632. Shrubs or trees, 5–70 (–100) dm, usually main trunk dominant. Stems: trunk bark usually dark-brown to dark gray or black, sometimes ashy gray, highly
22 KB (1,233 words) - 13:46, 30 July 2020
3-beaked. Seeds (50–200), usually dark-brown, ovoid, smooth, wrinkled, or tuberculate. x = 7. w North America Tellima R. Brown [unranked] Lithophragma Nuttall
11 KB (517 words) - 12:55, 30 July 2020
or gold 0.15–0.3 mm wide, apex usually acute. Anthers long-persistent. Perigynia appressed to ascending, usually dark-brown, often green or gold distally
8 KB (675 words) - 01:57, 30 July 2020
America Association Trees to 50 m; trunk to 4 m diam. Bark usually dark reddish-brown to light-brown with shallow furrows. Branchlets mostly with leaves in
3 KB (435 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
indurate, usually broadly elliptic to obovate, margins enclosing the edges of the paleas, apices obtuse, somewhat woolly-pubescent, usually dark-brown at maturity;
8 KB (842 words) - 03:58, 30 July 2020
Leaves monomorphic to somewhat dimorphic, crowded, 8–35 cm. Petiole usually dark reddish-brown, with single groove adaxially, glabrous, with single vascular-bundle
8 KB (357 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Creeping roots usually dark-brown or black, with scaly adventitious-buds. Stems ± cobwebby-tomentose
6 KB (731 words) - 20:01, 29 July 2020
vernation noncircinate. Petiole usually dark-brown, rounded adaxially. Blade ovate-deltate to oblong-lanceolate, usually 4-pinnate at base, 1.5–8 cm wide;
7 KB (507 words) - 00:32, 30 July 2020
of stem. Leaves scattered, 7–30 cm; vernation noncircinate. Petiole usually dark-brown, rounded adaxially. Blade lanceolate to ovate-deltate, 3–4-pinnate
7 KB (495 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
1-year old usually golden green to tan, sometimes deep reddish-brown or gray-brown, older graying; thorns on twigs usually numerous, usually ± recurved
20 KB (1,294 words) - 13:44, 30 July 2020
pubescent basally; anthers red to maroon, oblong to oval. Achenes usually included, dark-brown to deep maroon, not winged, globose-lenticular, glabrous. Seeds:
8 KB (627 words) - 10:53, 30 July 2020
moderately frequent, straight to recurved, 1-year old usually dark reddish-brown to blackish, usually shiny, usually slender, 2.5–5 cm. Leaves: petiole length (16–)
12 KB (860 words) - 14:42, 30 July 2020
spikes 8–22.5 × 1.4–4.6 mm. Scales: pistillate scales pale or usually dark reddish-brown, with narrow white margins, ovate to lanceolate, 2.7–4.3 × 0.8–2
8 KB (659 words) - 01:23, 30 July 2020
saccate basally, (setulose proximal to apex); petals yellow (usually with dark-brown, maroon, or purple veins), obovate, claw differentiated from blade, (apex
8 KB (600 words) - 12:21, 30 July 2020
glabrous adaxially; scales concolored to obscurely bicolored, usually dark reddish-brown throughout, broadly ovatelanceolate, clathrate, more than 0.5
6 KB (479 words) - 00:32, 30 July 2020
8–45 cm; vernation noncircinate. Petiole usually dark-brown, rounded adaxially. Blade oblong-lanceolate, usually 4-pinnate at base, 1.5–8 cm wide; rachis
7 KB (527 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
persistent. Leaves clustered, 7–30 cm; vernation noncircinate. Petiole usually dark-brown, rounded adaxially. Blade oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 3–4-pinnate
7 KB (511 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
of stem. Leaves scattered, 7–35 cm; vernation noncircinate. Petiole usually dark-brown, rounded adaxially. Blade oblong-lanceolate, 3–4-pinnate at base,
8 KB (566 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
of stem. Leaves scattered, 7–30 cm; vernation noncircinate. Petiole usually dark-brown, rounded adaxially. Blade oblong-lanceolate to ovate-deltate, 4-pinnate
7 KB (537 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
bases of leaves hard, leathery, usually dark-brown or castaneous; sheaths distally bristlyciliate, backs chestnut-brown, glabrous; ligule absent; blades
8 KB (572 words) - 01:31, 30 July 2020
conduplicate, usually rectangular-oblong, usually ± 3-toothed, sometimes entire, apices sometimes reddish or purplish). Ray-florets usually 5–30+ (–100+
32 KB (1,118 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
121. Mentioned on page 8, 124, 126, 131, 137. Herbs, annual or perennial, usually cespitose, rhizomatous or not. Culms sometimes solitary, scapose, stiff
13 KB (547 words) - 01:31, 30 July 2020
Plants usually on rock. Stems compact to long-creeping, ascending to horizontal, usually branched; scales brown to black or often bicolored with dark central
22 KB (1,068 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
Association Stems short-creeping, usually 2–4 mm diam.; scales usually uniformly dark-brown to black or rarely with narrow, light-brown margins, linear-lanceolate
7 KB (570 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
suborbiculate to broadly ovate, ovatelanceolate, reniform, or triangular, usually deeply to shallowly palmately (3–) 5 (–7) -lobed, sometimes unlobed or 2-lobed
15 KB (1,114 words) - 11:41, 30 July 2020
3–10 × 1.1–2.3 mm. Scales: pistillate scales pale to, usually, dark reddish-brown to purplish brown, with similarly colored or narrow white margins, ovate
8 KB (667 words) - 01:23, 30 July 2020
subequal, largest tubercle almost as wide as inner tepal. Achenes usually dark reddish-brown, 1.5–1.8 × 1–1.4 mm. 2n = 20. Phenology: Flowering early summer–early
8 KB (806 words) - 10:06, 30 July 2020
1–2.8 cm, margins dentate, oil cells on abaxial surface conspicuous, usually dark-brown. Flowers: petals 4–5.5 (–8) mm. Capsules 16–38 mm. Phenology: Flowering
4 KB (670 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
whenever Cystopteris species occur together, hybridization is likely; hybrids usually have shriveled and malformed spores. (2) Species of Cystopteris frequently
13 KB (711 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
trunks 1–few, usually ± erect, bark plated, ± exfoliating; compound thorns on trunks sometimes present; thorns on twigs determinate, usually numerous, straight
8 KB (677 words) - 14:35, 30 July 2020
6.5–7.2 mm, lobes yellow; anthers usually dark-brown to black (rarely reddish-brown), appendages dark or reddish-brown. Cypselae 3.5–5 mm; pappi of 2 aristate
7 KB (757 words) - 23:17, 29 July 2020
reddish-pubescent for 1–2 years. Buds hidden by leaves or exposed, usually dark-brown, ovoid, small, not resinous or with resin drop near tip, apex rounded;
9 KB (788 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
acute-acuminate (mid phyllaries ± keeled near apices), inner oblong, laminae usually dark-brown, sometimes purplish (at stereome-lamina junction), apices rounded
7 KB (556 words) - 20:37, 29 July 2020
ovoid or ovoid-elliptic, (15–) 20–50 cm, smooth, flesh usually white, sweet. Seeds usually dark-brown to black, sometimes whitish, ovate to ovate-elliptic
8 KB (623 words) - 11:42, 30 July 2020
15–30 mm. Disc-florets 40+; corollas 4.2–5.5 mm, lobes yellow; anthers usually dark-brown to black, appendages yellow. Cypselae 3–3.6 mm, glabrate; pappi of
7 KB (728 words) - 23:17, 29 July 2020
plane as the radial spines, dull white to dark gray or reddish-brown to dark-brown, usually with dark-brown to purplish black tips; inner central spine
10 KB (998 words) - 09:25, 30 July 2020
then 1 much larger, almost as wide as inner tepals). Achenes usually dark reddish-brown to almost black, 1.25–1.5 (–1.8) × 1–1.3 mm. 2n = 20. Phenology:
8 KB (806 words) - 10:06, 30 July 2020
at least on distal body, pithlike tissue usually present in proximal perigynium walls; beak usually dark-brown at tip, cylindric, unwinged, ± entire for
8 KB (689 words) - 01:56, 30 July 2020
straight, erect, ascending to deflexed, yellow to dark-brown to black, turning gray, pink-gray to gray-brown, longest (35–) 40–90 (–185) mm; if ± 2 kinds:
11 KB (845 words) - 09:18, 30 July 2020
striate below the nodes. Sheaths usually shorter than the internodes, smooth or scabridulous, usually with dark-brown necrotic spots, flat and spreading
8 KB (895 words) - 04:39, 30 July 2020
mm; stamens 3 or 6, anthers 1/2–3/4 filament length. Capsules usually exserted, dark-brown, 1-locular, ovoid to oblong, (3.2–) 3.5–6.1 mm, apex acute to
8 KB (503 words) - 00:58, 30 July 2020
pubescent or glabrous, 1-year old usually shiny, dark-brown, older gray; thorns on twigs 1-year old shiny, deep brown to blackish, often black-tipped, stout
9 KB (1,056 words) - 14:42, 30 July 2020
corollas (usually present) usually yellow to orange, sometimes ochroleucous or cyanic to reddish, purplish, or brown. Disc (inner) florets usually bisexual
30 KB (1,803 words) - 22:30, 29 July 2020
perennial; usually rhizomatous, often cespitose, sometimes mat-forming, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 2-300 cm, erect, geniculate, or decumbent, usually herbaceous
42 KB (1,621 words) - 04:38, 30 July 2020
reddish tinged, glabrous, 1-year old usually shiny, dark-brown, older gray; thorns on twigs 1-year old shiny, deep brown to blackish, often black-tipped, stout
14 KB (1,559 words) - 14:41, 30 July 2020
constitute an involucre, usually number 5–21(–50+), usually are unequal (outermost usually shorter than the inner), and usually are arranged ± imbricately
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
variously ornamented (usually cristate or rugose). Gametophytes green, aboveground, obcordate to reniform, sometimes asymmetric, usually glabrous (glandular-farinose
15 KB (634 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
dehiscence septicidal between beaks. Seeds 5–200, tan, brown, dark-brown, black, yellowish-brown, reddish-brown, or red, rarely winged (Astilbe, Jepsonia, Sullivantia)
27 KB (1,591 words) - 13:14, 30 July 2020
inflorescences were usually spicate or racemose, although more complex inflorescences occurred, especially in Asia. Subgenus Indocarex usually had bisexual spikes
80 KB (3,349 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
when usually dark, but freshly exposed ± russet, sometimes deeply corrugated and dark gray-brown, or smooth, thin and exfoliating, when usually pale,
26 KB (2,400 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
falling, usually 8–40+ in 2–4+ series, usually distinct, usually lanceolate, linear, orbiculate, or ovate, subequal or unequal (outer usually shorter,
21 KB (800 words) - 22:59, 29 July 2020
present or often absent. Seeds 1–60+, yellowish or tan to dark red or often brown or black, usually reniform or triangular to circular and laterally compressed
11 KB (765 words) - 10:56, 30 July 2020
ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces usually hairy (often hispid to scabrellous), often glanddotted. Heads usually radiate, sometimes discoid, borne singly
10 KB (633 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
Drupes red, reddish-brown, or brown, globose or depressed-globose, (exocarp coriaceous, rarely thin), smooth, (mesocarp usually dry, mealy, rarely absent
41 KB (2,034 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
faces usually hairy and glandular (glands sometimes elaborate, apices sometimes gland or spine-tipped). Heads usually radiate, rarely discoid, usually in
15 KB (799 words) - 23:36, 29 July 2020
cymiform, or paniculiform arrays. Calyculi usually of 3–8 (–21+) bractlets or bracts (usually ± herbaceous, usually shorter than phyllaries and/or reflexed
12 KB (744 words) - 23:22, 29 July 2020
large, lax to dense, in tufts or mats, dark green, yellow-green, golden green, or orange, sometimes reddish-brown or nearly black, often lustrous. Stems
15 KB (450 words) - 07:51, 30 July 2020
43. Plants small to large, in tufts, cushions, or mats, dark green, reddish-brown, or olive brown, dull. Stems erect-ascending and often 2-fid, or creeping
14 KB (382 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
sides prominently veined or not; beak terminal, straight, 2-4 mm. Seeds dark-brown to black (often appearing white because of air in seed-coat cells), rectangular
9 KB (574 words) - 08:34, 30 July 2020
stramineous to dark-brown, margins scarious, involute, clasping the paleas; upper paleas indurate, smooth to slightly rugose, stramineous to dark-brown. Caryopses
22 KB (1,167 words) - 04:18, 30 July 2020
3–25+, neuter; corollas yellow or orange, brown-purple, maroon, or reddish, sometimes bicolor (orange, brown-purple, maroon, or reddish plus yellow, laminae
9 KB (600 words) - 23:53, 29 July 2020
promptly drying. Seeds (0–) 5–3000+, yellowish, reddish, brown, black, or appearing tan or whitish (dark testa completely covered by pale, tough, glabrous or
40 KB (1,967 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
or hairy. Stems 1–20+; bark reddish, reddish-brown, gray-brown, or dark gray; long and short-shoots usually present; thorns present or absent. Leaves deciduous
43 KB (1,828 words) - 14:17, 30 July 2020
groups); staminate usually of 10–20+ (usually ± clavate, sometimes capillary, barbellate to barbellulate) bristles; pistillate usually of 12–20+ (capillary
38 KB (2,648 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
valvate or circumscissile, or drupaceous. Seeds 1–45, brown, reddish-brown, black, or white, usually angular; embryo straight or curved; endosperm copious
11 KB (679 words) - 13:07, 30 July 2020
post-mature petals pale paper brown; stamens (5–) 10 or 20 (–47), rarely ca. 15, anthers pink to purple or white to cream. Pomes usually red, sometimes yellow
28 KB (995 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
Plants usually on rock. Stems compact to long-creeping, ascending to horizontal, usually branched; scales brown to tan or often bicolored with dark, central
15 KB (692 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
anatropous or campylotropous, bitegmic, usually crassinucellate, rarely tenuinucellate. Fruits usually capsular, usually 2-valved ((3 or) 4 (–6) in Rorippa
107 KB (3,718 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
tardily dehiscent (D. pictus). Seeds 100–2000, yellow to olive green or dark-brown, ovoid to oblong, flattened, wings absent. x = 8, 9, 10. w United States
28 KB (1,133 words) - 19:01, 29 July 2020
vines), perennial, deciduous or evergreen, usually autotrophic, sometimes mycotrophic (subfam. Monotropoideae), usually chlorophyllous and autotrophic, sometimes
33 KB (1,383 words) - 13:10, 30 July 2020
subterranean, usually green and photosynthetic, some without chlorophyll and saprophytic. Roots subterranean or aerial, tuberoid or stolonoid, usually with spongy
41 KB (2,210 words) - 05:19, 30 July 2020
ovate to lanceolate, usually petaloid and glabrous; petals 3, distinct, usually longer and broader than sepals, sometimes clawed, usually hairy adaxially,
21 KB (685 words) - 05:34, 30 July 2020
Eleocharis sect. Parvulae), terminating rhizomes or among culm bases. Culms usually spongy with incomplete transverse septa, seldom hollow with complete transverse
37 KB (456 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Plants usually densely cespitose, rarely colonial, short-rhizomatous. Culms brown at base. Leaves: basal sheaths somewhat
57 KB (937 words) - 01:54, 30 July 2020
distinct, (usually green to whitish green, rarely stramineous) ovate to lanceolate, unequal, margins and apices (usually green or white, rarely dark-brown or black)
14 KB (1,396 words) - 20:45, 29 July 2020
cespitose or not, often scaly-rhizomatous. Culms procumbent to erect, usually trigonous, wiry to stout. Leaves basal and cauline, polystichous, mostly
38 KB (1,253 words) - 01:40, 30 July 2020
stoloniferous; roots brown or black without yellowbrown felty covering. Culms purple or red at base. Leaves: basal sheaths usually fibrous; sheath fronts
15 KB (557 words) - 02:02, 30 July 2020
apices spreading to erect, usually spine-tipped, innermost usually with erect, flat, often twisted, entire or dentate, usually spineless apices (distal portion
60 KB (2,205 words) - 13:43, 10 February 2021
fimbriate or plumose. Achenes included in accrescent and usually veiny perianth, tan to dark-brown, unwinged to weakly winged, 3-gonous, sometimes compressed-3-gonous
41 KB (1,085 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
yellow to brown, redbrown to gray, or black, sometimes partly to wholly white chalky (chalkiness disappearing when wet), aging gray to dark-brown to black
34 KB (1,067 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
teeth to divided to base, or a usually indehiscent utricle; carpophore sometimes present. Seeds 1-150 (-500+), often brown or black, sometimes white or yellowish
29 KB (1,113 words) - 10:14, 30 July 2020
pneumatophores, usually branched. Leaves cauline, usually alternate, rarely opposite; stipules present, often deciduous, usually dark reddish green; usually petiolate
30 KB (1,654 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
(1–) 3–6 (–30) bristles and/or scales, usually falling off with fruit; stamens usually (1–) 3, rarely more, usually distinct; anthers basifixed; pistils
24 KB (775 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
internodes usually hollow. Sheaths usually open for most of their length, sometimes closed; collars without tufts of hair on the sides; auricles usually absent;
45 KB (1,179 words) - 03:07, 30 July 2020
FNA Volume 23. Plants cespitose or not, short to long rhizomatous. Culms brown or redbrown at base. Leaves: basal sheaths fibrous or not; sheath fronts
16 KB (761 words) - 02:00, 30 July 2020
Bark gray to dark-brown or black, smooth or furrowed. Leaf-blade lobed or unlobed, margins entire or toothed, teeth if present usually bristle-tipped
23 KB (617 words) - 08:21, 30 July 2020
purplish brown, pink, or red, spheric to narrowly obovoid, usually 20–30 mm, juicy, drying quickly, scales minute; areoles spiny, spine clusters usually deciduous
24 KB (1,147 words) - 09:19, 30 July 2020
thorn-tipped or not. Leaves alternate; stipules deciduous, thin; blade usually herbaceous, sometimes leathery, margins entire or teeth gland-tipped, at
15 KB (437 words) - 18:13, 29 July 2020
[–180] dm. Stems 1–25, erect, ascending, spreading to prostrate; bark usually dark gray, smooth; short-shoots present or absent; unarmed; glabrous or tomentose
31 KB (1,652 words) - 14:31, 30 July 2020
green, occasionally blackish green distally, yellowbrown to dark-brown proximally. Stems usually to 2 cm, occasionally branching; rounded-pentagonal in transverse-section
26 KB (1,447 words) - 07:08, 30 July 2020
capitate. Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 500–2000 (–5000), tan to dark-brown, rarely black, irregularly globular or ovoid to oblong-ellipsoid, prismatic
22 KB (1,669 words) - 19:24, 29 July 2020
fragmentation. Stems usually erect or decumbent; branches usually flexible at base, usually not glaucous, (dull to highly glossy). Buds usually alba-type, sometimes
52 KB (888 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
ovary superior, usually green, 3-locular or 6-locular with false septa, 6-lobed; style white to dark green, often thick; stigmas usually 3, sometimes 1
17 KB (687 words) - 06:11, 30 July 2020
forms, usually with distinct capitulum; green, whitish, pale, yellow-green to light brownish, rarely dark-colored. Stems green, brown, dark-brown to occasionally
17 KB (673 words) - 06:50, 30 July 2020
637. Plants small to large, usually in stiff, loose mats, dark green to golden brown. Stems creeping or ascending, usually regularly 1–3-pinnate, not stipitate;
11 KB (469 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
terminal; stigmas 1, usually capitate (rarely truncate). Fruits capsular, dehiscence valvate or operculate. Seeds 1–200+, brown or black, angular or rounded
12 KB (662 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
distinct or connate; stigmas capitate. Achenes included or exserted, brown or dark-brown to black, not winged, discoid, biconvex, 2–3-gonous, or spheroidal
10 KB (671 words) - 10:11, 30 July 2020
monomorphic, base usually asymmetric, rarely symmetric, margins entire or variously toothed, surfaces glabrous or hairy; venation usually palmate or palmate
36 KB (819 words) - 18:21, 29 July 2020
apophyses, which at the time of seed-shed are cream to light brown or gray—rather than light red-brown. They are distinguished from each other as follows: P.
29 KB (1,428 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
reddish to dark or very dark-brown, rarely tan to chestnut, older gray or gray-brown, sometimes dark purple-brown; thorns on twigs usually few, straight
17 KB (1,102 words) - 13:45, 30 July 2020
sometimes toothed; cauline usually present, lobed or entire, usually reduced in size and lobing distally. Heads (erect) usually in cymiform, corymbiform
18 KB (964 words) - 20:06, 29 July 2020
Plants usually on rock. Stems short-creeping to compact, ascending to horizontal, usually branched; scales black or often bicolored with dark central
13 KB (724 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
terminal on green stems or, in some species, terminating special, reproductive, brown stems, composed of whorls of peltate sporophylls; cone apices rounded or
11 KB (523 words) - 00:32, 30 July 2020
seed-coat tan to dark-brown (red in I. foetidissima), thin, membranous, and smooth, or conspicuously roughened to extensively corky (usually in wetland species)
20 KB (1,129 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
twigs: new growth usually glabrous, sometimes pilose, 1-year old dark gray, pale-brown, tan, brown, or orangebrown, 2-years old usually medium pale gray;
13 KB (1,053 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
thorns on twigs usually frequent, straight to recurved, 2-years old usually dark gray, almost black, sometimes purple or chestnut-brown, usually slender, (1–)
16 KB (1,084 words) - 14:44, 30 July 2020
C. pauciflorus). Capsules usually horned (horns sometimes minute or weakly developed bulges), sometimes not horned, usually not crested (crested in C.
14 KB (504 words) - 18:27, 29 July 2020
red, usually connate to tip in bud, reflexed singly, in pairs, or all together to 1 side at anthesis; petals 4, usually lavender or pink to dark reddish
19 KB (745 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
cells, usually with internal phloem, abundant raphides in vegetative cells. Stems erect to decumbent or prostrate. Leaves usually deciduous, usually alternate
19 KB (805 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
gray, white, yellow, straw colored, red, reddish-brown, brown, pink to purplish-pink or black, usually of 2–3 distinct types, 1 or more hooked (rarely none
19 KB (1,100 words) - 09:23, 30 July 2020
dimorphic; stamens usually exserted, occasionally included; filaments pilose proximally, very rarely glabrous. Achenes light to dark-brown, not winged, 3-gonous
24 KB (947 words) - 10:41, 30 July 2020
deliquescent. Bark of trunks and branches dark-brown to chalky white, smooth, often exfoliating; lenticels dark, prominent, sometimes horizontally expanded
18 KB (893 words) - 08:41, 30 July 2020
arborescent]; caudex usually present when perennial. Stems present or absent, if present, erect, glabrous or hairy. Leaves usually basal, usually alternate, (cauline
17 KB (732 words) - 19:20, 29 July 2020
with recurved tips; carpophore absent. Seeds 30–150+, light to dark-brown, reddish-brown, or black, circular to angular, plump or laterally compressed,
13 KB (764 words) - 10:17, 30 July 2020
with purplish base. > 29 28 Petals usually maroon, reddish brown, pink, greenish maroon, purplish bronze, white, or brown throughout (except in pigment-free
30 KB (822 words) - 06:13, 30 July 2020
on page 9. Mentioned on page 8, 10, 44. Shrubs usually synoecious (R. diacanthum dioecious). Stems usually differentiated into short-shoots and long-shoots
23 KB (1,464 words) - 13:16, 30 July 2020
obovate-spatulate, 7–18 mm, apex usually emarginate, sometimes truncate or obcordate; filaments 2–7 mm; anthers usually cream or yellow, sometimes dark-pink, orange-red
8 KB (525 words) - 12:04, 30 July 2020
Woodsia oregana, Woodsia phillipsii, Woodsia plummerae, Woodsia scopulina R. Brown Prodr. 158. 1810. Michael D. Windham Common names: Cliff fern Etymology:
12 KB (653 words) - 00:23, 30 July 2020
indefinite duration usually decumbent and rooting at the lower nodes. Sheaths open; ligules membranous, sometimes ciliate; blades usually flat. Inflorescences
23 KB (1,318 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
whorled, or spiral, simple; stipules absent; petiole present or absent; blade usually not fleshy or leathery, rarely fleshy, leathery, or chartaceous, margins
19 KB (841 words) - 19:24, 29 July 2020
or perennial herbs, often evergreen, usually glandular-punctate or with secretory resin canals appearing as dark dots or streaks on vegetative and/or floral
9 KB (395 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
alternate, basally equitant; blade plane, ensiform, usually glabrous. Inflorescences rhipidiate, usually terminal (basal flowers occasionally produced in
23 KB (1,162 words) - 06:04, 30 July 2020
1-year old deep reddish-brown, older gray; thorns on twigs usually numerous, usually recurved, 1-year old shiny, dark-brown to black, stout to slender
13 KB (959 words) - 14:41, 30 July 2020
Plants small to large, in dense or loose mats, glaucous, green, brown, or yellowish-brown, dull. Stems creeping, sparsely to profusely branched, irregularly
5 KB (166 words) - 07:56, 30 July 2020
moderate-sized, rarely robust, with distinct capitulum; green, brown, pink, red. Stems green, red or brown, superficial cortex of 2–4 layers of efibrillose, nonornamented
19 KB (686 words) - 07:06, 30 July 2020
10–500 cm. Stems usually erect to ascending, rarely prostrate, fastigiately or intricately branched (bark typically tan to reddish-brown, becoming gray,
23 KB (1,156 words) - 22:11, 29 July 2020
1–40 dm; usually rhizomatous. Stems 5–20+, usually erect to ascending or arching, sometimes spreading, prostrate, or decumbent; bark reddish to dark-brown
20 KB (1,036 words) - 14:24, 30 July 2020
scabrellous; bracts usually 3, connate basally, usually scalelike, sometimes semileaflike or leaflike. Peduncles absent or erect, usually stout. Involucres
80 KB (1,352 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
expanded at apex. Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 4–25, pale-brown to dark-brown, ovoid to reniform, wings absent. x = 6, 7. w United States, nw Mexico
10 KB (460 words) - 18:57, 29 July 2020
oval to oblong; styles erect to spreading. Achenes included, light-brown to dark-brown or black, not winged, lenticular, globose-lenticular, or 3-gonous
23 KB (1,142 words) - 10:54, 30 July 2020
Inflorescences loosely racemose, bracteate; bracts leaflike. Flowers 1–many, usually nodding, 3-merous; perianth hypogynous, campanulate or cupulate; tepals
13 KB (449 words) - 05:41, 30 July 2020
yellowish green to dark green, dull or shiny. Stems (0.5–) 2–12 (–18) cm, erect, simple or forked, densely tomentose with white or reddish-brown, smooth to papillose
26 KB (1,278 words) - 06:56, 30 July 2020
linear), usually bearing conspicuous spines and always bearing glochids. Spines slender to stout (to hairlike), terete to strongly flattened, usually smooth
9 KB (803 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
ascending to recurved teeth; carpophore absent. Seeds [1–] 5–35, brown to dark-brown or black, reniform or suborbicular, laterally compressed or not, shiny
12 KB (698 words) - 10:04, 30 July 2020
petals 3, maroon or green, usually shorter than sepals; stamens (3–) 5–15 (–25); carpels 3; style 0–0.5 mm; stigmas 3, dark red, fimbriate-plumose, sometimes
11 KB (511 words) - 11:39, 30 July 2020
base) or white and sometimes darkly streaked (by resin canals) variously black, brown, maroon, red, or brownish violet, usually rotate (to funnelform or campanulate)
18 KB (899 words) - 13:07, 30 July 2020
appears in FNA Volume 2. Plants usually on rock. Stems compact, erect to ascending, usually unbranched; scales tan to brown, rarely black, concolored, subulate
11 KB (568 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
Seta single or multiple, yellow, yellow-green, brown, sometimes reddish or greenish, rarely orange, dark red, or blackish with age, 1.2–5 cm, straight to
15 KB (750 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
individually; petals yellow, usually fading dark yellow, orange, pale-pink, or pale-purple, suborbiculate to rhombic or obcordate; stigma usually yellow to yellow-green
9 KB (950 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
mats. Stems red, reddish-brown, or brown, rarely yellowish-brown, erect, simple or branched distally, not dendroid; rhizoids brown, macronemata mainly proximal
13 KB (645 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
membranous. Leaves generally withering from tip by anthesis, usually persistent, 1–12, basal; blade usually linear, terete, channeled, or flat (carinate in A. sativum
43 KB (1,553 words) - 05:48, 30 July 2020
included in subg. Dasanthera. Molecular data indicate that some sections as usually circumscribed are paraphyletic. Absent a robust phylogeny for Penstemon
12 KB (581 words) - 19:05, 29 July 2020
to recurved), triangular (pollen usually yellow, usually white in E. pallida). Cypselae (tan or bicolored with dark-brown band distally) 3-angled or 4-angled
10 KB (797 words) - 23:04, 29 July 2020
to slightly recurved, 2-years old gray to dark gray, rarely ± shiny dark-brown or black, older gray, usually slender, sometimes stout, 2–6 cm. Leaves:
12 KB (864 words) - 14:39, 30 July 2020
colonial, short to long-rhizomatous. Culms reddish purple, reddish-brown, or brown at base. Leaves: basal sheaths fibrous or not; sheath fronts membranous;
14 KB (621 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
glabrous or densely pubescent, 1-year old deep reddish-brown, brown, or purple-brown, older gray to dark gray, sometimes orangebrown overlaid with gray; bark
14 KB (936 words) - 14:35, 30 July 2020
at junction of ovary and free hypanthium usually white or yellow (yellow to orange in H. parvifolia), usually concealed by free hypanthium and sepals (exposed
26 KB (1,593 words) - 12:56, 30 July 2020
or decumbent; branches flexible at base, usually not glaucous (usually slightly or highly glossy). Buds usually arctica-type (alba-type in S. athabascensis)
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in tufts of a few; dark green to yellowish-brown stems. Stems simple or forked; central strand absent; rhizoids brown to red or dark purple, scanty to numerous
12 KB (515 words) - 07:15, 30 July 2020
ascending to recurved teeth; carpophore present or usually absent. Seeds 1–10, dark reddish or greenish brown, tan, blackish purple, black, or gray, ovoid to
19 KB (1,194 words) - 10:09, 30 July 2020
that disperse seeds ballistically are usually on erect peduncles; capsules that passively release their seeds usually point downward (A. J. Beattie and N
39 KB (2,374 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
distinct capitulum; green, pale green, yellowish, red, tan, brown to dark-brown. Stems green, brown or reddish, outer cortex of 3–4 layers of inflated, thin-walled
12 KB (538 words) - 07:01, 30 July 2020
perichaetial leaves usually with a longer and more or less sheathing base and shorter subulate than stem-leaves. Seta pale-yellow to dark reddish-brown, elongate
12 KB (487 words) - 06:59, 30 July 2020
yellowish-brown to orangish brown, with fine decurrent ridges, punctate (sometimes inconspicuously), glabrous or puberulent; bark becoming gray to dark gray
11 KB (671 words) - 13:52, 30 July 2020
Inflorescences usually umbels, 2–25 (–125) -flowered, sometimes solitary flowers; bracts usually ternate. Pedicels recurved, usually straight and longer
21 KB (1,760 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
purple-brown, sometimes tan or reddish-brown, 2-years old grayish; thorns on twigs usually numerous, straight to recurved, 2-years old usually black or blackish
12 KB (981 words) - 14:43, 30 July 2020
2–3-cleft); scapes 1–several per rosette, glabrous; heads pale to dark, white, gray, or gray-brown, hemispheric to globose or short-cylindric; receptacle hairy
13 KB (541 words) - 01:03, 30 July 2020
flattened distally, papillose). Cypselae (dark-brown to black or yellowish-brown) prismatic, 5-ribbed, usually glanddotted, sometimes scabrellous on ribs;
9 KB (571 words) - 22:44, 29 July 2020
cespitose, short-rhizomatous or inconspicuously rhizomatous. Culms: bases brown, rarely red tinged. Leaves: basal sheaths fibrous; sheath fronts membranous
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Volume 2. Plants usually on rock. Stems compact to short-creeping, erect to ascending, sparingly branched; scales tan to chestnut-brown, concolored to weakly
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rhizomatous (stoloniferous in C. mackenziei). Culms brown at base. Leaves: basal sheaths fibrous, usually not persisting more than a year; sheath fronts membranous;
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absent; exostome teeth dark red to reddish-brown, lanceolate, densely and finely papillose, apically free; endostome yellowish to pale-brown, segments keeled
12 KB (605 words) - 07:34, 30 July 2020
blade apex 2-fid usually for 2/3–4/5 its length (S. holostea occasionally laciniate); nectaries at base of filaments opposite sepals usually present, disc
21 KB (985 words) - 10:17, 30 July 2020
perianth. Flowers solitary or in heads. Capsules 1-locular or usually 3-locular. Seeds usually not tailed. North America and south temperate areas of the
9 KB (398 words) - 00:55, 30 July 2020
connected by slender rhizomes. Stems 1–5, usually erect, sometimes decumbent (P. bootii), usually simple (leafy), usually glabrous proximally, tomentulose distally
14 KB (741 words) - 20:12, 29 July 2020
reddish-brown, becoming darker, sometimes black when old, usually erect, rarely sinuate at maturity or sterile stems sometimes arching, usually simple,
12 KB (627 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
2, short, brown, apical cells 1–4, elongate, hyaline. Stem and branch leaves often differentiated, loosely appressed, usually ovate, usually concave; base
8 KB (302 words) - 07:56, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Plants usually densely cespitose, short to long rhizomatous. Culms solitary or not, brown or purple at base. Leaves: basal sheaths
12 KB (663 words) - 02:07, 30 July 2020
basally, usually plane distally, sinuate to entire proximally, toothed to entire distally; apex acuminate or acute; costa double or obscure, usually to 1/4
18 KB (782 words) - 07:52, 30 July 2020
yellow, or tan to brown. Spines with whole epidermis sheath deciduous; major spines not or only basally angularly flattened. Glochids usually in tuft at adaxial
17 KB (804 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
in tufts or mats. Stems dark-brown or reddish-brown, erect, simple or branching distally, not dendroid; rhizoids dark-brown, macronemata often matted
10 KB (544 words) - 07:40, 30 July 2020
glabrous, 1-year old reddish-brown to blackish brown, often shiny, 2-years old deep gray, sometimes grayish red or gray-brown; thorns on twigs few to numerous
15 KB (1,064 words) - 14:43, 30 July 2020
2-6-lobed; anthers usually somewhat apiculate, occasionally retuse. Pistillate flowers: calyx adnate to ovary, not forming flange; styles usually abruptly enlarged
27 KB (606 words) - 08:45, 30 July 2020
381, 468, 482, 491, 548, 562, 56. Plants usually turf-forming or loosely cespitose, green distally and brown proximally. Stems 0.2–4 (–10) cm, irregularly
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1/4–1/2 capsule length; carpophore absent. Seeds ca. 125, light tan to dark or reddish-brown, obliquely triangular with abaxial groove, or reniform to nearly
13 KB (654 words) - 10:21, 30 July 2020
scalelike. Peduncles usually absent, when present restricted to proximal nodes, erect, straight, slender. Involucres 1 per node, usually appressed to the inflorescence
19 KB (884 words) - 10:50, 30 July 2020
25 Rachises dark reddish brown throughout. Asplenium trichomanes 25 Rachises dark in proximal 1/3–2/3 or only at base. > 26 26 Rachises dark in proximal
11 KB (330 words) - 00:25, 30 July 2020
appressed, body margins entire, distal parts expanded into erect to spreading, usually ± dentate or fringed, linear to ovate appendages, spine-tipped or spineless
21 KB (1,712 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
sometimes darker; styles yellow or greenish, sometimes grayish to blackish). Cypselae straw-colored to olive, brown, or red to pale or dark gray, bodies
28 KB (2,401 words) - 20:10, 29 July 2020
2-years old dark-brown to black, ± stout, 3–7 (–9) cm. Leaves: petiole length (25–) 30–50% blade, pubescent to tomentose, sometimes glabrescent, usually eglandular;
16 KB (1,227 words) - 14:40, 30 July 2020
short-rhizomatous. Culms dark-brown to black at base, usually more than 1 mm wide. Leaves: basal sheaths fibrous or not; sheath fronts sometimes dotted brown, yellow,
9 KB (619 words) - 01:46, 30 July 2020
ovate to nearly oval, base decurrent onto stem, usually gradually tapering to petiole, margins usually entire, rarely slightly toothed, sometimes undulate
13 KB (1,045 words) - 13:06, 30 July 2020
ovoid, obovoid, or nearly globose. Seeds ellipsoid to globose, yellow to dark-brown, smooth to scabrous or furrowed. x = 7. Generally dry areas in temperate
8 KB (560 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
outer sometimes foliaceous, bases usually indurate, margins usually scarious, erose, hyaline or not, (apices usually with a well-defined green zone, sometimes
62 KB (1,546 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
appears in FNA Volume 23. Plants loosely cespitose or, usually, colonial, rhizomatous. Culms brown or purple at base. Leaves: basal sheaths sometimes fibrous;
9 KB (480 words) - 02:06, 30 July 2020
Sidastrum, and Sphaeralcea; blade usually symmetric, asymmetric in Malvella, sometimes asymmetric in Pavonia, usually unlobed, sometimes palmately lobed
20 KB (532 words) - 11:23, 30 July 2020
present; twigs: new growth usually glabrous (not recorded in C. nitida), 1-year old gray to reddish-brown or chestnut-brown; thorns on twigs absent or
11 KB (967 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
[–7], usually lobed. Fruits capsular, woody, dehiscence loculicidal and septicidal, [rarely irregular or fruits drupaceous]. Seeds 2–20, reddish-brown to
10 KB (598 words) - 13:08, 30 July 2020
spike staminate, androgynous, or gynecandrous. Proximal pistillate scales dark-brown to almost black, 1–3-veined, apex obtuse to acuminate. Perigynia ascending
9 KB (463 words) - 02:12, 30 July 2020
clear yellow-brown. > 7 2 Seeds 1.8–2.6 mm, including tails; stamens usually 6. > 3 2 Seeds 0.7–1.9 mm, including tails; stamens usually 3. > 4 3 Stems
13 KB (391 words) - 01:01, 30 July 2020
or not, yellowish or reddish to dark-brown or black, cylindric to ovoid or spindle-shaped; hypophysis same color or darker than urn, short-to-elongate, narrower
7 KB (419 words) - 07:33, 30 July 2020
of length; ovules 2 or 3 [or 4] (all but 1 usually aborting). Fruits pomes, usually orange or red, rarely brown or yellow [green, white, or pink], globose
21 KB (1,208 words) - 14:28, 30 July 2020
Leaves heterophyllous, juvenile usually opposite, horizontal, sessile, blade base ± cordate, surfaces glaucous, adult usually alternate, vertical, petiolate
12 KB (633 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
distinctly colored. Sexual condition autoicous. Seta elongate, smooth, brown to red or dark red. Capsule generally long-exserted or just emergent, erect to inclined
11 KB (510 words) - 06:46, 30 July 2020
eriantherus). Capsules glabrous, rarely glandular-pubescent distally. Seeds brown, dark-brown, or black, angled to reniform or slightly rounded, 1.5–4.8 mm. w North
21 KB (880 words) - 19:09, 29 July 2020
terrestrial. Stems often long-creeping, usually branched, 1–2.5 mm diam., not whitish pruinose; scales bicolored with dark central region, round to ovatelanceolate
9 KB (518 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
subjects of recent monographic studies. The dark spots on the achenes of some species apparently are the dark periclinal walls of the epidermis contrasting
6 KB (590 words) - 01:27, 30 July 2020
or cells enlarged, not or slightly inflated, hyaline, yellowbrown, brown, reddish-brown, or rarely bright red, walls thin or incrassate, region mostly well
17 KB (800 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
sometimes forming colonies. Stems 1–150, erect to ascending; bark usually gray, sometimes brown or salmon colored, smooth or fissuring in older trees; short-shoots
22 KB (1,558 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
Capsule erect and symmetric or slightly inclined, yellow to reddish-brown, darker red or brown at mouth, elliptic to cylindric, more or less wrinkled-plicate
21 KB (1,511 words) - 07:02, 30 July 2020
rarely glabrous; style glabrous. Capsules glabrous. Seeds tan to brown or dark-brown, angled to angled-elongate, 0.9–4 mm. w United States, n Mexico Species
29 KB (982 words) - 19:10, 29 July 2020
distinct or overlapping. Achenes in shallow pits or embedded, dark reddish brown to dark brown, 1.4–2 mm; bractlets and sepals clasping; torus yellowish red
14 KB (994 words) - 14:08, 30 July 2020
well developed; green, yellowish, light-brown, golden brown, reddish-brown to dark-brown. Stem green to dark-brown, superficial cortex of 0–3 layers of efibrillose
12 KB (600 words) - 06:59, 30 July 2020
sale via the Internet. They are usually grown as container plants and need sun for flowering. Oxalate deposits, usually as orange or blackish dots or stripes
23 KB (1,013 words) - 18:29, 29 July 2020
axillary hairs usually well developed. Stem-leaves straight, falcate, or squarrose, plicate or not; costa single, usually long, or double and usually short; alar
21 KB (586 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
tropical species], parallel distally. False indusia light gray-green or brown to dark-brown, narrow, 0.6–1 mm wide, marginal, concealing sporangia until sporangia
11 KB (615 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
trees, 2–200 dm. Stems 1+ (derived from root shoots), erect; bark dark-brown, reddish-brown, or gray, firm, platy or scaly; long and short-shoots present;
17 KB (1,038 words) - 14:33, 30 July 2020
Achenes includedor exserted, yellowish or dark-brown, unwinged, 3-gonous, glabrous. Seeds: embryo usually curved. x = 8, 10, 11. w North America, Europe
9 KB (726 words) - 10:12, 30 July 2020
abaxial sinus usually ± deeper than others). Cypselae (dark redbrown or stramineous) outer often arcuate, shorter, inner more columnar, usually some or all
11 KB (661 words) - 23:26, 29 July 2020
sometimes pubescent, 1-year old usually tan to deep mahogany; bark on younger 2–5 cm thick branches mainly dark gray-brown or orange, conspicuous horizontal
11 KB (775 words) - 14:36, 30 July 2020
orange, or tan [white, brown, purple] with light or dark green, white, yellow, brown, or orange [purple] longitudinal stripes, usually ellipsoid, globose,
17 KB (1,139 words) - 11:28, 30 July 2020
Cypselae stramineous or reddish to dark-brown, ± compressed, mostly oblong or oblanceoloid to ellipsoid, beaks 0, ribs usually 2–4 (–5+) on each face, faces
9 KB (535 words) - 20:13, 29 July 2020
perichaetial leaves same size as vegetative leaves or usually larger, sometimes forming rosette, inner leaves usually highly differentiated, often narrower, costa
20 KB (757 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
(9) -veined, unawned; calluses usually glabrous, sometimes pilose; lemmas hyaline or membranous, 3-veined, veins usually shortly hairy below, apices rounded
11 KB (976 words) - 04:34, 30 July 2020
50–100% hairy, hairs to 0.7–1.3 mm; style glabrous. Capsules glabrous. Seeds dark-brown to black, angled to rounded, 1.1–2.1 mm. w United States, nw Mexico Species
12 KB (656 words) - 19:06, 29 July 2020
gregarious (tall turfs in R. andersonii), green to red-green. Stems 0.3–6 cm, usually strongly rosulate, sometimes in 2 or more interrupted rosettes, rarely evenly
16 KB (845 words) - 07:38, 30 July 2020
Ceanothus 4 Sepals spreading or erect, usually yellowish, yellowish green, green, or greenish white to white, sometimes brown, orange or purple; petals white
16 KB (532 words) - 18:17, 29 July 2020
clawed, claw usually conspicuous, sometimes small, rarely absent, auricles 2, coronal appendages 2, variously shaped or dissected; limb usually exserted and
36 KB (1,364 words) - 10:24, 30 July 2020
Cypselae (blackish or dark-brown) cylindric to narrowly clavate, ribbed or angled, puberulent to pilose; pappi persistent, usually of awns, bristles, or
14 KB (1,174 words) - 23:30, 29 July 2020
Inflorescences terminal usually on lateral branches, sometimes on primary-stems and shoots, (1–) 4–30 (–50) -flowered, usually panicles, sometimes corymbs
23 KB (1,822 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
with apex rough-awned, awn to 8.3 mm. Perigynia ascending, yellowbrown to dark-brown when mature, distinctly impressed veined, ovoid or obovoid to narrowly
16 KB (695 words) - 02:09, 30 July 2020
without (sometimes with) flower, usually clasping less than all of culm;. Achenes stramineous ripening to dark-brown, biconvex or to 1/3 of achenes greatly
5 KB (705 words) - 01:29, 30 July 2020
margins usually pinnately lobed to dissected, sometimes dentate or entire (sometimes revolute and/or prickly). Heads usually heterogamous (usually radiate)
10 KB (639 words) - 20:03, 29 July 2020
annuals and some perennials); usually sessile; blades linear to oblong, oblanceolate, or spatulate, usually runcinate, margins usually pinnately lobed (spinulose-tipped
15 KB (1,165 words) - 20:25, 29 July 2020
scapose; (usually glaucous), glabrous or pubescent, trichomes usually simple, rarely mixed with fewer, stalked, 2-rayed ones. Stems usually erect or ascending
16 KB (997 words) - 11:59, 30 July 2020
2.5 mm, rarely glabrous; style glabrous. Capsules glabrous. Seeds brown or dark-brown, angled, angled-elongate, or disciform, 1.8–5.4 mm. North America
17 KB (733 words) - 19:07, 29 July 2020
Shrubs or trees, 3-50 m. Bark light to dark gray or gray-brown, smooth or split into ridges or plates. Twigs purplish brown, terete, stout, sparsely to densely
10 KB (556 words) - 08:22, 30 July 2020
258. Plants 5–40 (–70) mm, in dense cushions to loose mats, olivaceous, dark black-green to rusty-redbrown. Leaves broadly oblong-ovate, oblong-lanceolate
25 KB (759 words) - 06:48, 30 July 2020
capsular, globose, 1–7 mm, dehiscence circumscissile. Seeds 5–45, dark-brown to reddish-brown, angled, papillate to alveolate. x = 10, 11. North America, Mexico
7 KB (415 words) - 13:07, 30 July 2020
scapes usually several per stem, filiform, glabrous or hairy, hairs neither swollen nor glandular apically; heads white, gray, gray-brown, or brown, ovoid
10 KB (483 words) - 00:57, 30 July 2020
or absent, light-brown to stramineous, stout, usually equal, equaling achene to slightly exceeding tubercle; stamens 3; anthers dark yellow to stramineous
10 KB (787 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
Capsule erect to inclined or horizontal, exserted, dark red to reddish or purplish brown, to pale-brown, pale-yellow or yellow-orange, oblong-ovoid to oblong-cylindric
10 KB (644 words) - 06:59, 30 July 2020
nomenclatural notes on Atriplex L. (Chenopodiaceae). Taxon 32: 549–556. Brown, G. D. 1956. Taxonomy of American Atriplex. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 55: 199–210
45 KB (1,022 words) - 09:34, 30 July 2020
or dark red, elliptic to ovate or round; styles (2–) 3, erect, distinct; stigmas (2–) 3, capitate. Achenes included or exserted, yellowbrown, brown, or
13 KB (825 words) - 10:07, 30 July 2020
cespitose, dark-brown to reddish-brown or brownish olive when dry, to 4.5 dm, not glaucous. Stems simple, 0.9–2.1 mm wide, glabrous, margins usually entire
7 KB (596 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
lobes 5, deltate to lanceovate (anthers usually dark purple, rarely yellow or light-brown). Ray cypselae usually obcompressed (± 3-angled, abaxial sides
13 KB (911 words) - 23:39, 29 July 2020
fusiform, or obovoid, 1.5–50 × 1.5–20 mm, usually juicy, sometimes slimy or fleshy (dry in C. minima), scales usually absent (or few), spines absent; pulp colorless
25 KB (1,748 words) - 09:25, 30 July 2020
cross-section when young, glabrous. Inflorescences usually paniculate, usually condensed, with 8–20+ spikes, usually more than 15 spikes; proximal bracts filiform
8 KB (517 words) - 01:48, 30 July 2020
proximally dark red, distally red to brown or green, thinly papery, apex usually redbrown, often callose, subtruncate to obtuse, tooth usually present on
10 KB (812 words) - 01:25, 30 July 2020
shrubs, to 35 m; trunks usually several, branching excurrent to deliquescent. Bark of trunks and branches light gray to dark-brown, thin, smooth, close;
14 KB (902 words) - 08:46, 30 July 2020
sterile leaves 3–20 cm, shorter than fertile leaves. Petiole dark-brown proximally, light-brown to green distally, with single longitudinal groove adaxially
9 KB (424 words) - 00:31, 30 July 2020
hairy, hairs to 1.5 mm; style glabrous. Capsules glabrous. Seeds brown to dark-brown, angled, 1.4–4.2 mm. w United States, Mexico Species 8 (4 in the flora)
10 KB (656 words) - 19:10, 29 July 2020
5 mm, usually green, rarely purplish; sepals 5, green, sometimes reddish at tips; petals 5 (absent or 1–5 in M. apetala, M. subapetala), usually white
27 KB (988 words) - 13:15, 30 July 2020
15–30 (–40) m. Bark dark reddish-brown, deeply furrowed and irregularly blocky, not flaking. Leaves deciduous; petiole 0.7–1 cm; blade dark green and glossy
7 KB (560 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
(present in O. diaphanum); costa usually ending near apex; basal laminal cells elongate-linear or rectangular; distal cells usually rounded, almost isodiametric
24 KB (641 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
bracts absent or present when distal leaves much reduced. Pedicels present, usually distinctly longer in fruit than calyces; bracteoles absent. Flowers erect
49 KB (1,607 words) - 18:59, 29 July 2020
Stems: twigs: new growth usually appressed-pubescent, 1-year old usually dull yellowish to greenish brown or gray-brown to light or dark tan; thorns on twigs
13 KB (1,160 words) - 13:44, 30 July 2020
per locule, grayish to yellowish-brown, brown, or dark purplish brown, obovoid or subcuboid, angled or rounded, usually with an erose wing distally, surface
11 KB (875 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
ovoid to ellipsoid or oblong, 3–15 mm, walls unpigmented or brown-streaked to completely brown, traversed internally by trabeculae (internal partitions)
15 KB (1,109 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
than sepals, apex usually emarginate, sometimes truncate; filaments 3–6 mm; anthers 1–2 mm; style 2–6 mm. Nutlets gray or dark-brown, 3–4 mm, tuberculate
7 KB (478 words) - 12:05, 30 July 2020
perianth bristles 2–4 (–5), brown, slender to stout, usually very unequal, rudimentary to equaling achene; stamens 3; anthers brown, 1.5–2 mm; styles 2-fid
9 KB (775 words) - 01:23, 30 July 2020
capsules, dehiscence septicidal and loculicidal. Seeds 2–16, reddish-brown, brown, or cinnamon red, oblong, ellipsoid, ovoid, or globular, rarely prismatic
16 KB (737 words) - 19:04, 29 July 2020
appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs usually facultatively biennial or short-lived perennial, rarely annual; from taproot. Stems usually erect or ascending, rarely
15 KB (1,325 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
tardily turning yellowish-brown to orangish brown, slender to relatively stout, 0.5–2 mm diam.; bark of older branches dark gray; tips mostly strongly
9 KB (742 words) - 13:55, 30 July 2020
loosely cespitose; rhizomes ascending or horizontally spreading, reddish-brown to dark reddish purple, 0–70 mm, slender. Culms 10–45 cm, smooth to scabrous
8 KB (680 words) - 01:22, 30 July 2020
radiatus). Flowers usually lasting for a day; calyx persistent, sometimes accrescent, inflated or not, not spathaceous, primary-veins usually ± straight, rarely
20 KB (1,253 words) - 11:27, 30 July 2020
in 3–5 series, 1-nerved (usually raised; keeled proximally), lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, usually strongly unequal (usually stiff), margins scarious
25 KB (1,511 words) - 21:54, 29 July 2020
(cuplike after dehiscence), 2-beaked (beaks divergent). Seeds dark-brown or reddish-brown, ellipsoid, ovoid, or spheroid, smooth. x = 11. North America
12 KB (856 words) - 12:55, 30 July 2020
filiform to subcapitate. Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 10–100, dark-brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, wings absent. x = 11. w North America, in Asia (China)
8 KB (463 words) - 18:58, 29 July 2020
petals 5, corolla pale-pink to rose-purple or purple, rarely white, throats usually with 2 abaxial yellow lines and red spots within, bilabiate, funnelform
23 KB (952 words) - 19:30, 29 July 2020
color variable but usually pale green or nearly translucent; anthers versatile, color variable, usually purplish, becoming darker, oblong, 0.3–2.6 cm;
37 KB (2,628 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
filaments 2–7 mm; anthers (yellow) 0.4–1.5 mm; style 1.5–4 mm. Nutlets dark-brown or gray, 3–4.5 mm, tuberculate, tubercles straw-colored, platelike, conic
7 KB (436 words) - 12:05, 30 July 2020
pistillate scales pale-brown to reddish-brown, 1.4–3.2 × 0.8–1.7 mm, margins pale, narrow, hyaline; staminate scales reddish-brown, lanceolate to ovate,
8 KB (697 words) - 02:18, 30 July 2020
slightly expanded at apex. Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 8–40, brown to dark-brown, ovoid to ± reniform, wings absent. x = 7. w United States, nw Mexico
8 KB (447 words) - 18:56, 29 July 2020
densely cespitose, very short to long rhizomatous, stoloniferous. Culms red or brown at base, shorter than leaves. Leaves: basal sheaths fibrous; sheath fronts
16 KB (801 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
not rooting at nodes; branchlets reddish-brown or brown, usually not, sometimes weakly, thorn-tipped, usually round, sometimes ± angled in cross-section
6 KB (484 words) - 18:31, 29 July 2020
rarely 6 antrorsely barbed bristles, greatly elongate, essentially straight, usually obscuring most of scales in spikelet, much longer than achene; stamens 1–3;
10 KB (422 words) - 01:32, 30 July 2020
schizocarps, each separating into mericarps. Mericarps 4, white, maroon, brown, grayish brown, or black, reniform, wings present, partial, or absent. x = 3, 5
13 KB (810 words) - 19:03, 29 July 2020
Luther, Gregory K. Brown Etymology: After the Swedish botanist E. Tillands, 1640–1693 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Herbs, usually epiphytic, stemless
9 KB (299 words) - 01:00, 30 July 2020
lance-linear, proximal usually 1–2-pinnatifid, ultimate margins toothed or entire (sometimes bristly-ciliate), (apices of distal leaves usually spine-tipped) faces
9 KB (671 words) - 23:40, 29 July 2020
stigmas capitate, fimbriate, or peltate. Achenes included or exserted, brown to dark-brown or black, not winged, 3-gonous, glabrous. Seeds: embryo straight.
11 KB (761 words) - 10:08, 30 July 2020
vegetative and flowering. Culms usually maroon, or less often brown, tan, or pale green at base. Leaves: basal sheaths usually bladeless, sometimes fibrous;
18 KB (940 words) - 02:10, 30 July 2020
spreading in fruit, 30–80, 3–5 per mm of rachilla, medium brown, sometimes redbrown or dark chestnut-brown, midrib regions often stramineous to green, ovate to
14 KB (1,404 words) - 02:19, 30 July 2020
pink, or shades of purple, 1–1.6 cm. Fruits gray, dark-brown, or nearly black, often mottled with dark-brown or black, with or without 10 pale, diffuse lines
8 KB (718 words) - 09:42, 30 July 2020
or orange to redbrown. Capsule yellowish, orangebrown, reddish, light-brown, or dark red when mature, oblong to ovoid, smooth to striate, often wrinkled
7 KB (581 words) - 07:50, 30 July 2020
turfs, or mats, green, dark green, brownish green, light green or yellow-green, usually darker proximally, often tinged reddish-brown or purple. Stems (0
8 KB (529 words) - 06:59, 30 July 2020
2-fid. Achenes persistent after scales fall, usually lemon yellow or dark yellow, orange, or medium brown, rarely greenish, obpyriform, nearly equilaterally
12 KB (1,095 words) - 01:27, 30 July 2020
sometimes appearing almost circumscissile). Seeds (4–40), reddish purple, dark reddish-brown, or blackish, shiny, ellipsoid to ovoid, nearly smooth or pitted.
14 KB (831 words) - 12:58, 30 July 2020
involute to flat, usually glabrous, sometimes scabridulous abaxially, gray-green, lax to curled at maturity. Inflorescences usually sparingly branched
12 KB (899 words) - 03:54, 30 July 2020
foliaceous. Flowers resupinate, showy; sepals distinct or lateral sepals usually connate proximal to lip forming synsepal; petals entire; lip inflated, slipper
10 KB (452 words) - 05:19, 30 July 2020
Mentioned on page 574, 575. Stems ascending to erect or, rarely, prostrate, usually branched, sometimes simple, unarmed. Leaves: ocrea chartaceous, rarely foliaceous
12 KB (760 words) - 10:11, 30 July 2020
Florets 20–50; corollas golden yellow, 9–18 mm. Cypselae dark to golden reddish or yellowish-brown, fusiform, 3.5–8 mm, tapered distally or beaked, ribs 10–13
8 KB (661 words) - 20:09, 29 July 2020
stalked mucilage hairs in leaf-axils, stalks usually brown. Leaves spiraling around stem in several rows, usually brittle, commonly ending in a distinct apiculus
6 KB (445 words) - 06:44, 30 July 2020
less than 50 cm [rarely longer], usually scaleless throughout. Petioles often dark-colored and wiry, commonly terete, usually less than 2 mm diam., articulate
7 KB (321 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
to ascending). Stems usually yellowish green (usually not branched). Basal leaves: petioles 0–15 cm; blades (3-) or 5-nerved, usually linear or lanceolate
6 KB (639 words) - 23:04, 29 July 2020
filaments 0.5–0.8 mm, anthers 0.5–0.8 mm; style 0.2 mm. Capsules chestnut-brown or dark-brown, infrequently lighter, 3-locular, ellipsoid, (2.5–) 2.9–3.5 (–4) ×
7 KB (441 words) - 01:01, 30 July 2020
forming colonies. Stems subterranean, long to short-creeping; hairs dark reddish-brown, jointed. Leaves clustered or scattered, erect to arching, ovate to
5 KB (273 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
adaxial. Fruits follicles, dehiscence adaxial. Seeds mostly 2–5 per carpel, dark-brown to blackish, ± cylindric to arcuate [globose], outer integuments relatively
7 KB (235 words) - 12:52, 30 July 2020
bilobed, or bifid, often mucronate; lowest lemmas cartilaginous, light to dark-brown, scabridulous distally, 3-veined, unawned, mucronate, or with a single
11 KB (901 words) - 04:43, 30 July 2020
narrow glutinous ridge, apices usually stiffly ascending to spreading, linear-acicular, tapering to spines 7–35 mm; outer usually pinnately spiny, sometimes
12 KB (937 words) - 19:58, 29 July 2020
leaf base usually have red to red-brown walls but clear sap. The leaves are erect-spreading when moist; the setae are red or red-brown (brown in P. salinum)
12 KB (762 words) - 07:37, 30 July 2020
562. Plants in turf or mats, green to yellowbrown distally, light to dark-brown proximally. Stems to 1 (–3) cm, branching occasionally; oval to rounded-triangular
13 KB (907 words) - 07:03, 30 July 2020
2–3 cm; sepals 10–20 × 3–4 mm, proximal ones usually reflexed, usually puberulent, distalmost pair usually largest, ± erect, enclosing banner petal, or
10 KB (698 words) - 12:04, 30 July 2020
578. Plants growing in turf or cushions, light to dark or olive green distally, light to dark-brown basally. Stems to 2.7 cm, branching often; pentagonal
15 KB (1,012 words) - 07:04, 30 July 2020
lengths; placentation axile; styles 2; stigmas 2. Capsules 2-beaked. Seeds dark-brown, prismatic (or angular) and fusiform, minutely tuberculate. x = 7. w United
7 KB (464 words) - 12:58, 30 July 2020
stipitate-glandular basally; ovary similar in color to foliage. Capsules beige to dark-brown, ± globose, 6.2–8.1 mm; pedicel erect to ascending. Seeds globose to obconic
6 KB (544 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
be mature, are usually much paler than ripe achenes; lengths of achenes include beak; lengths of scales include awn; spikelets usually elongate during
18 KB (736 words) - 01:57, 30 July 2020
Association Shrubs or trees to 30 m. Bark brown, furrowed. Leaves in whorls of 3 (sometimes 4 or 5 when juvenile), usually glaucous, juvenile leaves 7–8 mm, mature
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6 (–1.8) mm, usually without flat margins around achene, usually glabrous, margins often ciliate-setose distally; beak 0.5–1.5 mm, tip dark purple, often
7 KB (593 words) - 02:12, 30 July 2020
basally; petals (3–) 5 (–6) or 0, distinct, white; nectary extrastaminal, usually 5 glands; stamens 3–35 [–50], inflexed in bud, distinct; pistillode absent
24 KB (874 words) - 18:18, 29 July 2020
53, 68, 486, 488. Perennials [annuals, subshrubs], 5–150 cm (usually rhizomatous; usually aromatic). Stems 1 or 2–5+, erect or prostrate to ascending,
8 KB (556 words) - 20:43, 29 July 2020
ovoid to ± spherical, 4–7 mm, puberulent. Seeds light to dark-brown or mottled gray and brown, 2–3.1 mm. 2n = 12. Generated Map Legacy Map B.C., Ariz.
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(sometimes minute, hidden by surrounding disc). Seeds 3–ca. 30, brownish or dark-brown to black, reniform, papillose, rugose, or smooth; not arillate; endosperm
14 KB (751 words) - 12:05, 30 July 2020
mirus) (± deliquescent). Cypselae dark to pale-brown, stramineous, whitish, bodies ± fusiform to cylindric, usually beaked, beaks concolorous with, or
10 KB (669 words) - 20:18, 29 July 2020
obliquely funnel-shaped to cylindric; stamens usually unilateral; anthers usually parallel; style usually arching over stamens, dividing into 3 filiform
8 KB (531 words) - 06:10, 30 July 2020
splitting, mostly proximally dark red, distally red to brown or green, thinly papery to thickly membranous, apex usually redbrown, subtruncate to obtuse
9 KB (749 words) - 01:25, 30 July 2020
staminate spikes 3.1–15.5 × 1–2.5 mm. Scales: pistillate scales pale-brown to dark reddish-brown, often with broad white margins, ovate to lanceolate, 2.5–4.8
8 KB (669 words) - 01:22, 30 July 2020
nonflowering plants), basal, ± petiolate; blade green or mottled with purple, brown, or white, lanceolate to ovate (wider if solitary), flat to folded, 6–60
18 KB (1,049 words) - 05:39, 30 July 2020
ellipsoid, 2.5–10 mm, sometimes muriculate, glabrous or puberulent. Seeds brown to dark-brown or purplish black, 1.5–2.5 mm. Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C
9 KB (670 words) - 11:17, 30 July 2020
FNA Volume 23. Plants densely cespitose, short-rhizomatous. Culms brown to dark-brown at base, not more than 1 mm wide distally. Leaves: basal sheaths not
9 KB (543 words) - 01:48, 30 July 2020
uniformly brown or bicolored with dark central stripe and pale-brown margins, ovate to narrowly lanceolate. Leaves 9–35 × 1–8 cm. Petiole usually reddish-brown
9 KB (684 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
short-rhizomatous. Culms brown at base. Leaves: basal sheaths not fibrous; sheath fronts membranous; blades sparsely septate-nodulose, usually V-shaped in cross-section
10 KB (625 words) - 02:18, 30 July 2020
mm, wall thin or slightly fleshy, irregularly rugose. Seeds dark reddish-brown to dark-brown, 0.7–1 mm diam., shiny. Phenology: Flowering late spring–fall
6 KB (486 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
Inflorescences dense, dark-brown, 1.5–3 cm × 14–20 mm; proximal internode 1.5–3 mm; 2d internode 1–3.5 mm; proximal bracts scalelike, usually bristlelike, shorter
7 KB (645 words) - 01:56, 30 July 2020
Fruit aggregates collectively 2.5-4 cm diam., usually with 10-15 pistils at maturity. Seeds pale-brown. 2n = 26. Phenology: Flowering midspring–early
4 KB (443 words) - 08:24, 30 July 2020
cream to dark red anthers, filaments of distal set shorter with yellow or yellow-cream anthers; anthers 2-pored; ovary usually pubescent; style usually surpassing
7 KB (550 words) - 11:38, 30 July 2020
pink, purple, violet, or blue (sometimes dark abaxially), laminae 4-veined, 3-toothed. Disc-florets usually bisexual and fertile, sometimes functionally
7 KB (455 words) - 20:04, 29 July 2020
capsular, 3-locular, thin-walled, subglobose or ± oblate. Seeds numerous, dark-brown to black, flat, D-shaped, obliquely winged, lustrous. x = 6. se to sc
7 KB (422 words) - 05:55, 30 July 2020
erect, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes; branchlets green to brown or reddish-brown, flexible to rigid, strigillose or tomentulose. Leaves not fascicled
7 KB (503 words) - 18:29, 29 July 2020
637. Shrubs or trees, 30–70 dm. Stems: 2-year old twigs shiny, dark or reddish-brown; thorns on twigs stout to ± slender. Leaves: petiole eglandular or
8 KB (880 words) - 14:37, 30 July 2020
fertile culm, 7–22 cm × 2–4 mm. Inflorescences erect, usually dense, green, gold, or dark-brown, 1.8–3 cm8–14 mm; proximal internode 2–3 (–5) mm; 2d internode
8 KB (702 words) - 01:57, 30 July 2020
cm wide, margins typically armed with minute teeth, apical spine dark brown or brown to grayish, 2.5–4.5 cm; flowers 5.5–8 cm; wc Florida, s Texas. > 16
24 KB (1,110 words) - 06:12, 30 July 2020
cuneate, margins usually entire, usually plane, slightly undulate, or crispate, rarely undulate-erose, apex acute, obtuse, or emarginate, usually mucronulate
32 KB (1,366 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
trunks usually bearing compound thorns; twigs: new growth reddish green, glabrous, 1-year old dark, shiny redbrown, 2–3-years old becoming dark gray, older
10 KB (939 words) - 14:37, 30 July 2020
Stems usually 1, erect or ascending, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves mostly cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 1–3-pinnately
9 KB (609 words) - 23:26, 29 July 2020
Plants on rock, occasionally terrestrial or epiphytic. Stems creeping, usually branched, 3–15 mm diam., sometimes whitish pruinose; scales concolored to
13 KB (793 words) - 00:23, 30 July 2020
straw-colored distally, 7–60 cm, base dark redbrown or black, swollen, with 2 rows of teeth; scales light to dark-brown, linear to ovatelanceolate, 7–20 ×
7 KB (503 words) - 00:27, 30 July 2020
Capsule pendent, yellowish-brown, ovate, 2–2.5 mm; operculum conic-apiculate; exostome dark-brown; endostome yellowish-brown. Spores 31–40 µm. North America
8 KB (434 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
(–10) cm, in tufts or mats. Stems reddish-brown to black, erect, branched distally, dendroid; rhizoids brown, macronemata matted proximally, occasionally
7 KB (421 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
[mat-forming], usually not glaucous, usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent or glabrate. Leaves basal and/or cauline, sometimes rosulate; usually alternate,
19 KB (903 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate; scales at base of petioles dark brown or with dark brown stripe. > 12 11 Basal pinnae deltate; blades lanceolate with
12 KB (674 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
entire. Leaves monomorphic, crowded, narrowed toward tip, to 90 cm. Petiole dark-brown to black, round in cross-section except for narrow lateral ridge decurrent
7 KB (407 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
translucent to brown, lax, singular [in bundles] without branches, emerging at stem branch points; root hairs to 1 cm, emerging from root cap. Stems usually not green
7 KB (381 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
glabrous or ± tomentose or villous, often unevenly glabrescent). Stems usually 1, usually erect. Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile;
9 KB (611 words) - 21:21, 29 July 2020
perianth, light to dark-brown, ovate, (2–) 3-gonous, 1.2–4.2 mm, faces subequal or unequal, apex not beaked, edges slightly concave, dull, usually coarsely striate-tubercled
13 KB (1,114 words) - 10:09, 30 July 2020
floral scales appressed in fruit, 20–60, 5–6 per mm of rachilla, medium to dark-brown, midrib region often paler, ovate, 1.5–2.5 × 1 mm, apex rounded (to acute)
14 KB (1,270 words) - 01:27, 30 July 2020
large as primary teeth, apex usually abruptly nearly caudate, but sometimes long, gradually tapered; surfaces abaxially usually moderately pubescent, especially
7 KB (726 words) - 08:39, 30 July 2020
commonly branching to form clumps, fleshy, with brown scalelike [or green] leaves; flowering-stems from axils of brown scale-leaves on stout rootstock partly above
8 KB (450 words) - 13:00, 30 July 2020
tepals chestnut-brown or paler, lanceolate, (2.5–) 3.3–5.5 (–6) mm, margins clear; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity; usually slightly shorter
7 KB (518 words) - 01:01, 30 July 2020
light-brown to gray-green (woody, somewhat pliable, leafy), persistently canescent to glabrescent. Leaves deciduous, whitish gray or green to dark gray-green;
6 KB (542 words) - 20:47, 29 July 2020
mucronate, or short-awned. When present the perianth is usually persistent, rarely caducous, white or brown; bristles are vestigial or to 8 mm, shorter to much
17 KB (757 words) - 01:31, 30 July 2020
proximally; stigmas 2–3, capitate. Achenes included or exserted, brown to dark-brown, unwinged, 3-gonous, glabrous. Seeds: embryo curved. x = 11, 12. Arctic
9 KB (606 words) - 10:12, 30 July 2020
in simple, linear or oblong fleshy sporophore tip, tip usually ± apiculate. Gametophytes brown to white, narrowly linear, unbranched, 2-20 × 1-3mm diam
9 KB (450 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
and perichaetia at the base; the setae are twisted; the capsules are dark brown to dark red and sometimes wrinkled; and the exostome teeth are bordered and
10 KB (548 words) - 07:52, 30 July 2020
faces usually scabrellous to villous (hairs simple or jointed), rarely glabrous, usually notably glanddotted (except in 10. G. suavis). Heads usually radiate
12 KB (725 words) - 22:34, 29 July 2020
361, 365, 367, 371. Herbs, perennial, cespitose, pale to olive green or dark-brown to bronze when dry, to 5 dm, not glaucous; rhizomes scarcely discernable
7 KB (654 words) - 06:05, 30 July 2020
green or bluish green, (dark-brown to black after drying in subsp. prolificum), heterophyllous or homophyllous. Stems erect, usually profusely branched in
9 KB (874 words) - 10:08, 30 July 2020
sometimes variable in size and color, lenticular; seed-coat black or brown, shiny, usually finely reticulate (seen at 40× magnification), sometimes smooth.
7 KB (536 words) - 09:40, 30 July 2020
urceolate to campanulate or salverform, petals usually convolute and imbricate; staminate flowers usually smaller than pistillate flowers; stamens [6–]
9 KB (562 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
reddish-brown or dark-brown and glabrous or slightly puberulous; flowering shoots becoming spurs or spiny thorns, 10–60 mm. Buds reddish-brown, ovoid,
13 KB (882 words) - 14:33, 30 July 2020
globose, 1–1.7 × 0.8–1.7 cm; outer coats enclosing 1 or more bulbs, reddish-brown, membranous, lacking cellular reticulation or cells arranged in only 2–3
8 KB (543 words) - 05:51, 30 July 2020
3-locular; ovules 2 per carpel; disc glabrous; style 5–6 mm. Drupes dark orange to brown, cylindric-ellipsoid, 10–14 mm, glabrous. Seeds ovoid. 2n = 28. Phenology:
9 KB (737 words) - 13:08, 30 July 2020
aging blackish. Spines (0–) 1–6 (–12) per areole, white to yellow, usually red to dark-brown at extreme bases, aging gray to ± black, subulate, straight to
8 KB (809 words) - 09:17, 30 July 2020
scapose, not rhizomatous. Roots diffuse, very fine. Culms stiff or flaccid, usually terete, ribbed. Leaves basal, polystichous, spreading to ascending; sheaths
10 KB (485 words) - 01:32, 30 July 2020
Stems green, bluish green, or purplish (usually glaucous). Leaves often bluish green, glaucous; basal (usually persistent to flowering) petiolate or sessile;
12 KB (678 words) - 23:55, 29 July 2020
scarious, falling from top of capsule; petals ephemeral, 5–7, usually distinct, margins usually entire; stamens (4–) 6–40 (–100); ovary half-inferior to inferior
12 KB (398 words) - 09:12, 30 July 2020
overlapping. Achenes in shallow pits or partially embedded, reddish-brown to dark-brown, 1.4–2 mm; bractlets and sepals clasping; torus not easily separated
5 KB (571 words) - 14:09, 30 July 2020
Trees and shrubs; trunks 1–many. Bark when young dark reddish-brown, in maturity light reddish-brown to tan or brownish or grayish white, smooth, rather
6 KB (651 words) - 08:39, 30 July 2020
leaves are erect or erect-spreading, usually more crowded toward stem apices, more or less contorted when dry, and usually spreading when moist. The perigonia
8 KB (478 words) - 07:34, 30 July 2020
Inflorescences usually axillary, less commonly axillary and terminal; cymes 1–7 (–10) -flowered. Pedicels erect to spreading, 0.5–7 mm. Flowers usually closed
13 KB (1,076 words) - 10:08, 30 July 2020
Seeds usually dimorphic, rarely monomorphic, those with relatively smooth surfaces light-brown, 1.4–2.1 × 0.5–0.7 mm, those of lower portion dark-brown
10 KB (758 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
horizontal, rhizoids usually restricted to stolons. Stolon leaves scalelike, 0.2–1.3 mm; apex short-acute or long-acuminate; usually ecostate. Stipe leaves
14 KB (540 words) - 07:55, 30 July 2020
staminate base. Pistillate scales dark-brown, usually with pale or green midstripe, ovate, 1.5–2.5 (–3.5) mm, usually shorter, narrower than perigynia,
7 KB (673 words) - 01:54, 30 July 2020
absent or sometimes present. Seeds 1–25, reddish-brown to brown or black (or rarely yellowish or purplish brown), spherical or suborbiculate to reniform or
25 KB (1,236 words) - 10:19, 30 July 2020
stamens 3–8. Achenes enclosed in perianth, light yellow, light-brown, or greenish brown to dark-brown, ovate to lanceolate, 1.3–2.5 mm, faces subequal, shiny
9 KB (819 words) - 10:09, 30 July 2020
constricted between seeds (usually breaking), strongly ribbed, beak narrowly conical; style 10–50 mm. Seeds (reddish-brown or dark-brown to black), oblong or
8 KB (808 words) - 12:21, 30 July 2020
intergradation of morphology. The red-brown exostome in Climacium is incurved when dry in contrast to the erect, yellow-brown segments of the endostome. None
10 KB (458 words) - 07:51, 30 July 2020
or indistinct, usually ovoid, (4.5–) 6–10 × (2–) 4–6 mm, base usually acute, apex rounded to acute. Pistillate scales gold to dark-brown, with whitish to
7 KB (675 words) - 01:54, 30 July 2020
cells on abaxial surface inconspicuous or conspicuous, pale yellowish-brown or dark-brown. Racemes nodding, elongating in fruit. Flowers opening at sunrise;
8 KB (704 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
maroon to dark purple, transversely rugose; stigma enlarged, diam. usually 2+ times style. Capsules light-brown, often reddish-brown apically, valvate, ovoid
8 KB (695 words) - 13:06, 30 July 2020
2–4 mm diam. Seeds numerous, in 2 rows per locule, brown to dark-brown, often flecked with darker spots, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, surface reticulate
8 KB (959 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
page 316. Mentioned on page 57, 317, 318. Herbs perennial, scapose, from brown, tunicate, ovoid bulbs, with or without offsets (bulblets). Leaves (1–) 2–7
7 KB (392 words) - 06:00, 30 July 2020
3; anthers dark yellow to stramineous, 1.5–2.2 mm; styles 2-fid, very rarely some 3-fid. Achenes not persistent, stramineous or dark-brown, biconvex, angles
16 KB (1,681 words) - 02:17, 30 July 2020
page 453. Plants 5–70 cm. Stems erect, green, tan, or reddish to dark-brown, usually glabrous or villous, rarely tomentose. Leaves: basal withering by
5 KB (495 words) - 20:58, 29 July 2020
length of styles. Capsules pale to dark-brown, obovoid to subglobose, usually shorter than tepals. Seeds dark-brown, globose, 1.2–1.6 mm; caruncle 0.5–0
6 KB (494 words) - 00:55, 30 July 2020
glabrous. Seeds dark-brown, 6 mm. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowering spring–summer. Habitat: Thickets, woodland margins, roadsides, usually rich soils. Elevation:
3 KB (361 words) - 18:31, 29 July 2020
stamens 5. Utricles light-brown, elliptic, 3 mm, equaling tepals, walls somewhat fleshy, smooth, indehiscent. Seeds dark-brown, 1.2–1.7 mm diam., shiny
6 KB (492 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
florets 2–5; corolla lobes mostly 4, equal or unequal. Cypselae light to dark-brown, monomorphic: terete to obcompressed, ± obovoid, ± straight, not gibbous
10 KB (742 words) - 20:40, 29 July 2020
substratum, dark to dull green; protonema producing funnel-like flaps (rarely discernible in most specimens). Stems short, erect, usually simple, 0.5–2
8 KB (368 words) - 06:46, 30 July 2020
golden to blackish green distally, brown to blackish brown proximally, sometimes brown, blackish brown to jet throughout. Stems 1–7 (–10) cm tall. Leaves
9 KB (991 words) - 06:52, 30 July 2020
trees, annual or perennial, terrestrial (P. fluitans floating aquatic), usually monoecious, sometimes dioecious, glabrous or hairy, hairs simple [branched];
16 KB (864 words) - 18:14, 29 July 2020
lemmas, if present, hyaline, unawned; anthers 1-2, yellow to brown; stigmas elongate, purple to brown; styles connate or free. Pedicels not fused to the branch
7 KB (843 words) - 04:22, 30 July 2020
Culms 8-180 (220) cm, usually erect to ascending, sometimes strongly decumbent to prostrate, usually glabrous. Leaves usually evenly distributed, sometimes
45 KB (3,070 words) - 03:00, 30 July 2020
involucre; perianth white to purple-pink, 0.7–1.1 cm. Fruits olive brown or dark olive brown, narrowly obovate and tapering at both ends to obovoid, 3.1–5.5
10 KB (749 words) - 09:11, 30 July 2020
branches, cleistogamous flowers are usually borne close to the main stem. Fruits from cleistogamous flowers are usually smaller and have fewer seeds than
11 KB (634 words) - 19:01, 29 July 2020
Capsules (tardily dehiscent), usually inflated, (valves sometimes 3), 20–30 × 6–12 mm, smooth. Seeds 5–25, dark-brown, obovoid, 6–7 × 5–6 mm, smooth.
6 KB (512 words) - 12:06, 30 July 2020
lanceolate-oblong, or ovate, 2–3 mm; anthers 0.5 mm. Pseudodrupes dark to light-brown, sometimes red-tinged, not glaucous, subglobose to globose, 4–6 mm
6 KB (522 words) - 18:34, 29 July 2020
(bark becoming dark-brown to gray, flaky to fibrous when older; twigs, mostly ascending, whitish tan to purplish, mostly 1–4 cm), usually hairy, often stipitate-glandular
8 KB (580 words) - 21:44, 29 July 2020
with farina-producing glands. Spores tan with dark-brown ridges, tetrahedral-globose, perispore usually reticulate, with equatorial flange (except in Pityrogramma
7 KB (433 words) - 00:31, 30 July 2020
Capsules glabrous or sparsely glandular-pubescent distally. Seeds brown to dark-brown or black, angled, rarely ± rounded, 1–4 mm. w United States, n Mexico
16 KB (905 words) - 19:18, 29 July 2020
Mentioned on page 52, 55. Shrubs, 0.5–5 m. Stems red to gray or brown, glabrous or hairy. Leaves usually persistent, rarely deciduous; petiole 3–10 mm; blade bright
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[filamentous]; ± radiculose; axillary hairs of 2–several cells, basal-cell small, brown, distal cell elongate, hyaline. Secondary stems spreading, suberect, frondose
11 KB (442 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stem scales brown. Leaves 5–25 cm. Petiole dark-brown, 0.75–1.5 mm diam. Blade deltate, 4–6-pinnate proximally
5 KB (438 words) - 00:25, 30 July 2020
centrally dark greenish or brownish, oblong to narrowly triangular or broadly triangular, unequal, scarious margins pale to dark-brown or blackish brown, 0.2–1
6 KB (527 words) - 20:53, 29 July 2020
trunk bark dark gray, scaling; freshly exposed bark gray; twigs: new growth glabrous or rufous-tomentose, 1-year old dark chestnut-brown to dark gray, older
10 KB (865 words) - 14:40, 30 July 2020
well developed or occasionally reduced, guide cells usually present; proximal laminal cells usually rectangular, walls thin; distal medial cells elongate-hexagonal
15 KB (690 words) - 07:39, 30 July 2020
annual, prostrate to erect, green to dark red, 0.5–8 (–10) dm, glaucous. Stems decumbent to erect, green to dark red, usually striped, simple or branched; branches
8 KB (843 words) - 09:40, 30 July 2020
slightly, dark reddish-brown, maroon, purple, or white, sometimes pale-yellow, major adaxial veins prominent and appearing somewhat engraved, usually flat,
10 KB (725 words) - 06:14, 30 July 2020
glabrous [hairy]; anthers rotund-ovate to spheric. Drupes usually blue, sometimes orange to brown [white], crowned by persistent calyx; endocarp 1 [–5] -celled
6 KB (364 words) - 13:08, 30 July 2020
with brownish purple stripes and white hairs (becoming brown with age); distal portion of sepal usually spreading at anthesis, sometimes reflexed or nearly
5 KB (435 words) - 08:39, 30 July 2020
5–10 mm, glabrous; sepals 6–10 mm, apex long-acuminate; petals usually reddish purple to dark purple, narrowly lanceolate, unlobed, 7–12 (–14) mm, apex long-tapered;
5 KB (486 words) - 12:58, 30 July 2020
appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 311. Plants medium to large, usually dark green or black with distal portions green. Stems elongate, rarely short
10 KB (398 words) - 06:52, 30 July 2020
densely cespitose, short-rhizomatous; rhizomes dark-brown, stout, sometimes inconspicuous. Culms brown at base. Leaves: basal sheaths not fibrous; sheath
5 KB (379 words) - 02:19, 30 July 2020
Volume 3. Trees or shrubs, spindly, to 15 m; crowns variable. Bark dark-brown or gray brown, smooth, shallowly furrowed, sometimes sometimes appearing warty
7 KB (407 words) - 08:42, 30 July 2020
scales spreading in fruit, 20–60, 6 per mm of rachilla, medium brown to very dark-brown, sometimes stramineous or colorless, midrib region often paler
12 KB (1,007 words) - 01:27, 30 July 2020
spreading valves; carpophore absent. Seeds 3–15, reddish-brown to dark reddish or yellowish-brown, narrowly to broadly obovate, laterally compressed, smooth
10 KB (561 words) - 10:21, 30 July 2020
adnate to valves proximally; columella persistent. Seeds 10–20 [–40], dark-brown, ovoid, asymmetric, rough, apical wing prominent. x = 15 or 18. North
8 KB (619 words) - 13:08, 30 July 2020
distinct, broadly ovate, unequal to subequal, margins and apices (pale to dark-brown or black) narrowly to widely scarious (abaxial faces glabrous). Receptacles
10 KB (898 words) - 20:53, 29 July 2020
532, 533, 534, 536, 548. Plants usually loosely cespitose; rhizomes spreading to erect, purplish brown to reddish-brown, 0–10 mm, slender. Culms arching
8 KB (680 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
the branch axes, elliptic to obovate to ovate to orbicular, stramineous or brown. Lower glumes absent; upper glumes and lower lemmas glabrous or shortly glandular-pubescent
9 KB (967 words) - 04:19, 30 July 2020
bracts 5, usually more than 50% connate, apex acute to obtuse or ovate. Flowers 6 per involucre; perianth magenta, funnelform, 2.5–6 cm. Fruits brown to black
7 KB (685 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
stigmas much exceeding styles. Capsules dark-brown, ovoid, ± equaling to shorter than tepals. Seeds dark-brown, (with tuft of fine tangled hairs), ellipsoid
7 KB (540 words) - 00:55, 30 July 2020
2–5-flowered [–many-flowered]; bracts pale to light-brown, irregularly streaked with dark-brown, unequal, outer usually exceeding inner, scarious, acute or 3-cuspidate
5 KB (372 words) - 06:10, 30 July 2020
Plants loosely cespitose; rhizomes arching to ascending, dark reddish-brown to purplish brown, 0–12 mm, slender or stout. Culms 7–47 cm, scabrous distally;
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dorsiventrally flattened, linear or elliptic, not petaloid, inner filiform, usually unlobed, rarely distally 2-lobed; ovules (and seeds) oriented parallel to
16 KB (899 words) - 18:19, 29 July 2020
(often stout, light to dark-brown), sparsely to densely scabroso-hirsute to cinereo-puberulent, or villous distally. Leaves (light to dark green) thick and often
12 KB (899 words) - 21:01, 29 July 2020
147, 179, 651, 659. Plants small, in open to dense turfs or dense cushions, dark green to golden. Stems 0.5–2 cm, rosulate or sometimes gemmiform, sparsely
10 KB (725 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
0.4 mm thick, 4–5-ribbed, glabrous; mature heads dark-brown or reddish-brown, nearly globose, usually short cylindric by seeding time, 3–4 mm; receptacle
8 KB (613 words) - 00:51, 30 July 2020
Cryophytum N. E. Brown Gasoul Adanson Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 84. Mentioned on page 76, 77. Herbs, annual or perennial, usually short-lived
8 KB (390 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
thorns on twigs few to numerous, straight to recurved, 2-years old dark blackish brown, shiny, ± stout, sometimes slender, 2–6 cm. Leaves: petiole length
12 KB (1,001 words) - 14:41, 30 July 2020
dm. Stems 1–20, branched distally; bark silvery to dark gray or brownish black, often maroon-brown when young, smooth, roughened in older stems; long-shoots
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646, 647. Plants medium-sized, in thin to dense mats, light to yellowish or dark green, somewhat glossy to glossy. Stems creeping to ascending or erect, simple
10 KB (626 words) - 07:51, 30 July 2020
scales very dark-brown throughout, narrowly deltate, 1–3 × 0.1–0.25 mm, margins with widely spaced teeth. Leaves monomorphic. Petiole reddish-brown proximally
8 KB (653 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
to 50m; trunk to 2m diam., usually (when forest grown) branch-free over most of height; crown short, conic. Bark reddish-brown, scaly, with deep furrows
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maturity walls thin, almost smooth or indistinctly rugose. Seeds dark reddish-brown to brown, 1–1.2 mm diam., shiny. Phenology: Flowering summer–fall, occasionally
8 KB (602 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
cormoid, branched, woody caudices. Stems 1–5+, ascending to erect (grayish brown to brown), moderately to densely hairy. Leaves (light grayish green) firm, margins
13 KB (856 words) - 21:03, 29 July 2020
irregularly dehiscent, or dehiscence regularly circumscissile. Seeds dark reddish-brown to dark-brown, 0.7–1 mm diam., shiny. Phenology: Flowering summer–fall. Habitat:
10 KB (809 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
rounded, surfaces with silvery scales and stellate hairs (scales sometimes brown abaxially in E. commutata and E. multiflora, sometimes glabrous adaxially
8 KB (421 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
America Association Plants 1–2 (–4) cm. Stems reddish-brown or dark red. Leaves pale to dark green, usually contorted and spirally twisted when dry, obovate
7 KB (512 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
branched; scales dark reddish-brown, narrowly deltate, 3–5 × 0.3–0.5 mm, margins entire. Leaves monomorphic. Petiole dark reddish-brown at base, fading
7 KB (504 words) - 00:30, 30 July 2020
Fruits capsules, dehiscence septicidal. Seeds ca. 50, tan to light-brown, darker towards center, globular to ovoid, wings present. x = 14. c, e North
11 KB (814 words) - 19:03, 29 July 2020
unbranched, usually ovoid, rarely spheric. Leaves 1 (–3). Inflorescences diffuse, 1–5 (–10) -flowered; bracts scalelike; peduncle brown, drying light-brown or gray
5 KB (545 words) - 12:58, 30 July 2020
Spines 6–32 per areole, yellow, brown, or reddish to salmon with color hidden by very thin, light gray layer, usually large and coarse, annulate-ridged
14 KB (948 words) - 09:26, 30 July 2020
staminate 4–6.5 mm; pistillate 5.5–8 mm. Phyllaries distally usually black, light-brown, dark-brown, or olivaceous, sometimes. Corollas: staminate 2.5–3 mm;
7 KB (694 words) - 20:34, 29 July 2020
light-brown to brown, obovoid to subglobose, 1.5–2 mm, shorter than tepals, walls thin, smooth or indistinctly rugose. Seeds dark reddish-brown to nearly
7 KB (524 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
basally; ovary similar in color to foliage. Capsules beige to light or dark-brown, occasionally with purple blotches on apex, ± globose to pyriform, 3–6
7 KB (543 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
unilateral; anthers usually parallel; style arching over filaments, dividing into 3 filiform branches. Capsules irregularly globose, usually rugose. Seeds several
6 KB (407 words) - 06:10, 30 July 2020
petals deep lemon-yellow adaxially, upper 2 red to purple-brown abaxially, lower 3 dark brown-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 5–12 mm, spur color same
8 KB (634 words) - 11:18, 30 July 2020
(–5) per fertile culm, 3–16 cm × 1.5–4 mm. Inflorescences dense, dark-brown, green and brown, or gold, 1.1–2.1 cm × 13–18 mm; proximal internode 1–2.5 (–3
8 KB (687 words) - 01:56, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Bark dark reddish-brown [brown, or gray], smooth with small wartlike lenticels. Leaves alternate
5 KB (254 words) - 08:35, 30 July 2020
pilose. Spikelets 1.4-2.4 mm long, 0.5-0.7 mm wide, usually green, glabrous. Lower glumes 0.5-0.9 mm, usually less than 1/2 as long as the spikelets, 3-4-veined
10 KB (1,265 words) - 04:06, 30 July 2020
tufts of erect hairs present in axils of secondary-veins, adaxial surface dark green, appressed-hairy; secondary-veins 5–7 per side, most arising from proximal
8 KB (614 words) - 18:33, 29 July 2020
Utricles at least partly enclosed by hypanthium, opening irregularly. Seeds dark-brown or black, ovoid to lenticular, slightly laterally compressed, shiny, smooth
9 KB (589 words) - 10:49, 30 July 2020
page 341, 342, 350, 379, 434, 475, 648. Plants small, in mats, pale green, dark green, or brownish. Stems freely branched to subpinnate; paraphyllia few
9 KB (517 words) - 07:45, 30 July 2020
not beyond anthers. Capsules 25–50 mm, usually wider distally; pedicel 0–10 mm. Seeds brown or mottled with dark spots, 1.5–2 mm, scaly, crest 0.1 mm. w
6 KB (700 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
purple-brown, 2-years old dark reddish and gray, mid brown, or gray; thorns on twigs usually numerous, ± straight to recurved, 1-year old shiny, dark redbrown
11 KB (492 words) - 13:47, 30 July 2020
or 3-pinnate); axillary hair cells hyaline, 3–4 (–12), basal-cell usually small, brown. Leaves spirally inserted, crowded, isophyllous [often dorsiventrally
9 KB (401 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
green [magenta]. Capsules brown, 1.5–6 × 2–4.5 cm, warty, becoming papery. Seeds 5–25 [–75] per capsule, medium to dark-brown or black, 4–10 × 4–8 mm. Tropical
9 KB (865 words) - 01:00, 30 July 2020
around achene, glossy metallic sheen; beak white, golden brown, redbrown, brown, or dark-brown, usually white-hyaline at tip, cylindric, unwinged, ± entire
10 KB (765 words) - 01:56, 30 July 2020
adaxially, upper 2 dark-brown to ± black abaxially, lower 3 dark brown-veined, lateral 2 bearded, lowest 8–21 mm, spur dark greenish to dark-brown, gibbous, 1
8 KB (633 words) - 11:17, 30 July 2020
pale to dark-brown) scarious (tips not notably dilated; abaxial faces glabrous or sparsely hairy). Receptacles convex, epaleate. Ray-florets usually 13–34+
8 KB (520 words) - 20:54, 29 July 2020
lanceolate, oblanceolate, or elliptic, flat or semiterete to terete, base usually narrowed, margins entire, apex blunt or rounded to acute or apiculate. Inflorescences
12 KB (865 words) - 09:39, 30 July 2020
0.4 mm. Capsules chestnut-brown or brown, 3-locular, widely ellipsoid, (2.2–) 2.5–3.2 (–3.5) × 1.3–1.9 mm. Seeds dark-brown, ellipsoid to lunate, 0.485–0
7 KB (468 words) - 00:53, 30 July 2020
to circular pore at base of styles. Seeds 10–40 per locule, light-brown to dark-brown, fusiform or ellipsoid. x = 18. United States, Mexico, Central America
12 KB (723 words) - 18:14, 29 July 2020
yellow or brown. Capsule 1–3 mm, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, strumose, strongly furrowed when dry, somewhat contracted below mouth, dark-brown to reddish-brown;
10 KB (833 words) - 06:57, 30 July 2020
(sometimes aromatic). Stems usually 1, erect or prostrate to decumbent or ascending (sometimes rooting at nodes), usually branched, glabrous or ± strigillose
7 KB (551 words) - 20:52, 29 July 2020
old pale to mid, sometimes dark, brown, older gray; thorns on twigs few to numerous, ± straight, 2-years old ± shiny, dark-brown to black, ± stout to ± slender
10 KB (873 words) - 13:45, 30 July 2020
persistent, medium brown, to 1/2 achene length; anthers yellow, very rarely orange, 2–4 mm; styles 2–3-fid. Achenes medium to dark-brown, rarely yellowish
11 KB (1,024 words) - 01:52, 30 July 2020
bicolored, lanceolate, contorted distally, bases and margins light-brown, sometimes with dark central stripe, margins often coarsely dentate. Leaves to 30 cm
6 KB (453 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
becoming reddish-brown and scaly, inner layer red-purple. Branches horizontal or slightly ascending; twigs orangebrown, glabrous. Buds dark red, subtended
7 KB (631 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
with dark tips (rarely all white or all brown), translucent or opaque, 0.3 mm diam. beyond bulbous basal portion; central spines black or dark-brown, 6–25
6 KB (884 words) - 09:26, 30 July 2020
aggregate, 2–6 cm; primary bract or distal leaves usually exceeding inflorescences. Flowers: tepals usually brown, ovate-oblong, 3–4 mm, margins scarious; inner
5 KB (382 words) - 00:57, 30 July 2020
marginal; styles 2; stigmas 2. Capsules folliclelike, 2-beaked. Seeds dark-brown, prismatic or angular, cellular-rugulose. x = 17. w United States Peltiphyllum
7 KB (440 words) - 12:55, 30 July 2020
denticles conspicuous, usually strongly raised on broad base of green tissue; 1st leaves of plumule simple. Achene dark green or reddish-brown, body (excluding
6 KB (531 words) - 08:28, 30 July 2020
some scales in spikelet usually strongly contorted, 0.5–2 mm (often broken off). Flowers: perianth members (4–) 6 (–8), brown, bristlelike, equaling achene
9 KB (864 words) - 01:58, 30 July 2020
leaves membranous, hyaline, acute, usually with hyaline awns. Seta dark red to reddish-brown, 5–25 mm. Capsule brown, narrowly ellipsoid to cylindric, 1
10 KB (675 words) - 06:52, 30 July 2020
green, glabrous; basal usually present at flowering, sessile or petiolate; principal cauline well distributed, proximal usually winged-petiolate, mid sessile
11 KB (785 words) - 20:49, 29 July 2020
Sporangia intramarginal, sori usually continuous except at pinna or segment apex and sinuses, paraphyses present. Spores brown, trilete, tetrahedral, rugate
8 KB (450 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
glanddotted). Disc-florets 60+; corollas 5–7 mm, lobes yellow; anthers dark-brown to black, appendages yellow. Cypselae 3–5 mm, glabrate; pappi of 2 aristate
7 KB (642 words) - 23:19, 29 July 2020
(often with purple or purplish brown areas), glabrous or glabrate, sometimes strigillose in leaf-axils. Leaves thin (green to dark green), margins often strigilloso-ciliolate
14 KB (1,023 words) - 21:00, 29 July 2020
regularly circumscissile. Seeds usually white or ivory, with reddish or yellowish tint, sometimes dark-brown to dark reddish-brown, broadly lenticular to elliptic-lenticular
8 KB (655 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
straight or curved, rounded, margins usually pinnately lobed, lobes ± deltate, not constricted at bases, terminals usually larger than laterals, dentate or
7 KB (568 words) - 20:14, 29 July 2020
Inflorescences 1, narrowly elongate-cylindric, (15–) 20–90 × 4–10 mm, usually bearing pink to brown or purple pyriform bulblets proximally and sterile flowers distally;
10 KB (847 words) - 10:12, 30 July 2020
115. Plants annual or perennial; usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 10-250 cm, usually erect, rarely prostrate, glabrous
22 KB (1,094 words) - 04:32, 30 July 2020
Association Stems appressed to substrate, 0.5–1.2 mm diam.; scales reddish to dark-brown, linear-triangular. Leaves irregularly spaced. Petiole to ca. 2 cm. Blade
4 KB (357 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
and white or brown-scarious, 15-veined, cylindric, terete, commissures between sepals veinless, broad, scarious; lobes green, reddish, or brown, 3-veined
12 KB (718 words) - 10:23, 30 July 2020
inconspicuous, brown, much shorter to ± equaling inflorescence, apex often clear, dentate; bracts deep brown, margins dentate; bracteoles deep brown, margins
5 KB (449 words) - 00:58, 30 July 2020
fleshy, smooth (slightly rugose in herbarium specimens). Seeds reddish-brown to dark-brown, 1–1.2 mm diam., shiny. Phenology: Flowering summer–fall. Habitat:
7 KB (567 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
stamens 5. Utricles light-brown to brown, subglobose, 1.5–2 mm, shorter than tepals, walls thin, usually smooth. Seeds dark reddish-brown, (0.9–) 1–1.2 mm diam
8 KB (589 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
crown broadly conic to spirelike; leading shoot erect. Bark gray to reddish-brown, thin and scaly (with thin plates), sometimes with resin blisters (especially
9 KB (446 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
awns to 1 mm; calluses less than 1 mm; lemmas 2.5-10 mm, gray to dark purplish-brown, often horizontally banded or mottled, scabrous-hispid or glabrous
8 KB (844 words) - 03:54, 30 July 2020
of hairs; upper lemmas usually more or less rigid and chartaceous-indurate, usually shiny, glabrous or (rarely) pubescent, usually smooth, sometimes verrucose
26 KB (1,480 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
sparse, on abaxial surface only. Indusia entire to sharply dentate. Spores dark-brown. Generated Map Legacy Map B.C., Calif., Oreg., Wash., only in the flora
6 KB (428 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
and irregularly plicate, 10–20 × 3–8 cm, abaxially usually maroon or greenish purple, adaxially dark green with whitish veins. Inflorescences: floral bracts
6 KB (567 words) - 05:31, 30 July 2020
abruptly contracted to long, reflexed acumen. Seta dark-brown, rough. Capsule inclined to horizontal, brown, ovate to elongate, slightly curved; annulus separating
7 KB (453 words) - 07:48, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Plants loosely cespitose, rhizomatous. Culms brown at base. Leaves: basal sheaths not fibrous; sheath fronts membranous; blades
8 KB (554 words) - 02:06, 30 July 2020
equaling tepals, dehiscence regularly circumscissile. Seeds dark-brown to brownish black or reddish-brown, yellowish white, or ivory, lenticular to subglobose
9 KB (720 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
mouth with wide purple band, usually shallowly U-shaped, greater than 2 mm wide. Lateral spikes pistillate, purple to dark-brown, pendent, (17–) 19–30 × 6-9
7 KB (600 words) - 02:12, 30 July 2020
stems 1–2 cm (except also caulescent stems to 8 (–20) cm in D. intermedia), usually forming overwintering buds (hibernaculae). On both surfaces in strong sunlight
9 KB (637 words) - 11:41, 30 July 2020
stipules usually distinct, occasionally connate at base, filiform, 1–1.2 (–2.8) mm, usually glabrous, rarely pilose; petiole 0.4–1 mm, usually glabrous;
7 KB (537 words) - 18:23, 29 July 2020
appressed-ascending to loosely spreading at maturity, green or brown, often dark-brown in age, lightly several-veined, elliptic-ovate, 2–2.5 × 0.8–1.5
9 KB (763 words) - 01:53, 30 July 2020
abaxial surfaces light green, initially strigose, usually becoming sparsely so, adaxial green to dark green, shiny, not glaucous, flat or faintly bulging
9 KB (756 words) - 14:32, 30 July 2020
flagged. Heads usually borne singly (rarely 2–3). Involucres: staminate 5–7 mm; pistillate 5–8 mm. Phyllaries distally brown, dark-brown, black, or olivaceous
7 KB (669 words) - 20:33, 29 July 2020
1/2, dark purple; style 15–20-branched. Fruits partially concealed by incurved, somewhat accrescent calyx lobes, 7–9 mm diam.; mericarps 15–20, brown, unwinged
9 KB (645 words) - 11:24, 30 July 2020
deep to lavender-violet on both surfaces, rarely white, lower 3 usually white basally, dark violet-veined, lateral 2 (and sometimes upper 2) bearded, lowest
9 KB (748 words) - 11:42, 30 July 2020
bracts usually linear, leaflike, 4–7 times fruit length), (0.5–) 1–1.5 (–3) × (0.1–) 0.2–0.5 cm. Perianth segment 1. Fruits reddish-brown, dark-brown, deep
6 KB (656 words) - 09:34, 30 July 2020
sclerodermis absent or present, usually weak, central strand present, usually strong; axillary hairs of several 1-seriate cells, usually thin-walled or occasionally
13 KB (835 words) - 07:06, 30 July 2020
campanulate, 3–30 mm diam. Phyllaries 5–40 in 3–5 series, unequal (outer usually shorter, ± deltate, inner ± lanceolate), herbaceous (midveins often thickened;
15 KB (826 words) - 20:23, 29 July 2020
moderate-sized to robust, with distinct capitulum; green,yellowish-brown. Stems green to dark reddish-brown, superficial cortex of 2–4 layers of efibrillose, nonornamented
8 KB (500 words) - 06:47, 30 July 2020
18–39 cm, 0.5–0.8 of total plant height. Leaves: basal sheaths pale-brown to dark-brown; blades green, exceeding culms, 1.4–3.7 mm wide, herbaceous, margins
7 KB (632 words) - 01:25, 30 July 2020