oblong-ovate to ovatelanceolate or ovate to suborbiculate, 1.6–12 × 1.2–5 (–7) cm, base usually broadly rounded to subcordate, sometimes obtuse, margins
7 KB (522 words) - 14:17, 30 July 2020
glandular-pubescent, throat gradually to abruptly inflated, rarely slightly inflated, constricted or not at orifice, rounded abaxially, sometimes slightly 2-ridged; stamens
21 KB (880 words) - 19:09, 29 July 2020
scabrous, 7-veined, veins inconspicuous, apices rounded to acute, sometimes toothed, unawned or awned, awns to 2 mm; paleas about as long as the lemmas; anthers
7 KB (884 words) - 02:43, 30 July 2020
elliptic to ovate, broadly obovate, or orbiculate, (0.4–) 1–10 × 0.4–4 cm, base narrowly cuneate or attenuate, margins entire, apex obtuse or rounded to acute
13 KB (1,003 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
tomentose to pannose, sometimes glabrate or glabrous, usually resin-gland-dotted (sometimes ± pitted), adaxial faces ± scabrellous or glabrate, sometimes resin-gland-dotted
13 KB (807 words) - 20:05, 29 July 2020
limbidia absent; apex broadly rounded, obtuse, or acute, occasionally apiculate from obtuse or rounded apex, sometimes blunt from acute apex, acumen not
17 KB (800 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
apices usually truncate to rounded-truncate, sometimes truncate-penicillate (appendages essentially 0). Cypselae prismatic to obconic or fusiform, obscurely
10 KB (537 words) - 21:25, 29 July 2020
broadly rounded or deltate, 3–8 mm, margins entire or erosulate, apex rounded to subacute, surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences compact corymbs (sometimes subracemose
9 KB (588 words) - 19:25, 29 July 2020
adaxially rounded, sometimes with 1–4 abaxial ridges, ridges with or without wings, surfaces smooth to ± papillate to ± tuberculate, sometimes with red punctate
19 KB (1,182 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
hilum and micropyle prominent, surfaces sharply to bluntly muricate or with rounded pebbling, sometimes with iridescent, membranous coat. Mainly Southern
8 KB (426 words) - 05:45, 30 July 2020
more crowded distally, sometimes forming terminal rosettes, sometimes incurved upwards, usually crisped or contorted, sometimes undulate when dry, spreading
16 KB (638 words) - 07:40, 30 July 2020
sometimes stipitate-glandular distally. Leaves basal (sometimes persistent to flowering) and cauline; petiolate (often basal and proximal, sometimes distal
62 KB (1,546 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
slightly plicate, not much longer than broad, 0.9–1.2 mm; apex rounded-obtuse to sometimes acute or short-acuminate. Branch leaves remote, elliptic or broadly
6 KB (634 words) - 07:45, 30 July 2020
withering by flowering, sessile, blades elliptic to obovate, 100–200 × 20–50 mm, bases rounded to ± clasping, sometimes auriculate, apices acute; distal sessile
9 KB (691 words) - 21:09, 29 July 2020
adaxially), elliptic to oblanceolate or ovate, 16–76 × 10–54 mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins plane, apex usually rounded to obtuse, sometimes retuse, abaxial
7 KB (540 words) - 13:04, 30 July 2020
blade spatulate, 2.5–16 cm, base decurrent, attenuate to cuneate, apex rounded to obtuse, sometimes apiculate. Inflorescences terminal, racemose, pedunculate;
6 KB (469 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
oblong-ovate to ovate, 25+ mm wide, leathery, base cuneate, truncate, or rounded to lobate, sometimes cordate, margins crenate, teeth apices acute to rounded, surfaces
6 KB (472 words) - 19:22, 29 July 2020
hairy; distal sometimes 3-nerved, glabrous or sparsely to densely scabrous, strigillose, or villous, sometimes stipitate-glandular, sometimes resinous. Heads
18 KB (1,000 words) - 21:32, 29 July 2020
green-tipped, outer narrowly ovate, inner nearly linear, apices rounded to subacute (sometimes slightly resinous). Ray-florets usually 7–14. Disc-florets 3–6;
5 KB (577 words) - 21:31, 29 July 2020
maturity, barely to abruptly ampliate, tubes shorter to longer than funnelform to campanulate throats, lobes 5, usually erect to spreading, sometimes ± reflexed
20 KB (1,017 words) - 22:19, 29 July 2020
perennial; cespitose, sometimes shortly rhizomatous. Culms 10-150 cm, slender to stout, erect to decumbent, rarely prostrate. Sheaths open, rounded, glabrous, sometimes
11 KB (1,013 words) - 03:13, 30 July 2020
abaxial lip, abaxial lobes 0 or 3, adaxial 2, adaxial lip galeate, rounded at apex, sometimes obscurely so, opening downward; stamens 4, didynamous, filaments
9 KB (389 words) - 18:58, 29 July 2020
apex obtuse to broadly rounded to sometimes acute or subtruncate; cauline green, sometimes proximal suffused with red or purple, linear to linear-lanceolate
11 KB (725 words) - 18:53, 29 July 2020
bracteoles persistent, ovate to lanceolate, 0–1.5 mm, membranous, margins entire or laciniate, sometimes ciliate, apex rounded or acute to acuminate. Flowers all
12 KB (865 words) - 09:39, 30 July 2020
(prominent, 5–9–15 mm), apex rounded to acute, sometimes acuminate; petiole (usually reddish), shallowly grooved, or convex to flat adaxially, 6–20 mm, short-silky
12 KB (943 words) - 11:59, 30 July 2020
florets. Glumes elliptic, apices rounded to obtuse, sometimes erose; lower glumes 1.2-2.2 mm; upper glumes 2-3.8 mm, rounded; rachilla internodes 0.6-3.5 mm;
9 KB (1,057 words) - 03:31, 30 July 2020
or 6, connate in column. Capsule dry, dehiscent. Seeds flattened or rounded, sometimes winged. x = 6, 7, 8. Nearly worldwide Species ca. 300 (12 in the flora)
10 KB (491 words) - 08:21, 30 July 2020
slightly glaucous to strongly gray-glaucous, shiny or dull, elliptic to ovate, 2–4.5 × 1–2.5 cm, base cuneate to rounded, sometimes ± lobed or truncate
9 KB (736 words) - 13:15, 30 July 2020
(often keeled, sometimes flat to convex), linear to elliptic, lanceolate to ovate, or obovate to spatulate, unequal, chartaceous, outer sometimes herbaceous
12 KB (864 words) - 21:46, 29 July 2020
tapering to styles; ovules 2–36 per ovary; styles connate or distinct; stigmas usually flat, abaxially non-papillate, tip rounded, sometimes stigmas cylindrical
14 KB (582 words) - 12:06, 30 July 2020
subpetiolate, or sessile (bases sometimes connate-perfoliate); blades lanceolate, ovate, rhombic, or rounded-deltate, sometimes pinnatifid, ultimate margins
8 KB (531 words) - 23:21, 29 July 2020
attenuate to cuneate, margins usually entire, sometimes slightly crenate, apex obtuse to rounded (sometimes apiculate), surfaces glabrous, sometimes obscurely
7 KB (365 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
oblong-obovate to nearly round, sometimes oblongelliptic, apex rounded or ± pointed, sometimes shallowly emarginate, adaxial lip slightly to moderately spreading
14 KB (1,053 words) - 19:25, 29 July 2020
sparsely ciliate, ± glandular, blades ovate to elliptic-ovate, 70–120 × 40–65 mm, bases rounded to sometimes slightly oblique; proximal cauline long-petiolate
12 KB (793 words) - 22:20, 29 July 2020
bisexual or, sometimes, pistillate; perianth actinomorphic, globose to oblong; perianth segments connate proximally or to middle, abaxially rounded, sometimes
7 KB (536 words) - 09:40, 30 July 2020
recurved or squarrose, straight or falcate, narrowly to broadly triangular or rounded-triangular, sometimes ovate, not plicate, longer than 1 mm; base decurrent;
8 KB (476 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
mm wide, apex subacute or obtuse, sometimes shallowly retuse, adaxial lobes broadly oblong and rounded, apex sometimes emarginate or shallowly retuse. 2n
6 KB (667 words) - 19:25, 29 July 2020
mostly rounded, apex sometimes acuminate or emarginate, proximal 3 petals 2 × 2 cm, distal 2 petals usually entire, 2.5–5 × 1–1.8 cm, claw to 1.5 cm,
7 KB (529 words) - 12:04, 30 July 2020
margins scarious, entire or fimbriate (apices acute to obtuse or rounded), abaxial faces sometimes villous, viscid, and/or stipitate-glandular. Receptacles
9 KB (550 words) - 21:44, 29 July 2020
surface, sometimes glandular distally, glands 1–2, discoid; blade broadly ovate, oblong, or suborbiculate, 1.9–4.5 × 1.2–3.4 cm, base usually rounded to truncate
7 KB (563 words) - 14:19, 30 July 2020
acuminate or acute to rounded; lobes spreading, linear to lanceolate, lateral lobes almost as wide as mid-blade, apex acute to rounded. Inflorescences 3–25
12 KB (752 words) - 18:50, 29 July 2020
of the inner appressed, rounded to truncate (sometimes slightly white-petaloid or expanded). Corollas purplish to light blue to nearly white or slightly
5 KB (452 words) - 22:58, 29 July 2020
ovate, 50–95 × 19–31 mm, bases usually rounded to attenuate, sometimes cuneate, rarely subcordate, margins serrate to serrulate; distal winged-petiolate or
12 KB (886 words) - 21:05, 29 July 2020
nerves proximally in S. riddellii). Heads in flat-topped to rounded corymbiform arrays, sometimes glomerulate. Phyllaries striate with 3–7 nerves (except
7 KB (600 words) - 21:42, 29 July 2020
eciliate or ciliolate to erose-ciliolate, flat or convex, sometimes weakly keeled, apices acute to obtuse or rounded, sometimes apiculate, flat, faces
9 KB (684 words) - 21:47, 29 July 2020
perianth segments connate proximally (sometimes forming fleshy disk), succulent or thin, abaxially flat or rounded, sometimes distally hooded, and/or with abaxial
7 KB (594 words) - 09:39, 30 July 2020
obtuse, rounded, or acute, abaxial surface usually pale green, sometimes gray-green, sometimes glaucous, glabrate to hirtellous, adaxial surface dark green
6 KB (484 words) - 18:31, 29 July 2020
triangular-ovate to lanceolate, 0.5–2.5 cm × 3–10 mm, 2–4 mm thick, apex rounded to subacute or obtuse. Flowers with musky, sweet odor; petals connate to 1 mm, widely
6 KB (562 words) - 13:02, 30 July 2020
crisped when dry, 1–2 mm; base not or short-decurrent; apex obtuse, rounded, or sometimes acute, apiculate; costa percurrent or subpercurrent; medial laminal
6 KB (663 words) - 07:40, 30 July 2020
alpinum), outer 5 (–8) herbaceous to scarious, inner 5–8 ± scarious to membranous. Receptacles flat to conic; paleae cuneate to flabelliform, scarious or membranous
10 KB (645 words) - 23:10, 29 July 2020
usually crenate to serrate, sometimes subentire, apex shortly acuminate to rounded, sometimes retuse, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes glabrescent on
6 KB (458 words) - 12:03, 30 July 2020
(basal) or sessile (usually appressed to ascending); blades usually 1-nerved, sometimes 3-nerved or 5-nerved, mostly linear to ovatelanceolate, margins entire
24 KB (826 words) - 22:52, 29 July 2020
central lobe apex mostly rounded to truncate, sometimes with 5 or so very shallow teeth. Calyces proximally light green to sometimes purple, distally colored
8 KB (656 words) - 18:53, 29 July 2020
of calyx length; lobes poorly developed, if present, rounded, apex rounded to truncate, sometimes emarginate. Corollas straight or slightly curved, (24–)
9 KB (696 words) - 18:55, 29 July 2020
20–25% of calyx length; lobes oblong to triangular, abaxials sometimes wider than adaxials, apex acute to rounded, inner surface glabrous. Corollas straight
9 KB (725 words) - 18:54, 29 July 2020
lanceolate-ovate, apex ± acute to rounded or obtuse, sometimes retuse or emarginate, adaxial lip ± spreading, 10–15 (–18) mm, lobes broadly deltate to ovate or oblong
12 KB (756 words) - 19:25, 29 July 2020
spreading to ascending, linear, sometimes expanded near tip, long, arising from ca. mid length, central lobe apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes expanded
11 KB (743 words) - 18:50, 29 July 2020
obovate, 7–50 (–60) × 3–20 (–26) mm, base usually rounded to acute, sometimes cuneate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces pubescent, hairs incurved. Racemes
9 KB (667 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
green zones elliptic to lanceolate, apices acute to rounded, faces glabrous or puberulent. Ray-florets 15–60; corollas violet to purple, laminae 8–18 (–20)
9 KB (786 words) - 21:09, 29 July 2020
campanulate, sometimes turbinate-campanulate, 5–10 × 6–9 (–12) mm (bases mostly rounded to impressed, sometimes obtuse). Phyllaries usually creamy white, sometimes
7 KB (639 words) - 20:43, 29 July 2020
inconspicuous, smooth, apices rounded to acute, sometimes mucronate; sterile florets 2, equal or subequal, 2-4.5 mm, 1/3 or more the length of the bisexual
6 KB (965 words) - 02:41, 30 July 2020
flexuous, margins not thickened, herbaceous, smooth, apex green, rounded to truncate, sometimes apiculate, shiny, glabrous; axillary leaves present among vegetative
8 KB (677 words) - 10:20, 30 July 2020
15–60 (–90) × 8–25 (–39) mm, blade oblanceolate to obovate, base tapered, apex rounded to obtuse, sometimes mucronate; cauline 3–7 pairs, short-petiolate
8 KB (709 words) - 19:08, 29 July 2020
sheaths smooth, scabridulous, or hairy; auricles to 1 mm; ligules 0.5-1 mm, rounded to obtuse, sometimes erose; blades 15-20 cm long, 5-7 mm wide, glaucous
7 KB (1,001 words) - 03:05, 30 July 2020
ovoid to broadly ovoid, 6–14.5 × 2.5–9.2 mm, base rounded to attenuate, apex truncate, rounded, or sometimes tapered. Pistillate scales gold to brown and
8 KB (723 words) - 01:56, 30 July 2020
scarious at anthesis, margins entire, apex rounded or sometimes emarginate; petals 5–8, pale-rose-pink, oblanceolate to broadly obovate, 13–18 mm, apex obtuse;
5 KB (410 words) - 09:45, 30 July 2020
mats, white-green to silver-green. Stems 0.2–1 cm, strongly rounded julaceous or sometimes gemmiform. Leaves erect when moist, ovate to ovatelanceolate,
7 KB (720 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
cuneate or rounded, margins entire or remotely serrulate, sometimes wavy, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes mucronate. Flowers: sepals reddish, rounded; petals
4 KB (390 words) - 18:14, 29 July 2020
Leaf-blades narrowly ovate to orbiculate, distal blades sometimes lanceolate, 2-8 × 1-6 cm, base nearly cordate to rounded, sometimes cuneate in distal leaves
5 KB (327 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
or equal to petals, sometimes longer. Drupes 1, greenish yellow to yellowish or orange to bright or dark red, reddish-brown, or dark purple to black, globose
43 KB (1,828 words) - 14:17, 30 July 2020
Stem-leaves triangular-lingulate to lingulate; 0.8–1.2 mm; apex rounded and sometimes erose; hyaline cells nonseptate or sometimes septate, usually fibrillose
5 KB (552 words) - 07:03, 30 July 2020
cm, thin to coriaceous, firm to floppy, base narrowly cuneate to rounded, lobes 0 or 1–3 per side, sinuses usually shallow, lobe apex acute to obtuse, margins
22 KB (1,233 words) - 13:46, 30 July 2020
suborbiculate to broadly ovate, rarely oblongelliptic, (8–) 12–50 (–78) × (4–) 8–35 (–64) mm, membranous to coriaceous, base cuneate to rounded, rarely ± cordate
10 KB (710 words) - 14:15, 30 July 2020
coriaceous, 1-veined, acute to acuminate; functional florets: calluses usually inconspicuous and flat to rounded, sometimes conspicuous and stipelike, glabrous;
12 KB (1,042 words) - 02:56, 30 July 2020
apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes acute. Calyces whitish with green veins or green, sometimes purple, distally same color as bracts, sometimes with yellowish
10 KB (682 words) - 18:52, 29 July 2020
crenate-dentate, apex rounded or obtuse, sometimes subacute. Cauline leaves: blade ovate to triangular, margins crenate-dentate. Flowers: filaments to 1.5 mm, often
3 KB (440 words) - 19:22, 29 July 2020
Association Plants to 40 cm. Leaves usually appressed (to stems); blade mostly lanceolate-ovate, scalelike, 1–2 (–3+) mm, surfaces densely sericeous to tomentose
4 KB (337 words) - 11:40, 30 July 2020
1/2–3/4 their lengths, obovate to oblanceolate, 4–6 mm, apices acuminate, acute, obtuse, or rounded; inner 3–5, obovate to oblanceolate, 2.5–4.5 mm, apices
7 KB (620 words) - 22:37, 29 July 2020
not decurrent; margins narrowly to broadly recurved or rarely nearly plane, 1-stratose; apex obtuse or rounded, sometimes acuminate or acute, apiculate or
6 KB (442 words) - 07:40, 30 July 2020
base subcordate, cordate, rounded, or convex, margins slightly revolute or flat, entire, sometimes ciliate, apex convex, rounded, acuminate, acute, or retuse
13 KB (835 words) - 12:25, 30 July 2020
auricles absent; ligules membranous or hyaline, acute to broadly rounded, erose, ciliate; blades flat to convolute. Inflorescences terminal panicles, dense
10 KB (870 words) - 03:30, 30 July 2020
blades ovate to lanceovate or lanceolate, 25–120 × 15–50 mm, bases usually shallowly, sometimes deeply, cordate to truncate or rounded, apices acute,
13 KB (1,002 words) - 21:04, 29 July 2020
taproots, sometimes fibrous. Stems usually erect, sometimes prostrate to ascending (underground stems sometimes woody caudices or rhizomes, sometimes fleshy)
275 KB (5,940 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
axillary leaf fascicles sometimes present); petiolate or sessile; blades (green to grayish; midnerves obscure to prominent, sometimes with 2 collateral veins)
23 KB (1,156 words) - 22:11, 29 July 2020
longisection); sepals erect, (sometimes rusty brown), elliptic to ovate, margins eciliate or sparsely glandular-ciliate, glabrous or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular;
6 KB (557 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
slightly fleshy, margins entire, eciliate or sometimes sparsely glandular-ciliate, apex rounded, sometimes acute, surfaces glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular
6 KB (588 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
(hairs crinkly). Heads in corymbiform arrays (flat-topped to rounded, often layered, sometimes incorporating relatively long, leafy, lateral branches, clusters
6 KB (536 words) - 20:43, 29 July 2020
sheaths adaxially white-hyaline, summits U-shaped or rounded, sometimes prolonged beyond collar and rounded; distal ligules 1–3 mm; blades (2–) 3–5 per fertile
7 KB (688 words) - 01:57, 30 July 2020
narrowly attenuate or cuneate, margins sometimes with few teeth distally, apex obtuse to rounded; distal leaves sometimes completely unlobed. Flowers: perianth
5 KB (541 words) - 09:32, 30 July 2020
6.5–13 × 3.5–6 (–8) cm, base usually rounded, sometimes slightly cordate, rarely tapered, apex usually rounded or acute, rarely with short cusp, surfaces
8 KB (767 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
paniculata), apex acute to obtuse or rounded; venation pinnate or palmate. Inflorescences thyrses or, sometimes, cymes, sometimes solitary flowers, terminal
21 KB (1,151 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
dark-brown, obovoid to obpyriform, compressed trigonous, angles evident to obscure, 0.7–1 × 0.65–0.8 mm, neck absent to sometimes long, finely rugulose
10 KB (812 words) - 01:25, 30 July 2020
(1.8–) 2.2–3 (–4.2) cm, base usually rounded, sometimes truncate to subcordate, unlobed, margins finely to coarsely doubly serrate, apex acuminate, abaxial
7 KB (580 words) - 14:15, 30 July 2020
densely pubescent below and glabrous above, apices truncate to rounded or obtuse, sometimes retuse, unawned; paleas shorter than the lemmas, glabrous, splitting
5 KB (654 words) - 04:31, 30 July 2020
entire or remotely serrulate, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes mucronate. Phenology: Flowering early spring–summer; fruiting summer–winter. Habitat: Coastal
3 KB (390 words) - 18:18, 29 July 2020
teeth obtuse to rounded, sometimes mucronulate, faces glabrous or sparsely woolly, glabrescent; basal and proximal cauline blades ± fan-shaped to cuneate or
8 KB (659 words) - 20:51, 29 July 2020
adaxially hyaline, often green-veined nearly to collar, summits U or V-shaped or rounded, sometimes prolonged to 1.5 mm beyond collar; distal ligules 1–4 mm;
7 KB (652 words) - 01:57, 30 July 2020
indistinct, usually ovoid to broadly ovoid, 4.4–10.8 × 2.7–8.4 mm, base and apex acute to rounded. Pistillate scales redbrown or chestnut to coppery, with green
8 KB (712 words) - 01:55, 30 July 2020
(–22); corollas 5–6.5 mm. Cypselae tan to purple, 3.5–4 mm (7–8 ribbed), densely hairy; pappi off-white to brown, sometimes reddish, 5–6.5 mm. 2n = 36. Phenology:
7 KB (608 words) - 22:15, 29 July 2020
elliptic to obovate, 9–18 × 2.5–4 mm, midnerves prominent with 2 fainter, collateral nerves, (margins undulate) apices usually obtuse to rounded, sometimes
7 KB (601 words) - 22:16, 29 July 2020
pale green, speckled with pink, sometimes pink or red, glaucous, usually elliptic, oblanceolate, or obovate, sometimes ovate-elliptic, subterete, ± globular
7 KB (507 words) - 13:03, 30 July 2020
convex, or rounded; petiole shallowly grooved, or convex to flat adaxially, 1.5–3.8–9 mm, villous or pilose adaxially; largest medial blade (sometimes hemiamphistomatous)
10 KB (779 words) - 12:03, 30 July 2020
3–45 mm, base slightly to strongly oblique, truncate to cordate, margins sinuate and undulate, apex usually rounded, sometimes obtuse or acute, surfaces
4 KB (515 words) - 09:37, 30 July 2020
lanceovate or obovate to elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 40–200 × 4–40 mm, bases cuneate or sometimes slightly attenuate, sometimes rounded or slightly auriculate
13 KB (977 words) - 21:08, 29 July 2020
apex obtuse to rounded or truncate, sometimes emarginate, truncate, or acute, lateral ones acute to obtuse. Calyces colored as bracts, sometimes with a yellow
9 KB (682 words) - 18:53, 29 July 2020
margins sometimes slightly lobed, crenate, crenate-serrate, serrate, or entire, sometimes doubly serrate, apex rounded, broadly acute, sometimes apiculate
13 KB (764 words) - 14:33, 30 July 2020
persistent, sometimes readily falling, usually of scales (scales sometimes aristate, sometimes plumose), sometimes of awns or smooth, or barbellulate to barbellate
30 KB (1,803 words) - 22:30, 29 July 2020
usually cauline, sometimes mostly basal; alternate [opposite, whorled]; usually petiolate, sometimes sessile; margins entire or dentate to pinnatifid (often
79 KB (1,886 words) - 20:55, 29 July 2020
ciliate membrane; blades usually linear to lanceolate, occasionally ovate to triangular, bases sometimes pseudopetiolate (having a petiolelike constriction)
35 KB (1,876 words) - 02:36, 30 July 2020
elliptic to widely ovate, 12–45 × 6–20 mm, base obtuse to rounded, margins serrulate to denticulate, not revolute, usually not wavy, sometimes wavy, teeth
6 KB (460 words) - 18:32, 29 July 2020
entire, sometimes repand to pinnatifid; cauline petiolate or sessile, blade margins usually entire, sometimes repand to dentate. Racemes (few to several-flowered
40 KB (1,647 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
Leaf-blade broad-elliptic to nearly rounded or obovate, 3.7-16.7 × 2.5-13 cm, base strongly oblique and rounded, sometimes somewhat cuneate and weakly
9 KB (841 words) - 08:32, 30 July 2020
(2–) 4–6 (–9) µm; distal laminal cells short-rectangular, quadrate, rounded, or sometimes irregularly shaped, incrassate, not pitted, (5–) 12–17 (–23) × (4–)
10 KB (1,056 words) - 06:57, 30 July 2020
green to reddish, elliptic-oblong to nearly circular, slightly cupped to folded, 0.2–0.4 × 0.2–0.6 mm; appendages rudimentary to absent or white to reddish-tinged
9 KB (731 words) - 18:16, 29 July 2020
mm, tomentose, sometimes puberulent; blade elliptic, oval, or ovate, 2–5 × 1–2 cm, base cuneate or rounded, sometimes truncate-rounded, margins lobed or
13 KB (882 words) - 14:33, 30 July 2020
(–40) × 2–6 (–8) mm, base acute or cuneate, apex obtuse to rounded or, sometimes, acute proximally to mostly acute distally, surfaces glabrous. Racemes loosely
8 KB (675 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
hairy, hairs spreading to ± retrorse, short to long, soft to stiff, rarely stipitate-glandular. Leaves green to purple, linear to lanceolate, narrowly elliptic
13 KB (824 words) - 18:53, 29 July 2020
undulate, sometimes flat, 10–30 × 6–22 mm, base often oblique, obtuse, or round, margins sinuate, sometimes entire, apex narrowing to rounded tip, obtuse
7 KB (701 words) - 09:13, 30 July 2020
with 5-21 teeth 0-2 mm tipped with spines to 0.8-2.2 × 0.2-0.3 mm, apex acute or sometimes obtuse or rounded. Inflorescences racemose, dense, 30-60-flowered
7 KB (586 words) - 08:23, 30 July 2020
margins sometimes entire, usually serrate distal to middle, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes acute, short-apiculate; surfaces abaxially pale green, pilose
9 KB (584 words) - 08:43, 30 July 2020
acute to rounded, surfaces glabrous, sometimes with a few short hairs on veins abaxially. Peduncles 3.5–6 cm, glabrous. Flowers: sepals linear to linearlanceolate
7 KB (675 words) - 11:17, 30 July 2020
central lobe apex obtuse to rounded or truncate, sometimes acute, lateral ones acute to obtuse. Calyces proximally whitish to pale green, distally green, whitish
11 KB (725 words) - 18:55, 29 July 2020
branching, mostly rounded-pentagonal but occasionally rounded-triangular in section, hyalodermis usually absent, sclerodermis sometimes present, central
28 KB (882 words) - 07:00, 30 July 2020
spreading to reflexed when moist, oblong-ligulate, 2.2–4 mm; base broadly decurrent; margins plane, entire; apex obtuse, rounded, or sometimes acute, intact;
8 KB (718 words) - 07:56, 30 July 2020
scabridulous, or sparsely puberulent; ligules 0.2-1.5 mm, truncate to rounded, erose, sometimes ciliate, cilia about 0.05 mm; blades 0.9-3 mm wide, abaxial surfaces
8 KB (981 words) - 02:47, 30 July 2020
membranous to ± leathery, base rounded, sometimes obtuse to cuneate, margins multi-serrate to nearly 1-serrate, teeth (5–) 7–12 per side, acute to obtuse,
13 KB (1,180 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
(dull to highly glossy). Buds usually alba-type, sometimes caprea-type or intermediate, scale margins connate, (inner membranaceous layer sometimes free
52 KB (888 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
or ± 13, sometimes 0; corolla laminae 6–15 (–20) mm (usually yellow, ochroleucous to white in one variety). Cypselae usually glabrous, sometimes hirtellous
8 KB (580 words) - 21:12, 29 July 2020
and beneath the florets, sometimes below the glumes. Spikelets 0.7-50 mm, laterally compressed, sometimes weakly so, sometimes viviparous, usually with
45 KB (1,179 words) - 03:07, 30 July 2020
glabrous or sparsely hirsute; primary lobes lanceolate to obovate, apex obtuse or rounded, sometimes bristle-tipped. Inflorescences: scapes erect or curved
5 KB (431 words) - 08:28, 30 July 2020
glaucous, base rounded, subcordate, or, sometimes, cuneate at petiole insertion, margins entire, apex acute, mucronate. Umbels few-to-many, axillary to leaves
6 KB (345 words) - 06:14, 30 July 2020
filiform to subulate, 0.5–2 mm; petiole absent or nearly so; blade linear, 1–3 (–3.5) cm × 0.5–1.5 (–2) mm, base attenuate, apex rounded, sometimes apiculate
7 KB (666 words) - 10:14, 30 July 2020
cordate-rounded, sometimes cuneate, margins ± lobed, sometimes unlobed, serrate, sometimes doubly serrate or crenate-serrate, apex broadly acute or acute, sometimes
16 KB (972 words) - 14:33, 30 July 2020
surfaces sometimes scabridulous, adaxial surfaces sometimes sparsely papillose. Panicles 20-40 cm long, 2.5-8 cm wide; branches 4.2-14.7 cm, appressed to ascending
7 KB (919 words) - 03:34, 30 July 2020
3-branched, sometimes unbranched; pleiochasial bracts similar in shape and size to distal leaves, alternate; dichasial bracts distinct, obovate to oblanceolate
8 KB (563 words) - 18:33, 29 July 2020
appendages absent or hornlike, 2, slender with attenuate or rounded tips (thick with rounded and dilated tips in E. myrsinites). Staminate flowers 5–40
19 KB (827 words) - 18:28, 29 July 2020
petiolate or sessile, sometimes reduced to small scales, or fleshy; blade linear to broadly triangulate in outline, margins entire to serrate, serrate-dentate
21 KB (878 words) - 09:28, 30 July 2020
leaf length, slightly to occasionally strongly concave, not to weakly plicate, 1.8–3 × 0.8–1.6 mm; base rounded, broadly or sometimes narrowly decurrent;
9 KB (713 words) - 07:47, 30 July 2020
papillate to hairy (at least distally, sometimes ± throughout), “branches” often connate, adaxially continuously stigmatic ± to tips, apices rounded to acute
15 KB (836 words) - 20:05, 29 July 2020
elliptic or obovate to oblanceolate, 20–35 (–90) × 10–40 (–50) mm, lengths 2–4+ times widths, bases cuneate to rounded (sometimes ± clasping), margins
6 KB (555 words) - 20:15, 29 July 2020
older bracts sometimes aging orange to yellow on plants with red bracts; lobes linear to oblong, medium length, apex rounded, sometimes truncate or acute
4 KB (679 words) - 18:53, 29 July 2020
2–21 mm, base acute to cuneate, margins plane, apex obtuse or rounded, sometimes retuse, abaxial surface sparsely strigose (hairs white to gray, rarely tawny)
8 KB (599 words) - 13:04, 30 July 2020
decussate, spreading to ascending, shortly petiolate or sessile; blade pale yellow-green to dark green, not glaucous, obovate to obovate-spatulate or elliptic
8 KB (692 words) - 13:02, 30 July 2020
rarely with few scattered teeth, (apex rounded or obtuse, sometimes with apical mucro). Cauline leaves: blade spatulate to oblanceolate, 1–3 cm, margins entire
7 KB (820 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
lanceolate to narrowly oblong, base rounded or truncate, sometimes cuneate, margins sparsely denticulate, apex acuminate to, sometimes, rounded. Flowers
5 KB (643 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
crenulate-serrulate, or serrate, teeth blunt, glandular, apex usually obtuse to rounded, sometimes emarginate, surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences 1–3-flowered, umbellate
7 KB (504 words) - 14:20, 30 July 2020
blades 30–100 (–130) × 3–15 (–30) mm, bases cuneate, rounded or sometimes ± auriculate, margins sometimes serrate, scabrous. Heads in open, corymbiform, paniculiform
11 KB (834 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
broad, margins scarious, sometimes broadly so, entire or fimbriate, apices usually acute, rarely obtuse to rounded, sometimes cuspidate, abaxial faces
13 KB (1,224 words) - 21:44, 29 July 2020
parallel at the middle of the leaf; the apex is rounded to subacute, and the base is gradually attenuate to cuneate. There are some herbarium specimens of
11 KB (1,042 words) - 18:32, 29 July 2020
elliptic, 4–9 (–12) mm; margins green or sometimes reddish, 1-stratose or 2-stratose; apex rounded or retuse, sometimes emarginate, rarely weakly apiculate;
7 KB (603 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
rhizomatous, rarely stoloniferous. Culms usually trigonous, sometimes round. Leaves basal and cauline, sometimes all basal; ligules present; blades flat, V-shaped
80 KB (3,349 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
spurred, not scarious, (margins somewhat erose), apex widely rounded or truncate, sometimes emarginate. Flowering shoots erect, mostly simple, 16–25 cm;
7 KB (511 words) - 13:04, 30 July 2020
cm; blade ovatelanceolate, 2–5 × 0.7–2.7 cm, base rounded (sometimes asymmetric), margins crenate to serrate, apex acute. Inflorescences unisexual, axillary
7 KB (467 words) - 18:29, 29 July 2020
evenly curved to straight, hyaline margins 0.4–0.6 mm wide, apex usually extending as 2 rounded, sometimes erose lobes, ending 0–1.5 mm proximal to green apex
6 KB (546 words) - 06:04, 30 July 2020
subcordate, truncate, or rounded, margins crenate, dentate, serrate, or entire. Inflorescences axillary solitary (sometimes paired or clustered) often
13 KB (672 words) - 11:32, 30 July 2020
base rounded, apex obtuse to somewhat tapered, densely papillose with rounded white papillae, sometimes strongly glaucous; stipe to 0.2 mm; beak to 0.2
6 KB (617 words) - 02:06, 30 July 2020
distinct, and unequal, sometimes in 1–2 series, distinct or connate, and subequal to equal, margins (seldom prickly) and/or apices sometimes notably scarious
30 KB (805 words) - 20:06, 29 July 2020
broadly ovate to suborbiculate, (3–) 5–9 × (2–) 4–8 cm, base usually obtuse to rounded, sometimes truncate or subcordate, margins singly to doubly crenate-serrate
7 KB (545 words) - 14:20, 30 July 2020
campanulate to obconic; staminate 4–5 mm, pistillate 5–6 mm. Phyllaries ovate to lanceolate, 1–4 mm, margins scarious, medians green, apices rounded or obtuse
6 KB (576 words) - 21:24, 29 July 2020
authors use the term tube to refer to the entire corolla proximal to the limb. In most species, the basal part of the corolla, proximal to the point of adnation
20 KB (1,850 words) - 19:05, 29 July 2020
or pink to purplish, not yellow, not 2-lipped (sometimes ± zygomorphic), lobes (4–) 5, usually ± deltate to lanceovate, sometimes lanceolate to lance-linear;
17 KB (728 words) - 22:41, 29 July 2020
Zygodon); margins usually plane to revolute, rarely involute to erect, entire or sometimes denticulate near apex; apex rounded-obtuse, acute, occasionally
14 KB (382 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
on rhizomes; proximalmost cauline petiolate, sometimes present at flowering; proximal and distal sometimes 3-nerved. Heads in ± paniculiform or thyrsiform
3 KB (603 words) - 21:32, 29 July 2020
latiseptate (flattened parallel to septum) or angustiseptate (flattened at right angle to septum); gynophore usually absent, sometimes distinct; valves each not
107 KB (3,718 words) - 12:07, 30 July 2020
blades long-cuneate to lanceolate, (0.4–) 1–1.5 (–2) × 0.2–0.4 cm, 3-lobed (lobes to 1/3 blade lengths, rounded, margins sometimes entire, somewhat wavy)
6 KB (590 words) - 20:47, 29 July 2020
green to light green, contorted when dry, broadly obovate or elliptic, (2–) 3–5 (–7) mm; margins pale green or reddish, 2–4-stratose; apex rounded or sometimes
7 KB (497 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
cauline distinctly petiolate; blades (cauline) usually ovate to rounded-deltate, sometimes obovate to oblanceolate. Heads (3–) 8–12 (–40+). Phyllaries ± linear
4 KB (536 words) - 21:12, 29 July 2020
margins plane, flat to involute, 0–3-lobed, apex rounded; lobes ascending, oblong to rounded, apex truncate or rounded, sometimes ± acute. Inflorescences
8 KB (652 words) - 18:53, 29 July 2020
spongy, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes. Sheaths smooth to scabridulous, keeled, sometimes weakly so; ligules 1-4 mm, usually rounded, sometimes acute
10 KB (1,279 words) - 03:27, 30 July 2020
taproot or system to thick, branched roots. Stems few-to-many, erect to ascending, unbranched, sometimes branched distally, sometimes with leafy axillary
10 KB (775 words) - 18:53, 29 July 2020
wide, base convex, rounded, or cuneate, margins slightly revolute or flat, entire, ciliate, apex usually rounded or convex, sometimes retuse, abaxial surface
11 KB (826 words) - 12:21, 30 July 2020
bluntly rounded, to 0.7 × 0.5 mm, glabrous; stamens rarely 9. Capsules ellipsoid or slightly obovoid, (3–) 4–6 × 2.5–4 mm, base rounded or, sometimes, cuneate
9 KB (657 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
3–5-lobed, apex acuminate, acute, or rounded; lobes sometimes divergent, spreading-ascending, linear, apex obtuse to rounded. Inflorescences (2.5–) 5–15 × 1
9 KB (648 words) - 18:55, 29 July 2020
limbidium absent; apex broadly rounded to acute or rarely acuminate; costa not reaching apex or excurrent, apiculus sometimes present if costa not reaching
14 KB (818 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
pubescent to glabrate. Leaves: petiole 3-10 (-15) mm. Leaf-blade obovate to narrowly obovate, (25-) 40-80 (-135) × 20-40 (-80) mm, base cuneate to rounded-attenuate
8 KB (728 words) - 08:21, 30 July 2020
wide, base cordate, convex, rounded, subcordate, or, sometimes, cuneate, margins flat, serrate or serrulate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surface thickly
15 KB (1,489 words) - 12:00, 30 July 2020
green, elliptic to suborbiculate or ovate, (1.1–) 1.8–4 (–5.2) × (0.2–) 0.8–3 (–3.8) cm, ± leathery, base cuneate to rounded, margins sometimes slightly crenulate
9 KB (602 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
8–26 (–35) mm, base abruptly cuneate to rounded, sometimes subauriculate, margins entire or barely mucronulate to shallowly dentate-mucronulate, teeth
8 KB (598 words) - 19:00, 29 July 2020
petiolule 6–12 (–40) mm, blade ovate to narrowly or broadly elliptic, 30–45 (–65) × 15–30 (–45) mm, base rounded, sometimes slightly cuneate, margins 2-serrate
11 KB (900 words) - 13:50, 30 July 2020
erect or erect-incurved, sometimes with apices recurved when dry, ovatelanceolate, keeled distally, 1.5–2 mm, 1-stratose or sometimes 2-stratose in striae
7 KB (683 words) - 06:48, 30 July 2020
lance-oblong to oblanceolate-oblong, 50–100 × 13–30 mm, base attenuate to cuneate, margins entire, apex usually acute, sometimes obtuse to rounded, minutely
8 KB (613 words) - 18:24, 29 July 2020
perennial, sometimes biennial; hemiparasitic, caudex woody or fleshy, taprooted to fibrous-rooted or rhizomatous. Stems 1–200, strongly decumbent to erect,
79 KB (2,746 words) - 18:50, 29 July 2020
smooth, usually glabrous, sometimes with a few hairs near the base, principally along the veins, backs usually rounded, sometimes weakly keeled distally,
6 KB (858 words) - 03:14, 30 July 2020
America Association Plants 0.3–5 m, (sometimes forming clones by stem fragmentation or layering). Stems: branches (sometimes highly brittle at base), redbrown
13 KB (1,181 words) - 12:00, 30 July 2020
twisted and tangled, backs rounded, sometimes keeled distally, 5-veined, veins usually obscure, sometimes prominent, midveins sometimes reaching the margins
6 KB (870 words) - 03:14, 30 July 2020
gray-brown to brown, oblong-clavate, 2.8–4.2 × 1–1.5 mm (l/w: [2–] 2.2–3.5 [–3.8]), apex round to rounded-conic, minutely puberulent, sometimes minutely
8 KB (759 words) - 09:18, 30 July 2020
North America Association Trees to 40m; trunk to 0.9m diam.; crown spirelike. Bark gray, thin, smooth, with age thickening (to 18cm) and breaking into deep
10 KB (819 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
irregularly shallowly lobed, lobes rounded, sometimes obtuse, secondary-veins 4-6 (-8) on each side, apex narrowly or broadly rounded; surfaces abaxially loosely
7 KB (657 words) - 08:38, 30 July 2020
redbrown, sometimes yellowbrown, not to strongly glaucous, glabrous or villous; branchlets yellow-green, yellowbrown, or redbrown, densely villous to pubescent
16 KB (1,520 words) - 11:59, 30 July 2020
reniform or cordate to obovate or broadly oblong, lobed or 3-parted, 0.5-4.1 × 0.8-3.7 cm, segments again 1 (-2) ×-lobed, base obtuse to cordate, apices of
6 KB (541 words) - 08:29, 30 July 2020
often oblanceolate to obovate, (0–) 3-lobed; lobes spreading, linear to oblong, short to long, arising below mid length, apex rounded to truncate or acute
9 KB (803 words) - 18:53, 29 July 2020
distally, apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes acute; lobes sometimes divergent, ascending-spreading, linear, apex acute. Inflorescences 3–20 × 1.5–4 cm; bracts
9 KB (729 words) - 18:55, 29 July 2020
or perennial, sometimes biennial, rarely fleshy (Plantago maritima), autotrophic. Stems prostrate, decumbent, ascending, or erect, sometimes arching, creeping
26 KB (1,000 words) - 19:24, 29 July 2020
broadly convex-cuneate to attenuate, sometimes rounded, margins flat, sometimes remotely undulate, apices obtuse or acute, faces sparsely to moderately hispido-strigose
11 KB (1,187 words) - 21:57, 29 July 2020
apices are usually obtuse, rounded, or rounded-emarginate, sometimes short-acute or short-acuminate. Branchlets and, sometimes, raceme axes are rusty-hairy;
5 KB (623 words) - 14:18, 30 July 2020
surface green to purple, linear-lanceolate, 0.5–2 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, ± involute, 0 (–3) -lobed, apex acute to acuminate, sometimes rounded; lobes
8 KB (626 words) - 18:56, 29 July 2020
Fruiting bracteoles sessile, oval to obovate, 1.5–5.5 1.5–5 mm, apical tooth central to 2 rounded lobes, sometimes constricted basally, giving an overall
6 KB (767 words) - 09:36, 30 July 2020
ovate-oblong or oval to obovate, 1.5–2.5 × 1–2.5 mm, subentire to tridentate apically, median tooth largest, lateral lobes often rounded and sometimes constricted
6 KB (787 words) - 09:36, 30 July 2020
ones sometimes becoming pale-purple; lobes broadly linear to narrowly lanceolate, long, central lobe apex obtuse to rounded or truncate, sometimes emarginate
5 KB (658 words) - 18:53, 29 July 2020
Caudex branches short-to-elongate. Stems usually solitary, sometimes loosely tufted, (3–) 4–9 dm; base (1–) 2–4 mm diam., moderately to densely septate-glandular
8 KB (731 words) - 14:09, 30 July 2020
revolute, mostly entire, 1- to multistratose, acuminate, acute to rounded-obtuse, typically with a hyaline awn, sometimes muticous, costa single, rarely
13 KB (824 words) - 06:47, 30 July 2020
ovate to narrowly ovate or oblong, (10-) 15-35 (-50) × (5-) 10-20 (-30) mm, rather leathery, base cordate, rarely rounded, margins crispate, sometimes flat
7 KB (615 words) - 08:22, 30 July 2020
Phyllaries strongly unequal to subequal, outer sometimes ± foliaceous, green zones usually diamond-shaped to lanceolate, apices sometimes foliaceous. Ray (or pistillate)
7 KB (663 words) - 21:03, 29 July 2020
lemmas 1.7-11 mm, rounded to weakly or distinctly keeled, thinly membranous to chartaceous, glabrous or hairy on the keel and veins, sometimes the intercostal
9 KB (1,015 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 139. Mentioned on page 133, 135. Plants cushion-forming, rounded, sometimes mat-forming (then stems trailing), (stems slightly woody at base)
5 KB (473 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
similar to medial and distal cells; medial cells usually similar to distal cells; distal cells short to very long, hexagonal to rhomboidal, sometimes vermicular
20 KB (757 words) - 07:35, 30 July 2020
broadly keeled to convex), narrowly elliptic to linear-lanceolate, unequal to equal, margins scarious or not, faces hairy or glabrous, sometimes glandular.
97 KB (2,063 words) - 21:58, 29 July 2020
2001, but see Campbell 1985). Genera 17.01 to 17.34 correspond to the Eragrostideae and genera 17.35 to 17.53 to their Cynodonteae. The two are treated as
34 KB (1,217 words) - 04:33, 30 July 2020
or pubescent, sometimes glandular; caudex stems absent or woody, tightly compact to spreading and at or just below surface, or spreading to erect and above
22 KB (1,627 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
some Primula), sometimes somewhat succulent (Androsace), sometimes rhizomatous (Primula), sometimes stoloniferous (Primula), sometimes with glandular-hairs
12 KB (662 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
reference to length, refers to the combined pedicel and ovary. Flowers are not always borne on pedicels; when they are, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish
41 KB (2,210 words) - 05:19, 30 July 2020
cm, base rounded, truncate or sometimes obtuse, margins entire or denticulate, apex obtuse or acute. Inflorescences: bracts ovate or sometimes lanceolate
5 KB (487 words) - 08:37, 30 July 2020
Seeds 1–10 (–1000+), tan to yellowish-brown or brown, ellipsoid, ovoid or spheroidal, or fusiform to flattened, or oblong (sometimes 3-sided); testa thin (bony
33 KB (1,383 words) - 13:10, 30 July 2020
perennial, aquatic or terrestrial, sometimes fleshy, autotrophic. Stems erect or ascending to prostrate, 4-angled, sometimes winged. Leaves deciduous or persistent
12 KB (626 words) - 18:58, 29 July 2020
basally concentrated to evenly distributed; sheaths open, margins not fused, sometimes ciliate distally, basal sheaths sometimes concealing axillary panicles
18 KB (1,356 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
terete to laterally compressed; calluses glabrous, not well developed; lemmas lanceolate to ovate, rounded or keeled over the midvein, herbaceous to coriaceous
9 KB (822 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020
florets by up to 1 mm, 5-11-veined, not saccate, apices rounded to attenuate. Lower florets sterile or staminate; lower lemmas similar to the upper glumes;
26 KB (1,343 words) - 04:00, 30 July 2020
ovate to lanceolate, 50–150 × 20–60 (–70) mm, progressively reduced distally, bases shallowly cordate to subcordate, truncate, or rounded, sometimes oblique
12 KB (960 words) - 21:04, 29 July 2020
Pedicels free or fused to the rachis internodes. Pedicellate spikelets variable, some¬times similar to the sessile spikelets, sometimes differing in sexuality
31 KB (2,561 words) - 04:21, 30 July 2020
only) floret sometimes sterile; rachillas sometimes prolonged beyond the base of the distal floret. Glumes unequal to equal, shorter than to longer than
19 KB (1,548 words) - 02:55, 30 July 2020
fertile, sometimes styliferous and sterile, or neuter; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes pink to purple, red, brown, or white (sometimes sessile
21 KB (800 words) - 22:59, 29 July 2020
lobed (teeth or lobes apically rounded-obtuse). Involucres 5–8 × 5–7 mm. Phyllary apices yellowish to greenish yellow, sometimes spinulose-aristate, usually
5 KB (590 words) - 20:55, 29 July 2020
roughly equivalent to tribes). The autotrophic Lindenbergia Lehmann (12 species in the Old World) corresponds to the basal clade sister to the rest of the
19 KB (841 words) - 19:24, 29 July 2020
tomentosa). Stems prostrate to erect, glabrous or hairy, sometimes glandular. Leaves (usually spreading, sometimes erect, sometimes overlapping when petiole
41 KB (2,034 words) - 13:11, 30 July 2020
3–4+; blades elliptic to obovate, 35–80 (–120) × 15–30 (–40+) mm, lengths 2–4+ times widths, bases cuneate to rounded (sometimes ± clasping), margins entire
5 KB (493 words) - 20:15, 29 July 2020
long as wide, base convex or rounded, sometimes cordate or subcordate, margins flat, serrulate or sinuate, apex convex, rounded, acute, or acuminate, abaxial
12 KB (1,008 words) - 11:58, 30 July 2020
symmetric; sepals sometimes persistent in fruit, 3-5 (-6), green or sometimes purple, yellow, or white, plane (base saccate in R. ficaria), oblong to elliptic,
15 KB (560 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
glandular-ciliate, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous, sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular. Inflorescences 2 (–3) -flowered cymes, sometimes solitary flowers, 2–8
5 KB (499 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
oblong-lanceolate, base rounded or obtuse, margins entire with obscure hydathodal glands, apex acuminate to acute, surfaces glabrous or, sometimes, pilose on proximal
11 KB (936 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
narrowly winged, sometimes lobed, 5–15 cm); blades ovate or deltate, 3–10 × 1.5–6 cm, thin, bases hastate to truncate or rounded, sometimes shallowly, palmately
7 KB (576 words) - 20:13, 29 July 2020
entire, sometimes irregularly serrulate (sometimes dentate on long-shoots), teeth sharp to blunt, eglandular, some callus-tipped, apex usually obtuse to rounded
6 KB (499 words) - 14:20, 30 July 2020
racemose, dense, 30-45-flowered, 2-4 cm; bracteoles membranous, apex rounded or obtuse, sometimes apiculate. Flowers: anther-filaments with distal pair of recurved
6 KB (462 words) - 08:24, 30 July 2020
usually elliptic, sometimes broadly elliptic, obovate, ovate, or oblong, 6–12 × 3–7 cm, base usually obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes subcordate, margins
7 KB (611 words) - 14:21, 30 July 2020
slightly to abruptly inflated to slightly ventricose, not constricted at orifice, slightly to prominently 2-ridged adaxially, rarely rounded; stamens included
36 KB (1,140 words) - 19:13, 29 July 2020
broadly elliptic to obovate, usually concave, margins plane to somewhat incurved, entire to serrate, sometimes limbate, apex acute to acuminate, rarely
12 KB (464 words) - 06:47, 30 July 2020
florets, shorter than to longer than the adjacent lemmas, mostly membranous, scarious distally, 1-11-veined, apices usually rounded to acute; florets laterally
12 KB (1,001 words) - 03:20, 30 July 2020
prostrate, sometimes trailing for 200+ cm. Sheaths open; auricles sometimes present; ligules membranous. Inflorescences terminal, sometimes also axillary
22 KB (1,167 words) - 04:18, 30 July 2020
plicate; base slightly narrowed or rounded to insertion, short to long and narrowly to broadly decurrent; margins plane to recurved, serrate, serrulate, or
28 KB (900 words) - 07:47, 30 July 2020
Herbs or shrubs, sometimes vines in Asparagus, perennial, mostly geophytic, scapose or caulescent, sometimes woody, from elongate, sometimes tuberous rhizomes
29 KB (1,493 words) - 05:37, 30 July 2020
developed; stipules auriculate, pink to brown with pale margins; blade obovate, 10–24 × 5–10 mm, base acute, apex rounded, sometimes apiculate, both surfaces glabrous
7 KB (493 words) - 18:32, 29 July 2020
and open to diffuse, sometimes dense, congested, or compact, sometimes reduced and in subumbellate, subcapitate, or capitate heads or reduced to a single
80 KB (1,352 words) - 10:29, 30 July 2020
in accrescent and usually veiny perianth, tan to dark-brown, unwinged to weakly winged, 3-gonous, sometimes compressed-3-gonous or nearly pyramidal, glabrous
41 KB (1,085 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
ascending-strigose to canescent or sericeous; blade ovate or obovate, (0.5–) 1–2 (–2.7) × (0.2–) 0.8–1.2 (–1.6) cm, base obtuse to usually rounded, sometimes cuneate
7 KB (510 words) - 18:19, 29 July 2020
proximally greenish to pale yellow-green, sometimes brownish purple, distally white to cream or light yellow, sometimes light pink or buff, sometimes aging pink
12 KB (971 words) - 18:56, 29 July 2020
obtuse, rounded or truncate, sometimes mucronate, surfaces not shiny, usually glabrous, sometimes villous on petiole and veins or throughout; bracts not reduced
13 KB (1,058 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
stipitate, elliptic to ovate or obovate, planoconvex or biconvex in cross-section, base rounded or tapering, apex rounded or tapering to beak or not, usually
16 KB (761 words) - 02:00, 30 July 2020
branchlets grayish green to brown, not thorn-tipped, usually round, sometimes ± angled, in cross-section, flexible, lanate to woolly, glabrescent. Leaves:
6 KB (463 words) - 18:17, 29 July 2020
oblong-obovate (outer) to broadly oblong, strongly unequal, sparsely short-pilose, margins without hyaline borders, ciliolate, apices rounded, sometimes mucronate.
5 KB (465 words) - 22:53, 29 July 2020
cupulate, or campanulate, sometimes turbinate, saucer-shaped, flat-bottomed, or subglobose to ellipsoid or ovoid; torus flat to conic or turbinate, enlarged
9 KB (450 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
dorsal surfaces usually scabridulous, sometimes smooth, apices truncate to rounded, erose-ciliolate, sometimes lacerate; blades 3-10 cm long, 1-5 mm wide
10 KB (1,131 words) - 03:29, 30 July 2020
sheaths usually smooth, sometimes scabridulous; ligules 0.7-5 mm, dorsal surfaces scabrous, apices usually rounded, sometimes truncate or acute, erose-ciliolate
11 KB (1,324 words) - 03:29, 30 July 2020
perennial, with taproot or thickened rootstock. Stems usually prostrate, sometimes erect, ascending, reclining, or decumbent, branched [unbranched], terete
36 KB (819 words) - 18:21, 29 July 2020
sometimes conic to ± columnar, usually epaleate, sometimes paleate (paleae sometimes enfolding pistillate florets). Ray-florets usually 0 (sometimes peripheral
25 KB (1,822 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
spirally arranged, sometimes 2-ranked, usually appressed or ascending; scales usually all fertile, each subtending a single flower, sometimes proximal and/or
24 KB (775 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
Menapace* Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Plants perennial or annual, sometimes with spikelets proliferating or some culms arching or decumbent and rooting
37 KB (456 words) - 02:15, 30 July 2020
perichaetial leaves similar to stem-leaves or sometimes slightly differentiated. Seta to 6 mm. Capsule immersed, emergent, or exserted, globose to cylindric, smooth
24 KB (641 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
planoconvex, base tapering to rounded, margins winged or rarely narrowly ridged, entire, apex tapering to rounded to beak, smooth or, rarely, papillose; beak
57 KB (937 words) - 01:54, 30 July 2020
base), smooth or ridged, sometimes centrally thickened, veins obscure to prominent; cauline 0–4 on branched stems, usually similar to basal, subtending each
20 KB (1,129 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
toothed or entire, sometimes glandular. Peduncles present or absent. Inflorescences racemose or spicate, usually catkins, unbranched, sometimes fasciculate or
14 KB (933 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
rarely white, bilaterally symmetric, sometimes ± radially symmetric, ± bilabiate, sometimes regular, sometimes sagittally compressed, abaxial lobes 3
49 KB (1,607 words) - 18:59, 29 July 2020
occasionally hemiepiphytic or epiphytic. Stems creeping to erect, rarely arborescent, sometimes climbing, branched or unbranched, dictyostelic, bearing
15 KB (567 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
or strigose, sometimes glabrescent, sometimes stipitate-glandular, rarely glabrous, often glanddotted. Heads usually radiate, sometimes discoid, rarely radiant
17 KB (818 words) - 23:57, 29 July 2020
354, 356, 357. Plants pale to dark green, sometimes becoming brownish to blackish, particularly in older parts, scattered to forming dense mats. Stems monomorphic
33 KB (1,761 words) - 06:53, 30 July 2020
vinelike, solitary to forming mats or clumps, terrestrial (sometimes deep-seated in substrate) to epiphytic or epipetric, erect to sprawling (rarely scrambling
40 KB (1,967 words) - 15:27, 15 December 2020
or obovate, usually unequal, sometimes ± equal (margins scarious, hyaline, apices rounded to acute or acuminate sometimes mucronate, faces usually puberulent
17 KB (791 words) - 22:42, 29 July 2020
blade usually symmetric, asymmetric in Malvella, sometimes asymmetric in Pavonia, usually unlobed, sometimes palmately lobed or dissected, margins serrate
20 KB (532 words) - 11:23, 30 July 2020
Leaf-blade broadly elliptic to obovate, pinnately veined, base oblique, cuneate, margins repand to sinuate, apex rounded to acute or short-acuminate. Inflorescences
8 KB (417 words) - 08:32, 30 July 2020
blade roundish, 3-lobed, cleft nearly to midrib, 1.7–3 cm, base broadly cuneate to rounded or subcordate, sometimes truncate, surfaces not glandular, villous-tomentose
9 KB (573 words) - 13:08, 30 July 2020
mm, base rounded to attenuate, apex rounded. Pistillate scales white, gold, redbrown, or coppery, with pale to green midstripe, lanceolate to ovate, 3
8 KB (669 words) - 02:00, 30 July 2020
globose, smooth to roughened by underlying seeds, apex usually rounded. Seeds many, globose to obconic or hemispheric; seed-coat black, granular to rugulose.
23 KB (1,162 words) - 06:04, 30 July 2020
cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 5-190 cm. Sheaths closed to near the top, usually pubescent; auricles sometimes present; ligules membranous, to 6 mm
16 KB (1,697 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020
bases rarely slightly sulcate, apices rounded to attenuate; lower florets sterile or staminate; lower lemmas similar to the upper glumes; lower paleas absent
26 KB (1,480 words) - 04:05, 30 July 2020
or above mid length, central lobe apex obtuse to broadly rounded, lateral ones acute to sometimes rounded. Calyces proximally green, purplish, or whitish
10 KB (821 words) - 18:55, 29 July 2020
base usually truncate to rounded or subcordate, sometimes attenuate, margins entire or slightly crenulate, apex usually obtuse to acute, occasionally acuminate;
8 KB (611 words) - 18:20, 29 July 2020
conic to hemispheric, rarely columnar; paleae surpassing cypselae, margins sometimes ciliate, apices obtuse or rounded to acute or attenuate to apiculate
10 KB (649 words) - 22:36, 29 July 2020
referring either to Kastanaia in Pontus or Castana in Thessaly Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Trees or shrubs, winter-deciduous, sometimes rhizomatous.
8 KB (435 words) - 08:38, 30 July 2020
lobes ascending to erect, broadly lanceolate or oblong, medium length, arising at or above mid length, center lobe apex rounded, sometimes toothed, others
8 KB (731 words) - 18:53, 29 July 2020
Plants medium-sized to very large, green, yellowish, brownish, or sometimes red. Stems distichously or radially branched, sometimes nearly simple; hyalodermis
12 KB (455 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
flowers: calyx adnate to ovary, not forming flange; styles usually abruptly enlarged or dilated, sometimes gradually enlarged to subulate. Acorns: maturation
27 KB (606 words) - 08:45, 30 July 2020
striolate to densely papillose; endostome basal membrane low to high, free or sometimes adherent to exostome at base, segments broad and keeled to linear
16 KB (613 words) - 07:45, 30 July 2020
Chrysolepis. The cupule is sometimes referred to as an involuc involucre, however, is made up of bracts, while the cupule has been shown to be a complex structure
13 KB (591 words) - 08:36, 30 July 2020
Leaves spreading to ascending, narrowly lanceolate to oblong, sometimes narrowly elliptic to ovate, thin and not fleshy or often slightly to moderately thickened
7 KB (885 words) - 18:54, 29 July 2020
acute, obtuse, or rounded, sometimes mucronulate or cuspidate; axillary cymose branches 0–7. Cyathia: peduncle 1–3 mm. Involucre cupulate to slightly turbinate
8 KB (596 words) - 18:14, 29 July 2020
highest at the sides, stiff; ligules of upper leaves to 3.5 mm, usually acute to rounded, sometimes truncate; blades 1.3-3 mm wide. Panicles 6-24 cm. Glumes
5 KB (942 words) - 02:49, 30 July 2020
oblongelliptic, or obovate, sometimes lanceolate, rarely ovate, 2–13.5 × 1.1–6.5 cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins crenulate-serrulate to serrate, teeth incurved
11 KB (888 words) - 14:18, 30 July 2020
arrays, sometimes compact, nearly as wide as tall, and rounded, sometimes appearing almost rounded corymbiform, proximal branches sometimes much elongate
10 KB (864 words) - 21:33, 29 July 2020
summits with adaxial hyaline band, truncate to rounded, sometimes prolonged beyond collar; distal ligules to 5 mm; blades 3–5 per fertile culm, 13–40 cm
9 KB (686 words) - 02:00, 30 July 2020
lanceolate to oblong, 0–3 (–5) -lobed; lobes ascending to erect, lanceolate to triangular, often short, arising above mid length, apex obtuse or rounded, sometimes
8 KB (692 words) - 18:52, 29 July 2020
summit, ± wing-angled, adaxially firm, summits thin, U-shaped to rounded, sometimes shortly prolonged beyond collar; distal ligules 4–9 mm; blades 3–6 per
8 KB (756 words) - 01:58, 30 July 2020
mm, bases usually cordate, subcordate, or rounded, sometimes cuneate; cauline short-petiolate (to 50 mm) to subpetiolate or sessile (arrays), petioles
9 KB (717 words) - 22:20, 29 July 2020
anthers sterile or partially sterile, sometimes all filaments distinct and all anthers fertile); anthers linear to oblong; nectar glands confluent. Fruits
23 KB (1,011 words) - 12:00, 30 July 2020
distinct group separated at a level similar to other subgenera. The exception to this was sect. Glaucae, which sometimes clustered with subg. Chamaetia and other
22 KB (876 words) - 12:17, 30 July 2020
rarely white, sometimes greenish tinged, sepals sometimes pink or white, 4–6 mm; sepals oval, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1–3 mm; wings ovate to broadly elliptic
7 KB (635 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
laminal cells isodiametric, rounded or angular, sometimes short-rectangular, 7–11 µm wide, smooth or weakly papillose, sometimes weakly bulging-mammillose
8 KB (703 words) - 06:48, 30 July 2020
not in fruit. Fruiting pedicels erect to divaricate, slender or stout. Flowers: sepals (usually deciduous, sometimes persistent), usually ovate or oblong
29 KB (1,412 words) - 12:33, 30 July 2020
usually rounded, sometimes cuneate, apex acute, abaxial surface pale green, hairs erect, curling, white, adaxial surface dark green, hairs spreading to erect
8 KB (590 words) - 18:21, 29 July 2020
short-rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. Stems 1–many, prostrate to erect, sometimes rooting at nodes, usually ± green, sometimes reddish. Leaves winter
31 KB (1,939 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
sparsely hairy, apices obtuse to rounded, sometimes obscurely lobed; paleas sparsely hispid distally, obtuse to slightly rounded; anthers 2.5-5 mm, well-filled
7 KB (887 words) - 04:46, 30 July 2020
40–68 × 6–18 mm, often reflexed, base cuneate to rounded, margins entire, apex usually rounded, sometimes broadly acute, abaxial surface glabrous or villous
9 KB (691 words) - 18:17, 29 July 2020
short-acuminate, hairpoint sometimes present; costa single, strong, ending below apex, straight to weakly flexuose; alar cells quadrate to short-rectangular; medial
8 KB (515 words) - 07:45, 30 July 2020
straight or antrorse, triangular to narrowly triangular, terminals often largest, acuminate to acute-rounded, sometimes toothed, teeth 0 (–1) on lobes or
9 KB (766 words) - 20:11, 29 July 2020
1–3-veined, sometimes obscurely so, filiform-linear to subulate, lanceolate or oblanceolate, rarely to ovate, herbaceous to succulent, apex blunt, rounded, or
25 KB (1,236 words) - 10:19, 30 July 2020
usually rectangular-oblong, usually ± 3-toothed, sometimes entire, apices sometimes reddish or purplish). Ray-florets usually 5–30+ (–100+ in cultivars)
32 KB (1,118 words) - 23:14, 29 July 2020
at least proximal 1–3 distinct, ovoid to broadly ovoid, 6–12.3 × 3.8–9.1 mm; base rounded; apex acute to rounded. Pistillate scales brown, redbrown, or
8 KB (718 words) - 01:55, 30 July 2020
glabrous or hispidulous, sometimes glabrous proximally and hispidulous distally, apices obtuse to rounded, sometimes shallowly bilobed; anthers 4-6 mm, well-filled
7 KB (924 words) - 04:46, 30 July 2020
1-veined), usually truncate to rounded, occasionally acute, sometimes notched; upper glumes 0.8-1.9 mm, 1 (2) -veined, acute to acuminate; lemmas 2.2-3 (3
8 KB (919 words) - 04:38, 30 July 2020
apices 2-4-lobed, lobes acute to rounded, long-ciliate, sometimes with 1-3 excurrent veins that form additional slender awns to 1.8 mm; lower glumes with dorsal
7 KB (809 words) - 04:48, 30 July 2020
ascending, oblong, 1 (–2) mm, margins strongly revolute, apex obtuse-rounded, sometimes ± apiculate, abaxial surface densely arachnoid-villous, midvein glabrous
9 KB (778 words) - 14:16, 30 July 2020
[or trees], annual or perennial. Roots fibrous to fleshy or tuberous. Stems procumbent to erect, sometimes clambering through other plants. Leaves opposite
20 KB (1,275 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
biennial, or perennial, sometimes suffrutescent, caulescent or acaulescent; usually with taproots, sometimes fibrous-roots, sometimes with shoots arising from
26 KB (2,106 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
cristate or rugose). Gametophytes green, aboveground, obcordate to reniform, sometimes asymmetric, usually glabrous (glandular-farinose in Notholaena);
15 KB (634 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
petiole present; blade coriaceous to membranous, (base cuneate, rounded, or obtuse), margins entire, (sometimes ciliate, plane to revolute, abaxial surface 1/3+
21 KB (889 words) - 13:16, 30 July 2020
Capsules 1-locular or 3-locular, septicidal. Seeds many, ellipsoid to ovoid, sometimes tailed. Worldwide except Antarctica Species ca. 300 (95 in the flora)
6 KB (363 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
206. Plants usually perennial, sometimes annual. Spikelets elliptic to lanceolate, more or less terete initially, sometimes becoming laterally compressed
11 KB (779 words) - 02:52, 30 July 2020
denticulate, teeth to 0.1–0.2 mm, sometimes papillate or smooth; staminode included to exserted, flattened distally, 0.2–1.3 mm diam., tip straight to recurved,
29 KB (982 words) - 19:10, 29 July 2020
truncate to acuminate, sometimes mucronate or awned; lower glumes sometimes rudimentary or absent, occasionally bifid; upper glumes shorter than to longer
42 KB (1,621 words) - 04:38, 30 July 2020
rarely ca. 15, anthers pink to purple or white to cream. Pomes usually red, sometimes yellow, orange, or pink mauve, sometimes remaining green until late
28 KB (995 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
bases rounded or auriculate, clasping or subclasping (leaves sometimes reduced distally). Heads radiate. Phyllaries unequal or subequal, sometimes ± foliaceous
8 KB (946 words) - 21:01, 29 July 2020
compressed, infrequently terete to subterete, usually lanceolate, sometimes ovate; florets (1) 2-6 (13), usually sexual, sometimes bulb-forming; rachillas usually
87 KB (2,178 words) - 03:17, 30 July 2020
on page 97. Mentioned on page 198. Plants small to large, in lax to dense tufts. Stems erect or sometimes decumbent, simple, 2-fid, fastigiate, or with subfloral
11 KB (380 words) - 07:34, 30 July 2020
C. pauciflorus). Capsules usually horned (horns sometimes minute or weakly developed bulges), sometimes not horned, usually not crested (crested in C. divergens
14 KB (504 words) - 18:27, 29 July 2020
or ovate to pandurate, sometimes lobed, bases auriculate, rounded, or attenuate, ultimate margins entire or dentate to serrate, apices acute to obtuse,
12 KB (678 words) - 23:55, 29 July 2020
boundaries of what is regarded to be the natural distribution. We have attempted in all cases to map what we consider to be the natural ranges of these
43 KB (1,553 words) - 05:48, 30 July 2020
green (sometimes purplish in E. capillaris and E. eastwoodiae), linear-lanceolate to ovate, 1.8–12 mm, margins white, scarious, apex obtuse or rounded to acute
19 KB (1,194 words) - 10:09, 30 July 2020
68, 69, 133. Herbs, sometimes rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous; herbage usually hairy, sometimes stipitate-glandular, sometimes glabrous; caudex or
27 KB (988 words) - 13:15, 30 July 2020
2+-serrate, teeth 7–13 per side, obtuse to acute, gland-tipped, apex obtuse, sometimes nearly acute, rounded, or truncate, abaxial surfaces pale green, glabrous
14 KB (1,099 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
basal membrane ± reduced or sometimes absent, segments narrower, sometimes shorter than in perfect endostomes, cilia short to absent. Calyptra cucullate
21 KB (586 words) - 07:42, 30 July 2020
membranous, truncate to rounded; blades often stiff, adaxial surfaces usually with subequal, closely spaced, prominently ribbed veins, sometimes with unequal,
20 KB (1,611 words) - 03:05, 30 July 2020
corolla colors refer to typical coloration in living plants; sometimes corolla colors can become more intense or change from magenta or rose to a shade of deep
25 KB (2,084 words) - 13:06, 30 July 2020
sessile, rarely petiolate; blades usually spatulate to oblanceolate or linear to linear-elliptic, sometimes pinnately lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed
15 KB (799 words) - 23:36, 29 July 2020
distally, apical margins hyaline, sometimes with a purplish band below the hyaline portion, apices acute to rounded or truncate, entire, erose, or irregularly
20 KB (1,626 words) - 03:20, 30 July 2020
4-winged, apex acute to attenuate or, sometimes, rounded, indehiscent, septa fragile, not evident at maturity; sessile, sometimes disarticulating from
12 KB (1,080 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
oblong-ovate or ovate to widely ovate, (10–) 35–60 (–140) × (10–) 15–70 mm, bases usually cordate or subcordate to rounded, sometimes attenuate, margins shallowly
15 KB (1,040 words) - 21:04, 29 July 2020
spreading, or reflexed, 1-nerved (flat to rounded), linear to narrowly oblong or lanceolate, or enlarged distally into ovate to orbiculate or depressed-elliptic
13 KB (844 words) - 22:21, 29 July 2020
suborbicular, rounded or somewhat compressed in cross-section, base cuneate to ± rounded, apex tapering or rounded to beak or rarely beakless, smooth or papillose
15 KB (557 words) - 02:02, 30 July 2020
± foveolate to alveolate, margins of sockets sometimes ± membranous). Florets of 1, 2, or 3+ kinds in a head (some not readily assignable to usual ray and
12 KB (739 words) - 20:02, 29 July 2020
perennial; sometimes cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. Culms 8-180 (220) cm, usually erect to ascending, sometimes strongly decumbent
45 KB (3,070 words) - 03:00, 30 July 2020
faces glabrous (sometimes shiny) or glandular-puberulent, strigose, or tomentose, sometimes glanddotted. Heads usually in corymbiform, sometimes cymiform, paniculiform
17 KB (617 words) - 22:47, 29 July 2020
lanceolate to ovate (wider if solitary), flat to folded, 6–60 cm, glaucous in a few species, glabrous, base narrowed gradually or abruptly to petiole, margins
18 KB (1,049 words) - 05:39, 30 July 2020
ovoid to cylindric-conic, tan to yellow, red, blue, or lavender. Seed-cones maturing in 2 (–3) years, shed early or variously persistent, pendent to ± erect
29 KB (1,428 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
reddish-brown, ovoid to obconic or trigonous or ± hemispheric, sometimes sharply margined or minutely winged, smooth to roughened, sometimes with deciduous,
18 KB (899 words) - 13:07, 30 July 2020
dasycalyx), lobes triangular to trullate, sometimes strongly 3-ribbed (H. acetosella, H. aculeatus, H. furcellatus, H. radiatus), sometimes with nectary on midrib;
20 KB (1,253 words) - 11:27, 30 July 2020
smooth throughout, sometimes scabrous or densely pubescent below the inflorescences. Sheaths from open to the base to closed almost to the top, in some species
52 KB (3,291 words) - 03:08, 30 July 2020
hairy internally abaxially, throat slightly to gradually inflated, not constricted at orifice, rounded to 2-ridged abaxially; stamens included or longer
19 KB (771 words) - 19:16, 29 July 2020
usually erect to ascending, sometimes decumbent or prostrate, unbranched or branched (usually distally). Leaves usually basal and cauline, sometimes cauline
85 KB (2,094 words) - 12:08, 30 July 2020
series, oblong-lanceolate to sometimes spatulate (outer) to linear-lanceolate or linear (inner), unequal, membranous or sometimes foliaceous (outer), bases
13 KB (874 words) - 22:20, 29 July 2020
shallowly to deeply, palmately 5–7 (–9) -lobed, 6–13 × 6–13 cm, lobe margins toothed, teeth rounded, sometimes Ribes-like, base cordate, apex rounded, surfaces:
12 KB (828 words) - 11:33, 30 July 2020
abaxially, throat slightly to abruptly inflated, not constricted at orifice, rounded abaxially, rarely slightly 2-ridged; stamens included to exserted, filaments
17 KB (733 words) - 19:07, 29 July 2020
deciduous, margins hygroscopic, involute. Seeds (1–) 3–6, black, rounded, shiny and smooth to tuberculate, with white elaiosome; seeds dispersed ballistically
16 KB (646 words) - 09:44, 30 July 2020
solitary, open to congested. Flowers mostly radially symmetric, sometimes slightly irregular (in Montia); sepals 2–9; petals (1–) 2–19 or sometimes absent, distinct
13 KB (722 words) - 09:43, 30 July 2020
very broadly ovate to lanceolate; margins serrate to serrulate, sometimes nearly entire; apex acuminate or sometimes acute to rounded; costa usually double
9 KB (433 words) - 07:44, 30 July 2020
perianth segments (3–) 5, usually connate at base, sometimes almost to middle or beyond, not imbricate, rounded or keeled abaxially, wings and spines absent;
19 KB (716 words) - 09:29, 30 July 2020
arising from near the base to near the apices, straight or bent, sometimes delicate and indistinct from the callus hairs, sometimes exserted beyond the lemma
24 KB (1,813 words) - 02:43, 30 July 2020
flora area. It belongs to sect. Obione. Atriplex vesicaria Heward ex Bentham, Fl. Austral. 5: 172. 1870 The section Dialysex, to which Atriplex vesicaria
45 KB (1,022 words) - 09:34, 30 July 2020
sparse to dense, erect to retrorse, weak to stout, broad-based or not; bristles absent or sparse to dense, erect to slightly retrorse, weak to stiff; glabrous
35 KB (2,155 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
serrate; cauline leaves sessile to nearly sessile or sometimes with much shorter petioles than basal leaves, blades lobed to compound or dissected (rarely
12 KB (526 words) - 08:22, 30 July 2020
refers to surfaces with scattered to crowded, tapered, whiplike, straight or curly, smooth to ± barbellate hairs mostly (0.5–)2–8(–15+) mm (sometimes called
26 KB (1,108 words) - 20:14, 29 July 2020
membranous to slightly or distinctly coriaceous, glabrous or pubescent, pubescence sometimes restricted to the bases of the veins, rounded or weakly keeled
22 KB (1,516 words) - 03:14, 30 July 2020
slightly rounded to conic, without pedicel-like projections; bracts persistent, not accrescent, 5–10, distinct, forming involucre, lanceolate to broadly
12 KB (544 words) - 09:13, 30 July 2020
[lianas, trees], herbs annual or rhizomatous perennial, usually pubescent, sometimes with stinging hairs, deciduous. Leaves opposite or alternate and spirally
10 KB (466 words) - 08:34, 30 July 2020
exfoliating; lenticels dark, prominent, sometimes horizontally expanded. Wood nearly white to reddish-brown, light and soft to moderately heavy and hard, texture
18 KB (893 words) - 08:41, 30 July 2020
apices of outer tepals rounded or acute to acuminate; anthers pink to purple (orange-pink in P. hickmanii). Achenes ovate to elliptic or lanceolate, 3-gonous
11 KB (812 words) - 10:09, 30 July 2020
blunt to sharp, usually strigose; lemmas stiffly membranous to coriaceous, smooth, usually hairy, sometimes glabrous, hairs on the lemma body to 6 mm,
28 KB (2,014 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
cuneate or cordate to truncate, ultimate margins serrate, dentate, or crenate, ciliate or glandular-ciliate, apex rounded or obtuse to acute to acuminate, apiculate
26 KB (1,593 words) - 12:56, 30 July 2020
pistils erect or ascending to spreading, nearly distinct; ovary base rounded; styles shorter than ovary. Fruits erect to spreading. Seeds narrowly ovoid, longitudinally
13 KB (1,202 words) - 13:01, 30 July 2020
suffrutescent, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes viscid; taproots slender and ropelike to swollen and tuberous. Stems erect to decumbent, unarmed, without glutinous
15 KB (526 words) - 09:38, 30 July 2020
glaucous; bulblets sometimes borne in leaf-axils. Leaves sessile; basal persistent or withering by flowering, solitary, blade base sometimes attenuate and petiolelike;
21 KB (685 words) - 05:34, 30 July 2020
variable, cuneate to rounded, margins doubly serrate, serrate, serrulate, or nearly entire, apex variable, acute to obtuse or acuminate to rounded; surfaces glabrous
14 KB (902 words) - 08:46, 30 July 2020
involute, sometimes terete. Inflorescences terminal, open or contracted panicles, sometimes partially included in the upper¬most sheath. Spikelets rounded to
22 KB (1,094 words) - 04:32, 30 July 2020
ovate, obovate, spatulate, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or orbiculate to linear, base rounded to narrowly cuneate, margins usually entire, usually plane, slightly
32 KB (1,366 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
branches to near the tips), branches linear, adaxially stigmatic in 2 lines from bases to apices (lines ± confluent distally), apices obtuse to rounded, appendages
9 KB (534 words) - 20:42, 29 July 2020
(saucer to cup or bowl to goblet-shaped), without indication of valves, covering base of nut (rarely whole nut), scaly, scales imbricate or reduced to tubercles
13 KB (1,271 words) - 08:47, 30 July 2020
549, 551. Perennials; (sometimes pulvinate, caudex simple or many-branched); scapose or not; usually pubescent or pilose, sometimes glabrous, trichomes short-stalked
13 KB (760 words) - 12:30, 30 July 2020
× 0.2–6 cm, membranous to coriaceous, base tapering or truncate to rounded or cordate, margins flat, entire or serrate, sometimes doubly serrate, or dentate
22 KB (1,558 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
Pitchers marcescent or persistent, erect to ascending or decumbent to sprawling, usually monomorphic (sometimes trimorphic in S. alabamensis, summer forms
17 KB (1,184 words) - 13:09, 30 July 2020
texana), usually with tubers, bulbs, or rhizomes, sometimes fibrous-rooted or taprooted. Aerial stems erect to decumbent, prostrate, or creeping, or absent
23 KB (1,013 words) - 18:29, 29 July 2020
in dense cushions to loose mats, olivaceous, dark black-green to rusty-redbrown. Leaves broadly oblong-ovate, oblong-lanceolate, to narrowly ovatelanceolate
25 KB (759 words) - 06:48, 30 July 2020
lemmas firmly membranous to coriaceous, 3-9-veined, rounded across the back, glabrous or with non-uncinate hairs, these sometimes in tufts or fringes, lemma
13 KB (931 words) - 04:50, 30 July 2020
winter-annual, sometimes biennial, acaulescent or very short-caulescent, sparsely to moderately strigillose and glandular puberulent, sometimes one hair type
10 KB (1,036 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
spirally arranged but sometimes proximally twisted so as to appear 1-ranked or 2-ranked, or fascicled, linear to needlelike, sessile to short-petiolate; foliage
13 KB (769 words) - 00:23, 30 July 2020
spikes. Flowers few-to-many, usually resupinate (not resupinate in P. nivea), sometimes showy; petals entire to fringed or emarginate; lip lobed, 3-partite
17 KB (518 words) - 05:23, 30 July 2020
ovate, or, sometimes, reduced to scales in herbaceous species, base sometimes lobed. Inflorescences umbellate, axillary to leaves or bracts, loose to dense
14 KB (755 words) - 06:14, 30 July 2020
adherent to adjacent mericarps and persistent on their axes, without dorsal spur, apex usually acute or acuminate to spinescent, sometimes rounded or obtuse
12 KB (726 words) - 11:23, 30 July 2020
have been noted. Petioles sometimes have glandular-spherical dots or lobes at the distal end just proximal to the blade. Sometimes the petioles are ventricose
35 KB (4,327 words) - 12:03, 30 July 2020
concentrically wrinkled and thick (to 5 mm), or for nutrition and thinner, fibrous. Stems erect, green, sometimes purple, rarely glaucous, to 3.1 m, ± glabrous, often
37 KB (2,628 words) - 05:42, 30 July 2020
veins not convergent, sometimes excurrent as 2-5 teeth, apices acute to obtuse or truncate, sometimes erose, unawned or awned, sometimes varying within an
31 KB (1,893 words) - 03:29, 30 July 2020
brownish, veinless or to 28-veined at base, sometimes stipitate, not inflated, thick-walled, narrowly ovate to subcircular, rounded-trigonous to terete in cross-section
13 KB (709 words) - 02:14, 30 July 2020
Herbs usually perennial, sometimes annual, cespitose or not, rhizomatous or not. Culms solitary or not, unbranched proximal to inflorescence, trigonous
13 KB (648 words) - 01:45, 30 July 2020
(reflexed in fruit), distinct, (light to dark green, yellowish, reddish, or cyanic) linear to ensiform, equal to subequal (glabrous or hairy), margins
40 KB (1,171 words) - 21:16, 29 July 2020
pistillate, fertile, sometimes 0; corollas usually yellow, sometimes ochroleucous or white, rarely reddish to purplish (laminae sometimes barely surpassing
30 KB (1,295 words) - 21:10, 29 July 2020
443. Herbs, spreading to erect or prostrate, rarely decumbent annuals, glabrous or floccose to tomentose or lanate, sometimes sericeous puberulent, or
19 KB (884 words) - 10:50, 30 July 2020
entire, sometimes dentate or pinnately lobed. Racemes (corymbose, dense or lax), usually slightly to considerably elongated in fruit (sometimes not elongated
15 KB (841 words) - 12:01, 30 July 2020
linear to oval, base abruptly or gradually tapering to petiole, margins entire, dentate, or crenulate, (sometimes undulate), apex mostly acute to rounded
21 KB (1,760 words) - 13:05, 30 July 2020
turbinate, 2–6 (–7) mm; hypophysis slender or thick; operculum conic to low-convex, rounded to apiculate; peristome double; exostome yellow, orange, or brown
12 KB (810 words) - 07:37, 30 July 2020
6-angled or winged, thin-walled, ± rounded, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds many, in 2 rows per locule, yellowish to brownish, flat. x = 12, 13, often with
13 KB (449 words) - 05:41, 30 July 2020
in cross-section, 1.5–4 mm, base rounded or truncate, with spongy tissue, margins rounded or acutely angled, apex rounded and beakless or abruptly beaked
11 KB (598 words) - 01:52, 30 July 2020
margins toothed to subentire or entire, plane or revolute, venation palmate to subpinnate. Inflorescences axillary, flowers usually at medial to distal nodes
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linear, linear-lanceolate, oblanceolate or oblong to oblanceolate, flattened, often obscurely rounded or angled on 1 or both surfaces, margins usually inconspicuously
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narrowly acute to rounded, occasionally fragile or caducous; costa ending several cells before apex to short-excurrent, adaxial cells quadrate to elongate,
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with 2 strong marginal veins, sometimes stipitate, narrowly lanceovoid to fusiform to oblong-ovoid, trigonous or rounded-trigonous, 2–10 mm, more than
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chartaceous, sometimes subcoriaceous, base cuneate to rounded, truncate, or broadly ovate, lobes 0, or 1–5 (or 6) per side, sinuses shallow to deep, lobe apex subacute
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page 228. Plants usually annual, sometimes biennial. Spikelets with parallel or converging sides in outline, terete to moderately laterally compressed,
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yellow-green, brown, sometimes reddish or greenish, rarely orange, dark red, or blackish with age, 1.2–5 cm, straight to flexuose. Capsule horizontal to pendent, yellow
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free portions flattened, sometimes dilated at base to form triangle, apical appendages usually absent, when present sometimes forming a crown; anthers
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very long, to 11 cm. Capsule sometimes inclined, clavate to pyriform, sometimes curved, smooth, neck long, well defined, abruptly merging to wider urn;
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8–12-ribbed; epicalyx segments shorter to or up to 2 times longer than sepals; sepals 6, narrowly deltate to subulate, obtuse and thickened in L. tribracteatum;
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broadly acute to rounded, mucronate to hair-pointed; margins plane to weakly recurved or incurved on one or both sides, more or less entire to crenulate or
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spreading to erect and above surface; aerial flowering-stems prostrate or decumbent to erect, slender to stout, usually solid or hollow, sometimes fistulose
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base of leaf-blade; blade elliptic to ovate, leathery, base cuneate to rounded or cordate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse; veins 1–51. Inflorescences
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5-nerved) linear to lanceolate or elliptic to ovate (distal smaller), bases mostly attenuate (decurrent on petioles) to cuneate, sometimes rounded or cordate
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and that he sometimes assigned taxonomic ranks (species, variety, and forma) to trends rather than to what most botanists would consider to be taxa. Subsequently
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milky in fresh material but dark-brown to black when dry). Receptacles flat to convex, epaleate, covered with tawny to white bristles or setiform scales. Florets
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usually monoecious, sometimes dioecious, glabrous or hairy, hairs simple [branched]; branching phyllanthoid or not. Stems erect to prostrate. Leaves persistent
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decurrent; margins plane to strongly revolute, entire to serrulate distally, 1-stratose, limbidium absent or weak; apex broadly rounded to acuminate; costa not
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perennials; (sometimes stoloniferous with vegetative rosettes, or caudex simple or branched); not scapose; often pubescent or hirsute, sometimes glabrous or
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perianth lobes; filaments adnate to perianth-tube, linear, base sometimes dilated to form triangular flap, or sometimes with abaxial wings or appendages;
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Plants prostrate to spreading or erect, mostly thinly pubescent. Leaf-blades linear to lanceolate, obovate, round, or spatulate. Stems sometimes disarticulating
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apices of outer tepals rounded; anthers whitish yellow. Achenes ovate to ovatelanceolate, 2–3-gonous, shiny or dull, smooth to roughened or tubercled.
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central. Fruits berries, spheric to cylindric-ovoid or ellipsoid, usually juicy, sometimes dry, at maturity. Seeds 1-10, tan to redbrown or black; aril absent
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glandular-puberulent; anther bases rounded or subcordate, apical appendages rounded or emarginate; styles included to long-exserted, branches ± papillose
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492. Annuals, biennials, or perennials; (perennials usually rhizomatous, sometimes tuberiform, stolons present in C. flagellifera, caudex present in C. bellidifolia);
23 KB (1,239 words) - 12:23, 30 July 2020
linear to obovate or spatulate, herbaceous, apex acute to obtuse. Inflorescences terminal or sometimes axillary, simple or branched, sometimes condensed
36 KB (1,364 words) - 10:24, 30 July 2020
1–12 (–18) leaves per rhizome, prostrate to erect; stipules adnate to petiole or not, not leaflike (sometimes leaflike in V. lobata), unlobed, shorter
39 KB (2,374 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
blades deltate to triangular, or ovate to oblanceolate, or oblong to linear, or spatulate, margins often pinnately or palmately lobed (sometimes deeply cleft
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pendent. Stems long to short-creeping, branched or not, bearing scales and few to numerous roots, usually dictyostelic. Leaves monomorphic to dimorphic, circinate
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micronemata absent. Leaves green to dark green, sometimes yellowish, often crisped and contorted, sometimes undulate, sometimes spirally twisted when dry, patent
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[rosulate]; usually alternate, sometimes opposite; petiolate or sessile; margins usually entire or dentate, sometimes lobed to dissected. Heads heterogamous
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usually white, sometimes pink to rose-veined or cream, usually narrowly oblanceolate-elliptic to obovate, sometimes linear to round, usually equal to or longer
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loosely to tightly cylindric; stipules present; leaflets separate to overlapping, usually individually distinguishable, toothed 1/4–3/4 or lobed to base,
13 KB (1,038 words) - 14:03, 30 July 2020
valvate, distinct (connate for 1/2+ length in C. argyranthemus); petals 5 (sometimes rudimentary) or 0, distinct or connate basally, white or pale green; nectary
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spreading to erect, obconic, cylindric to clavate, turbinate, obpyramidal, or globose to cuboid, terete to sharply 4+-angled, straight to slightly curved
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ascending to spreading or reflexed, 0–25-veined, at least slightly inflated, sometimes stipitate, narrowly elliptic to ovate, rounded-trigonous to terete
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which are sometimes recognized as distinct families. Ophioglossaceae may be only distantly related to the ferns and more closely related to Marattiales
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nineteenth centuries, “corrected” to Boerhaavia Linneaus’ intentional Latinization (Boerhavia) of Boerhaave’s name. Boerhavia sometimes includes Anulocaulis, Commicarpus
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or purple, scarious, apex obtuse or rounded to somewhat acute, frequently hood-shaped in bud; petals 4 or 5, sometimes absent (frequently absent or soon
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in A. nesiotica); usually fibrous-rooted, sometimes taprooted, caudices sometimes woody, rhizomes sometimes present. Stems usually not wandlike (wandlike
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(mostly pinnately nerved, sometimes 3-nerved or 5-nerved) either rounded-deltate to triangular-deltate with bases sagittate or cordate to truncate and margins
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glabrous or sometimes pilose. Stems erect to decumbent or prostrate, not bulbous-based, without bulbils. Roots basal and sometimes also nodal, sometimes tuberous-thickened
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354, 355. Herbs, annual or perennial, or subshrubs, sometimes glaucous, usually hairy, sometimes glabrate, hairs stellate or simple or both, with taproot
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pubescent; anthers maroon to red or cream to white or yellow, oval to oblong; styles erect to spreading. Achenes included, light-brown to dark-brown or black
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or elliptic to lanceolate or lance-linear (sometimes intermediate shapes), sometimes pinnately or palmately lobed, bases cuneate to rounded or cordate,
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scabrous, or stipitate-glandular, sometimes glabrate, adaxial faces mostly puberulent to scabrous-hirsute and glabrescent, sometimes glabrate or glabrous. Heads
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3–6 (–7) cm, thin to subcoriaceous, base cuneate to truncate, sometimes cordate or rounded, lobes (1–) 3 or 4 per side, sinuses shallow to moderately deep
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base decurrent or not; margins sometimes recurved basally, usually plane distally, sinuate to entire proximally, toothed to entire distally; apex acuminate
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Leaves alternate; stipules deciduous, thin; blade usually herbaceous, sometimes leathery, margins entire or teeth gland-tipped, at least when young, stomata
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bilaterally, symmetric, campanulate to hemispheric, turbinate, or funnelform, lobes obtusely to acutely subulate or deltate, acute to acuminate-triangular, or lanceolate;
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or linear-lanceolate to usually elliptic to ovate or rarely orbiculate, sometimes subsucculent or succulent, apex blunt or obtuse to acute, acuminate, or
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and narrow, proximal to urn; columella sometimes exserted; stomata many, guard cells 2; annulus usually absent; operculum convex to conic; peristome usually
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stipitate, elliptic or ovate to orbiculate, round or rounded-trigonous in cross-section, less than 10 mm, base tapering or rounded, often spongy, apex usually
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divaricate-ascending, oblong to linear, short to long, arising below or above mid length, central lobe apex usually rounded to truncate, others acute to obtuse. Calyces
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ligules membranous, decurrent, rounded to acuminate; blades often all or almost all tightly rolled or folded and some flat, sometimes most flat, others rolled
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yellow in some Cuphea and Punica), sometimes conspicuously ribbed; sepals persistent, 4–8, valvate, usually deltate, sometimes subulate in Lythrum, alternating
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appears in FNA Volume 2. Stems long-creeping to ascending to erect, 1.5–12 mm or more diam. Blades 1-pinnate to pinnate-pinnatifid, rarely 2-pinnate, proximal
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black; blade ± rhombic to elliptic-oblong or ovate-rhombic, sometimes suborbiculate, 3–8 cm, coriaceous or thin, base cuneate to ± rounded, lobes (0 or) 1–4
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Sori inframedial to supramedial, occasionally nearly marginal, round or oblong, rarely elongate along veins; indusia reniform or sometimes absent. Spores
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persistent, (2–) 4–5; petals deciduous, (3–) 4–5; stamens usually persistent, sometimes deciduous, 30–650, in continuous ring or in 4–5 barely discernable fascicles
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few-to-many, ascending to erect, branched, especially near base, sometimes unbranched, hairs sparse to dense, spreading to retrorse, long, sometimes short
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or deflexed, filiform to capillary to slender. Involucres 1 per node, not appressed to the inflorescence branches, turbinate to campanulate or hemispheric;
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golden to pale-yellow, sometimes white (I. utahensis) and then sometimes pink-tinged, not or scarcely clawed, apex acute to truncate, rounded, or emarginate;
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stipules persistent, basally adnate to petiole, narrowly to broadly-triangular-ovate to rounded, margins entire to ± toothed; petiole present; blade oblanceolate-oblong
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usually green, sometimes red or purple), 1-nerved, ovate to lanceolate, unequal, margins usually scarious, often erose or ciliate, sometimes keeled (midribs
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calyx bilaterally symmetric, rotate to campanulate, lobes linear to suborbiculate or triangular-cordate; corolla light to deep blue with lighter or reddish
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(–5) mm, herbaceous, margins white to purple, scarious, apex acuminate to rounded, hooded or not; petals (3–) 5, sometimes absent, white, claw narrow, tapering
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plane, narrowly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, short-clawed, 7-51 mm; petals 5, distinct, white to blue, yellow, or red, oblong to rounded or spatulate blade
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637, 652. Plants small to large, ± glaucous, green to rusty brown. Stems with branches erect to arcuate, sometimes attenuate to flagellate distally; central
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ascending, yellowbrown to dark-brown when mature, distinctly impressed veined, ovoid or obovoid to narrowly elliptic, rounded-trigonous or round in cross-section
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ascending, erect, or rarely reflexed; peduncle sometimes scapelike, sometimes extending beyond leaves, sometimes pubescent. Flowers bisexual; perianth campanulate
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auriculate; blade sometimes with dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, base tapered, acute, rounded, or cordate, margins
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veins, sometimes stipitate, sometimes inflated, elliptic to broadly obovate, rounded-trigonous to round in cross-section, 1.7–4 mm, base rounded or tapering
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white, yellow, green, or combination of these, ovate or obovate to linear, sometimes clawed; stamens 6, alternating in 2 whorls of 3, erect, incurved
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muticous to long-awned, sometimes ending in a fleshy, multistratose apiculus; basal-cells rectangular, with straight or sinuose and thin to thick cell-walls;
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-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary, (flowers sometimes replaced by bulbils), bracteate. Flowers: hypanthium partially adnate to proximal 1/2 to entire length
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apex obtuse to sharply acute or spinose, glabrous, sometimes glaucous. Inflorescences 3–50+-flowered, congested and capitate or sometimes open, umbellate
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glumes typically reduced (sometimes absent) and fused with the glabrous callus to form a cuplike structure; upper glumes lanceolate to ovate, glabrous or variously
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Quercus sect. Lobatae refer to height of the cup as seen in profile view. This measurement, taken from apex of peduncle to cup rim, has been used for those
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classical Latin name for poppy perhaps from Greek papa (pap), alluding to the thick, sometimes milky sap Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Herbs, annual, biennial
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linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, unequal, bases indurate to herbaceous, apices herbaceous, margins sometimes scarious, faces glabrous or moderately to densely
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on twigs numerous, straight to recurved, sometimes reflexed, 2-years old dark gray to blackish or chestnut-brown, medium to stout, (2–) 3–6.5 cm. Leaves:
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allomorphic fruits achenes or schizocarps. Seeds ellipsoid to subglobose; caruncle present, sometimes rudimentary. x = 10. North America, Mexico, West Indies
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throat slightly to gradually inflated, not constricted to constricted at orifice, rounded to slightly 2-ridged abaxially; stamens included to exserted, filaments
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rarely prolonged. Glumes usually unequal, sometimes subequal, exceeded by the florets, membranous, rounded to weakly keeled, 1-veined, veins scabrous, apices
14 KB (1,093 words) - 04:44, 30 July 2020
Mentioned on page 491, 505. Plants not developing basal rosette of leaves, sometimes with long-creeping rhizomes. Stems erect, ascending, procumbent, or decumbent
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appressed to the panicle branches, lengths 5-22 times widths. Lemmas rounded over the back, apices acute to rounded or truncate, entire to irregularly
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white, sometimes also ferruginous; juvenile blade hairs white, sometimes also ferruginous. Catkins usually flowering as leaves emerge (sometimes throughout
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ovate to ± falcate; blade orbiculate or reniform, unlobed or palmately 3–7 (–9) -lobed or divided, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate to dentate
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tapering), hairy; distal smaller (bases sometimes clasping), margins (sometimes undulate) serrate to entire, faces hispid to strigose, stipitate-glandular. Heads
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Plants in small to large mats, usually golden to yellow-green, glossy or dull. Stems reddish green or sometimes redbrown, reclining or sometimes erect or arching
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homophyllous or heterophyllous, sometimes heterocarpic; roots fibrous or woody. Stems prostrate to erect, glabrous, smooth or sometimes papillous-scabridulous.
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veins usually shortly hairy below, apices rounded to truncate, emarginate to bilobed, midvein often excurrent to 0.5 mm, lateral-veins not or more shortly
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thin-walled, often lax; distal cells quadrate or sometimes slightly longer than wide, small and obscure to large and lax, usually pluripapillose on both surfaces
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obovate or elliptic, base usually oblique, sometimes cordate or rounded to cuneate, margins serrate to doubly serrate; venation pinnate. Inflorescences fascicles
9 KB (681 words) - 08:23, 30 July 2020
(–9) cm, thin to chartaceous, base cuneate to rounded, sometimes truncate to subcordate, lobes 0 or 1–4 (or 5) per side, sinuses shallow to ± deep, lobe
16 KB (1,084 words) - 14:44, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Plants cespitose, short to long rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. Culms brown at base, shorter than leaves. Leaves:
9 KB (463 words) - 02:12, 30 July 2020
unlobed, base cordate to truncate, margins crenate to dentate, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded, surfaces glabrous or subglabrous to variously stipitate-glandular;
14 KB (831 words) - 12:58, 30 July 2020
deciduous, sometimes persistent, free or short-adnate to petiole, linear, ovate to lanceolate, or flabellate, margins entire or dentate to laciniate; petiole
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apex acute, often prolonged tip; petals [4] 5 (sometimes numerous if “double”), pink to red, sometimes white, obovate, apex usually emarginate; stamens
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herbaceous [sometimes fleshy], margins and/or apices sometimes notably scarious (at least inner; sometimes prickly-ciliate). Receptacles flat to conic, epaleate
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margins entire or sometimes serrate distally; apex usually acute; costa single; alar cells rounded to quadrate; medial laminal cells rhomboidal to fusiform, smooth
9 KB (332 words) - 07:54, 30 July 2020
occasionally lanceolate; apex broadly acute to rounded, mucronate to hair-pointed, occasionally cucullate; margins plane to weakly recurved on one or both sides
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triangular, ovate to lingulate; with rounded and sometimes erose apex; border entire; hyaline cells rhomboid to S-shaped, nonornamented, efibrillose to fibrillose
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