Search results

margins entire (sometimes undulate or crisped; apices acute to rounded or retuse), faces glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy (often tomentose), often stipitate-glandular

Leaf blades widely obovate to suborbiculate, 5–14 mm, apices truncate to retuse; capsules 4–6 mm wide, valves smooth, horns minute or absent. Ceanothus

cells; apex acute, obtuse, acuminate, or rounded, sometimes emarginate or retuse, often apiculate, sometimes cuspidate, cusp often toothed; costa single

cells, rarely hooked; apex acute, acuminate, obtuse, rounded, truncate, retuse, or emarginate, mucronate, apiculate, or cuspidate, cusp toothed or not

staminate. Proximal pistillate scales green to dark-brown, margins entire, apex retuse or obtuse to acuminate, awnless or awned, awn scabrous or smooth; distal

triangular, or lanceolate-ovate, apex ± acute to rounded or obtuse, sometimes retuse or emarginate, adaxial lip ± spreading, 10–15 (–18) mm, lobes broadly deltate

(at least mid and inner) usually acuminate to acute or rounded to rounded-retuse and minutely involute-cuspidate to acuminate or apiculate > 23 22 Phyllary

flowers: calyx 2-6-lobed; anthers usually somewhat apiculate, occasionally retuse. Pistillate flowers: calyx adnate to ovary, not forming flange; styles usually

to 3/4 length; petals spatulate to pandurate, 5 × 2 mm, apex rounded to retuse, often apiculate; lip with large redbrown spots near yellow callus, 8–12

mm, 1.6–1.8 times as long as wide, 0.5–1.1 times longer than sepals, apex retuse, obtuse, erose, truncate, or emarginate; filaments 2–7 mm; anthers (yellow)

fusiform to turbinate, (7–15 mm), (beak flattened), apex acute, blunt, or retuse. Seeds: cotyledons accumbent to, sometimes, incumbent. Generated Map Legacy

obtuse, cuneate, or acute to attenuate, apex rounded to obtuse, sometimes retuse, or acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or glabrate to villous, sericeous

present or absent; petiole present; blade: base rounded to cuneate, apex retuse to acuminate, surfaces hairy or glabrous. Inflorescences fascicles or solitary

long-attenuate, margins entire or toothed to pinnatifid, apex rounded to apiculate or retuse. Inflorescences usually of terminal panicles or corymbs, ultimate branch

usually bristle-tipped. Staminate flowers: calyx 2-6-lobed; anthers usually retuse, rarely apiculate. Pistillate flowers: calyx free from ovary, forming free

(5–)7–9(–11); corollas 8–10 mm; capsules narrowly oblong, apices truncate to retuse; usually pastures, scrub, marshy places. Euphrasia stricta 5 Inflorescences

to spatulate, base attenuate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded or retuse, mucronate or mucro absent, surfaces glabrous, punctate. Inflorescences

marginal cells in section distinctly differentiated, pyriform, flattopped, or retuse, smooth. Sexual condition dioicous; male plants with conspicuous rosettes

wide, margins undulate, apex retuse, lateral lobes basal, spreading, appearing auriculate, small, margins recurved, apex retuse; disc red with prominent,

capitate. Fruits schizocarps, erect, not inflated, subglobose, apically retuse, moderately indurate; mericarps (6–) 10–15 (or 16), drying black, 1-celled

cuneate to rounded, finally decurrent, margins ± undulate, apex rounded to retuse, lateral-veins prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescences in distal axils

obtuse, sometimes shallowly retuse, adaxial lobes broadly oblong and rounded, apex sometimes emarginate or shallowly retuse. 2n = 48. Phenology: Flowering

rounded, blunt, retuse, or erosulate, adaxial lip erect to ± spreading, 4–8 mm, lobes oblong or oblong-ovate, apex rounded, truncate, retuse, or erosulate;

distally or throughout, venation pinnate, apex acuminate to truncate or retuse, or mucronate to apiculate, abaxial surface glabrous or sparsely to densely

ovate-elliptic, 0.7-8.2 × 0.4-4.2 cm, base rounded, margins entire, apex retuse. Inflorescences pendent, 4.5-12 cm; pedicel with basal bracts. Flowers fragrant

petiole present; blade: base rounded, cuneate, or attenuate, apex rounded, retuse, acute, or acuminate to cuspidate, surfaces glabrous or glabrate [hairy]

obovate, claw slightly differentiated from blade, (apex rounded, truncate, retuse, or emarginate); stamens (erect), tetradynamous; filaments dilated or not

5 5 Distal leaf margins entire; calyces 5–7 mm; capsules 4–5 mm, apices retuse. Orthocarpus imbricatus 5 Distal leaf margins 3–7 lobed; calyces 8–12 mm;

oblongelliptic, obovate to nearly quadrangular or nearly circular, apex retuse to obtuse, sometimes apiculate; lip pandurate, 3-lobed; callus prominent

segments linear, slightly dilated proximally, margins strongly revolute, apex retuse. Sori nearer midrib than margin; sporangia usually 6–12 per sorus. Habitat:

turbinate or 4-angled, 12–26 × 3–9 mm, apex usually acute or blunt, rarely retuse. Generated Map Legacy Map North America, in e Asia (Japan), Australia Varieties

obovate-elliptic, 9–25 × 5–11 cm, base cuneate to rounded, apex obtuse to rounded or retuse, tertiary reticulation dense. Inflorescences 3+-flowered (staminate) or

or 2-stratose, entire; apex acute, acuminate, obtuse, or rounded, rarely retuse, usually apiculate or rarely cuspidate, cusp usually toothed; costa percurrent

5–9 mm; terminal segment turbinate, apex usually acute or blunt, rarely retuse, relatively short. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering Jun–Nov. Habitat: Sandy

coriaceous, margins slightly to strongly revolute, apex obtuse to rounded or retuse, mucronate. Racemes 4–30-flowered, to 6 cm, commonly exceeding leaves. Pedicels

dentate to denticulate most of length, teeth 9–35, apex rounded, truncate, or retuse, abaxial surface pale green, sparsely strigillose or glabrate, adaxial surface

scales pale to copper-brown, midvein reaching apex, broad, apex of body retuse, aristate. Perigynia divergent, pale-brown, inflated, loosely enclosing

rarely broadly obovate, (2–) 3–7 (–8) mm, longer than sepals, apex usually ± retuse; stamens 15–20; styles subapical, usually filiform, sometimes tapered-columnar

yellow, ± obcordate, (2.5–) 3.5–7 (–9) mm, longer than sepals, apex usually ± retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles subapical, filiform to filiform-tapered, not papillate-swollen

denticulate distal to middle, teeth 0–9, apex obtuse, rounded, truncate, or retuse, abaxial surface pale green, glabrate or glabrous, adaxial surface green

not auriculate; blades flat to keeled, linear, apex obtuse to rounded or retuse, aerenchyma present. Inflorescences 1, terminal, erect and emergent or peduncle

blackish with age, 1–4-stratose, entire; apex usually rounded, occasionally retuse or emarginate, sometimes apiculate; costa ending well below apex (to about

compressed (sometimes slightly angustiseptate), 3–9 mm, (rigid, apex truncate, retuse, or rounded-acute); valves sparsely or densely pubescent, sometimes sparsely

oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate, mainly 10–40 × 3–8 mm, margin entire, apex retuse to obtuse. Staminate flowers yellow (rarely brown), in clusters 2–3 mm wide

midnerves evident or faint, (margins usually flat) apices rounded, obtuse, or retuse, sometimes mucronate, faces glabrous, gland-dotted (in pits), thickly resinous;

base acute, obtuse, or rounded, apex acute, obtuse, rounded, truncate, or retuse, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes with scattered hairs. Inflorescences:

serrate, sometimes subentire, apex shortly acuminate to rounded, sometimes retuse, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes glabrescent on vasculature abaxially

blades elliptic, lanceolate, ovate, obovate, or orbiculate, 1.3–10 cm, apex retuse, obtuse, or acute, with or without 0.5–1 mm mucro; venation eucamptodromous

orbiculate, 5–55 × 2–25 mm, base cuneate, margin entire (rarely dentate), apex retuse to obtuse or rounded. Staminate flowers yellow or brown, in numerous clusters

3-lobed, middle lobe small, obovate to subquadrangular, apex notched to retuse, lateral lobes clasping column, broad, rounded; disc lamellate; column elongate

white with purple, pale-yellow near base, obovate-cuneate, apex truncate to retuse, lateral lobes incurved, oblong, obtuse, 1/2–2/3 length of middle lobe;

mm, base rounded or truncate, margins sinuate and somewhat revolute, apex retuse (older leaves often split on pressed specimens), surfaces glabrous or sparsely

3–14 cm, margins entire, crisped, or toothed, apex truncate, emarginate, retuse, or rounded; cauline leaves alternate, intergrading with bracts, blade oblong

not spurred, not scarious, apex rounded or truncate, obscurely mucronate, retuse, or emarginate. Flowering shoots (terminal or axillary), ascending, simple

long as wide, base rounded or convex, margins flat, entire, ciliate, apex retuse, rounded, convex, or acute, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial highly glossy

ovate-oblong, 0.8–2.4 × 0.4–1.4 cm, thin, margins entire, apex obtuse to retuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences racemes, terminating stems

teeth single, blunt or sometimes rounded; apex rounded, obtuse, or rarely retuse, apiculate; costa subpercurrent, ending well before apex, or rarely percurrent

margins usually entire, rarely 1–4-toothed, apex rounded, truncate, or retuse. Flowers: sepals, petals, and nectary lavender to blue. Capsules 5–6 mm

white, orbiculate, base short-clawed, margins erose-undulate, apex often retuse; stamens 35–65 (–76), shorter than petals; torus absent; carpels 1 (or 2)

thickened near hyaline margins, apex convex, membranous, rugose; ligule retuse or rounded, to 3 mm, free limb to 0.2 mm; blades 60 cm × 5 mm, shorter than

exceeding adaxial. Capsules narrowly oblong, 4.5–6 mm, apex truncate to retuse. Generated Map Legacy Map Introduced; N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Ill

1/2, 5–20 (–30) × 0.7–1.5 mm, apex sharply acute or apiculate, sometimes retuse. Inflorescences solitary, sessile flowers, or if 2–3-flowered, additional

densely puberulent, tip not hooked, not bearded. Capsules 6–8 mm, apex retuse. Seeds 1–12, dark-brown, ovoid to reniform, 2 mm, shallowly reticulate,

adaxial. Capsules oblong to elliptic or obovate, 4.5–8 mm, apex truncate to retuse. Generated Map Legacy Map B.C., N.B., N.S., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), Ont

bright-yellow, ± obcordate, (3–) 4–10 (–12) mm, usually longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles subapical, filiform to tapered, papillate-swollen

pale-yellow to yellow, ± obcordate, (3–) 4–10 (–15) mm, longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens 15–30; styles subapical, narrowly columnar, tapered, or conic,

drying red, elliptic to ovoid, 1.1–1.5 × 1.2–1.9 mm, distal margin entire, retuse, or erose. Staminate flowers 5–40. Pistillate flowers: ovary glabrous; styles

base attenuate to cuneate, margins plane, apex rounded to obtuse, sometimes retuse, abaxial surface glabrous or sparsely villous along midrib or villous across

obtuse, adaxial lobes oblong-ovate, apex broadly obtuse to acute, shallowly retuse, or erosulate. 2n = 48. Phenology: Flowering (Mar–)May–Sep(–Oct). Habitat:

clustered at nodes; blade spatulate to oblanceolate, apex rounded to somewhat retuse and mucronate, narrowed into petiole or sessile. Inflorescences racemose

15–35 × 7–20 mm, bases cuneate to attenuate, apices rounded or slightly retuse, faces often viscid when fresh. Peduncles ± 1 cm. Phyllaries: outer ca.

base cordate to truncate, margins entire, apex acute to rounded, often retuse, mucronate; surfaces abaxially pale, pilose to densely pilose, adaxially

Pedicels 0–1 (–5) mm. Flowers: sepal apices rounded, sometimes mucronate, retuse, or 2-fid; petals yellow; ovaries glabrous or glabrescent. 2n = 20. Phenology:

× 1.5–4 (–5) cm, coriaceous, margins slightly revolute, apex rounded or retuse, mucronate or mucro absent. Racemes 7–25 (–40) -flowered, to 6 (–12) cm

; petals yellow, ± obcordate, (3–) 4–10 mm, usually longer than sepals, retuse; stamens 20–25; styles subapical, tapered-filiform, papillate-swollen in

flat, entire, sometimes ciliate, apex convex, rounded, acuminate, acute, or retuse, abaxial surface glabrous, villous, long-silky, pubescent, or pilose, hairs

section narrow or more typically enlarged and wider than those beneath, retuse to deeply notched (rarely divided by a vertical partition), ± thick-walled

obcordate, (3.5–) 4–10 (–12) mm, equal to or longer than sepals, apex usually ± retuse; stamens (15–) 20; styles subapical, filiform, often papillate-swollen in

elegans), (2–) 3–10 (–12) mm, usually longer than sepals, apex usually ± retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles subapical, columnar, filiform, or tapered, not,

petiolate; blades spatulate, largest (9–) 12–25 × 4–16 mm, apices obtuse to retuse. Heads mostly discoid, 8–11 × 5–7 mm. Phyllary midnerves usually evident

glandular-puberulent, tip minutely hooked, not bearded. Capsules 5–7 mm, apex retuse. Seeds 20–35, yellow or dark-brown, ovoid, 1.2–1.5 mm, reticulate, longitudinally

obovate to cuneate, rounded, 2–4 cm, with a few short hairs near gland, apex retuse to obtuse; glands arched, transversely oblong to weakly lunate or ± rectangular

below and glabrous above, apices truncate to rounded or obtuse, sometimes retuse, unawned; paleas shorter than the lemmas, glabrous, splitting down the midline

narrowly triangular, 3–4 mm wide, apex bluntly acute or obtuse, sometimes retuse or emarginate, adaxial lobes broadly oblong, apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate

rounded to truncate or subcordate, apex rounded or rounded-apiculate to retuse, gland-dots intramarginal. Inflorescences spiciform-cylindric, 3–7-flowered

greenish, ca. 3 mm, apex narrow at anthesis, minutely glandular-toothed or retuse. Capsules opening along 3 wirelike valve margins. Seeds 0.3–0.5 mm. Phenology:

apex acute, adaxial lobes oblong-ovate, apex narrowly rounded, shallowly retuse, or erosulate. 2n = 48. Phenology: Flowering (Jun–)Aug–Sep. Habitat: Moist

1.2–4.5 cm, base cuneate to rounded, apex acute, apiculate, rounded, or retuse. Pedicels: bracteoles absent. Flowers fragrant; sepal lobes triangular;

glands absent; blade fleshy-leathery, venation obscure, apex rounded to retuse; with pit-domatia on distal margins and at apex, each containing a basal

glabrous or puberulent, tip notably hooked, not bearded. Capsules 4–6 mm, apex retuse. Seeds 3–6, light-brown, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.8–2.5 mm, shallowly reticulate

weakly recurved, 2-stratose or 3-stratose; apex rounded, obtuse, or rarely retuse, apiculate or sometimes not, apiculus blunt; costa percurrent, excurrent

(–50) mm, base usually ± shallowly cordate, rarely truncate, apex rounded to retuse, gland-dots laminar (relatively dense) and intramarginal. Phenology: Flowering

cuneate, margins entire, plane or slightly undulate, apex subacute, obtuse, or retuse or shallowly emarginate, mucronulate. Inflorescences terminal, erect, compact

moreorless equal. Capsules elliptic-oblong to oblong, 4–5.5 (–6) mm, apex retuse to emarginate. 2n = 44 (Europe). Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Grasslands

along margin, 7–10 × 5–6 mm when spread, middle lobe obovate, 3 × 3 mm, apex retuse, broadly apiculate, lateral lobes rounded, 1–1.5 mm short of lip apex, sinuses

8 mm, membranaceous, apex broadly acute to rounded, occasionally deeply retuse, rounded or occasionally keeled, glabrous, green and covering fruit at maturity;

bluish violet, bases yellow; outer tepals 9–14.5 mm, apex emarginate to retuse, aristate; filaments connate ± entirely, stipitate-glandular basally; ovary

finely toothed to coarsely triangular-toothed, apex truncate, emarginate, retuse, or rounded; cauline leaves absent, or alternate or in suprabasal rosettes

6–12 mm, base often abruptly cuneate and stipelike, margins entire, apex retuse, glabrous; wing somewhat thickened near margin, yellowish green, whitish

tapered, margins usually entire, sometimes undulate, apex rounded or acute to retuse, cuspidate, cusp 1–3 mm, soon falling; main lateral-veins ascending, obscurely

to round, (2–) 4–9 (–12) mm, usually longer than sepals, apex rounded to retuse; stamens 15–20; styles subapical, columnar-clavate to ± filiform, not papillate-swollen

elliptic, (4–) 5–15 (–20) mm, longer than sepals, apex rounded or slightly retuse; stamens [5–] 20 (–30); styles ± lateral [subapical or subbasal], narrowly

broadly obovate, (1–) 1.5–5 mm, usually shorter than sepals, apex rounded to ± retuse; stamens (5–) 10–20 (–25); styles subapical, conic-tapered, slightly to

capsules oblong, acute Juncus parryi 3 Perianth 4–5 mm; capsules ovoid, retuse Juncus hallii 4 Culms well spaced along sparingly branched creeping rhizomes

exerted in mature fruit, greenish stramineous, obcordate, 1.3–1.7 mm, apex retuse. Seeds lenticular, 0.9–1.1 mm. Phenology: Flowering summer–early fall. Habitat:

Leaves crowded; blades 7–20 (–30) × 1.5–4 mm, apices truncate-apiculate to retuse. Heads: clusters subtended by bractlike leaves. Cypselae 1.6 mm; pappi 10–11

or serrulate, sometimes undulate, apex usually acute, sometimes obtuse or retuse (subsp. incana). Flowers usually 1 or 2, rarely more, opening per day near

brochidodromous [nearly eucamptodromous], apex acuminate, acute, mucronate, obtuse, retuse, or rounded; with or without hair-tuft or pit [pocket] domatia abaxially

orange, ± obcordate, (3.5–) 5–10 mm, equal to or longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens 20–30; styles subapical, tapered-filiform, papillate-swollen in

revolute, entire or crenulate (glandular-dotted), apex rounded, convex, or retuse, abaxial surface sparsely long-silky to glabrescent, adaxial (venation deeply

convex or rounded, margins flat, crenulate or crenate, apex rounded, convex, retuse, or toothed, abaxial surface (not glaucous), glabrous, adaxial slightly

to or longer, sometimes shorter, than sepals, apex rounded or truncate to retuse; stamens (15–) 20; styles subapical, conic to columnar, papillate-swollen

(2–) 3–7 mm, equal to or distinctly longer than sepals, apex usually ± retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles subapical, ± columnar to tapered, papillate-swollen

broadly attenuate, margins entire, apex usually obtuse to rounded, sometimes retuse, surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. Cyathial arrangement:

spatulate or somewhat clawed, equal or subequal, 2–3 mm, apex rounded or retuse, mucronate; style-branches somewhat spreading; stigmas 3. Staminate flowers

middle lobe triangular to quadrangular, broadly rounded, 7–11 mm wide, apex retuse or apiculate; column 6–9 × 1.5–2 mm, distal end 5–8 mm wide; rostellum present

3-5 lobes, margins usually entire, apex acuminate to rounded, then often retuse, mucronate; surfaces abaxially slightly pale, rarely glaucous, sparsely

triangular to ovate, 0.8–1.5 × 0.7–1.1 mm, margins entire, apex rounded or retuse, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular; petals narrowly spatulate or

lips moreorless equal. Capsules oval to oblong or obovate, 2.5–4 mm, apex retuse to emarginate. Phenology: Flowering mid summer–fall. Habitat: Dry, grassy

(1–) 2–3 (–4) cells; apex rounded, occasionally truncate or obtuse, rarely retuse, cuspidate or apiculate, cusp occasionally toothed; costa percurrent, excurrent

middle [apical] pairs largest, base oblique, apex obtuse or rounded [acute or retuse] and mucronate, [membranous] subcoriaceous or coriaceous, surfaces glabrous

middle lobe with dilated apex triangular, 5–11 mm wide, apex truncate, retuse to apiculate; column 7–11 × 1–1.5 mm, distal end 6–9 mm wide; rostellum

with dilated apex triangular, broadly rounded, 5–12 mm wide, apex acute or retuse; column 8.5–13 × 1.5–2 mm, distal end 5–8.5 mm wide; rostellum present;

(–30) mm, base shallowly cordate, apex usually rounded, rarely obtuse to retuse, gland-dots laminar (relatively dense, large) and intramarginal (relatively

herbaceous-cuspidate, innermost chartaceous (bodies usually apically obtuse to retuse proximal to appendages), midnerves and subapical resin ducts darker, apices

(sometimes with narrow blades); perianth blades with long claw, ovate, rounded or retuse, rarely acute, apically or subapically bristled, bristle erect or incurved

margins entire or wider leaves distally toothed, apex rounded to slightly retuse, surfaces usually glabrous, abaxial sometimes sparsely short-villous to

capsule, margins entire. Flowers: sepals 1–3 mm; petals yellow, 2–4 mm, apex retuse to rounded; stamens 10–30, 2–3.5 mm, filaments monomorphic, filiform, unlobed;

base; marginal cells of lamellae in section broader than those beneath, retuse to distinctly notched, with prominent knobs; perichaetial leaves not markedly

with yellow spot on disc, oblong, 4.5–6 × 2 mm, constricted at middle, apex retuse, sometimes obscurely 4-lobed; disc 2-lamellate and flabellate distally;

Leaf-blades obovate or spatulate, flattened, 4–28 × 2–13 mm, apex round to retuse or nearly truncate; involucrelike leaves 1–4. Flowers 3–10 mm diam.; petals

8–30 (–35) × 6–20 mm, margin entire or rarely dentate, apex rounded to retuse or obtuse. Staminate flowers yellow, in clusters 2–3 mm wide, borne in panicles

blade fleshy-leathery, venation brochidodromous, apex obtuse, rounded, or retuse, surfaces often appearing glabrous, but with minute, scattered, salt-excreting

with yellowbrown midrib, 3-veined, equaling perigynia, apex acuminate to retuse, with scabrous awn to 2 mm. Anthers 2–3 mm. Perigynia yellowbrown, often

narrowly to broadly cuneate, rarely slightly acuminate, apex obtuse, rounded, retuse, or notched; surfaces mostly glabrous. Spikes mostly terminal, 1-2, densely

glandular-denticulate, strongly revolute, glands 14–36, apex truncate to retuse, abaxial surface pale green, villosulous to strigillose, especially on veins

sometimes denticulate near apex, teeth 3–5, apex acute to rounded, truncate, or retuse, abaxial surface grayish green, tomentulose, adaxial surface green, glabrous

times width, margins usually entire, rarely 1–3-toothed, apex truncate or retuse; of fascicled leaves ± flat, elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 9–15 × 3–6

orbiculate, flattened, 1–6.5 (–9) cm, margins entire, apex obtuse, truncate, or retuse; cauline leaves absent. Inflorescences with flowers borne singly on peduncles;

obscurely glandular-denticulate, weakly revolute, glands 23–31, apex truncate or retuse, abaxial surface green, densely tomentulose, adaxial surface dark green

subterete, 10–36 × 5–16 mm, base not spurred, not scarious, apex emarginate to retuse. Flowering shoots erect, simple, (6–) 10–28 cm; leaf-blades suborbiculate

toothed to near base, teeth blunt or sometimes sharp, of 1 (or 2) cells; apex retuse or emarginate, rarely truncate or rounded, usually short-mucronate; costa

either (3-)4 or 7-36; tepals mostly entire, rarely irregularly divided or retuse apically; achenes globose-lenticular; widespread > 18 18 Involucral awns

diam.; petals yellow, ± obcordate, (4–) 5–10 mm, longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles subapical, ± columnar, rarely columnar-filiform

hidden by perignyium beaks, apex acute or ultimate apex often rounded to retuse. Perigynia spreading to ascending, with beak and distal body of perigynium

larger lobes usually with 2-3 sublobes or teeth, veins often ending in retuse teeth, secondary-veins yellowish, 4-7 on each side, the more distal veins

mm, slightly shorter to ± longer than sepals, apex rounded to truncate or retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles subapical, columnar-tapered, scarcely to strongly

green or red distally, linear-lanceolate, 1–1.5 mm wide, apex rounded to retuse. Flowers: corolla 12–20 mm. Phenology: Flowering Jul–Sep. Habitat: Open

squarish, often retuse, secondary-veins 6-9 on each side, each terminating in tooth or arching near margins, apex broadly rounded, retuse; surfaces abaxially

leaves and retuse to truncate leaf apices, but these are found throughout the range of the species. Leaves with obtuse to truncate or retuse leaf apices

often variable, in typically cuneate in section, flattopped to shallowly retuse, not thick-walled, smooth; median sheath cells 80–100 × 8–12 µm (5:1),

midlobe apices retuse. Cordylanthus rigidus subsp. rigidus 3 Stems downy to puberulent, hairs soft; proximal bracts: midlobe apices acute to retuse. Cordylanthus

cuneate to attenuate, margins plane, apex usually rounded to obtuse, sometimes retuse, abaxial surface villous, especially along midrib (hairs tawny, sometimes

(or 2) cells; apex broadly rounded, obtuse, or occasionally truncate or retuse, usually narrowly mucronate or cuspidate, cusp bent to side, rarely toothed;

obtuse, margins revolute, veins 5–8, sunken, apex obtuse or acute, rarely retuse, abaxial surfaces grayish green, reticulate, initially villous, adaxial

obcordate, 4–7 mm, equal to or slightly longer than sepals, apex usually ± retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles subapical, filiform, not papillate-swollen proximally

mm. Achenes sessile, with 2 faces convex, 2–2.4 × (1.1–) 1.4–1.9 mm, apex retuse. Phenology: Fruiting late spring. Habitat: Dry to dry-mesic mixed woodlands

mm. Achenes entire to slightly constricted on margins, apex truncate to retuse, dull; style base straight, rarely bent. 2n = 78, 80–83. Phenology: Fruiting

awn), midvein reaching apex, 1/3–1/2 the width of scale, apex acuminate or retuse, aristate, awn scabrous. Perigynia divergent, pale-brown, 0–50-veined on

clawed, subequal or unequal, 1.5–2 mm, membranaceous, apex emarginate or retuse to obtuse, outer tepals with apex rarely subacute; style-branches shorter

base cuneate to attenuate, margins plane, apex rounded to obtuse, sometimes retuse, abaxial surface villous (hairs reddish-brown to brown), venation visible

oblong-obovate, 3.3–9.3 (–12.5) × 0.9–1.6 mm, apex acute to truncate-erose or retuse, sometimes with scabrous awn to 0.1–6.2 (–9.2) mm. Perigynia horizontal

spoon-shaped, (2-) 6-12 (-18) × 1.5-6 mm, minutely apiculate, occasionally retuse. Inflorescences 1-flowered, barely exceeding to shorter than leaves; bracts

mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins plane, apex rounded to obtuse or retuse, abaxial surface densely sericeous (hairs tawny or reddish-brown to brown)

constricted on 1 face, or irregularly constricted on margins, apex truncate to retuse, dull; style base straight, sometimes bent. 2n = 80 (ne Russia). Phenology:

erect to slightly reflexed, ± lanceolate to oblanceolate, 5–10 mm, apex retuse or erosulate, sometimes obtuse to acute, glandular-pubescent. Pedicels 2–10

blunt, of 1–2 (–3) cells; apex obtuse, rounded, acute, acuminate, or rarely retuse, mucronate or cuspidate, cusp sometimes toothed; costa percurrent or excurrent;

diam.; petals yellow, ± obcordate, 3.5–6.5 mm, longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles subapical, filiform, ± papillate-swollen at very

yellow, obcordate, (4–) 7–10 (–13) mm, equal to or longer than sepals, apex retuse, rarely rounded; stamens 25–30; styles subapical, columnar-tapered, not

long as or shorter than perigynia, margins often ciliate, apex truncate to retuse, erose and prolonged into a scabrous awn. Staminate scales scabrous-awned

sometimes herbaceous or herbaceous-tipped (body apices obtuse or truncate to retuse, appendages erect), midnerves not evident or slightly raised, slightly expanded

2–0.4 × 0.3–0.4 mm. Achenes deeply constricted on 1 face, apex truncate to retuse, glossy; style base bent, rarely straight. 2n = 77, 78, 79. Phenology: Fruiting

acuminate; lip sessile, cuneate to obovate, 4.5–6 × 2–4.5 mm, apex rounded to retuse, apiculate, apical margin slightly erose or crenulate; disc with pair of

petals pale-yellow to yellow, ± obcordate, 6–10 mm, longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles subapical, filiform-tapered, not papillate-swollen

base acute to cuneate, margins plane, apex obtuse or rounded, sometimes retuse, abaxial surface sparsely strigose (hairs white to gray, rarely tawny),

obcordate or nearly round, (3–) 4–6 mm, longer than sepals, apex usually ± retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles subapical, filiform-tapered, papillate-swollen in

cm × 6–9 mm. Pistillate scales shorter and narrower than perigynia, apex retuse, awn to 3.5 mm. Perigynia ascending, redbrown, angles veined, faces veinless

connate into 0.5 mm tube; lobes ovate to lanceolate, 0.7–1 × 0.4–0.6 mm, apex retuse, slightly keeled, glabrous, margins meeting or separated by as much as their

entire, teeth blunt, of 1 (or 2) cells; apex broadly rounded, truncate, or retuse, rarely emarginate, apiculate or rarely cuspidate, cusp smooth; costa percurrent

midlobes green or red distally, linear-lanceolate, 1–1.5 mm wide, apex retuse to slightly rounded. Flowers: corolla 8–17 mm. Phenology: Flowering Jul–Sep

Inflorescences: bracts puberulent, lobes purple distally, apex slightly rounded to retuse. Flowers: calyx-tube 2–3 mm; corolla lavender to pink, blotched purple,

terminal segment cylindrical, (beak sometimes flattened, blunt), apex usually retuse. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Oct. Habitat: Sandy beaches Elevation:

than flowers, midlobes dark purple distally, linear, 0.5–1 mm wide, apex retuse. Flowers: corolla 13–17 mm. Phenology: Flowering Jun–Sep. Habitat: Chaparral

broadly coriaceous, rigid when dry, base cuneate, apex rounded to slightly retuse, surfaces glabrate. Inflorescences loose, 4–6 cm; buds and branches densely

moderately branched, 30–50 cm. Leaf-blades obovate, 20–70 mm, apex obtuse to retuse. Inflorescences compact, flowers 2 per node. Pedicels 8–12 mm. Flowers 4-merous;

midlobes green or red distally, lanceolate, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, apex acute to retuse. Flowers: corolla 15–20 mm. Phenology: Flowering Jul–Sep. Habitat: Dunes

petals yellow, ± obcordate, 4–8 mm, equal to or longer than sepals, apex retuse; stamens ca. 20; styles subapical, filiform to filiform-tapered or filiform-columnar

(8–) 10–16 mm, base obtuse, apex deeply emarginate, (sinus to 8 mm deep), retuse, or truncate; style obsolete or to 0.5 mm. Seeds 2–3 mm diam. 2n = 36, 42

1.6–3.7 mm, margins sometimes sinuate, apex broadly rounded, convex, or retuse, entire, sinuate, or 2-fid, abaxially hairy, hairs straight. Staminate flowers:

ladder-fibrillose. > 5 5 Sheaths glabrous; perigynia obovoid; apex of pistillate scales retuse. Carex crinita 5 Sheaths scabrous; perigynia broadly ovoid to ellipsoid;

pellucid. Hypericum pseudomaculatum 5 Leaf blade apex usually obtuse, rounded, retuse, or subretuse, rarely acute; inflorescence subsidiary branches narrowly

auriculate, not clasping, slightly decurrent along petiole, apex notched or retuse; surfaces resinous-dotted, especially abaxially. Spikes mostly terminal

base rounded, occasionally pubsecent along veins, apex rounded to slightly retuse. Inflorescences: staminate inflorescences compound cymose to corymbose,

5–4.5 mm, lips equal. Capsules oval to oblong or obovate, 2.5–5 mm, apex retuse to emarginate. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Damp habitats near

moreorless equal. Capsules oblong or elliptic, 4–5.5 mm, apex truncate to retuse. 2n = 44 (Iceland). Phenology: Flowering summer–fall. Habitat: Grassy places

exceeding adaxial. Capsules oblong to elliptic, 4–5 (–6) mm, apex slightly retuse. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: e Asia (Japan, Russian Far East [Commander

per side, bases tapering, apices broadly obtuse, submucronate or slightly retuse, faces glabrous, gland-dotted, sometimes resinous. Heads (in terminal clusters)

slightly wavy, sharply dentate to spinose-dentate, teeth 3–9, apex acute or retuse, with an apical tooth, abaxial surface grayish green, strigillose on veins

entire, sometimes minutely denticulate near apex, teeth 0–3, apex rounded to retuse, abaxial surface pale green, strigillose, adaxial surface dark green, shiny

elliptic-oblong, 4–5 mm, margins eciliate or short-ciliate, apex truncate, retuse, or emarginate. 2n = 44 (Ireland). Phenology: Flowering mid summer–fall

oblong to narrowly elliptic, 4–6 mm, shorter than or equal to calyx, apex retuse. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Peat, gravel, clay. Elevation: 0–200

6 cm, ± leathery, base sometimes lobed, apex obtuse to rounded and often retuse, mucronate; surfaces glabrous, abaxially slightly pale; venation 3-5. Inflorescences

broadly trigonousobovoid, 3-lobed, 1 mm, each lobe carinate, biconvex, apex retuse, surface coarsely, transversely rugose; tubercle a minute, dark button.

to elliptic or oblanceolate, 20–35 × (7–) 10–20 mm, margin entire, apex retuse to obtuse. Staminate flowers yellow, in panicles mainly 5–15 cm. Pistillate

cuneate, margins entire (sometimes revolute), apex apiculate, obtuse, or retuse, surfaces gray-tomentose (abaxial remaining gray-tomentose, adaxial glabrescent)

5–0.8 mm, base articulated, parallel, margins revolute, apex rounded to retuse, midrib unbranched. Inflorescences narrowly pyramidal, 1–3-flowered, with

green or sometimes pale reddish, 1–4-stratose; apex rounded, occasionally retuse, rarely short-apiculate; costa ending well before apex to 7/8 leaf length

oblate to narrowly ovoid, 4–5.5 × 1.7–2.3 mm, exceeding perianth, apex retuse. Seeds yellowish tan, fusiform-ovoid, 0.7–0.9 mm, short tailed. 2n = 120

exceeding adaxial. Capsules oblong to elliptic or obovate, 6–8 mm, apex retuse or emarginate. 2n = 44. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Wet or dry

obovate to cuneate, rounded, 2–4 cm, with a few short hairs near gland, apex retuse to obtuse; glands linear, strongly chevron-shaped to weakly lunate, not

and adaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy; petals oblong, 5.5–7.5 mm, apex retuse, (without marginal hairs basally); filaments 2–3.5 mm; anthers ± 0.5 mm

broadly cuneate, margins usually plane, rarely recurved, apex rounded to retuse, midrib with 6 pairs of branches. Inflorescences terminal (1–) 3–5 (–8)

oblongelliptic, 0.8–2.6 × 0.1–0.8 cm, thin, margins entire, apex obtuse to retuse, mucronulate, surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences corymbs or racemes, terminating

lips moreorless equal. Capsules narrowly oblong, 4–5.5 mm, apex truncate to retuse. 2n = 44 (England). Phenology: Flowering early summer–fall. Habitat: Dry

reddish or brownish, 2–4-stratose; apex rounded or occasionally obtuse or retuse, short-apiculate; costa subpercurrent or percurrent; medial laminal cells

slightly wavy, spinose-dentate, teeth 5–9 (–11), apex sharply acute or retuse with an apical tooth, abaxial surface grayish green, veins strigillose,

moreorless equal. Capsules oblong to elliptic, 4–5 mm, apex truncate to retuse. Phenology: Flowering mid summer–fall. Habitat: Damp woods, gravel and ledges

sometimes wavy, coarsely denticulate near apex, teeth 3–5, apex truncate, retuse, or cuspidate, abaxial surface green, tomentulose, adaxial surface green

lobes white to cream distally, linear or slightly spatulate, apex rounded to retuse. Pedicels: bracteoles 10–15 mm, margins entire. Flowers: calyx 10–15 mm

mm, exserted beyond calyx margins; lobe apex usually truncate, shallowly retuse, throat open. Styles glabrous. Anthers included, white-villous, thecae spreading

lilac, 5–7 mm, lips moreorless equal. Capsules oval, (4–) 5–6.5 mm, apex retuse to emarginate. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Turf and peat on calcareous

5 cm, leathery, base gradually tapered, margins entire, apex rounded or retuse, often short-cuspidate, cusp less than 1 mm; main lateral-veins ascending

or reddish, 1-stratose; apex rounded or occasionally obtuse, truncate, or retuse, rarely short-apiculate; costa 7/8 leaf length to subpercurrent or rarely

margins green or sometimes reddish, 1-stratose or 2-stratose; apex rounded or retuse, sometimes emarginate, rarely weakly apiculate; costa ending well before

margins entire, rarely with minute teeth near apices, apex truncate or retuse, rarely rounded, abaxial surface brown-hairy, becoming glabrate and pale

reddish, brownish, or rarely green, 1-stratose; apex rounded or occasionally retuse, not apiculate; costa subpercurrent or rarely weakly percurrent; medial

keeled, keels stronger and sometimes conspicuously ciliate distally, apices retuse to acute, awned, awns 3-4 mm; lemmas 10-15 mm, laterally compressed, keeled

cuneate to clawed, rounded, 3–5 cm, with scattered proximal hairs, apex retuse to obtuse; glands in lower middle of petal, ± square, sometimes ovate, not

of lamellae in section wider than those beneath, flat-topped or shallowly retuse. Polytrichastrum pallidisetum 5 Marginal lamina entire or obscurely denticulate

margins strongly revolute, crenate or subentire, apex rounded, convex, retuse, or toothed, abaxial surface sparsely to densely villous or long-silky,

revolute or flat, entire, ciliate, apex usually rounded or convex, sometimes retuse, abaxial surface (rarely glaucous), glabrous or pilose, adaxial slightly

margins slightly revolute, entire (glandular-dotted), apex convex, rounded, or retuse, abaxial surface glabrous or with long-silky hairs, adaxial slightly glossy

margins flat, serrulate or crenulate, apex convex, acuminate, acute, or retuse, abaxial surface glaucous, usually glabrous (rarely few hairs), adaxial

flowering branchlet 1–9 mm; floral bract brown, 0.7–2.1 mm, apex rounded or retuse, abaxially hairy throughout or proximally, hairs straight, wavy, or curly

5–12 mm; floral bract brown, black, tawny, or bicolor, 0.4–1.1 mm, apex retuse or acute, abaxially hairy throughout or proximally, hairs curly or wavy

0–2 mm; floral bract brown or black, 2.4–3.2 mm, apex acute, rounded, or retuse, abaxially moderately densely hairy, hairs straight. Staminate flowers:

wider than others, distal limb oblong, ± flat to convex, 3–5 mm wide, apex retuse, sometimes rounded, usually glabrous; cleistogamous flowers, when present

cucullate apically); petals spatulate, 7–9 (–11) mm (widened at base, slightly retuse). Fruits (sessile or substipitate), ovate to oblong, not compressed at distal

floral bract tawny, brown, or greenish, 1–2.6 mm, apex broadly rounded to retuse, entire, abaxially glabrous. Staminate flowers: abaxial nectary 0.3–0.4

sepals 1–4; petals orange proximally, yellow distally, 2–6 (–8) mm, apex retuse or rounded; stamens 20–40, 2–7 mm, filaments monomorphic, filiform, unlobed;

Scales: pistillate scales pale-brown to reddish-brown, ovate to obovate, apex retuse or truncate to obtuse, cuspidate; staminate scales dark reddish-brown, ovate

yellowbrown midrib, oblong, 3.5 × 1 mm, margins hyaline, apex acuminate or retuse, awn 0.5–3 mm, ciliate. Anthers 3–4 mm. Perigynia pale-brown, with uniformly

8–11.5 (–14.5) mm, (slightly narrowed to broad claw, margins sinuate, often retuse). Fruits (sessile or substipitate), globose, ovoid, or suborbicular, compressed

attenuate, margins entire, apex usually obtuse to rounded, occasionally slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. Cyathial arrangement:

long as wide, base subcordate, cordate, or convex, apex convex, rounded, or retuse, abaxial surface glabrous, pilose or villous. Catkins: staminate 12.5–15

blade spatulate to ovate, base tapered, apex rounded to obtuse, rarely retuse; cauline 5–9 pairs, sessile, 12–110 × 16–70 mm, blade oblong to ovate, base

moderately curved, 10-12 (-14) on each side, apex rounded, acuminate or retuse, sometimes with prominent drip-tip; surfaces abaxially light green, sometimes

long-decurrent, margins entire to undulate, apex obtuse or rounded, sometimes retuse, rarely cuspidate, if so, cusp less than 0.5 mm; main lateral-veins strongly

(claw relatively short), apex slightly rounded, truncate, or shallowly retuse; filaments dilated basally, (glandular tissue subtending paired stamens

long as or shorter than perigynia, margins often ciliate, apex truncate to retuse, erose, prolonged to scabrous awn. Staminate scales with distinct, scabrous

pale-pink; anthers red or purplish; nectar scales whitish to pale-pink, oblong, (retuse). Carpels divergent or stellately spreading in fruit, distinct, red to purple

base; lobes broadly ovate to elliptic, 0.6–0.8 × 0.4–0.8 mm, apex obtuse or retuse, rounded or with slight broad keel abaxially, glabrous, only slightly covering

Flowers: sepals 2–3 mm; petals orange proximally, yellow distally, 2–4 mm, apex retuse or rounded; stamens 10–30, 2–3 mm, filaments monomorphic, filiform, unlobed;

hairy, conspicuously keeled distally, awned, awns 3-10 mm; paleas 8.5-15 mm, retuse or truncate; anthers 1-2 mm. Generated Map Legacy Map Alaska Elymus ×palmerensis

deltate to suborbiculate, ± flat to convex at anthesis, 4–10 mm wide, apex retuse or not, surfaces glabrous; presence of cleistogamous flowers not determined

limb ± deltate, ± flat at anthesis, 1.2–1.4 mm wide, margins ciliate, apex retuse, glabrous or adaxial surface sparsely pubescent basally; presence of cleistogamous

serrate to nearly dentate, major teeth acute to obtuse or rounded, apex often retuse or obcordate, or occasionally rounded; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely

petals orange proximally, pale-yellow to yellow distally, 2–8 (–10) mm, apex retuse; stamens 20–40, 1.5–5 mm, filaments monomorphic, filiform, unlobed; styles

× 0.5–1.1 mm, shorter than perigynia, margins ciliate,, apex truncate to retuse, scabrous-awned, awn longer than body. Staminate scales scabrous-awned,

usually orange, rarely yellow, proximally, yellow distally, (7–) 8–18 mm, apex retuse; stamens 20+, 5–11 mm, filaments monomorphic, filiform, unlobed; styles

pale-yellow, oblanceolate, 2–2.5 × 0.5–0.6 mm, base attenuate, apex obtuse or retuse, sparsely stellate-pubescent abaxially; filaments: median pairs not toothed

moreorless equal. Capsules elliptic to oblong, (2.5–) 5–6.5 mm, apex truncate to retuse. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Sandy, gravelly, or damp grassy places

sepals 2–6 mm; petals orange proximally, yellow distally, 5–11 (–13) mm, apex retuse; stamens 20+, 3–7 mm, filaments monomorphic, filiform, unlobed; styles 3

proximally, orange to yellow distally, 8–22 mm, apex mucronate, rounded, or retuse; stamens 20+, 4–11 mm, filaments monomorphic, filiform, unlobed; styles

red to orange proximally, orange to yellow distally, 4–7 (–10) mm, apex retuse; stamens 20+, 3–7 mm, filaments monomorphic, filiform, unlobed; styles (3–)

mm; petals orange proximally, yellow distally, 10–20 mm, apex rounded to retuse; stamens 20+, 4–13 mm, filaments monomorphic, filiform, unlobed; styles

usually absent. Pistillate scales shorter and narrower than perigynia, apex retuse, awn to 2 mm. Perigynia ascending, redbrown or whitish, angles veined, faces

rarely green, or blackish with age, 2-stratose; apex rounded or sometimes retuse, bluntly apiculate; costa percurrent, rarely subpercurrent or ending well

the proximal 3/4–7/8, entire, often laxly undulate; apices emarginate to retuse, occasionally truncate or acute; costa excurrent into a toothed, hyaline

(bright-yellow), obovate to elliptic, 8–14 mm, (sometimes with distinct claw, often retuse). Fruits (shortly stipitate), ± globose or ellipsoid, not or slightly inflated

secondary-veins curved, 8-9 on each side, apex ovate or triangular-lobed, often retuse; surfaces abaxially grayish or yellowish, with yellowish, erect branched

lobules; pedicels slender, 4–12 mm; capsules 5 mm. > 7 7 Lip rounded or retuse at apex, base with 2 small, pointed auricles; pedicels glandular-puberulent

mm, blade spatulate to obovate, base tapered, apex rounded, mucronate, or retuse; cauline 1–3 pairs, sessile, 20–58 × 8–23 mm, blade ovate to obovate or

obtuse or occasionally acute. Flowers: petals abaxially yellow, 6-9 mm broad, retuse. Heads of achenes hemispheric to ovoid, 7-9 mm; beak 1.8-2.2 mm. 2n = 32

margins entire or mucronate to remotely serrate, apex obtuse, rounded, or retuse, surfaces sparsely tomentose, quickly glabrescent; veins not prominently

than abaxial, puberulent, tip hooked, not bearded. Capsules 4–5 mm, apex retuse. Seeds 3–5, dark-brown, reniform, 1.5–2 mm, reticulate, not ridged. 2n =

entire to weakly denticulate distal to middle, teeth 9–16, apex truncate to retuse, abaxial surface pale green, sparsely strigillose, glabrescent, adaxial

elliptic, 1.5–3 × 0.7–1.7 cm, base cuneate, apex obtuse or, occasionally, retuse, surfaces darker green adaxially. Capsules 8 mm diam. Seeds 5–6 mm. 2n =

or serrulate, ciliate (hairs wavy), apex convex, acuminate, rounded, or retuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial highly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade

flat or slightly revolute, entire or serrulate, apex convex, rounded, or retuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial highly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade

(usually distally), apex usually rounded to obtuse, occasionally slightly retuse or obcordate proximally, bluntly mucronate, surfaces glabrous; venation

5–16 mm; floral bract brown or bicolor, 0.8–1.6 mm, apex rounded, convex or retuse, abaxially hairy throughout or proximally, hairs straight, curly, or wavy

cuneate, margins flat, entire, sometimes ciliate, apex convex, rounded, or retuse, abaxial surface not glaucous, glabrous, midrib sometimes pilose, hairs

5–10 mm; floral bract brown, black, tawny, or bicolor, 0.6–1.1 mm, apex retuse, abaxially hairy, hairs long-wavy or curly. Staminate flowers: adaxial nectary

cuneate or convex, margins flat or slightly revolute, entire, apex convex, retuse, or rounded, abaxial surface glabrous, pilose or sparsely long-silky to

reflexed at shoulders, often folded-falcate when wet, ligulate, apex rounded or retuse; margins bordered at shoulders and irregularly distally with hyaline cells

8–29 mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins entire, apex obtuse to weakly retuse, abaxial surface pale green, not glaucous, sometimes puberulent on midribs

oblong-obovate or ovate, 5–37 mm, not lobed, apex concave or truncate to retuse and apiculate, surfaces strigose-hirsute, oxalate deposits absent. Inflorescences

3–5.5 cm, membranous flaps 2; blade to 15 cm × 1–1.5 mm, apex obtuse or retuse; veins 3. Generative shoots lateral, mostly unbranched, with 1–5 spathes

pale-brown, apex short-convex, membranous or slightly thickened, rugose; ligule retuse, to 0.5 mm, free limb to 0.1 mm; blades 70 cm × 5 mm, tip not reaching inflorescence

margins entire or wider leaves distally toothed, apex rounded to slightly retuse, both surfaces persistently hirtellous to short-villous; 1-veined from base

4–6 (–15) mm, cauline linear, bractlike, margins entire (apices rounded to retuse), faces glabrous or sparsely hirsute, eglandular. Heads 1. Involucres 6–9

usually covering less than 1/2 abaxial surface, borders whitish, entire; apex retuse to rounded. Veins of ultimate segments evident. Sporangia short-stalked

sigmoid. Petals yellow. Fruits slightly wider than long, apex truncate or retuse; valves pubescent inside; septum ± perforate; ovules 4 (–8) per ovary; style

glabrous or puberulent, tip notably hooked, not bearded. Capsules 5–7 mm, apex retuse. Seeds 10–15, curved, light-brown, oblong, 18–25 mm, reticulate, ridged

acute; fertile scales obovate, 1.5–1.7 (–2) mm, apex broadly rounded or retuse, midrib excurrent as cusp or mucro to 0.5 mm. Flowers: bristles 6 or vestigial

less than 1/2 abaxial surface, borders whitish, crenulate; apex rounded or retuse. Veins of ultimate segments usually evident. Sporangia short-stalked, containing

pale-brown, blackish on older leaves, 1-stratose; apex rounded or rarely retuse, rarely short-apiculate; costa ending well before apex to 7/8 leaf length

3–4+ mm. Pistillate florets 5; corolla laminae oval to elliptic, 1–2 mm, retuse. Disc-florets 15–25+. Cypselae oblanceoloid to pyriform, 3.5–4 mm; pappuslike

paleas glabrous or puberulent between the veins, apices slightly dentate or retuse; anthers 1.7-2.2 mm. Generated Map Legacy Map Alaska ×Elyleymus colvillensis

or nearly round, 3–10 × 2–9 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded or retuse, surfaces glabrous. Pedicels stout, 0.1–3 mm, length less than 0.1 times

glabrous, margins with (pinkish purple) hyaline borders, apices usually rounded-retuse and minutely involute-cuspidate to apiculate. Florets 4–6; corolla-tubes

essentially glabrous, margins with hyaline borders, apices usually rounded-retuse and minutely involute-cuspidate to apiculate. Florets 3–5; corolla-tubes

as wide as marginal veins; perigynium beak mostly abruptly bent; achenes retuse at apex. Carex lativena 3 Achenes 3–3.5 × 1.9–2 mm, almost filling bodies

1.3–2.2 (–2.5) mm, base hastate-auriculate, apex obliquely 3-dentate or retuse with apiculum in sinus; disc deeply concave, 5-veined; column 0.2–0.5 ×

> 13 12 Lamellae crenulate in profile, the apical cells differentiated, retuse or flat-topped in cross-section > 14 13 Leaves with a distinct sheathing

obtuse or rounded. > 7 7 Leaf blade obovate to ±orbiculate, apex rounded to retuse or obcordate; moderately large introduced trees naturalized in ne United

Fruits 8-ribbed, or 4-angled, 5-9 mm wide; beak flattened, apex usually retuse or blunt, rarely acute. Cakile edentula

1 Bracts: lobes purple distally, apices rounded to retuse; calyx tubes 2–3 mm; filaments hairy throughout. Cordylanthus eremicus subsp. eremicus 1 Bracts:

Carex joorii 1 Perigynia indistinctly veined or veinless; pistillate scales retuse. > 2 2 Faces of perigynia weakly veined; achenes rhomboid, length and width

projecting knobs along the margins, the marginal cells in section rather narrow, retuse, thick-walled, brownish, smooth; sheath cells rather short rectangular,

sigmoid. Petals yellow. Fruits slightly wider than long, apex truncate or retuse; valves pubescent inside; septum fenestrate; ovules 4–6 per ovary; style

obovate, (3.5–) 5–7 × 2–3.5 mm, base cuneate, apex obtuse, truncate, or retuse; ovules 4–12 per ovary; style (0.2–) 0.3–0.5 (–0.6) mm. Seeds golden brown

petals (yellow to orange-yellow), obovate to cuneate, 4–7 mm, (apex sometimes retuse). Fruits globose or subglobose, not or slightly inflated, (2–) 3–5 (–7)

attenuate to cuneate, apex obtuse to rounded, occasionally very slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially, midvein glabrous or

apex rounded, middle lobe broadly subquadrangular, margins undulate, apex retuse; disc with multiple longitudinal ribs, central tuft of retrorse scales,

linear, (0.7–) 1–3 (–4) cm × 1.5–6 (–8) mm, base cuneate, apex rounded to retuse. Racemes 0.3–2 (–3) cm in fruit. Fruiting pedicels (4–) 5–9 (–11) mm. Flowers:

0.4–2.8 (–3.5) × 0.2–1 (–1.7) cm, base acute to cuneate, apex obtuse to retuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent abaxially, midvein glabrous or

margins revolute, apex rounded or bluntly acute, occasionally ultimately retuse, surfaces with numerous, tiny glands, hairs scattered, erect or recurved

sometimes inconspicuously denticulate, apex usually acute to obtuse, sometimes retuse. Flowers: buds with unequal free tips 5–11 mm; floral-tube (50–) 70–140

or revolute basally, apex acuminate to bluntly acute or rounded, or tip retuse, surfaces with numerous small glands, glabrate or hairs scattered, appressed

base, glabrous elsewhere, awned, awns 1-3 mm; paleas with ciliate keels and retuse to bidentate apices; anthers 2-3 mm. ×Elyleymus jamesensis comprises hybrids

pale-brown, apex truncate or short-convex, membranous or hyaline, rugose; ligule retuse or rounded, to 2 mm, free limb to 0.2 mm; blades 120 cm × 5 mm, longer than

toward apex, lamina gulletlike, cuneate, rhomboid, 4–5 × ± 3 cm, with apical retuse lobule; disc with central tuft of retrorse scales, several lines of short

base cordate to narrowly cuneate, margins plane, apex usually rounded to retuse, rarely acute to obtuse, midrib with 3–5 pairs of branches, tertiary-veins

orange proximally, yellow distally, 3–7 (–8) mm, apex usually acute, rarely retuse; stamens 20+, 3–5 mm, filaments monomorphic, filiform, unlobed; styles 2–5

calyx margins; lobe apex usually truncate to shallowly convex, shallowly retuse, throat open. Styles glabrous. Anthers included, white-villous, thecae spreading

revolute or folded, margins moderately to deeply lobed, lobes rounded or retuse distally, sinuses extending 1/3-7/8 distance to midrib, secondary-veins

petals cuneate, 6.5–8 mm, (slightly expanded at base, margins sinuate, apex retuse or entire). Fruits (sessile or substipitate), oblong or broadly elliptic

ca. 7 mm, (sometimes slightly narrowed to a broad claw, apex sometimes retuse). Fruits subglobose to broadly obovoid, strongly inflated (often slightly

Leaves with pit-domatia on distal margins and apex, blade apex rounded to retuse; petioles without nectar glands; inflorescences axillary, spikes, not in

ferruginous; pistillate flowering branchlets 1-9 mm; floral bracts: apex rounded to retuse. Salix boothii 86 Juvenile blades pilose to villous abaxially; stigmas slenderly

perennial; anthers at least 1.3 mm. > 4 3 Apex of perianth blades obtuse to retuse, with abaxial, subapical, retrorsely barbellate bristle; prairie provinces

emerging from basal nodes on long peduncles to 13 cm; pistillate scales retuse to obtuse, cuspidate; perigynia 3.7–6 mm; leaves dark green, equaling or

rounded to decurrent, margins crenate, apex subacute to obtuse, rounded, or retuse. Inflorescences 1 per stem, 4–22-flowered; peduncular bracts 1–5, oblong-ovate

flowering branchlet 11–160 mm; floral bract 1.4–4 mm, apex acute, rounded, retuse, or truncate, entire or toothed, abaxially hairy throughout or proximally

(3–) 4–6 mm, apex broadly acute or acuminate; petals 6–9 × 5–9 mm, apex ± retuse; stamens 15–20, filaments 0.8–1.2 mm, anthers 0.8–1.2 mm; carpels 20–50

apex acute; petals 4–6 (–8) × 3.5–6.5 (–8) mm, apex rounded to slightly retuse; stamens ca. 20, filaments 0.5–2 mm, anthers 0.4–1 mm; carpels 20–40, styles

spatulate or oblong, 6.5–10.5 (–15) mm, (base sometimes widened, apex rounded or retuse). Fruits (sessile or substipitate), subglobose to slightly ovoid, usually

(2–) 3–5 mm, apex broadly acute; petals (2–) 4–6 × (1.5–) 3–6 mm, apex ± retuse; stamens 15–20, filaments 2–3.8 mm, anthers 0.4–0.6 mm; carpels 4–8 (–20)

broadly acute to obtuse; petals 7–9 (–12) × 6–9 (–11) mm, apex usually ± retuse; stamens ca. 20, filaments (0.5–) 1–2.5 (–2.8) mm, anthers (1–) 1.3–2 mm;

sepals 4–6 mm, apex broadly acute; petals 4–7 × 3–6 mm, apex rounded to ± retuse; stamens ca. 20, filaments 0.5–2 mm, anthers 0.6–1 mm; carpels 20–50, styles

3-foliolate, if compound then leaflets undivided, margins crenate; petals retuse. Ranunculus orthorhynchus var. bloomeri 1 Basal leaves 3–5-foliolate, leaflets

narrowly obovate (usually widest distal to middle), apices usually truncate or retuse, abaxial surfaces pale green but not glaucescent. Pyracantha koidzumii

Syntrichia montana 15 Distal laminal cells 12-23 µm > 16 16 Leaf apex truncate, retuse, or emarginate; costa yellowish to brownish, not serrulate near the apex

distinctly inflated; seeds filling only proximal portions of fruit; leaf blades retuse or shallowly emarginate at apex; plants short-lived perennial or annual

Legacy Map Alta., B.C., Alaska, Idaho, Oreg., Wash. With the exception of the retuse tepals, the characteristics by which C. L. Hitchcock (1944) distinguished

slightly un­equal, lower pair slightly shorter and narrower, apex rounded or retuse; filaments white or pink, 6–11 mm; anthers dark red, oblong or elliptic-oblong

differs by its slightly smaller laminal cells and in the absence of truncate-retuse vaginant laminae in the perichaetial leaves. None. None. "/2" is not declared

subentire leaves, differing chiefly by the rounded-quadrate, flat-topped (not retuse or grooved) and scarcely-thickened marginal cells of the lamellae. The capsules

wider stems, leaves, and bracts, and the outer tepals have emarginate to retuse apices. Southeastern populations of S. mucronatum tend to be more scabrous

pallidisetum the terminal cells of the lamellae are flat-topped to shallowly retuse, and in side view the lamellae are crenulate, their marginal cells not notably

pistillate catkins 1.4–4.1 times as long as broad, floral bract apices rounded or retuse, nectaries narrowly oblong to ovate or flask-shaped, staminate nectaries

papillae > 13 13 Petal apices strongly 2-fid. Berteroa 13 Petal apices rounded, retuse, or emarginate > 14 14 Cauline leaf blade trichomes exclusively malpighiaceous

the marginal cells in cross-section broadened, flat-topped to shallowly retuse. Specimens identified as Polytrichum gracile var. anomalum, found in the

Erigeron hyperboreus 6 Leaves glabrous or sparsely hirsute (apices rounded to retuse); disc corollas2.4–3.2 mm Erigeron melanocephalus 7 Proximal leaves narrowly