribbed or 8-ribbed in fruit; sepals usually persistent, 4, spreading or reflexed, deltate
21 KB (1,536 words) - 18:15, 29 July 2020
glabrous. Receptacles ± flat, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 0–21 (usually 5, 8, or 13), pistillate, fertile; corollas violet-purple, purple, pink, or white
12 KB (637 words) - 21:48, 29 July 2020
usually terminal spikes, distichous, with 1 spikelet per node, occasionally branched; internodes (0.5) 1.4-8 mm; disarticulation in the rachises, the spikelets
16 KB (1,599 words) - 02:57, 30 July 2020
shrubs, or trees, 10–600 cm (dioecious [rarely monoecious], usually glabrous, often resinous; bases woody, rarely rhizomatous). Stems (1–20+) usually erect or
19 KB (1,032 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
sometimes red or orange, or not changing color, 1.5–8 mm; stamens subequal, filaments 1.5–5.5 mm, anthers 1.5–6 mm, ciliate; style 5–16 mm, stigma exserted
11 KB (951 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
brown, black or gray, irregularly or obliquely obovoid or pyriform, 1.5–5 × 1–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, papillate, sometimes also rugose, shiny; testa cells convex
14 KB (926 words) - 09:24, 30 July 2020
apex; stigmas usually capitate, rarely linear. Capsules dehiscing into 10, 1-seeded segments or 5, 2-seeded segments; false septa incomplete to complete
12 KB (469 words) - 18:17, 29 July 2020
usually papillate-swollen in proximal 1/5 or less, sometimes to proximal 1/3 (–1/2) or not at all, 0.7–1.2 (–1.5) mm. Achenes smooth or slightly rugose
21 KB (1,382 words) - 14:01, 30 July 2020
Calyculi 0 or of 1–2 bractlets. Involucres campanulate, cylindric, obconic, turbinate, or urceolate. Phyllaries persistent, 2–8 in ± 1 series (distinct
7 KB (473 words) - 23:35, 29 July 2020
Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets 5–20; corollas 8–12.5 mm. Cypselae tan, narrowly ellipsoid to subturbinate, 3–8 mm, sericeous; pappi off-white to brown, 3
11 KB (730 words) - 21:17, 29 July 2020
Joseph Gay-Lussac, 1778–1850, French chemist Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 530. Mentioned on page 372, 374, 496, 515, 531. Illustrator:
10 KB (580 words) - 12:53, 30 July 2020
Argemone polyanthemos, Argemone sanguinea, Argemone squarrosa Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 508. 175. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 225. 1754. Gerald B. Ownbey Common names: Prickly-poppy
14 KB (554 words) - 08:36, 30 July 2020
usually 3–6 per mericarp, usually turbinate, puberulent or scabridulous. x = 7, 8. United States, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Asia,
12 KB (726 words) - 11:23, 30 July 2020
maturity; rachises usually terete, with (1) 5-many fascicles; fascicle axes 0.2-7.5 (28) mm, with (1) 3-130+ bristles and 1-12 spikelets. Bristles free or fused
18 KB (1,301 words) - 04:12, 30 July 2020
Capsule dry, dehiscent. Seeds flattened or rounded, sometimes winged. x = 6, 7, 8. Nearly worldwide Species ca. 300 (12 in the flora). Most European and tropical
10 KB (491 words) - 08:21, 30 July 2020
diam. Phyllaries falling, 3–35 in 1 series (± lanceolate to lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each usually 1/2 enveloping subtended ray-floret
14 KB (819 words) - 23:40, 29 July 2020
or perennials; cespitose, sometimes shortly rhizomatous. Culms to 135 (150) cm, erect, geniculate, or decumbent; nodes glabrous or pubescent. Sheaths open
14 KB (1,269 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
Clematis viorna, Clematis viticaulis A. Gray in A. Gray et al. Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(1): 5. 1895. James S. Pringle Basionym: Undefined subg. Viorna Spach 1839 Treatment
13 KB (470 words) - 08:24, 30 July 2020
sometimes to 2 cm; disarticulation below the glumes. Spikelets 1.8-7 mm, pedicellate, strongly laterally compressed, oval in outline, with 1 floret; rachillas
13 KB (1,084 words) - 02:42, 30 July 2020
cells typically fibrillose and porose on branch leaves. Protonema typically 1-stratose, gametophyte developing from lateral margin. Stems differentiated
16 KB (943 words) - 06:58, 30 July 2020
obovata, Frangula purshiana, Frangula rubra Miller Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4, vol. 1. 1754. John O. Sawyer†, Guy L. Nesom Common names: Buckthorn Etymology: Probably
10 KB (499 words) - 18:33, 29 July 2020
described as linear if, 1 cm below the spike, they are 1 mm or more wide, or as filiform if, at that level, they are less than 1 mm wide. Petal color is
16 KB (658 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
petals white, obovate, oblong, or obovate-cuneate, 4.5–10 mm, 1.6–1.8 times as long as wide, 0.5–1.1 times longer than sepals, apex retuse, obtuse, erose, truncate
7 KB (436 words) - 12:05, 30 July 2020
(proximal usually alternate): blades mostly lanceolate to oblanceolate, 1–8 cm, often 1–2 (–3) -pinnately lobed, ultimate margins toothed, serrate, or entire
11 KB (916 words) - 23:56, 29 July 2020
sheathing up stem 0.5–4 dm; petiole 1–10 cm, glabrous or tomentose; blade oblanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 1–6 × (0.3–) 1–4 cm, densely white-lanate or tomentose
14 KB (1,118 words) - 10:38, 30 July 2020
than bodies of perigynia; style deciduous. Temperate e North America Species 8 (8 in the flora). Eight species formerly included in sect. Laxiflorae in recent
9 KB (460 words) - 02:08, 30 July 2020
loculicidal. Seeds 2–20 per capsule, elongate, twisted and flattened at ends. x = 8, 11, 26. North America including Mexico, Central America, e Asia (Japan), e
13 KB (735 words) - 06:04, 30 July 2020
on page 426. Mentioned on page 415, 416. Annuals or perennials, 10–160 cm. Stems 1 (–10), erect, simple or branched distally (usually ± winged by decurrent
13 KB (702 words) - 15:32, 15 December 2020
pappi 0, or of 1–12 erose, fimbriate, or laciniate, truncate or aristate scales (sometimes 2 kinds in combination on single cypselae). x = 8. w North America
11 KB (916 words) - 23:52, 29 July 2020
campanulate or turbinate to hemispheric, 11–30+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 8–20+ in 2–3+ series (subequal to unequal, outer equaling or surpassing inner)
13 KB (768 words) - 23:05, 29 July 2020
on page 52, 68, 486, 531. Perennials or subshrubs, (1–) 5–60 (–70) cm (usually aromatic). Stems 1–5+ (with interxylary cork), lax to erect, branched from
9 KB (565 words) - 20:44, 29 July 2020
(H. coccineus, H. poeppigii, H. schizopetalus); ovary 5-carpellate; ovules 8–60 per carpel; styles 5-branched from or beyond orifice of staminal column;
20 KB (1,253 words) - 11:27, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 445. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 15, 386, 446. Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 20–250 cm (root crowns woody). Stems erect, usually much
11 KB (801 words) - 20:56, 29 July 2020
pyrenes 2–4 (or 5), sides plane to deeply pitted. w North America Species 8 (8 in the flora). Members of ser. Purpureofructus occur from the Okanagan Valley
14 KB (936 words) - 14:35, 30 July 2020
revolute, distal 1/4–3/4+ evenly to unevenly incised 1/4–1/2 to midvein, sometimes 3–5-lobed 1/2–3/4 to midvein as well, primary teeth (1–) 2–5 (–7) per
14 KB (899 words) - 13:59, 30 July 2020
hair; stamens 8, subequal, in 2 whorls, connective bases appendaged; anthers straight or downcurved, linear to linear-lanceolate, 4-locular (1-locular at
15 KB (925 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
axile; stigma capitate. Capsules: dehiscence septicidal, opening in distal 1/2, margins ciliate, sometimes glabrous or short-ciliate (E. salisburgensis)
17 KB (854 words) - 19:26, 29 July 2020
swollen or not; perianth campanulate; tepals 4–5, connate 1/4–2/3 their length; stamens 5–8; styles deciduous, 2–3, included or exserted (exserted syles
12 KB (760 words) - 10:11, 30 July 2020
similar to medial cells, usually shorter, 1–4: 1, walls pitted; medial cells quadrate to elongate-rhomboidal, 1–4: 1, 1-papillose to prorate, walls firm to thin;
12 KB (631 words) - 07:45, 30 July 2020
proximal 1/2 of hood and neck, without white areolae, ovate, undulate, 0.8–9 × 0.8–8.8 cm, longer than wide, base cordate, neck 0.5–1.5 cm, apiculum 1–3 mm
10 KB (1,044 words) - 13:09, 30 July 2020
2–2.8 × 1.6–2.2 mm. > 20 20 Involucral gland appendages 2.5–3.5(–4.5) × 2.5–3.2 mm; peduncles (1.5–)5–11(–13) mm (proximal to 70 mm); seeds 2.5–2.8 mm.
16 KB (581 words) - 18:23, 29 July 2020
to elliptic, dorsally compressed; embryos 1/2 - 3/4 as long as the caryopses; hila punctate to linear, x = 7, 8, 9, or 10. Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Fla
18 KB (1,245 words) - 04:10, 30 July 2020
several to many, erect to spreading, straight to recurved, 1–100 cm; ligule deltate to cordiform, 1–6 mm, membranous. Sporangia ovoid to ellipsoid or oblong
15 KB (1,109 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
straight in fruit, 0.2–3 (–6.5) cm, proximal often much longer than distal. Flowers 5-merous; hypanthium (3–) 3.5–6 (–8) mm diam.; petals bright-yellow
18 KB (1,044 words) - 13:56, 30 July 2020
Involucres obconic to turbinate or campanulate, (3–9.5 ×) 2–8 mm. Phyllaries 15–30 in (3–) 4–6 series, 1-nerved (midnerves usually barely evident; flat to convex)
12 KB (695 words) - 20:55, 29 July 2020
FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 150. Mentioned on page 149, 151. Herbs [shrubs], annual or perennial, aquatic or terrestrial, not viviparous, 0.1–5 dm, glabrous
11 KB (847 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
costa single, well developed, subpercurrent to excurrent, in section with 1 row of guide cells and 2 stereid bands, adaxial band sometimes much reduced;
12 KB (480 words) - 06:59, 30 July 2020
120, 274, 303, 304, 310. Herbs, perennial, 0.2–4 (–8) dm; rhizomatous, often forming woody stock. Stems 1–6 (–10), decumbent to ascending or erect, usually
18 KB (1,235 words) - 14:11, 30 July 2020
sepals sometimes with subapical setose to leaflike projection; stamens 5 [8], usually alternate with petals, borne on short-to-elongate androgynophore;
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names: Eastwood’s manzanita Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 442. Mentioned on page 409, 435, 441, 445. Illustrator: Yevonn
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or perennial [rarely subshrubs], deciduous, stems 1–2 cm (except also caulescent stems to 8 (–20) cm in D. intermedia), usually forming overwintering buds
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434, 435, 436, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445. Shrubs or trees, 10–300 dm. Stems 1–8, erect or ascending; bark gray to brown or bronze, usually smooth, becoming
21 KB (1,208 words) - 14:28, 30 July 2020
bulbils. Flowering-stems erect, leafy, 8–85 cm, stipitate-glandular. Leaves in basal rosette and cauline; cauline leaves (1–) 2 (–10), usually alternate (opposite
11 KB (517 words) - 12:55, 30 July 2020
short rhizomes or stolons, not producing subterranean spikelets. Culms 20-250 cm, erect or decumbent, usually with 2-5 nodes. Sheaths open; auricles absent;
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apex; costa percurrent or excurrent, occupying most of subula, 1/6–1/3 width of leaf base, 1 row of guide cells, 2 stereid bands, adaxial stereid band sometimes
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lanceolate to trullate or deltate, (2.5–) 4–7 (–8) cm, thin or chartaceous, base ± cuneate to rounded, lobes 0 or (1–) 3 or 4 (or 5) per side, sinuses usually
15 KB (1,064 words) - 14:43, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 5. Mentioned on page 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 21, 25, 26, 51, 52, 67. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora
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whitish to purplish, apices 0.1-0.8 mm wide, not beaked or the beak less than 3 mm, junction with the awns not conspicuous; awns (8) 13-140 mm, ascending to
12 KB (899 words) - 03:54, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 236. Mentioned on page 216, 217, 225, 237, 657, 658. Plants 1–8 (–12) cm, in tufts or mats. Stems red or reddish-brown, becoming darker, sometimes
12 KB (627 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
1944. The cytogenetics of hybrids in Bromus: 1. Hybrids within the section Ceratochloa. Amer. J. Bot. 31:1-11 Stebbins, G.L., Jr. 1947. The origin of the
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Ocean Islands (Madagascar), Pacific Islands (Hawaii), widely Species ca. 30 (8 in the flora). Branches of some Colubrina species are rigid but rarely produce
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erect-ascending to arcuate-spreading, subulate or needlelike to filiform, (0.8–) 2–11 (–14) cm × 0.4–2 mm, flexuous or rigid, herbaceous to ± fleshy, apex obtuse
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or lanate to tomentose, sometimes glabrescent. Heads discoid, (1–3) in distil axils or (3–8) in corymbiform clusters. Calyculi 0. Involucres turbinate to
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faint, lateral-veins ascending, nearly straight, several. Inflorescences 1–19-flowered, flowers solitary in leaf-axils, or in umbels or panicles of umbels
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just below rim, erect, yellow or green, 3.5–5.8 cm; anthers yellow, 12–34 mm; ovary (2–) 3–4.5 (–4.8) cm, neck slightly constricted, 4–9 mm. Capsules short-pedicellate
8 KB (569 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
abaxially, mid dark green adaxially, elliptic to ovate or ovate-deltate, 3–6 (–8) cm, thin to chartaceous, base cuneate to rounded or truncate to subcordate,
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inserted at or 1–3 mm above base of perianth-tube, erect, white, 1.3–2.4 cm; anthers pale-yellow, 5–12 mm; ovary 1.2–2.9 cm, neck constricted, 3.5–8.5 (–10) mm
7 KB (560 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
corymbiform to paniculiform arrays (6–) 10–25+ cm diam. Involucres ± campanulate to obconic or hemispheric, 3–8 (–11+) mm diam. Phyllaries 18–70+ in 4–7+ series
13 KB (807 words) - 20:05, 29 July 2020
hyaline lemmas; upper florets bisexual, lemmas hyaline, bilobed or bifid to 7/8 of their length (rarely entire), awned from the sinuses; anthers 3. Pedicels
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prow-shaped. Panicles 1-12 cm, erect or slightly nodding, contracted or open, usually narrowly lanceolate to ovate, sometimes pyramidal; nodes with 1-3 (5) branches;
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Legacy Map Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nebr., Nev., S.Dak., Utah, Wyo. Varieties 8 (8 in the flora). Eriogonum brevicaule is highly variable, and the variation
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Univ. 1: 620, plate suppl. 3, fig. 9. 1826 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 156. Mentioned on page 155, 166. Stems 0.5–4 (–12) cm, usually
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photosynthetic; resin canals absent. Pollen cones compound, 1–10 in whorls at nodes; each compound cone composed of 2–8 sets of opposite or whorled membranous bracts
9 KB (479 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
puberulent. Pedicels (0.7–) 1–5 (–7) cm, glabrous or glandular-pubescent or puberulent. Flowers: calyx green, usually purple-flecked, 4–8 mm, glabrous or glandular-pubescent
13 KB (1,045 words) - 13:06, 30 July 2020
gynodioecious, dioecious, or trioecious), 12–29.8 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets 5; hypanthium saucer-shaped, 9.5–27.8 mm diam., hairy; sepals 5, spreading, broadly
14 KB (994 words) - 14:08, 30 July 2020
FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 183. Mentioned on page 173, 179, 185, 186. Caudices simple or apically branching and cespitose, 0.5–8 × 1–3 cm, axillary
9 KB (768 words) - 13:01, 30 July 2020
temperate regions, North America, Mexico, Eurasia Species ca. 35 (8 in the flora with 7 native and 1 naturalized). Roche, L. 1969. A genecological study of the
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hemispheric to urceolate, 4–15+ mm diam. Phyllaries 5–8 in ± 2 series, persistent, connate 1/5–7/8+ their lengths, lanceovate to ovate, ± equal, ± leathery
11 KB (661 words) - 23:26, 29 July 2020
ovate to elliptic-oblong, leathery, 10-cm leaves; and paired axillary, globose, warty, rusty-pubescent syconia 1 cm in diameter. Vernacular names include
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Roots 2-8-branched, fusiform, fascicled, 3-8 (-15) cm, ± fleshy; buds minute. Stems 1 (-2) per root, usually unbranched, elongation
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in staminate flowers. Achenes flattened or nearly terete; beak more than 1.5 cm, plumose. Worldwide Species 50-100 (11 in the flora). The Asian (Korean)
8 KB (418 words) - 08:38, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 88. Mentioned on page 8, 9, 13, 87, 89, 94, 95, 437. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, 10–150 (–200) cm (taprooted). Stems erect to ascending
13 KB (837 words) - 21:29, 29 July 2020
reddish-brown, ± equal, barbellulate bristles in 1 series. x = 8. North America, n Asia, sc Africa (1 species) Species ca. 26–30 (14 in the flora). Prenanthes
14 KB (741 words) - 20:12, 29 July 2020
Involucres turbinate-campanulate, 7–21 × 8–12 mm. Phyllaries 10–16, lanceolate or oblong, 8–10 mm, (bases keeled and thickened, margins scarious) apices usually
8 KB (661 words) - 20:09, 29 July 2020
thinly lanate to densely woolly (hairs crisped, tangled, or matted, usually 0.8+ mm) and/or glanddotted, glandular-puberulent, glandular-villous, or stipitate-glandular
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Spores 8–25 µm. KOH laminal color reaction medium orange to yellowish orange, occasionally yellow. Worldwide except Antarctica Species ca. 130 (8 in the
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 437. Mentioned on page 410, 411, 412, 413. Shrubs or trees, erect, 2–8 m; burl absent or prominent, globose;
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on page 8, 10, 14, 211, 214, 222, 231, 232. Biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 20–110 (–150) cm, hairs usually soft, flexible, flagelliform (1–5 large
16 KB (980 words) - 21:51, 29 July 2020
(sometimes deciduous), 3–8-palmatifid, threadlike, or setaceous; petiole without pulvinus (usually longer than leaflets); leaflets (1 or) 3. Inflorescences
8 KB (453 words) - 12:06, 30 July 2020
distal leaf-blades at least 2 mm, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose, with 2–8+ spikes; proximal nonbasal bracts filiform or scalelike, sheathing at least
9 KB (463 words) - 02:12, 30 July 2020
sometimes scarious at maturity; stamens absent [rudimentary]; pistil 1; ovule 1; style 0.1–1 mm, or absent; stigmas 2–3 (–5), slender. Staminate flowers: tepals
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species. a detailed biosystematic study of this complex is needed Subspecies 8 (8 in the flora). None. Camassia quamash subsp. azurea, Camassia quamash subsp
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lemmas 2.6-7 mm, lanceolate, apices acute; anthers 3, vestigial (0.1-0.2 mm) or (1.3) 1.8-4 mm. The seven species of the Poa nervosa complex are typically
8 KB (1,032 words) - 03:20, 30 July 2020
or apparently absent; stamens 2–8, usually 4 or 8; filaments lanceolate to narrowly oblong; ovary 1/2–3/4-inferior, 1-locular, carpels connate 3/4–4/5
12 KB (856 words) - 12:55, 30 July 2020
arrays 7–36 (–50) × 9–26 cm, compact to lax, branches divergent and recurved, longest 0.8–34 cm, leafy-bracteate. Peduncles 1–1.8 mm, sparsely to densely
12 KB (875 words) - 21:39, 29 July 2020
tough, margins absent. x=9. Subtropical and temperate North America Species 8 (8 in the flora). None. Asimina incana, Asimina longifolia, Asimina obovata
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dark purple, or red; styles 1–5. Pomes rose to deep red, sometimes orange-red, rarely yellow, suborbicular to ± oblong, (7–) 8–15 mm diam., glabrous or pubescent;
13 KB (1,053 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
Inflorescences panicles, 2–8-branched; immature inflorescence pendent, rarely ascending, branches spreading, axis 1–2.5 cm, 1+ mm diam., sparsely to densely
8 KB (686 words) - 13:15, 30 July 2020
cream or yellow, sometimes dark-pink, orange-red, or nearly black, 0.8–1.5 mm; style 3–8 mm. Nutlets dark-brown, black, or gray, 2–5 mm, smooth, ridged, or
8 KB (525 words) - 12:04, 30 July 2020
abruptly constricted to awnlike tips; discs 10–45 × 15–40 mm). Ray-florets 8–21, neuter; corollas dark purple to pale-pink, white, or yellow (tubes glabrous
10 KB (797 words) - 23:04, 29 July 2020
minutely barbed, stiff bristles or narrow scales. x = 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15. Introduced; Eurasia, n Africa, widely worldwide Species ca. 500 (20 in the
21 KB (1,712 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
pairs; petals 4, yellow, fading red, often with red dots basally; stamens 8, in 2 unequal series, anthers versatile, pollen shed singly; ovary 4-locular
14 KB (984 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
scales or bristles (often each basally villous and/or adaxially woolly). x = 8. w North America, nw Mexico Species 14 (14 in the flora). Layia is evidently
14 KB (738 words) - 23:38, 29 July 2020
or drupaceous, usually fleshy, rarely dry, indehiscent [dehiscent]. Seeds 1 [–8], usually with endosperm, testate; cotyledons 2, embryo achlorophyllous.
7 KB (355 words) - 11:39, 30 July 2020
medially 3-ribbed, 1.8–2.7 (–3.4) × (1–) 1.5–1.8 (–2.4) mm, apex acute or subacute. Flowers: anthers (1–) 1.2–1.5 (–2.1) mm; styles (0.7–) 1–1.2 (–2.2) mm; stigmas
10 KB (694 words) - 01:35, 30 July 2020
to moderately scabrellous to strigillose or appressed-puberulent (hairs 0.1–0.8+ mm), not glanddotted. Heads radiate, discoid, disciform, or radiant, in
10 KB (644 words) - 00:02, 30 July 2020
petiole 0.3–19.7 cm, glabrous or puberulent; blade ovate, oblong, elliptic, deltate, or lanceolate, 0.9–5.2 × 0.2–2.9 cm, length 0.8–7.1 times width, margins
11 KB (690 words) - 11:18, 30 July 2020
(4–) 8–20 dm, glabrous or finely pubescent; branches, when present, 0.5–1 dm; bracts erect, linear, proximal 10–20 × 1–2 cm, distal 3–8 × 1–2 cm; peduncle
10 KB (682 words) - 06:11, 30 July 2020
arrangement: terminal pleiochasia with (1–) 2–17 primary branches; individual pleiochasial branches unbranched or 2–4 branched at 1 or more successive nodes; bracts
19 KB (827 words) - 18:28, 29 July 2020
Volume 28. Treatment on page 166. Mentioned on page 155, 156. Stems 0.5–4 (–6) cm, usually comose; sparsely to moderately radiculose. Leaves ovate, ovatelanceolate
11 KB (764 words) - 07:38, 30 July 2020
contracted; panicles 8-80 cm long, to 60 cm wide, simple, flexible, branches not spikelike, not disarticulating. Spikelets with 1 floret, laterally compressed
7 KB (719 words) - 04:37, 30 July 2020
series, outer of (4–) 5 (–8) minute or broad, white-hyaline or scarious, sometimes irregular scales plus inner of (4–) 5 (–8) alternating, tawny, sometimes
12 KB (754 words) - 21:50, 29 July 2020
7–28 cm, rigid; blade cordate, 4–8 × 1.8–5.2 cm. Inflorescences paniculate, 3–8-flowered, all flowers opening same day; spathes 1.9–4 cm, sometimes with
6 KB (494 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
perennial, subscapose or leafy-stemmed, 1–12 dm, glabrous or hairy; from stout caudices or rhizomatous, fibrous-rooted. Stems 1–5, erect, simple. Leaves winter-persistent
22 KB (1,259 words) - 14:34, 30 July 2020
Peduncles not inflated distally, bracteate. Calyculi of 8–16, ovate to subulate or scalelike bracteoles in 1–2 series, unequal, margins scarious to erose-ciliate
9 KB (559 words) - 20:28, 29 July 2020
recurved, 1–2-years old brown, purple-brown, deep chestnut-brown to shiny, dark-brown, black, or dark gray-brown, slender or ± fine, 1.5–4 cm. Leaves: petiole
17 KB (1,102 words) - 13:45, 30 July 2020
ciliate; blades of basal leaves 3-60 cm long, 0.2-8 mm wide, apices narrowly acute to acute, not sharp, flag leaf-blades 1-80 mm, bases about as wide as the
14 KB (1,340 words) - 02:49, 30 July 2020
2–4.2 mm, to 0.1 mm diam. Capsules ovoid, 3–8.5 mm, beaks divergent, not papillose. Seeds black, broadly ellipsoid, (not curved), 0.5–0.8 mm. Generated
8 KB (671 words) - 12:57, 30 July 2020
margin with 0–3 (–9) teeth on proximal 1/2 and (0–) 3–5 (–8) teeth in distalmost cm, largest teeth more than 1 mm, apex rounded to truncate or occasionally
9 KB (824 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
ovate-deltate, 4–8 (–12) cm, thin to ± firmly chartaceous, base broadly cuneate to subtruncate or rounded, lobes 0 or 1–6 per side (1 or 2 apiculi per
16 KB (1,227 words) - 14:40, 30 July 2020
alveolate, but appearing smooth. 2n = 14, 28. w, c North America, n Mexico Species 8 (7 in the flora). Section Anogra consists of eight species (17 taxa) native
11 KB (948 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
on page 229. Mentioned on page 10, 216, 231, 239, 647, 659. Plants (1–) 2–5 (–10) cm, dense or open mats. Stems green or yellow-green, usually brownish
15 KB (750 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
adaxial epidermis present, adaxial stereid band present, guide cells 4–6 (–8) in 1 layer, hydroid strand absent, abaxial stereid band present, crescent in
18 KB (1,487 words) - 07:02, 30 July 2020
226, 227. Bulbs 1–4+, without rhizome, with or without basal bulbels, often clustered, ovoid, 1–2.5 × 0.6–3 cm; outer coats enclosing 1 or more bulbs, brownish
8 KB (568 words) - 05:48, 30 July 2020
styles 3, connate basally to 1/2 [most of] length, unbranched. Fruits capsules, usually 3 carpels maturing, except often 1 maturing in T. brevispica. Seeds
14 KB (615 words) - 18:14, 29 July 2020
(widely branched) arrays. Involucres campanulate or turbinate, (1–) 2–4 (–5) × 2–5 (–8) mm. Phyllaries (gray-green), lanceolate to ovate or obovate (margins
8 KB (635 words) - 20:50, 29 July 2020
Leaves monomorphic to somewhat dimorphic, clustered to widely scattered, 2–100 cm. Petiole brown, black, straw-colored, or gray, rounded, flattened or with
15 KB (692 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
awned, awns (0.1) 0.4-4.5 mm; paleas slightly shorter than to about equaling the lemmas, intercostal region puberulent distally; anthers 1.8-4.5 mm; ovary
17 KB (1,582 words) - 03:09, 30 July 2020
Mentioned on page 5, 51, 101, 171, 178, 182, 188, 413. Shrubs or subshrubs, 8–120 cm (often rounded, compact; usually with woody, often highly branched caudices)
12 KB (864 words) - 21:46, 29 July 2020
Cypselae ± terete; pappi of (8–) 10–20 scales in 2–4 equal or gradually unequal series. x = 6. w North America, nw Mexico Species 8 (8 in the flora). Species
9 KB (593 words) - 22:32, 29 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 70. Mentioned on page 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 76. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs (sometimes clambering)
12 KB (739 words) - 20:02, 29 July 2020
on page 10, 186, 216, 222, 224, 225, 243, 658, 659. Plants (0.5–) 2–4 (–8) cm, in open to compact tufts or mats. Stems red, reddish-brown, or brown, rarely
13 KB (645 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
subdecumbent, (0.4–) 0.8–2.5 (–3.5) dm. Basal leaves: blade obovate, spatulate, oblanceolate, oblong, or sublinear, (0.3–) 0.5–2 (–3.5) cm × 1–8 (–10) mm, base
11 KB (1,071 words) - 12:31, 30 July 2020
scales in fruit; stamens 1–3; styles (2–) 3-fid, linear, base persistent. Achenes trigonous, biconvex or planoconvex, 0.6–1.8 mm, minutely papillose. x
17 KB (757 words) - 01:31, 30 July 2020
entire to ± toothed; petiole present; blade oblanceolate-oblong in outline, 1–25 cm, foliaceous, leaflets 5–13 (–21), distinct, terminal not confluent with
22 KB (1,357 words) - 14:09, 30 July 2020
puberulent to short-villous at midlength; anthers 3, 0.2-1.3 (1.8) mm, rarely vestigial (0.1-0.2 mm) or aborted late in development. Poa sect. Abbreviatae
8 KB (998 words) - 03:23, 30 July 2020
pistil 3-carpellate; ovary partly inferior, proximally 3-septate; ovules [1–2] ca. 8 per carpel, erect, bitegmic. Fruits capsular and 3-valved, or nutlike
11 KB (822 words) - 13:08, 30 July 2020
Etymology: Greek rhodon, rose and dendron, tree Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 455. Mentioned on page 371, 372, 374, 375, 451, 453, 456
21 KB (889 words) - 13:16, 30 July 2020
racemes, 1–3 cm, staminate flowers 10–20, pistillate flowers 1–4. Pedicels: staminate 0.8–2 mm, pistillate 0–5 mm. Staminate flowers: sepals 5, 0.8–1.2 mm
10 KB (534 words) - 18:31, 29 July 2020
erect, yellow, 6–9 cm; anthers yellow, 25–35 mm; ovary 3–4.5 cm, neck constricted, 3–6 (–8) mm. Capsules short-pedicellate, oblong, 3.5–8 cm, apex beaked. Seeds
8 KB (650 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
to acuminate, veins conspicuous, 5–8 [–12] pairs, midrib elevated abaxially. Inflorescence bracts usually persistent, 1–2, immediately proximal to calyx
9 KB (505 words) - 13:08, 30 July 2020
hyaline, apex obtuse to acuminate. Anthers 0.9–3.1 mm. Perigynia spreading, yellow to dark olive, 1.8–4.2 × 0.8–2 mm, apex gradually or abruptly narrowed; beak
8 KB (697 words) - 02:18, 30 July 2020
operculum long-rostrate, straight or arcuate; peristome single, 16 teeth, split 1/3–1/2 their length into 2, rarely 3, divisions, vertically pitted-striolate proximally
26 KB (1,278 words) - 06:56, 30 July 2020
hemispheric [rotate], 3–8 (–12+) mm diam. Phyllaries falling, 10 (–16) in 2 series, usually distinct (partially connate in P. alpinum), outer 5 (–8) herbaceous to
10 KB (645 words) - 23:10, 29 July 2020
ovary; style (0.2–) 0.5–1 (–1.3) mm, (slender). Seeds narrowly winged throughout, oblong or suborbicular, (0.8–) 1–1.5 (–1.7) × 0.8–1.3 mm; wing to 0.2 mm
11 KB (1,114 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
oblong, (4–) 6–10.2 (–15) × (1.8–) 2.6–4 (–5.3) mm; stamens (15–) 19–21 (–28); styles (3–) 5 (or 6), (1.5–) 3.4–4.7 (–5.8) mm; ovary apex glabrous (or
10 KB (925 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 40-235 cm, erect. Inflorescences usually spikes, sometimes spikelike racemes, 5-35 cm, erect, with 1-3 spikelets per node, pedicels
5 KB (920 words) - 03:04, 30 July 2020
patent to reflexed, nonaccrescent; pyrenes 3–5. c, e North America Species 8 (8 in the flora). There is only one widespread member of this series, Crataegus
12 KB (860 words) - 14:42, 30 July 2020
short-rectangular, 1–2 (–3):1; medial and distal cells short-rhomboidal to elongate-hexagonal or rarely vermicular, (1–) 3–6 (–8):1, walls thin to incrassate
14 KB (818 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
entire or denticulate. Leaves monomorphic, clustered to widely scattered, 4–60 cm. Petiole brown to black or straw-colored, rounded, flattened, or with single
22 KB (1,068 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
polifolia var. polifolia Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 393. 1753,. Dorothy M. Fabijan Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 504. Mentioned on
7 KB (654 words) - 13:20, 30 July 2020
glabrous; tepals 5, connate ca. 1/4 their length, petaloid, slightly to distinctly dimorphic, outer 2 smaller than inner 3; stamens 8; filaments distinct, free
9 KB (726 words) - 10:12, 30 July 2020
sometimes pseudolateral, panicles, spikes, or 1 or more capitate or fasciculate clusters; spikelets 1–100+; bracts 1–3, ascending or erect, bristle-shaped, awl-shaped
13 KB (648 words) - 01:45, 30 July 2020
3–9 per spike, finely veined, obovoid, 2–4.2 × 1.2–1.8 mm; beak tapering. Achenes obovoid, 1.8–2.8 × 1–1.6 mm, sides plane or slightly concave at maturity
8 KB (636 words) - 02:08, 30 July 2020
(Japan), Asia (Taiwan), Asia (Malaysia), Asia (and Indonesia) Species ca. 120 (8 in the flora). All species of Magnolia in the flora are cultivated. Many of
9 KB (426 words) - 08:23, 30 July 2020
fascicles on vegetative shoots). Heads discoid (except A. bigelovii with, rarely, 1–2 raylike florets). Receptacles epaleate, glabrous. Pappi 0. Florets: 3–20
10 KB (942 words) - 20:46, 29 July 2020
to hemispheric (sometimes cupulate). Phyllaries persistent and/or falling, 8–25+ in 2 series (outer 2–6 distinct or connate, herbaceous, contrasting with
8 KB (555 words) - 23:33, 29 July 2020
erect, 1.5–8 dm, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 0–1 cm, with a thin margin to winged; blade linear to oblanceolate-spatulate or elliptic, to 6 × 1.9 cm, white-flecked
5 KB (378 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
divaricate, (0.9–) 1.9–7.5 (–8.6) mm. Flowers: sepals (1.6–) 1.9–3.7 × (0.7–) 1–2 mm; petals white or purplish (broadly obovate or spatulate), (2.1–) 2.4–4.5 (–4
9 KB (931 words) - 12:30, 30 July 2020
3-7 (8). Sheaths smooth or scabrous; collars usually scab¬rous, rarely smooth or hairy; ligules (1) 3-8 (12) mm, lacerate; blades (10) 16-31 (50) cm long
11 KB (1,240 words) - 02:37, 30 July 2020
young, widest 0.8–5 mm wide, glabrous. Inflorescences racemose, with (1–) 2–10 spikes; bracts sheathless, with inconspicuous blades, at least (1.5–) 2 times
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to 30 cm. Leaves to 35 cm; sheath 2–5 cm; blade 15–30 cm × 0.9–3.1 mm. Inflorescences axillary or sessile, the axillary scapose, 0.3–4 cm × 1.5–8 mm; scape
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America Association Plants to 18 cm (excluding inflorescence). Leaves: blade 8–15 × 1–2.5 cm. Inflorescences 1–2, to 12 cm; bracts 3–10 mm. Flowers cream
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429. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, (1–) 5–65 cm; taprooted or fibrous-rooted [subrhizomatous]. Stems 1+, usually erect, sometimes decumbent-ascending
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to sparse, nodes with 1-2 branches; branches 0.5-8 cm, terete or angled, smooth or scabrous, glabrous or densely hispidulous, with 1-17 (25) spikelets. Spikelets
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ovoid, or urceolate, 1–10+ mm diam. Phyllaries 0 (then outer paleae functioning as phyllaries, sometimes in M. glomerata), or 1–22 in 1 series (lance-linear
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2-26 × 1-14 cm; surfaces abaxially with nonglandular hairs (unicellular common to all species, fasciculate with 2-8 rays in 1 rank, multiradiate with 8-17
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near yellow callus, 8–12 × 8–13 mm, middle lobe about 1/3 wider than combined lateral lobes, apex retuse-apiculate, isthmus 0.2–0.4 cm wide with serrate
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column 4–8 mm, hairy; anthers white to pale-pink or pale-yellow; stigmas (6 or) 7 or 8 (or 9). Schizocarps 4–8 mm diam.; mericarps (6 or) 7 or 8 (or 9),
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stamens [6–] 16 (–32), paired and in [1–] 2 [–5] series; anthers introrse, 2-locular; ovary [3–] 8 [–16] -locular; ovules 1–2 per locule; styles connate proximally
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perigynia, the distal ones androgynous, rarely the proximal 1 gynecandrous, pedunculate, peduncle 1+ cm, prophyllate; terminal spike erect, staminate, gynecandrous
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to 1.3 m diam. Young twigs gray-tomentose. Leaves horizontally oriented; petiole 0.2–2 cm, gray-tomentose; blade 3–12.8 × 1–4.2 cm (to 14.9 × 8.1 cm on
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puberulous to villous or pilose; lateral leaflets 1-3×-parted and lobed; ultimate lobes 3-10 mm wide. Inflorescences 2-8-flowered umbels or flowers solitary; peduncle
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or below mouth, prostome absent (present in T. lingulata); exostome teeth 8 or 16, sometimes connate in pairs, rarely split, erect or reflexed, of 2 layers
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in lax to dense tufts, glaucous to whitish or yellowish. Stems 0.5–10 (–16) cm, erect to inclined or procumbent, simple, 2-fid, or with subfloral whorl of
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filaments (1.5–) 2–5.8 mm, epipetalous filaments slightly shorter, anthers (1–) 1.8–2.3 mm; style (6.5–) 8.2–13.5 (–15) mm, villous near base, stigma 1.2–2 mm
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flowering, blades 1.5–3 × 0.8–1.3 cm, pinnatifid to 2+-pinnatifid; cauline variously spaced, blades oblong to lanceolate, 0.2–8 × 0.1–3 cm, not reduced markedly
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glabrous; beak 0.2–6 mm, emarginate to bidentate, teeth rarely reflexed, 0.1–2.1 mm. Stigmas (2–) 3. Achenes trigonous or, rarely, biconvex, almost as large
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stem-leaves. Seta 1–10 mm. Capsule fully exserted, fusiform-cylindric, ovate-oblong, or rarely obovate, slightly 8-plicate at mouth to strongly 8-ribbed entire
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usually appressed, sometimes with 1-several slender hairs at the apices. Spikelets usually 1.6-3.8 mm, usually subsessile, lanceolate, green, purple-tinged, or
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keels scabrous, glabrous or hairy at midlength; anthers (1, 2) 3, usually 0.1-1.1 (1.8) mm, sometimes 1.5-3 mm and then sometimes aborting late in development
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than the distal cells, 3–5: 1, walls of proximal cells thin to evenly thickened; distal medial cells quadrate, usually 1: 1, 1-stratose; papillae hollow
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very short. Leaves: blade ± ovate, 1.2–6 cm, ± thin, lobes (0 or) 1–4 per side, sinuses shallow or deep, veins 2–8 per side, to lobes and sinuses, sometimes
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annual or perennial; sometimes cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 4-230 cm tall, erect or decumbent, sometimes swollen at the base, not branching above
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stipitate-glandular. Receptacles slightly convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 8–35, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 15–60, bisexual, fertile;
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pedicels to 2 mm; glumes 11-25 mm long, 0.8-1.8 mm wide, flattened, margins usually distinctly ciliate; lemmas 8-14 mm long, to 2 mm wide, more or less smooth
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sometimes shallowly notched or erose; stamens 8, in 2 subequal sets; ovary cylindrical and 4-grooved or fusiform and 8-grooved, puberulent; stigma exserted or
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(broader in C. jonesiae), or rhombic-elliptic, 3–6 (–8) cm, ± thin, base usually cuneate, lobes 0 or 1–4 (–9) per side, sinuses usually shallow, lobe apex
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366. Mentioned on page 25, 359, 367, 376, 394, 395, 440. Plants usually 3–10 cm, occasionally longer. Stems usually simple, not tomentose or with dense reddish
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white, glabrous, anthers longer than wide; carpels 10–200 (–220). Achenes 0.8–2 mm, usually smooth or slightly rugose, sometimes merely roughened. Calif
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uniform in size or median leaflets largest, (2.5-) 4.3-15 (-17.5) × 0.8-6.5 cm; surfaces usually with nonglandular hairs (simple and/or fasciculate),
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lavender, purplish, or rosy, lobes (4–) 5. Cypselae oblong-cylindric, ribs 4–8, faces strigillose and/or minutely sessile-glandular or glabrous (in the flora
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stamens 4 or 8, filaments adnate to hypanthium, relatively short; anthers basifixed or dorsifixed, dehiscing laterally, pollen colporate; pistil 1-carpellate;
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filaments connate basally into tube; pseudostaminodes absent; ovule 1; style 1, 1.5–4 mm; stigmas 2 (–3), subulate or filiform. Utricles included in tepals
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margins straight or undulate, teeth 3–7 (–8) mm, 1–2 cm apart; apical spine dark-brown to gray, acicular, 1.5–3 cm. Scape 4–6 m. Inflorescences: lateral branches
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abaxial lobes 1, lateral 2, adaxial 2; stamens 4, adnate to corolla near base, subdidynamous, filaments glandular-puberulent, staminode (0 or) 1, clavate to
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Russel Dudley, 1849–1911, American botanist Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 171. Mentioned on page 147, 148, 150, 172, 175, 178, 188
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