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bracteoles absent. Flowers: post-mature petals pale paper brown; stamens (5–) 10 or 20 (–47), rarely ca. 15, anthers pink to purple or white to cream. Pomes usually

area outside of cultivation. These include the Mexican Robinsonella cordata Rose & Baker f. and, from Australia and New Zealand, Hoheria glabrata Sprague

plagiotoma); petals 5, corolla white to pale greenish proximally, usually becoming green, white, yellow, orange, red, pink, or purple distally, tubular proximally

on slender pedicel, without stipelike base; perianth cream, white to pink or rose, yellow, or red, rarely ochroleucous, usually glabrous or glandular,

Dolichothele (K. Schumann) Britton & Rose Ebnerella Buxbaum Leptocladodia Buxbaum Neomammillaria Britton & Rose Phellosperma Britton & Rose Treatment appears in FNA

in E. saxatile and E. crocatum); perianth various shades of white, yellow, pink, or red, glabrous, glandular, or variously pubescent abaxially, usually glabrous

anthesis, typically 3, erect, spreading, or recurved, distinct, red, purple, pink, white, yellow, green, or combination of these, ovate or obovate to linear

sect. Sclerocactus (Britton & Rose) N. P. Taylor Pediocactus sect. Sclerocactus (Britton & Rose) Halda Toumeya Britton & Rose Treatment appears in FNA Volume

triangular or ovate; corolla white, cream, yellow, yellow-orange, salmon-pink, red-orange, or reddish [purplish], sometimes with dark-red center; staminal

Cumarinia Buxbaum Escobaria Britton & Rose Escobesseya Hester Lepidocoryphantha Backeberg Neobesseya Britton & Rose Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment

stipelike base 0.1–3 mm; perianth various shades of white, cream, yellow, pink, or reddish, glabrous or pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially; tepals

Petals white, pink, or rose. > 3 2 Petals yellow. > 4 3 Sepals spreading; proximal petal gland membranes ± equal to petal width; petals rose. Calochortus

yellow, purple, or white, rarely pink or red, sometimes base pale green to yellow, usually fading orange, purple, pale-yellow, reddish, or whitish; stamens

reduced and barely evident; petals 5, corolla deciduous, rarely marcescent, pink, red, crimson, magenta, lavender, purple, or yellow, rarely white, bilaterally

or orange, sometimes white, pink, or reddish; cypselae 10–20- ribbed Crepis 25 Heads borne singly; corollas white to pale yellow; cypselae 4– 5-angled

stellate-hairy. Sidalcea candida 12 Petals pale pink, pinkish rose, pink, or pinkish lavender, dark rose-pink, or magenta, not drying yellowish, (5–)10–15(–23)

bright to pale-yellow, or yellow with white-tips, veins translucent, purplish, pink, rose, white, or cream, sometimes aging or drying lilac, pink, chartreuse

rarely in 4–5+ series in S. frondosum, pistillate, fertile; corollas white, pink, blue, or purple (rays 0, peripheral pistillate florets in 2–5+ series, corollas

at base, without stipelike base; perianth various shades of white, yellow, pink, or red, glabrous, hispid, pilose, hirsute, puberulent, villous, pustulose

deltate, acute to acuminate-triangular, or lanceolate; petals 5, corolla pale-pink to rose-purple or purple, rarely white, throats usually with 2 abaxial yellow

perennials > 17 9 Shrubs (clambering, sprawling, or vinelike); rays pale rose-purple to pale pink (Atlantic coastal plain) Ampelaster 9 Subshrubs or shrubs (not

white, sometimes pink at late anthesis in C. mollis; stamens 5 or 6, 10, or 20, anthers usually ivory or rose, sometimes cream to pale-pink or salmon, red

than tube, margins whitish, scarious, apex acute to obtuse; petals 5, white, pink, scarlet, dusky purple, or off-white tinged with purple, clawed, claw usually

campanulate, or tubular; sepals greenish, white, yellow, pink, red, or purple; petals greenish, white, yellow, pink, red, or purple; nectary disc prominent, dark

setose-glandular, sometimes eglandular; petals single or double, pink to rose or purplish-pink, rarely white or crimson; carpels (3–) 20–40 (–65), styles free

perianth usually pink or purplish pink, rarely white Mirabilis oxybaphoides 9 Involucres 1(-2)-flowered; perianth white, pink, or purplish pink > 10 10 Lobes

erect-arching, to 20 cm; bracts 2–3 mm. Flowers pale-pink to rose, pink-lavender, or white with pink flush, with darker rose-colored veins; sepals 3–7 × 1–2 mm; lateral

18–45 (–54) mm; petals white, fading rose or rose-pink to dark or deep rose-purple, or pink to pale or light rose, or lavender, obovate or obcordate, (16–)

basally, (usually glabrous, rarely pubescent); petals (rarely absent), white, pink, purple, or lilac, obovate, spatulate, or oblanceolate, claw absent or strongly

scarious, often black, brown, castaneous, cream, gray, green, olivaceous, pink, red, white, or yellow), apices usually acute, sometimes obtuse to ± truncate

petals caducous [persistent], (0–) 4–8, deep rose-purple, pale-pink, white, or pale lavender, sometimes with rose-purple midvein or basal spot, obovate to

areoles bearing short feltlike wool of various colors, often tan or gray. Seeds pale-yellow to tan or gray, flattened to subspheric, angular to squarish or circular

T. zebrina), subequal; petals distinct (rarely connate basally), white to pink, blue, or violet, equal, rarely clawed; stamens 6, all fertile, equal; filaments

Walter S. Judd, Kathleen A. Kron Common names: Azalea Etymology: Greek rhodon, rose and dendron, tree Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 455

or pale yellow to greenish yellow, becoming reddish brown to rose or pink > 6 5 Perianths bright yellow, not becoming reddish brown to rose or pink > 7

dull green to pale green, abaxial surface grayish green, often very pale, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely villous with fine hairs with pale-brown or blackish

sometimes pilose, 1-year old dark gray, pale-brown, tan, brown, or orangebrown, 2-years old usually medium pale gray; thorns on twigs numerous, straight

or ovate, typically small. Flowers not resupinate, magenta, deep rose-pink, pale-pink, or white, sometimes fragrant, sessile; dorsal sepal lanceolate;

interior glabrous; sepals acute to acuminate; petals white to pale-pink, often veined with pink to rose, ± oblanceolate to cuneate, apex emarginate to truncate

1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 310. 1754. Orland J. Blanchard Jr. Common names: Rose-mallow Etymology: Greek hibiscus or ibiscum, alluding to cohabitation with

Hesperoxalis Small Ionoxalis Small Lotoxalis Small Otoxalis Small Pseudoxalis Rose Sassia Molina Xanthoxalis Small Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment

2-lobed, 6–17 mm; sepals 3–7 mm; column 3.5 mm; flowers pink to rose, pink-lavender, or white with pink flush. Ionopsis 27 Lips unlobed, 14–27 mm; sepals 30–200

L. tribracteatum; petals caducous, (0 or) 6, purple, lavender, rose, rose-purple, pink, or white, sometimes with purple or red midvein; nectary encircling

filaments white, greenish white, or pink; anthers red, reddish purple, redbrown, or yellow; nectar scales white, yellow, or pink, reniform or transversely oblong

ribbed; corolla exceeding calyx, campanulate to subrotate, usually rose to pale-pink, pinkish mauve, or mauve, rarely white; staminal column ± included;

unbranched, 2–21-flowered, usually light or bright pink to lavender or dark rose-purple, rarely white, pale-veined, 7–20 (–30) mm, pistillate 7–11 (–30) mm

glandular-pectinate; stamens (5–) 10 (–20), anthers ivory, cream, or pink to pale-purple; styles 2–5. Pomes dull yellow to orange, ruddy, russet, or scarlet

lanceolate; petals 5, corolla yellow, white, purple, or white, fading to rose-pink, strongly bilabiate, tubular and club-shaped, abaxial lobes 3, saccate

tube white to grayish white, pale-pink to pink, or pale-purple to purple, rarely brick-red, sometimes with darker-pink to purple veins, slightly constricted

present; twigs: new growth pubescent, 1-year old pale gray or grayish brown to tan or reddish-brown, older pale gray or gray; thorns on twigs absent or few

4, ascending or spreading, asymmetric, lavender, lavender-rose, lavender-purple, purple, pink, white, or yellow, short-clawed, midvein extending as a slender

or pink to magenta, 2.4–3.2 × 0.3–1.5 cm, margins entire, serrate, toothed, or erose; ovary scaly, spineless, copiously woolly, with white or pale tan

mm; phyllaries and corollas rose-pink to purplish, rose-purple, greenish, cream, or creamy white to yellowish, or pale pink > 8 8 Phyllaries and corollas

deep purple, distally red, crimson, scarlet, pink, pinkish purple, pinkish red, or yellow, sometimes rose magenta, red-orange, or orange, oblanceolate

yellowish, or rose-pink, 1.5–2.5 mm. Fruits indehiscent, green, sometimes suffused pink or brownish purple, drying to yellowish, tan with dull pink tinge, or

suborbiculate, orbiculate, spatulate, or obovate, or cuneate to linear pink, or rose to pinkish lavender; stamens 5, usually connate basally; gynoecium 3-carpellate;

orange, distally dull red, deep rusty red, or yellow to pale-yellow, sometimes deep pink, dull rose, pale salmon, or dull light orange, rarely green, dull reddish

inflorescence; perianth 9–10 mm, tube very pale-pink to rose-pink, densely shaggy-hairy, limbs very pale-pink to rose-pink, gradually flared; stamens 3, exserted

to white bristles or setiform scales. Florets 25–200+; corollas white to pink, red, yellow or purple, ± bilateral, tubes long, slender, distally bent,

petals, margins glandular-serrate; stamens 5–8, rarely 10 or 20, anthers pink to rose-purple, sometimes crimson; styles (3 or) 4 or 5. Pomes bright to deep

pubescent, eglandular or stipitate-glandular (north); petals single, rose-pink to pale-pink, (13–) 22–25 × (11–) 20–25 mm; stamens 75–100; carpels 18–33, styles

fringed; inner tepals 20–25 per flower, bright-rose-pink or magenta, often with darker midstripes and paler margins, 30–40 × 4.5–6 mm; outer filaments greenish

5–10(–14) mm. Heimia 6 Herbs, 0.4–10 dm; petals deep to pale purple, rose purple, rose, pink, lavender, or white, 1–4(–7) mm, or petals absent. > 8 8

stamens (10 or) 20, anthers pale-pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes cream, 0.6–0.8 mm; styles 3–5. Pomes greenish with pink or mauve areas, sometimes

discs 10–45 × 15–40 mm). Ray-florets 8–21, neuter; corollas dark purple to pale-pink, white, or yellow (tubes glabrous or sparsely hairy, laminae spreading

eglandular, densely glandular, or stipitate-glandular; petals single, pink or rose, rarely white; carpels 25–65, styles free, lanate or villous, rarely

pistillate, fertile; corollas pale rose-purple to pale-pink. Disc-florets 30–50, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow becoming rose-purple, weakly ampliate, tubes

cordate, stellate or lepidote; corolla whitish or pale-yellow, sometimes with pink flush or fading pale rose; staminal column included; style 7–10-branched;

glandular-serrate; stamens (10) 20, anthers white to pink or red, sometimes cream; styles 3–5. Pomes pink, mauve, or pale green, sometimes scarlet, deep crimson, or

Echinomastus johnsonii, Echinomastus mariposensis, Echinomastus warnockii Britton & Rose Cact. 3: 147, figs. 154–158. 1922. Allan D. Zimmerman, Bruce D. Parfitt Etymology:

areole, bright white, pale gray, or pale tan, weathering to gray or yellowish-brown, dark brownish orange to pale-brown or pale grayish pink tips present on

magenta to pale pink, infrequently pale rose; leaf blades mostly ovate to elliptic Abronia angustifolia 12 Perianth limb white to pale pink; leaf blades

3–8 (–17) -flowered. Pedicels 15–30 mm. Flowers: sepals pale, translucent, white to light pink, ovate, 2.9–4 mm, apex obtuse, surfaces glabrous, margins

or campanulate), both pairs often saccate basally; petals white, yellow, pink, purple, or brownish, oblong to ovate, (narrow and margins crisped or channeled

conspicuously fringed; inner tepals 21 per flower, pure white, pale-rose-pink, or pale lavender-pink, darker centrally, midstripes ± inconspicuous, (9–) 11–19

purple, or reddish purple, distally pink, pink-purple, magenta, deep rose, crimson, cream, or white, sometimes red, pale orange, or red-orange, lanceolate

Gundlachia 14 Shrubs clambering, sprawling, or vinelike; rays pale rose-purple to pale pink (Atlantic coastal plain) Ampelaster 14 Shrubs not clambering

lanceolate to ovate or nearly round, 2-7 × 2-3 mm; petals rose-purple, pink, cream, or pale-yellow, rarely white; outer petals (12-) 16-19 (-24) × 3-6

Hort. Dyck. 1849, 155. 1849 Synonyms: Ancistrocactus megarhizus (Rose) Britton & Rose Sclerocactus scheeri (Salm-Dyck) N. P. Taylor Treatment appears in

inner tepals bright-rose-pink, almost magenta, without darker midstripes; anthers 1 mm; style 7–11 × 1 mm. Fruits persistent, pale yellowish olive, proximal

Flowers urceolate, 7–10 mm; tepals erect, white or pale-pink with deep pink midribs to deep rose, lanceolate, ± equal, becoming callous-keeled and permanently

rarely in groups of 3–5. Flowers: calyx campanulate, 3–10 mm; petals rose, pink, or pale lavender, 12–21 mm. Schizocarps 8–12 mm diam.; mericarps 9 or 10,

silvery white to pale lavender pink (rarely white with pale-pink midstripes), 1.3–2.5 cm × (1–) 3–5.5 mm; stigma lobes bright red or pink (rarely white)

obcordate; filaments 2–7 mm; anthers usually cream or yellow, sometimes dark-pink, orange-red, or nearly black, 0.8–1.5 mm; style 3–8 mm. Nutlets dark-brown

light purple, ovate, 3–5 mm, margins ± glandular-ciliate; corolla rose to deep pink, (12–) 14–20 mm diam., petal ridges connected between corolla lobes

Calyces 12–18 mm, sometimes equal to or longer than corolla. Corollas rose, pink, pale-purple, or white with darker veins, glabrate or slightly glandular-pubescent;

erectocentrus). Flowers 3.6–6 × 4–9 cm; inner tepals whitish to bright-rose-pink or lavender, basal portions olive-green to orangish brown, chestnut or

(measured from base of innermost tepals to base of nectar chamber); inner tepals pink, red, magenta, orange, yellow, brownish, or greenish (rarely white), proximally

alternate. Agalinis 11 Leaves opposite or subopposite. > 12 12 Corollas pale pink to rose purple or purple, rarely white; leaf blade margins entire, rarely proximally

throughout its length. Flowers 5–7 × 5–6.5 (–9.5) cm; inner tepals bright-rose-pink or magenta, color ± uniform from base to apex, 3 × 1.5 cm, margins entire

generally white, cream, pale tan, greenish white, or pale-rose-pink, midstripes usually ± sharply defined (sometimes absent), pink often suffused with brown

glandular-serrate; petals white to sometimes pale-pink in C. opaca; stamens 20, anthers pink to reddish or rose; styles 4 or 5. Pomes ripe May–late June,

(–42) per flower, widely spreading, pale to intense rose-pink or rose-violet, with paler margins (white or pale rose), darker midstripes conspicuous, proximally

purple to magenta basally, white medially, pale-pink apically, linear, terete, 10–17 mm. Berries green to pale yellow-green, ovoid, 2–3 × 15–25 mm. Phenology:

stellate, arms to 3.5 mm and sometimes simple-glandular; petals rose-pink or pale-pink to nearly white, 1.4–2 (–3) cm. Mericarps 2.5–4 (–5) mm. 2n = 34

moderately glandular-serrate; stamens (6–) 10 or 20, anthers usually pink or rose to purple, rarely yellow; styles 3–5. Pomes usually bright red, sometimes

central spines (9–) 13–42 (–58) × (0.2–) 0.4–1.5 mm. Flowers: inner tepals rose-pink to magenta, marked with scarlet or orange proximally, sometimes with white

speciesSedum cockerellii Britton in N. L. Britton and J. N. Rose in N. L. Britton and J. N. Rose, New N. Amer. Crassul., 41. 1903,. Hideaki Ohba Synonyms:

Scheele Linnaea 21: 470. 1848. Paul A. Fryxell†, Steven R. Hill Common names: Rose or Wright’s pavonia Texas rockrose Illustrated Synonyms: Pavonia wrightii A

tepals bright-rose-pink to pale silvery-pink, proximally orange to red, (15–) 28–32 × (3–) 6 (–9) mm, margins usually erose; stigma lobes pink to pinkish

bracts deciduous. Pedicels present. Flowers usually pink or rose-purple, rarely white, sepals pale-pink or whitish, crest often yellowish, (2–) 15–23 mm,

to ovate, not ribbed; corolla broadly trumpet-shaped to nearly rotate, rose-pink, white, or purple, usually with darker purplish veins; staminal column

Inflorescences: basalmost bract margins glandular-toothed. Petals pale-pink to deep purple-magenta or rose, (10–) 12–13 mm. 2n = 30. Phenology: Flowering late spring–summer

abaxial surfaces pubescent, stipitate-glandular; petals single, rose-purple to pink, fading to white, 18–25 × 16–25 mm; stamens 212; carpels 20–25, styles

glandular-pubescent; flowers 10–30. Perianth: tube pink, 10–20 mm, limb bright magenta to pale-pink, infrequently pale rose, 6–8 mm diam. Fruits broadly obdeltate

tepals fringed; inner tepals 15 or 16 per flower, pale-rose-pink to magenta, shading gradually to paler pink or white basally, sometimes with a darker midstripes

not awned. Flowers 4–7 per involucral cluster; perianth white or pale yellowish to rose or red, broadly campanulate when open, narrowly urceolate when closed

acute to obtuse; branches rarely 1–2. Floral bracts imbricate, erect, pink to dark rose, broad (covering all or most of rachis, rachis not visible at anthesis)

2–0.6 mm. Flowers (1.5–) 2–4 mm; perianth white or yellow, sometimes pink or rose, glabrous or pubescent; tepals connate proximal 1/4, monomorphic, oblong

flower, ascending or recurved only at tips, pale dull creamy yellow or pale greenish tan to pale yellow-orange or pale apricot, usually with well-defined darker

racemes, axis erect; buds pendent. Flowers not protandrous; petals rose-lavender to pale-pink, without zones or flecks of color, 8–12 mm; ovary 8-grooved; stigma

50–70% connate, lobes ovate. Flowers 3 per involucre; perianth rose-pink to pale-pink, 1 cm. Fruits dark grayish brown, narrowly obovoid, 4–5.3 mm, shaggy-pubescent

attenuate, canescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially; petals usually rose-purple to pale-pink, very rarely white, obovate to narrowly obovate or nearly rotund

often obscured; petals usually overlapping, pink or pink-lavender to dark rose-pink or magenta, not notably pale-veined, pistillate 5–10 mm, bisexual 8–15

subtruncate, glabrous, lobes reduced, subequal. Corollas pale-pink to rose-purple, throat yellow or deep pink externally with 2 yellow spots below abaxial limb

53. 1904. Walter H. Lewis, Barbara Ertter, Anne Bruneau Common names: Pine rose Conservation concernEndemicIllustrated Synonyms: Rosa gymnocarpa var. pinetorum (A

thompsonii). Ray-florets 30–80; corollas usually blue to rose-purple or pink, sometimes white to pale blue, 12–20 (–25) mm (mostly 1.5–3 mm wide), laminae

H. Lewis, Barbara Ertter, Anne Bruneau Common names: Carolina or pasture rose rosier de Caroline Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment

genusThelocactus Show Lower Taxa Thelocactus bicolor (K. Schumann) Britton & Rose Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 251. 1922. Allan D. Zimmerman, Bruce D. Parfitt

sepals greenish to rose-colored with rose-colored to purple veins; lateral sepals 16–24 × 8–9 mm, apex very oblique; petals pale-pink to rose-colored to orange

usually yellow or creamy white, rarely pink; young fruits appressed to rachises. Turritis 9 Petals white, pink, lavender, or purple; young fruits not or

conspicuously fringed; inner tepals rose-pink or magenta [white], margins often paler; stigma lobes yellow or pale green (rarely reddish). Fruits green

± equal, apex acuminate. Flowers campanulate, 11–16 mm; tepals erect, pink to rose-purple, lanceolate, unequal, outer tepal longer and wider than inner

shorter than petals, margins glandular-serrate; stamens 10 [–20], anthers pink or rose [or white]; styles [3–] 5. Pomes brick-red to bright red, suborbicular

stipitate-glandular. Ray-florets 30–80; corollas usually blue to rose-purple or pink, sometimes white to pale blue, 8–16 (–25) mm (mostly 1.5–3 mm wide), laminae coiling

margins glandular-laciniate; stamens 20; anthers white to rose-red; styles (4 or) 5. Pomes bright pink to crimson, suborbicular, 10–20 (–25) mm diam., glabrous

yellow (rarely orange-yellow, sometimes becoming salmon or rose-pink with age), or rose-pink to magenta, proximal 5–30% green in either case, (25–) 32–69

Walter H. Lewis, Barbara Ertter, Anne Bruneau Common names: Sierran ground rose EndemicIllustrated Synonyms: Rosa gymnocarpa var. pubescens S. Watson R.

pubescent or glabrous; stamens (5–) 10 or (18–) 20, anthers ivory, sometimes pink; styles 2–4 (or 5). Pomes usually bright to deep red or yellowish, sometimes

anthesis, margins entire, apex rounded or sometimes emarginate; petals 5–8, pale-rose-pink, oblanceolate to broadly obovate, 13–18 mm, apex obtuse; stamens 1–15;

surface hyaline. Flowers 2–3 per involucral cluster; perianth pale-yellow to pink or rose, campanulate when open, urceolate when closed, sparsely pubescent

eglandular, sometimes sessile or stipitate-glandular; petals single, pink to deep rose, 15–20 (–25) × 15–20 (–25) mm; stamens 65; carpels (16–) 20–40 (–50)

Stems 10–30 dm, glabrous or hairy; petals red-orange, red, pink, white, lavender, purple, or rose-purple > 24 24 Leaf blades ovate-triangular to lanceolate

flat, apex acuminate; petals falcate-recurved distally, white, pink, or rose, darkening to pink or nonfading with age, veins visible but not appearing engraved

5–8.5 mm apart. Spines 11–20 per areole, straight, white, pinkish gray, pale-pink, dark-brown, or purplish black, tipped brown, central spines darkest (sometimes

velvety-hairy, nectaries absent; corolla broadly to narrowly funnelform, petals pale-pink to white, red basally, narrowly obovate, usually not conspicuously overlapping

spreading, recurved, pale-rose-pink to reddish-pink or magenta, sometimes with darker midstripes, sometimes shading to white or pale greenish, proximally

densely, sometimes sparsely, stipitate-glandular; petals single, pink to deep pink, 14–28 × 13–28 mm; stamens 200; carpels 24–50, styles exsert 0.5–1

tepals 22–27 per flower, bright-rose-pink or magenta, proximally paler, 10–17 × 2–4 mm; outer filaments colorless or white to rose; anthers orange-yellow; stigma

series, pistillate, fertile; corollas usually white to bluish or purplish to pink, less commonly yellow (coiling from apices, reflexing at tube/lamina junction

subequal. Corollas pale-pink to rose-pink or purple to magenta, throat sometimes yellow, lobes sometimes yellowish with pale rose spots, bilaterally symmetric

glabrous, usually stipitate-glandular; petals single or double, white, rarely pale-pink, 7–13 × 5–9 mm; carpels 6–11, styles glabrous, exsert 3–4 mm beyond stylar

spreading glandular-puberulent or pilose, crosswalls of hairs pale or dark; involucres pale green, sometimes tinged with purple, narrowly to widely bell-shaped

15–20 × 7–18 mm; flower tube hairs 3–5 (–10) mm; inner tepals rose-pink with darker-pink to magenta midstripes, proximally darker, 25–35 × 4–12 mm, tips

white to often pale rose, pale-purple or lavender, laminae (7–) 10–15 (–20) × 1.1–1.5 mm. Disc-florets (15–) 25–30 (–40); corollas cream or pale-yellow becoming

erect, usually sessile, with strong, sweet odor; tepals pale-yellow or white, becoming pink to rose; perianth-tube funnelform, equal to or longer than ovary

borders, apices (at least inner) prolonged, spreading, ± dilated, petaloid (pink, purplish, white, or yellow). Florets 4–5; corolla-tubes glabrous inside

1827. Walter H. Lewis, Barbara Ertter, Anne Bruneau Common names: California rose Illustrated Synonyms: Rosa aldersonii Greene Treatment appears in FNA Volume

distally, adaxially crimson, maroon-red, or brownish red, abaxially paler, grayish pink or rose, veins engraved, ovate-suborbicular, 3–6.5 × 4–6 cm, somewhat

involucres 5–10 (–15) mm, crosswalls of peduncle hairs usually pale. Perianth white to deep rose-pink. Phenology: Flowering late spring–late summer. Habitat:

Treatment on page 30. Leaves: blade ± pale grayish green, sparsely beset with pustulate-based hairs. Perianths deep rose-pink; bud minutely pubescent at apex

drying pale-pink or yellow, veins rose), cuneate to obovate, 12–18 mm (apex sometimes obcordate); filaments 5 mm; anthers cream, yellow, dark-pink, orange-red

filaments greenish; anthers yellow; style whitish or blushed with rose-pink or light green; stigma lobes whitish. Fruits maturing tan, ellipsoid to stipitate-ellipsoid

surfaces glabrous, stipitate-glandular, rarely eglandular; petals single, pink or rose, 13–26 × 12–26 mm; stamens 115; carpels 32–55, styles exsert 1–2 mm beyond

glabrous, stipitate-glandular or eglandular; petals single, rarely double, pink or rose, sometimes fading white, rarely white, 22–26 × 21–30 mm; stamens 120;

or nearly so, 38–65 × 30–50 mm; outer tepals entire; inner tepals pale-pink to deep rose-purple, grading to white proximally, with darker midstripes, at

straight, pale-pink to white, 2.5–3 cm, length 1/2 petals, bearing filaments nearly throughout, free portions of filaments not secund, 1–2 mm; pollen pale-pink

obtuse, shortly mucronate; filaments white to pale-pink; anthers red or purplish; nectar scales whitish to pale-pink, oblong, (retuse). Carpels divergent or

spreading, usually deflexed in abaxial ones, pale redbrown to dark-brown, acicular, the longest to 2 cm; sheaths pale yellowbrown, shiny. Glochids in adaxial

portion of filaments not secund, 2–4 mm; pollen pale-pink to white; styles pale-pink to white, 5–12 mm; stigmas pink. Capsules brown, ovoid, 1.8–3 cm, apex truncate

straight, pink, 0.4–1.1 cm, bearing filaments throughout, free portion of filaments not secund, 1–3 mm; pollen dark orange; styles pale-pink, 1.5–4 mm;

Spines 12–25 (–30) per areole, gold to pale-brown, aging dark-brown, longest to 3 cm; sheaths translucent yellow to pale-brown. Glochids in adaxial tuft and

Walter H. Lewis, Barbara Ertter, Anne Bruneau Common names: Coast ground rose EndemicIllustrated Synonyms: Rosa granulata Greene R. sonomensis Greene R

shorter than calyx; leaf blade surfaces sparsely stellate-hairy; petals pale pink to white, usually with 3 darker veins; stem base not woody. Malva pseudolavatera

mm; outer filaments reddish or orange; anthers pale to bright-yellow; stigma lobes 6–11, cream to creamy pink, yellow, or orange-yellow, 3–7 mm. Fruits green

7–1.9 × 0.6–1.2 mm; petals pale-pink, fading purplish rose, 0.9–3.5 × 0.7–0.9 mm, apical notch 0.3–1.3 mm; filaments light pink, those of longer stamens

long-acuminate, 6–8 mm, longer than wide, longer than tube; petals pale-pink to deep rose, 2.5 cm. Schizocarps 12 mm diam.; mericarps 11–16, 10 mm. Seeds

glabrous or with a few hairs at base, apex long-tapering; petals pale-pink to rose, drying purplish, broadly cuneate to obovate, 3–4 cm, glabrous distally

apex acute, ribs green, intercostal areas whitish. Corollas rose-pink to purplish, limb often pale, especially abaxial lip, abaxial lip often purple-dotted

emarginate-apiculate; filaments deep purple to pink-purple, sometimes green; anthers pale-yellow; style white or pink to purple distally; stigma lobes white to

glandular-laciniate, abaxially densely pubescent; stamens 20, anthers rose, rose-purple, red, or purple; styles 4 or 5. Pomes red, sometimes red-orange

genusAncistrocactus speciesAncistrocactus brevihamatus (Engelmann) Britton & Rose Cact. 4: 5. 1923. Allan D. Zimmerman, Bruce D. Parfitt Common names: Short-spined

abaxial surface sparsely glandular puberulent to subglabrous; petals rose-purple to pale-pink, obcordate, 3.5–6 (–7) ×2–4 mm, apical notch 0.5–1 mm; filaments

strigillose; petals dark-pink to rose-purple, obcordate, (3–) 5–7 × (2–) 3–4.5 mm, apical notch 1–2.5 mm; filaments pale-pink, those of longer stamens

Allan D. Zimmerman, Bruce D. Parfitt Basionym: Escobaria runyonii Britton & Rose Cact. 4: 55, fig. 53, plate 6, fig. 1. 1923, Synonyms: Coryphantha emskoetteriana (Quehl)

1788. Walter H. Lewis, Barbara Ertter, Anne Bruneau Common names: Redleaf rose rosier glauque Introduced Synonyms: Rosa rubrifolia Villars Treatment appears

apex abruptly acuminate, stellate-hairy, hairs many-armed; petals pale-pink to rose, 1–2 cm. Mericarps 2.5–3.5 mm. 2n = 34. Phenology: Flowering Apr–Jun

or slightly glandular-serrate; petals white to sometimes pale-pink, 7 mm; anthers reddish or rose, 1 mm; styles 4 or 5. Pomes red, sometimes yellow, (8–)

tube 15–20 × 15–25 mm; flower tube hairs 2 mm; inner tepals magenta to rose-pink, darker proximally, 30 × 5–12 mm, tips relatively thin and delicate; anthers

usually opening white, changing to deep pink over course of day, rarely pink and unchanging, often with deep pink spot near base, ± obovate, (2.5–) 4–7.5

usually purplish-pink, 0.6–27 mm; central spines 4 (–5) per areole, terete to angled; abaxial central spine 1 per areole, purplish-pink or reddish-brown

1 mm; inner tepals usually white, cream, pale tan, greenish white, or pale-rose-pink, sometimes appearing pale orange proximally due to reflection of yellow

stipitate-glandular. Ray-florets (40–) 50–75 (-100); corollas dark rose to deep purple (pale-pink or white), laminae 9–13 × 0.8–1.3 mm. Disc-florets 50–110; corollas

Acad. Arts 21: 418. 1886. Orland J. Blanchard Jr. Common names: Arizona rose-mallow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 258. Mentioned

usually creamy white, sometimes cream, greenish, pinkish, rose-purplish, purplish, yellowish, or pale-pink, thinly arachnoid-pubescent and sessile-glandular (the

Petals rose, pink, or lavender, 12–21 mm; mericarp wings lanceolate; seeds minutely scabridulous. Horsfordia alata 1 Petals yellow or sometimes pale orange

tawny-hirsute and densely stellate-canescent; petals pale-pink to dark rose-pink or rose-purple, often with paler veins, 13–25 mm; stamens: filaments connate to

tepals yellow throughout, 20–25 mm; filaments pale green to yellow; anthers yellow; style pale green or white, pink tinged; stigma lobes color unknown. Fruits

cm; bracts proximally green to dull pale purplish, distally red, scarlet, rose, yellow, orange, or cream, sometimes pink or white, lanceolate to oblanceolate

subentire, adaxially pubescent proximally; stamens (10–) 20, anthers cream, rose, or pink-purple; styles 3–5. Pomes usually deep burgundy, sometimes scarlet, orange

4–6.5 mm. Phyllaries distally whitish, yellowish, or pale brownish (often streaked with pink or rose). Corollas: staminate 2.5–3.5 mm; pistillate 2.5–3.5

abaxial surface strigillose; petals rose-purple, 3.5–6 × 1.8–3 mm, apical notch 0.8–1.4 mm; filaments pale-pink, those of longer stamens 2–2.2 mm, those

Vereins Halle 2: 133. 1850. Orland J. Blanchard Jr. Common names: Poeppig’s rose-mallow Basionym: Achania poeppigii Sprengel Syst. Veg. 3: 100. 1826 Treatment

not confluent tubercles; petals white to pale green proximally with green veins, purple to lavender or pink distally, 9–12 mm. Capsules cylindric, 4–6

segments thick, often terminated by a bristle; sepals equal; petals 6, pale rose or pink, oblong, subequal, 2.5–5 × 1.5–2 mm; stamens 11, scarcely reaching

segments thick, often terminated by a bristle; sepals equal; petals 6, pale-purple or pink, cuneate-oblong, sub­equal, 3–4.5 × 0.6–1 mm; stamens 11, reaching

usually rounded to blunt or obtuse, sometimes acute. Corollas whitish, pale rose, pink, or red, lobes sparsely glandular and hispid-villous. Pappi shorter

flower tube 25–35 × 15–35 mm; flower tube hairs 1–1.5 mm; inner tepals rose-pink to magenta, darkest proximally and/or centrally, 55–60 (–80) × 12–25 mm

only central spine 25–35 mm. Flowers 3.6–6 × 4–9 cm; inner tepals pale to bright-rose-pink, proximally blotched orangish brown, chestnut, maroon, or greenish

hirsute-bristly on margins, longest hairs simple; petals rose-pink to purplish, pale-veined, usually with pale to white base, 20 mm, pistillate darker and smaller;

lobes usually purple tinted; petals 7 or 8, pale-pink, pinkish rose, or rose-purple, usually neither pale-veined nor white at base, pistillate 8–12 (–14)

surfaces glabrous, densely stipitate or setose-glandular; petals single, pink to deep rose, rarely white, 22–26 × 25–30 mm; stamens 140; carpels 26–40 (–65),

cm; outermost tepal margins minutely fringed; inner tepals bright-rose-pink or rose-purple, 10–16 × 4–8 mm; stigma lobes yellow-green to green, 3–7 mm

10–30 mm; flower tube hairs 1 mm; inner tepals bright-rose-pink to magenta, often varying from paler to darker in same population, proximally darker, 37–75

toward apex, interlacing with spines of adjacent areoles, whitish or pale-yellow, pale redbrown, sometimes tipped yellow, of 2 kinds; radial spines slender

veins parallel, green, with pale commissures, lobes 5, broadly ovate, 2–4 mm, scarious around green midrib; corolla pink or rose red (rarely white), clawed

white to pale-pink or lilac or light blue, laminae 4.5–8 (–10) × 0.8–1.5 mm. Disc-florets (8–) 10–15 (–20); corollas whitish to cream becoming pink, (3.5–)

margins densely short fringed; inner tepals white or pinkish with bright-rose-pink midstripes, 14–19 × 5–7 mm; stigma lobes magenta, 3–6 mm. Fruits bright

enlarging in fruit, stellate-canescent, sparsely ciliate; petals pink to rose-purple or white, pale-veined, often whitened at base, 18–20 (–25) mm; stamens: outer

apically confluent tubercles; petals white to pale green proximally with green veins, rose-purple or lavender to pink or white distally, 10–18 mm. Capsules ovoid

erose, apex obtuse to rounded; petals 10–19, usually rose to pink, sometimes lavender, sometimes with paler or white centers, or wholly white, elliptic, oblong

scarlet, rose, red-orange, or yellow, sometimes orange, dull brownish orange, pale pinkish tan, yellow aging white, yellow aging pink, red with pink apices

inner tepals white to pale-pink, often with pink or lavender midstripes, 8–15 mm; stigma lobes light green, 3–5 mm. Fruits purplish-pink, clavate to obovoid

red to red-orange, crimson, or magenta throughout, sometimes green, pale orange, rose red, salmon, or yellow throughout, or proximally greenish or dull reddish

enlarged in fruit, uniformly minutely stellate-puberulent; petals pink to rose, pale-veined at least when dry, 9–20 (–25) mm, pistillate shortest; staminal

hairs sometimes longer, sometimes nearly glabrous; petals bright pink to rose-pink, often pale at base, 9–20 mm, pistillate 5–10 mm, bisexual 10–15 mm; staminal

purple, without conspicuous pale commissures, lobes ovate, 1–2.5 mm, margins broad, scarious, apex obtuse; corolla rose-pink, rarely white, clawed, claw

and vein hairs longest; petals usually light pink to dark rose, rarely white, usually conspicuously pale-veined especially when dried, pistillate darker

Walter H. Lewis, Barbara Ertter, Anne Bruneau Common names: Harsh downy-rose Introduced Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 92. Mentioned

floral-tube (90–) 120–210 (–220) mm; sepals 38–55 mm; petals pale-yellow to yellow, fading pale orange to pink, drying lavender to purple, usually broadly rhombic-obovate

and stellate hairs apically; petals usually pale-pink to rose-lavender, rarely white, slightly or not pale-veined, (9–) 10–21 mm, pistillate often 9–14

nonconfluent tubercles; petals white to pale green proximally with green veins, purplish to lavender or pink distally, (9–) 12–16 mm. Capsules cylindric

including 0.5–1 mm stipelike base; perianth white to pale-yellow or yellow, becoming pink to rose, villous abaxially; tepals monomorphic, obovate; stamens

Echinocereus coccineus var. arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) D. J. Ferguson Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizon icus (Rose ex Orcutt) L. D. Benson Treatment

hairs at base shorter, denser, marginal hairs longer; petals pink to rose, usually pale-veined, (10–) 23–24 mm; staminal column 8 mm; anthers white; stigmas

hairs, lobes green or purple-tinged; petals pink or pinkish lavender to magenta, usually drying purple, usually pale-veined, pistillate 9–10 mm, bisexual 15–28

longer, usually forked bristles; petals bright pinkish to rose-pink, drying dark purple, pale-veined at least when dry, pistillate 9–11 (–15) mm, bisexual

at base shorter, denser, marginal hairs longest; petals pink to rose or lavender-purple, pale-veined, pistillate 7–11 mm, bisexual 15–29 mm; staminal column

stellate-puberulent, marginal hairs longer and often simple; petals dark rose-pink, sometimes pale-veined, 7–10 (–12) mm; staminal column 3–5 mm, sparsely hairy;

(45–) 75–110 (–153) mm; sepals (22–) 30–45 (–50) mm; petals fading pink to pale rose, (21–) 35–43 (–50) mm; filaments (16–) 19–28 (–35) mm, anthers (10–)

sepals sometimes red-tipped, 2–4.5 × 1–2.2 mm; petals usually rose-purple to light pink, rarely white, 3–9 × 2–5.5 mm. Capsules 40–65 mm. Seeds 0.9–1.2

ovate-oblong, apex obtuse to rounded. Flowers usually odoriferous (fragrant as in roses or ill-scented as in cat urine), rarely odorless (S. minor); sepals persistent

of inflorescence; perianth 9–10 mm, glabrous, tube yellow-green, limbs pink or rose, lobes sharply reflexed at end of tube; stamens 3, exserted 10–14 mm

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyCommelinaceae genusTradescantia speciesTradescantia humilis Rose Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium 5: 204. 1899. Robert B. Faden

mm; anthers subsessile, yellow; pollen yellow; styles deep pink, 2.5–9 mm; stigmas deep pink. Capsules dark-brown, 10–14 mm diam., minutely to coarsely

apex obtuse, sometimes nearly acute, rounded, or truncate, abaxial surfaces pale green, glabrous, eglandular, adaxial green, dull, glabrous. Inflorescences

cm; outermost tepal margins long fringed; inner tepals pink to rose-purple, margins sometimes paler or white, at least proximally, 24–26 × 4 mm; stigma lobes

pubescent; sepals 6–8 mm; stamens 20, anthers white, rose, or red; styles (4 or) 5. Pomes bright pink to crimson, suborbicular, 10–20 (–25) mm diam., often

4–6 mm, margins entire or glandular-serrate; stamens 10 (20), anthers pink or rose; styles 4. Pomes red, pyriform-oblong, 8–10 mm diam., slightly pruinose;