Volume 20. Treatment on page 174. Mentioned on page 16, 413. Perennials, 2–30 (–60) cm (mat-forming or cespitose [pulvinate]; branched caudices, taproots ± well-developed)
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flushed purple-maroon, 8–30 (–60) cm, sparsely or densely hairy, hairs mostly simple, bristly, to 3 mm. Leaf-blades unlobed, 1.5–6 cm, margins crenate-dentate
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Association Stems 1.5–4 cm diam., internodes 3–10 cm; scales orange, brownish, or golden, denticulate. Roots from under surface. Petiole 30–60 cm, essentially glabrous
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appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 186. Mentioned on page 5. Shrubs, 30–60 cm (rounded). Stems erect (bark whitish), intricately branched, becoming leafless
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Plants to 30–60 cm; bulb 2–4 × 2–3 (–4) cm. Leaves: sheaths 3–6 mm, membranous; blade deep green, linear to ligulate, 30–50 (–70) × 0.5–2 cm, apex obtuse
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Flora of North America Association Plants 30-60 cm, glabrous or sometimes sparsely pilose proximally. Leaves 2-12 cm; blade with primary lobes 5-13, remote
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glabrous or finely puberulent. Leaves with pungent odor of horseradish; 30–60 cm, leaflets distributed on 4–8 pairs of pinnae; pinnae largest near base
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 488. Mentioned on page 460. Perennials, 10–30 (–60) cm (rhizomatous; aquatic to subaquatic). Stems decumbent or erect (sometimes
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attenuate apices. Leaves 30–60 (–100) cm. Pinnae bright green and shiny adaxially, 4–10 (–12) pairs, ovate-attenuate, usually falcate, 4–8.5 cm, leathery, sometimes
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Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 30–60 cm. Roots 2–3 mm diam. Stems subterranean, short. Leaves green at anthesis
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Mentioned on page 5, 400. Plants (5–) 10–30 (–60) cm. Leaves basal (often withering) and, usually, cauline, 1–6 (–10) cm; largest blades ± 3-dimensional, not
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Annaliese Miller Copyright: Utah State University Plants winter-annuals. Culms 30-60 cm. Leaves green. Spikes green. Central floret sessile to subsessile; lemmas
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 167. Mentioned on page 8, 168. Subshrubs 30–60 cm; taproots stout, bases woody, branched. Stems strictly erect, mostly simple
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Leaves 30-60 cm; petiole 3.5-12 cm. Leaflets (7-) 11-17, ovate to lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, ± symmetric, (2.5-) 5-11 (-17.5) × 1.5-6.5 cm, margins
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page 245, 246, 247, 252. Shrubs or subshrubs. Stems ascending to erect, 30–60 cm, glaucous. Leaves: cauline 6–12 pairs, sessile or short-petiolate, (12–)
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Culms to 30 (–60) cm. Leaves: blades 2–4 mm wide. Inflorescences 2–6 (–8) cm; proximal internode 10–40 mm; peduncle of proximal spikes exserted to 4 cm; proximal
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simple distally, 15–30 (–60) cm. Leaves: petiole 1/2 as long as to equaling blade; blade ovate or rhombic-ovate, 1–2.7 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate to broadly
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials, 10–30 (–60) cm (caudices 1–2 cm diam.). Stems contracted, at soil surface or ± subterranean (except
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 30-60 cm. Basal leaves 2-3×-ternately compound, 10-35 cm, much shorter than stems; leaflets green adaxially
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Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Culms to 17 cm. Blades 30-60 cm long, 6-12 mm wide. Branches 4-14 cm long, 7-15 mm wide, spikelets closely imbricate
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Association Biennials or perennials (rarely flowering first-year), 10–30 (–60+) cm. Stems arachno-villous (gray to gray-green). Heads in ± loose to crowded
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on page 10, 13, 14, 211, 214, 222, 231. Annuals or perennials, (5–) 30–60 (–200) cm (sometimes becoming shrubby through shoot persistence, with camphor
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Treatment on page 319. Plants (15–) 30–50 (–60) cm; bulbs progressively renewed over 3–4 years, 2–3 × 2.5–3.5 cm; bulblets numerous. Leaves (3–) 4–6;
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Perennials (perhaps flowering first-year, usually rhizomatous), (10–) 30–60 (–100+) cm (aerial stems usually proximally tomentose and distally stipitate-glandular)
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translucent; blades 30-60 cm long, 6-20 mm wide, both surfaces smooth or adaxial surfaces scabridulous. Panicles 15-45 cm long, to 30 cm wide, open; branches
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20. Treatment on page 533. Mentioned on page 469, 534, 537. Perennials, 30–60 cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous. Stems 1–6, ascending to erect, glabrous or
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plicate, with scattered hairs on each surface. Panicles 30-60 cm, lanceoloid; branches 2-5 cm, stiff; bristles solitary, usually present only below the
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (15-) 30-60 cm; base usually reddish, glabrous to glaucous. Leaves basal and cauline;
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America Association Plants annual. Stems erect, simple or branched, (6–) 20–30 (–60) cm; internodes glabrous or midstem ones slightly scabrous. Leaves: sheath
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University Plants perennial; cespitose, without rhizomes or stolons. Culms (10) 30-60 cm, erect, unbranched. Leaves mostly basal; sheaths mostly glabrous, margins
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inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 30–60 cm. Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 5–10 × 1–3 cm, usually ca. (3–) 5–7 times as long as
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in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 500. Mentioned on page 493. Shrubs, 30–60 cm. Stems intricately branched, hirtellous, sparsely glanddotted. Leaves alternate;
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Illustrator: Cindy Roché, Linda A. Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Culms 30-60 cm, usually slender, sometimes to 2 mm thick. Sheaths glabrous or sparsely
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Volume 22. Herbs; nodes with 2 roots. Leaves: sheath 4–20 cm, margins not overlapping; blade 30–60 cm ´ 1–4 mm, margins serrulate distally, apex obtuse to truncate
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linear-lanceolate, margins dentate. Petiole 30–60 cm. Blade ovate, 2-pinnate to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid, 50–100 × 15–50 cm, base ± narrowed, apex abruptly acuminate
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Treatment on page 509. Mentioned on page 460, 507. Perennials or subshrubs, 30–60 (–100) cm. Stems erect, much branched. Leaves cauline; mostly opposite (distal
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Flora of North America Association Plants 30–60 (–80) cm, usually robust. Stems erect. Basal leaves 100–450 × 20–60 mm. Heads usually borne singly, sometimes
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Linda A. Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Culms 60-120 cm, from knotty rhizomes. Leaves 30-60 cm, junction of the sheath and blade inconspicuous abaxially;
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Treatment on page 443. Mentioned on page 435, 436. Biennials or perennials, 30–60 cm (monocarpic; sometimes with sparingly branched, woody caudices). Stems
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on page 123. Plants 30–60 cm. Stems sprawling to weakly erect, strigose to hirsute. Leaf-blades ovate or 3-lobed, 1.5–4 × 1–1.5 cm, bases broadly ± cuneate
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Treatment on page 523. Mentioned on page 521. Perennials or subshrubs, 15–30 (–60) cm (not cespitose), aromatic (caudices woody). Stems 1–10, erect, gray-green
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FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 494. Mentioned on page 493. Perennials, 30–60+ cm (rhizomatous). Stems 1, erect, branched distally, proximally glabrate,
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 41. Mentioned on page 39, 40, 42. Perennials, 30–60 cm (rhizomes branched). Stems ascending to erect, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular
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page 548. Perennials, 30–60 cm. Stems erect, glabrous. Leaves opposite; petioles 25–70 mm; blades broadly ovate-deltate, 4–8 × 5–9 cm, (thin, delicate) bases
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Herbs, annual, cespitose, rarely solitary, (4–) 10–30 (–60) cm. Stems compact. Leaves in fans, 2–10 (–15) cm; sheath base greenish to pink; blade green or red-tinged
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appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 66. Mentioned on page 64. Annuals 30–60 cm. Stems ascending. Leaf-blades: middle and distal lanceolate-deltate, margins
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Gray Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 533. Plants 30–60 cm. Cauline leaf-bases often clasping. Heads usually 5–15. Phyllaries green
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appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 73. Mentioned on page 72. Plants 30–60 cm. Leaves crowded, gray; blades 1-nerved, linear, 20–40 × ca. 1 mm, faces
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Michael J. Warnock Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems (17-) 30-60 (-100) cm; base reddish or not, glabrous to puberulent. Leaves scattered or mostly
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(when dry), fibrous. Stems mostly erect, sometimes reclining, (20-) 30-60 (-150) cm, glabrous, from rhizomes or branched caudices. Leaves mainly cauline
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small clumps. Culms reddish-brown to dark maroon at base; flowering-stems 30–60 cm, much longer than leaves at maturity, 1–1.3 mm thick, sparingly pubescent
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on page 3, 9, 12, 18, 458, 459, 461, 462, 466. Annuals or perennials, 2–200 cm (colonial or cespitose, usually ± strongly heterophyllous, usually eglandular
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Subshrubs or perennials, 30–60 cm cespitose; rhizomes woody, elongate, branched. Stems 1–20+, erect, branched
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(15–) 30–60 cm, sparsely pubescent proximally, viscid-glandular distally. Leaves mostly basal; blade linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, 2–8 cm × 2–6 (–15)
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Caudices simple, 1–15 × 1–4 cm, axillary branches absent. Leaves: rosettes solitary, not in clumps, 10–35-leaved, 5–30 (–60) cm diam.; blade ± chalky white
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blades 30-60 cm long, 14-28 mm wide, glabrous at maturity. Peduncles 40-60 cm, pilose; panicles 3-10 cm wide, oblong to lanceolate; rachises 15-34 cm, densely
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sheath 0.5–5 cm, blades 30–60 cm × 6–11 mm. Spikes: proximal pistillate spikes 2–5 per culm, ± separate, 20–75-flowered, cylindric, 3–8 × 2–3 cm; terminal
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Association Perennials, 10–30 (–60+) cm. Aerial nodes proximal to first peduncle usually 1–3 (–5+), distalmost 1–3 internodes 1–2 (–8+) cm. Leaves: basal and cauline
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hairs to 7 mm. Panicles (25) 30-60 cm long, 25-40 cm wide, broadly ovate to obovate, open, diffuse; primary branches 5-25 cm, diverging 20-90° from the rachises
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the base. Panicles (25) 30-60 cm long, 15—45 cm wide, broadly ovate to obovate, open, diffuse; primary branches mostly 5-25 (32) cm, diverging 20-90° from
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (15-) 30-60 (-80) cm; base usually reddish, puberulent. Leaves distribution variable; basal
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flat, 4–45 cm × 2.5–6 mm. Inflorescences 6–19 cm, 1.4–2.2 times longer than proximal bract; proximal bracts 2–9 cm; sheath 0.6–2 cm, blade 1.5–7 cm; proximal
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Linny Heagy Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials, 30–60+ cm; rhizomatous and/or fibrous-rooted (rhizomes or caudices erect to horizontal)
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Conservation concernEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems (7-) 15-30 (-60) cm; base reddish, glabrous to puberulent. Leaves mostly on proximal 1/3 of
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 535. Mentioned on page 472. Perennials, 30–60 cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous. Stems 1–5+, ascending to erect, densely puberulent
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Treatment on page 441. Mentioned on page 435, 436. Biennials or perennials, 30–60 cm (monocarpic; sometimes with sparingly branched, woody caudices). Stems
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Mentioned on page 207. Annuals, (5–) 10–30 (–60+) cm. Leaves: petioles 3–20 mm; blades usually rounded-deltate overall, 10–30+ × 5–20+ mm, 1–2-pinnatisect, ultimate
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Culms 30-60 cm, slender. Sheaths pilose-pubescent to nearly glabrous; blades 7-28 cm long, 2-9 mm wide, pilose or glabrous. Panicles 10-20 cm long, 3-9
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Linda A. Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Plants cespitose. Culms 30-60 cm, erect; lower nodes sometimes hispid. Sheaths scabridulous, rounded; ligules
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compressed, without spots, 30–60 cm; glands rare, when present, brown to green, 0.1–0.3 mm diam. Turions terminal, rare, 2.8–3 cm × 1.5–3 mm, soft; leaves
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Perennials or subshrubs, 30–60 (–90) cm. Stems erect (woolly). Leaves (proximal alternate): blades rhombic to obovate, 2–6 cm, 1-pinnately lobed (lobes
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1st-order inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 30–60 cm. Leaf-blades narrowly linear-lanceolate, 6–17 × 1–3 cm, usually ca. 7–10 times as long as wide, widest
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (25-) 30-60 (-80) cm; base sometimes reddish, puberulent. Leaves basal and cauline; basal
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427, 433. Biennials or perennials (perhaps flowering first-year), 15–30 (–60) cm. Stems erect, usually reddish, sometimes stramineous, glabrous. Cauline
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Mentioned on page 148, 245, 246, 247. Herbs. Stems ascending to erect, (30–) 60–100 cm, slightly glaucous or not. Leaves: basal and proximal cauline 20–165
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (20-) 30-60 (-90) cm; base reddish, glabrous. Leaves mostly on proximal 1/2 of stem; green
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Flora of North America Association Plants loosely cespitose. Culms (10–) 30–40 (–60) cm, smooth. Leaves 3–5 mm wide. Inflorescences: proximal bracts shorter
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Mentioned on page 96, 243. Stems (20–) 30–40 (–60) cm, glabrous or scabrous proximally. Leaves (7–) 10–25 pairs, (3–) 5–30 (–40) × 0.5–1 (–2.5) mm, blade base
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culms; cespitose, rhizomes occa¬sionally present, shorter than 1 cm. Culms (25) 30-60 (70) cm, unbranched, mostly smooth, sparsely scabrous beneath the panicles;
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Volume 19. Treatment on page 501. Mentioned on page 499. Subshrubs, 30–60 (–70) cm (aromatic). Stems erect to ± decumbent at bases, tomentose. Leaves mostly
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Mentioned on page 389. Annuals, 30–60 cm. Stems scabrous to glabrate, not stipitate-glandular. Leaf-blades lance-linear, 30–70 × 2–8 mm. Involucres ± cylindric
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Heagy Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 12–40 cm (short form) or 30–60 cm (tall form); slender, fibrous-rooted, rhizomelike bases, strongly
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concern Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 394. Herbs, 30–60 cm. Stems sparsely puberulent or scabrous on angles only at base of plant
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20. Treatment on page 315. Mentioned on page 314. Stems ascending-erect, 30–60 cm, densely hirsutulous (hairs spreading-deflexed, sometimes ascending-strigose)
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distance before abruptly diverging; heads usually 10–30(–50)(–100+ rarely, in aberrant plants); plants 30–60+ cm; rays occasionally lighter yellow with age (damp
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Association Annuals, (15–) 30–60 (–150) cm. Leaves: petioles 10–30 mm; blades lanceolate to lance-linear overall, 30–80 (–150) × 10–30 (–50) mm, usually laciniately
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Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page 65, 95, 100. Perennials, 10–45 (–100) cm (taproots slender or massive, thick or thin-barked; caudices unbranched or
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America Association Stems erect, spheric to ovoid-cylindric, 30–90 (–250) × 30–60 (–100) cm; ribs (15–) 21–32, shallowly notched immediately above each
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Illustrator: Copyright: Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. Culms 30-60 cm, bases orangebrown; nodes 3-6; basal branching intravaginal. Sheaths mostly
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials, 30–60 (–100+) cm. Leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate, 30–350+ × 20–120+ mm, margins usually crenate to serrate
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America Association Annuals (sometimes biennials or perennials), (5–) 30–60 (–80) cm. Stems 1, ascending to erect, usually branched distally, sometimes proximally
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Copyright: Utah State University Plants loosely cespitose, rhizomatous. Culms 30-60 cm. Sheaths closed for about 3/4 their length, glabrous or scabrous-pubescent
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axillary shoots below 1st-order inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 30–60 (–80) cm. Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate, 10–20 (–22) × 1–3.5 (–4.5) mm, usually
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 165. Mentioned on page 163, 166. Plants 30–60+ cm; caudices branching; vascular-bundles and petiole bases marcescent (attached
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Volume 19. Treatment on page 293. Mentioned on page 281, 282, 283. Plants 30–60 cm. Stems proximally usually glabrous, sometimes piloso-hirsute (hairs 1–5+
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in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 111. Mentioned on page 107. Plants 30–60+ cm (perennating bases ± erect, internodes not winged). Leaves all or mostly
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Stems (20–) 30–60 cm. Leaves: basal axils ± densely tomentose, terminal lobes (4–) 10–30 mm; cauline (2–) 3–8. Heads 5–60. Peduncles 2–8 cm. Phyllaries
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FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 196. Perennials, 10–30 (–60) cm. Internodes (± mid-stem) 1–4 (–5+) cm. Leaves mostly cauline; opposite; petioles 0–1 mm,
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20. Treatment on page 601. Mentioned on page 577, 578, 579. Perennials, 30–60+ cm; taprooted (caudices relatively thick, weakly ascending or erect), sometimes
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with short rhizomes. Culms 30-350 cm. Sheaths glabrous; blades 30-60 cm long, 2-8 mm wide. Peduncles 0.7-7 cm; rames 1.5-2.5 cm, 1 almost sessile, the other
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erect branches, smoothly 4-angled, (20–) 30–60 cm, glabrous. Leaves sessile; blade linear-lanceolate, 1.5–5 cm × 1–4 mm, base cuneate, margins smooth, apex
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 553. Mentioned on page 547. Perennials, (20–) 30–60 cm (rhizomes branched, spreading or suberect). Herbage (unevenly purple-tinged
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(sometimes flowering first-year or persisting), 10–30 (–60+) cm. Leaf-blades ovate or rounded-deltate to elliptic, 30–80 (–120+) × 10–20 (–40+) mm, usually ± pinnately
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19. Treatment on page 490. Mentioned on page 489. Perennials, (20–) 30–60 (–80) cm. Stems 1–3+ (ridged), erect, branched (usually glabrous proximally,
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FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 521. Mentioned on page 513, 514. Plants 30–60 cm. Corms subglobose to depressed-globose. Stems stipitate-glandular. Leaves:
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in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 286. Mentioned on page 280. Plants 30–60 cm (herbage sometimes glaucous). Stems proximally glabrous or piloso-hirsute
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Treatment on page 277. Bulbs ovoid, ca. 1.5 cm diam.; outer coats brown; bulblets 10–20+. Scapes 1–2, terete, 30–60 cm × 2–3 mm. Leaves 2–9, sheaths enveloping
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Mentioned on page 72. Plants 30–60 cm. Leaves widely spaced, green; blades 1-nerved, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 30–50 (–80) × 1–2 (–3) mm, faces
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Perennials, 10–30 (–60+) cm (often stoloniferous). Aerial nodes proximal to first peduncle usually 1–2 (–3), distalmost 1–3 internodes 1–4 (–8+) cm. Leaves:
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Treatment on page 345. Mentioned on page 339, 342. Leaves 10–40 cm × 4–22 mm. Scape 30–60 cm, smooth to scabrous. Flowers: perianth white, unstriped, 7–10
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usually several, decumbent, rarely 1 erect stem, 30–60 cm. Leaves 1–8 × 0.2–1.1 cm; petiole 0–3 cm; blade narrowly lanceolate-elliptic, base cuneate or
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rhizomelike, tuberiferous. Stems unbranched or few-branched proximally, 30–60 cm, faces strongly unequal, 1 pair of opposite faces rounded to convex, the
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anthesis, 10–25 cm; petiole narrowly winged distally, 0.1–9 cm, shorter than blade; blade oblong-spatulate, obovate, or elliptic, 4–16 × 1.5–6.5 cm, leathery
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page 423. Mentioned on page 416, 422. Biennials or short-lived perennials, 30–60 cm; taprooted. Stems densely and persistently white-tomentose, usually with
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 393. Mentioned on page 391. Perennials, (15–) 30–60 cm, often woody proximally or at crowns. Stems erect to spreading, branching
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Treatment on page 493. Mentioned on page 492. Plants decumbent or ascending, 30–60 cm; twigs of current season green, glabrous, ridged from decurrent leaf-bases
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396. Perennials, 30–60 cm. Stems 1–7, sparsely lanate. Leaves mostly cauline; blades green, lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, 5–11 cm, margins sinuate
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312. Stems (20–) 30–60 cm. Leaves: basal axils ± densely tomentose, terminal lobes 3–15 mm; cauline 0–3. Heads 3–8. Peduncles 2–12 cm. Phyllaries 6–10
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FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 374. Mentioned on page 368. Plants 30–60 (–110) cm. Stems (often relatively numerous, clustered in clonal patches) simple
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elongate, nodulose, to 5 mm thick. Culms usually in tufts, erect, slender, 30–60 (–70) cm, sometimes appearing weak, glabrous or hairy. Leaves: proximal sheaths
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials or subshrubs, (20–) 30–60 (–80) cm (woody crowns and woody rhizomes). Stems erect (brittle), minutely puberulent
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Linda A. Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Plants cespitose. Culms 30-60 cm, stiffly erect, wiry, sparsely pubescent to almost glabrous. Cauline blades
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Delphinium leucophaeum Greene Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems 30-60 cm. Flowers: sepals white or light yellow, spurs 9-11 mm; lower petal blades
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Thyrses 8–30 cm, interrupted; stems (25–)30–60 cm; Arizona. Penstemon distans 6 Thyrses 2–7(–8) cm, continuous or interrupted; stems 2–25 cm; Utah. > 7
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 71. Mentioned on page 52, 62, 72. Plants 10–100 cm. Stems ascending to erect, greenish when young becoming tan and gray, sometimes
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Mentioned on page 379, 380, 394. Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, 23–60 cm, puberulent or ± scabrous on angles near base or throughout. Stems erect
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Treatment on page 123. Mentioned on page 65, 66. Perennials or subshrubs, 30–220 cm. Stems usually erect or spreading, sometimes sprawling or scandent, branched
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on page 132. Mentioned on page 126, 133. Stems ascending to erect, (25–) 30–60 cm, puberulent proximally, glandular-pubescent distally. Leaves basal and
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Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants (15–) 30–60+ cm. Stems proximally piloso-hirsute (hairs 1.5–5+ mm), sometimes stellate-pubescent
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Perennials, 7–75 cm; taprooted (taproots usually not collected, often weakly developed), roots and caudices woody, branches rhizomelike (3–15 cm; fibrous-rooted)
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branched, 30–60 cm. Leaves in a basal rosette and cauline, rosette weakly developed or absent, at least during flowering, 3–9 × (0.6–) 1–2.5 cm; petiole
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4-1 mm; blades 30-100 cm long, 2-7 (9) cm wide, with a wedge-shaped, light to dark-brown area at the base. Panicles 30-60 cm long, to 30 cm wide. Spikelets
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cespitose. Culms 30-100 cm, erect; nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous, margins ciliate; ligules 0.2-0.5 mm, membranous, ciliate; blades (10) 30-60 cm long, 2-8
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basally tuberous-thickened, (5–) 15–40 (–80) cm × 1–2.5 mm, glabrous. Leaves flat to V-shaped, (5–) 10–30 (–60) cm × (0.5–) 1–3 (–4) mm. Inflorescences: spike
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Treatment on page 249. Mentioned on page 247. Herbs. Stems ascending to erect, 30–60 cm, glaucous. Leaves: basal and proximal cauline 26–56 × 7–15 mm, blade lanceolate
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 181. Mentioned on page 178. Subshrubs 30–60 cm. Stems single (erect to ascending), green when young, woody portions tan
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or ± terete, (3–) 20–45 (–70) cm × (0.8–) 1.2–2 mm, glabrous. Leaves (2–) 6–10 (–16), flat to V-shaped, (2–) 10–30 (–60) cm × 1–4 mm. Inflorescences: spike
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Plants annual; with dense fibrous-root growth, not stoloniferous. Culms 30-60 cm, erect or decumbent, occasionally rooting at the lower nodes. Sheaths usually
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State University Plants not cespitose, strongly rhizomatous. Culms 10-30 (60) cm tall, 1-2 mm thick, solitary or few together, glabrous or sparsely pubescent
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rhizomatous. Culms single or close together, trigonous to ± terete, (1–) 8–30 (–60) cm × (0.3–) 0.6–1.5 (–2.2) mm, glabrous. Leaves: blades present or reduced
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bearing tufts of basal leaves. Stems erect, simple proximal to inflorescence, 30–60 cm, softly pubescent and stipitate-glandular. Leaves 2 per node; basal ± petiolate
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usually with 1+ ascending branches from basal rosette, 30–60 cm. Leaves 1–12 × 0.2–1.7 cm; petiole 0–1 cm, distal ones sessile; blade lanceolate to narrowly
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Copyright: Utah State University Plants perennial; cespitose, rhizomatous. Culms 30-60 cm, erect, geniculate at the middle nodes; nodes glabrous or pubescent, hairs
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaves 10–40 cm × 4–22 mm. Scape 30–60 cm, smooth to scabrous. Flowers: perianth white, sometimes flushed
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1–3 × 1–1.5 cm, tomentose abaxially, thinly floccose or glabrous adaxially, margins undulate-crisped. Inflorescences cymose, 50–100 × 30–60 cm; branches
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page 537. Mentioned on page 532, 533, 540. Plants candelabra-form, (7–) 30–50 (–60) cm. Basal leaves persisting; petiole present or absent; blade linear-lanceolate
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (15-) 30-50 (-60) cm; base sometimes reddish, pubescent. Leaves mostly on proximal 1/4 of
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or lithophytic, 30–60 (–75) cm. Leaves absent at flowering time, 2–8, short-petiolate; blade elliptic to broadly lanceolate, 30 × 5 cm, apex acute to obtuse
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Linda A. Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Plants annual. Culms (30) 60-250 cm, mostly erect, compressed, sometimes branch¬ing from the lower nodes;
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on page 216. Mentioned on page 215. Perennials (weak or monocarpic), (30–) 60–110 cm; taprooted (new rosettes from bases of previous season’s stems or as
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Mentioned on page 255, 257, 295, 296, 298, 300, 302, 304. Annuals, 5–250 cm. Stems erect. Leaves mostly cauline (at flowering) proximal opposite (often
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Annuals or biennials, 30–60 (–80) cm; taprooted. Stems (1+ from base, erect to ascending) loosely tomentose
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Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Plants densely cespitose. Culms 30-50 (60) cm, erect, with several nodes, sparingly branched, scabrous to puberulent
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proximal nodes, 30–60 (–90) cm. Leaf-blades light green to yellowish green, linear-lanceolate, occasionally lanceolate, 6–14 × 1–3.5 (–4) cm, usually ca.
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inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 30–60 (–90) cm. Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate, occasionally almost linear, 5–13 × (0.5–) 1–2.5 cm, usually ca. 7 or more times
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axillary shoots below 1st-order inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 30–50 (–60) cm. Leaf-blades light or yellowish green, veins scarcely prominent abaxially
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erect, simple or branched, terete, sometimes 4-angled distally, (5–) 30–60 (–80) cm, glabrous, glaucous. Leaves basal and cauline; petiole: basal and proximal
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(10–25 cm), longer pedicels (3–8 mm), and shorter petals (5–6 mm). The northern populations are distinguished by the combination of longer stems (30–60 cm)
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384, 391. Perennials or subshrubs, 10–100 cm; caudices branched, usually woody, taproots 2–18+ cm. Stems 1–30+, branched throughout or in distal 1/2–2/3
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Volume 25. Treatment on page 384. Plants perennial; rhizomatous. Culms 60-120 cm, stiffly erect, clustered. Sheaths open; ligules 0.1-0.3 mm, membranous
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353. Plants perennial; sometimes cespitose, often rhizomatous. Culms 10-350 cm, erect, with extravaginal branching. Leaves basal or evenly distributed; sheaths
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perennial). Culms trigonous, (4–) 10–50 (–130) cm × (0.5–) 1–4 mm. Leaves flanged V or inversely W-shaped, 5–30 (–60) cm × 4–12 mm. Inflorescences: spikes 1–5 (–12)
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(–17) cm × 3–10 mm, ciliate at base. Inflorescences tending to nodding with secund flowers, usually with 3–7 flowering nodes, slender, elongate, 4–30 (–60)
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distally, 30–60 cm. Leaves in a weakly developed basal rosette and cauline, basal 9–23 × 1–2.5 cm, cauline 5–11 × 1.5–3.5 cm; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm; blade very
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University Plants annual or of indefinite duration. Culms 10-100 cm long, erect portion 30-60 cm, long-decumbent, rooting and branching at the decumbent nodes
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loosely cespitose, with several culms arising from the same tuft. Culms (10) 30-60 cm. Sheaths pubescent, shredding into fibers, cauline leaf-sheaths tightly
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page 245. Mentioned on page 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 246. Plants (1–) 5–30 (–60) cm; taproots seldom branched. Stems 1–15+, ascending to erect, pinkish to
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page 312. Stems 30–60 (–70) cm. Leaves: basal axils ± densely tomentose, terminal lobes 3–6 mm; cauline 5–12. Heads 4–14. Peduncles 1–6 cm. Phyllaries 7–10
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Treatment on page 568. Mentioned on page 546. Perennials (annuals?), 30–60 (–100) cm (apparently taprooted). Herbage viscid-pubescent (reputedly notably
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Volume 19. Treatment on page 291. Mentioned on page 279, 282. Plants 30–60 (–100+) cm. Stems proximally piloso-hirsute (hairs 1–3+ mm), distally stellate-pubescent
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22. Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 50–150 cm. Stems compact. Leaves ascending in narrow fans, (19–) 30–50 (–60) cm; sheaths pinkish or pale-red, soft, smooth;
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20. Treatment on page 555. Mentioned on page 547. Perennials, (20–) 30–40 (–60) cm (rhizomes suberect or weakly spreading). Herbage lanate-arachnose or
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204, 220. Illustrator: Copyright: Plants perennial, densely cespitose, 30–60 (–90) cm; rhizomes forking, compact. Culms lax, leafy toward base, filiform,
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basal and cauline; involucres 4–30 mm diam > 60 60 Perennials (rhizomatous); leaves linear to filiform Phoebanthus 60 Perennials or shrubs (not rhizomatous);
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Culms trigonous, (30–) 60–130 cm × 1–4 (–9) mm, densely papillose, otherwise glabrous. Leaves with cross ribs prominent, V-shaped, 30–100 cm × 5–13 (–20) mm
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cylindric, (15–) 30–60 (–90) cm, axis glabrous, verticillasters 9–12 (–20), cymes (1–) 3–9-flowered; proximal bracts ovate to lanceolate, 11–55 × 4–30 mm; peduncles
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page 176. Mentioned on page 157, 177. Stems ascending to erect, (14–) 30–60 (–90) cm, glabrous or retrorsely hairy, not glaucous. Leaves basal and cauline
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amabile subsp. apachense Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems (17-) 30-60 (-100) cm. Leaves basal and cauline, basal often absent at anthesis; basal leaves
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2-200-flowered panicles, racemes, corymbs, umbels, or flowers solitary, to 41 cm; involucres absent or present, involucral-bracts 2-3 (these compound, often
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706. Plants perennial; often cespitose, usually rhizomatous. Culms 10-210 cm, unbranched or branched, more or less smooth, nodes 1-8. Sheaths open, smooth
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FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 14. Plants annual or perennial. Culms 1-500 cm, not woody, usually not branched above the base. Sheaths usually open, often
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obvious bracts. Spikelets with (0-1) 2 (3-6) glumes (empty bracts) subtending 1-60 florets, glumes and florets distichously attached to a rachilla (central axis);
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542, 543, 545, 548, 580, 582, 584. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 3–100+ cm (rhizomatous or taprooted, often with relatively thin, branched fibrous-roots)
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Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes with
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571, 578, 579, 585, 593, 604, 607, 609, 610, 618, 633. Shrubs or trees, (5–) 30–110 (–150) dm. Stems: trunks 1–several, ± erect to oblique, bark usually flattened-scaly
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often cespitose, sometimes mat-forming, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 2-300 cm, erect, geniculate, or decumbent, usually herbaceous, sometimes becoming woody
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leaf blades mostly 3–8+ cm and radiate heads with yellow corollas (laminae mostly 15–25+ mm) borne on peduncles mostly 3–15+ cm are cultivated in warm areas
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artificiality of that system. Schulz divided the family into 19 tribes and 30 subtribes based on characters (e.g., fruit length-to-width ratio, compression
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and P. radiata). Involucres hemispheric to narrowly campanulate, 5–15 (–30) × 5–60 mm. Phyllaries 10–40 in 2–6 series, appressed to loosely spreading, 1-nerved
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72, 85, 188. Shrubs (trees in Ericameria parishii var. parishii), 10–500 cm. Stems usually erect to ascending, rarely prostrate, fastigiately or intricately
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on page 460, 507. Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, (12–) 30–120 (–200) cm. Stems mostly erect, often much branched (sometimes virgate, often
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purplish). Ray-florets usually 5–30+ (–100+ in cultivars), rarely 0, neuter; corollas usually yellow. Disc-florets (15–) 30–150+ (–1000+ in cultivars), bisexual
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or linear > 30 30 Cypselae flattened, 2–(3–4)-nerved; pappi of outer, shorter bristles orscales plus inner, longer bristles Ionactis 30 Cypselae ± compressed
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present; compound thorns on trunk abundant or absent; twigs ± thorny, thorns 10–60 (–100) mm, growth determinate (indeterminate in sect. Crataegus); glabrous
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oblanceolate, spatulate, fan-shaped, or rhombic, seldom folded along midribs, 0.5–18 cm, membranous to leathery, margins flat, usually entire or toothed, sometimes
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paniclelike, rarely simple. Pedicels present. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, (1–) 4–30 per ocreate fascicle, base stipelike; perianth green, pinkish, or red, campanulate
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associated with moist to wet habitats, usually with water not more than 50 cm deep in the growing season. Species of Carex are often dominant or co-dominant
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in Pereskia and several genera outside the flora), terete or flat, 0–3 cm (to 10 cm in Pereskia); stipules absent. Spines flexible and hairlike or bristlelike
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phyllaries in 2–4 series, pistillate florets in 2–8 series, bisexual florets 10(–30), corollas yellow, 4-lobed, and cypselae obovoid, 1–1.5 mm, epappose. Traditionally
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Mentioned on page 184, 185, 206. Annuals or perennials [shrubs, vines], 5–400 cm. Stems usually 1, usually erect, (terete or 4-angled, often striate or sulcate)
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circular, elliptic, ovate, lanceolate, or obovate to oblanceolate, 2–60 (–120) × 1.2–40 cm, nearly smooth to tuberculate, glabrous or pubescent; areoles usually
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194, 351. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 1–2 (–3) or (1–) 5–15 (–75+) cm (usually taprooted or developing ± woody caudices, sometimes rhizomatous)
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73 Scape (3–)5–15(–17) cm; umbel persistent; tepals erect, not connivent over capsule in fruit. Allium hickmanii 73 Scape 15–60 cm; umbel shattering, each
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Cronquist’s (1981, 1988, 1993) very broadly circumscribed Liliaceae. No fewer than 30 segregate families have been recognized, though there is not universal acceptance
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(Platystele Garay), to 15–20 cm diameter (some Paphiopedilum Pfitzer, Phragmipedium Rolfe, and Cattleya Lindley spp.), and ultimately to 76 cm [Phragmipedium caudatum
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subshrubs 100–200 cm that are initially arachnose to tomentose, soon glabrescent, and have oblanceolate to linear or filiform leaves (2–7 cm), notably small
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subshrubs, or shrubs, (1–)5–200(–300) cm; phyllaries 2–50+; ray florets 0 or (1–)4–21(–60+); disc florets (1–)5–60(–300); pappi 0 or of smooth to barbellate
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diam.; florets 10–30 > 26 25 Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs; involucres (2–)4–7 mm diam.; florets (3–)25–50 > 27 26 Perennials, 20–60 cm (viscid); corollas
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Eleocharis (R. Brown) Endlicher Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 60. Mentioned on page 4, 6, 7, 29, 61, 121. Illustrator: Elizabeth Zimmerman
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proximally into tube, (4–) 10–28 (–40) mm; tube green, whitish, and/or purplish, 10–30-veined, cylindric to campanulate, urceolate, or clavate, terete, frequently
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Mountains, San Bernardino County > 30 30 Leaf blades elliptic to oblong, (2-)2.5-4.5(-5) × 1.5-3.5(-4) cm; petioles (2-)3-7 cm; involucres turbinate-campanulate
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loculicidal. Seeds black, flattened, obovoid, becoming globose distally. x = 30 (5 large, 25 small). Warmer regions in the Americas from the sw United States
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sometimes dioecious; cespitose, stoloniferous, or rhizomatous. Culms 2-160 cm, not woody, erect, decumbent, or geniculate, sometimes rooting at the lower
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appears in FNA Volume 3. Roots 1-5 (-9) -branched from within 1 cm of stem attachment, 2-7 (-16) cm, cormlike to fascicled or fibrous, ± fleshy, ± succulent,
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linear, rarely 2-lobed (A. neoscotica). Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 60–600, yellow, tan, brown, or black, angled, wings absent. x = 13. c, e North
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Phyllaries persistent, 8–30 in 2 (–3) series, 0-nerved or 2-nerved, lanceolate to linear, ± equal (herbaceous). Florets 10–60; corollas white or lavender
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Mentioned on page 52, 68, 486, 531. Perennials or subshrubs, (1–) 5–60 (–70) cm (usually aromatic). Stems 1–5+ (with interxylary cork), lax to erect,
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usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, rarely stoloniferous. Culms 10-250 cm, usually erect, rarely prostrate, glabrous. Sheaths open, usually glabrous
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Treatment on page 278. Mentioned on page 219, 279. Perennials, (5–) 20–150+ cm; taprooted (rootstocks sometimes woody, branched; stolons produced in some
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in FNA Volume 3. Roots 3-8 (-12) -branched at least 1 cm from stem attachment, (4-) 10-30 (-40) cm, fibrous, twisted, dry, thin threadlike segments apparent
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usually hairy. Ray-florets 0 or 8–15+; corollas bright-yellow. Discs 12–60 (–80) × 10–30 mm. Disc-florets (100–) 150–300 (–600+); corollas proximally yellow
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66, 67. Annuals or perennials [shrubs, trees], 7–15+ cm (Verbesina nana) or 30–200 (–400) [–2500+] cm. Stems usually erect, usually branched (internodes
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proximal bracts scalelike or bristlelike, rarely leaflike, not more than 5 cm, not more than 2 times as long as inflorescences, sheathless; lateral spikes
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Perennials, 5–10 cm. Leaves: basal 2-pinnate, 3–20 cm, lobes 2–50 × 0.5–2 (–3) mm; cauline 0–12. Heads 1–60 per stem. Peduncles 1–16 cm. Phyllaries whitish
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Koponen Ann. Bot. Fenn. 5: 145, figs. 14, 15, 20, 31, 32, 35, 36, 41, 43, 47, 60, 69, 78, 81, 98, 100. 1968. Terry T. McIntosh, Steven G. Newmaster Etymology:
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annual; culms 1-60 cm tall; rachillas not prolonged beyond the base of the distal florets Aira 21 Plants perennial or annual; culms 5-150 cm tall; rachillas
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In apomictic individuals, the pollen grains are significantly larger (20–30 µm diam.), and spheroid with asymmetrical colpi. The differences in pollen
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shoots not keeled and tubular, of extravaginal shoots scalelike. Culms 1-150 cm, hollow, usually unbranched above the base. Sheaths from almost completely
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flattened distally, 0.2–1.3 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy or papillate, hairs or papillae to 1.5 mm, rarely glabrous;
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 353. Mentioned on page 17. Perennials, 30–200+ cm (rhizomatous, stoloniferous, or with basal offshoots). Stems erect to
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flattened distally, 0.2–0.8 (–1.1) mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy, hairs to 3 mm, sometimes glabrous; style glabrous. Capsules
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15, 17, 384, 394, 402. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 3–100 cm (taprooted, caudices woody, much branched [rhizomes]). Stems erect, spreading
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12, 14, 89, 425, 438. Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 15–250+ cm (taprooted, rhizomatous in G. oölepis). Stems (1–6+) usually erect, sometimes
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page 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 15, 386, 446. Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 20–250 cm (root crowns woody). Stems erect, usually much branched, glabrous or lanate-tomentose
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oblanceolate-oblong to linear in outline, planar to cylindric, (1–) 2–30 (–40) cm, foliaceous, leaflets (3–) 5–41, separate or congested and overlapping
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per side, separate to overlapping, divided ± 1/6–3/4+ to midrib into 3–30 (–60) teeth or lobes not restricted to apex. Inflorescences open to congested
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America Association Perennials, 2–30+ cm. Caudices ± branched, branches notably thickened distally. Stems 1–35 (–60), erect, unbranched. Leaves all basal
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glabrous proximally; stigmas [2–] 3 (–5), terminal or subterminal, papillate (30×). Capsules globose to conic, opening by 3 or 6, occasionally 4, 8, or 10
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365. Mentioned on page 19, 182, 361, 362, 372, 382, 466. Perennials, 10–120 cm (rhizomes long and slender to short and thick, sometimes cormoid, often becoming
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Wetensch. 1: 56. 1826 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 60. Mentioned on page 23, 24, 29, 49, 51, 61, 64, 66, 67, 71, 75, 78, 83, 86
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3–9 mm. > 4 4 Rosettes 10–30 cm diam., 20–45-leaved; caudices simple, 2–8 cm diam.; leaf blades usually not farinose, 3–7 cm wide; insular Dudleya candelabrum
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complete. Pollen tricolpate or multiporate. Nearly worldwide Species ca. 85 (30 in the flora). Rogers, C. M. 1982. The systematics of Linum sect. Linopsis
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to ± toothed; petiole present; blade oblanceolate-oblong in outline, 1–25 cm, foliaceous, leaflets 5–13 (–21), distinct, terminal not confluent with distalmost
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turions; stems 5–30 (–40) cm, usually simple, rarely branched, rarely stems 20–80 cm, well branched. > 26 26 Leaf blades 1.5–10 cm; stems 20–80 cm, well branched
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inflorescences 15–30(–40) cm, paniclelike; capsules deeply lobed. Ceanothus cyaneus 33 Branchlets not tuberculate; inflorescences 2.5–9 cm, usually racemelike
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Ray-florets (4–) 12–60 (–85), pistillate, fertile; corollas white to light blue or purple (coiling at maturity). Disc-florets 30–140, bisexual, fertile;
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(–45) [–250] × 8–30 [–80] cm, apical region appearing copiously woolly (shortly velvety in E. texensis) [glabrous]; ribs (7–) 8–27 [–60+], very prominent
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page 10. Mentioned on page 3, 9, 25. Annuals, perennials, or shrubs, 10–400+ cm (usually rhizomatous). Stems erect, decumbent, or prostrate, branched. Leaves
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Treatment on page 206. Mentioned on page 58, 67, 200, 201, 207. Perennials, 2–20 (–30+) dm (rhizomatous or not). Leaves usually mostly cauline (rarely mostly basal
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biennials, or perennials (subshrubs in D. canescens var. ziegleri), 10–100 cm; taprooted. Stems erect to ascending, much branched (when well developed)
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82, 83, 93, 96, 97, 100, 102, 1. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 5–400 cm, spiny. Stems (1–several) erect, branched or simple, sometimes narrowly spiny-winged
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396. Mentioned on page 5, 255, 364, 365, 366. Annuals or perennials, 5–150 cm. Stems erect, simple or branched (aerial shoots often from subterranean caudices)
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with descriptions of five new species from California and Nevada, USA. Aliso 30: 49–68. Nesom, G. L. 2011d. Recognition and synopsis of Mimulus sect. Tropanthus
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corneous, apex mostly sharp-pointed. Scape, when present, usually less than 2.5 cm diam. Inflorescences erect or rarely pendent, paniculate or racemose, sometimes
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beardless based on reports in the literature and our observations. Of the 30 acaulescent species in the flora area, one has a bearded style; of the 43
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carinate, 20–50 cm × 1–7 mm, margins entire or denticulate, apex acute to obtuse. Scape persistent, usually solitary, erect, terete, 10–60 cm × 1–5 mm. Umbel
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Inflorescences terminal, 2-9-flowered cymes or umbels, or flowers solitary, to 60 cm; involucres present, often with primary involucres subtending inflorescences
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hemispheric or broader, (3–) 5–22+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, (20–) 30–60+ in (2–) 3–5+ series, distinct, ± ovate to oblong or oblong to lanceolate
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old shiny, dark-brown to black, stout to slender, 2.5–6 cm. Leaves: petiole 1–3 cm, length 30–60% blade, glabrous, sessile-glandular or eglandular; blade
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Treatment on page 532. Mentioned on page 476, 533, 534, 537. Perennials 10–60 cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous. Stems 1–5+, ascending to erect, glabrous or
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reniform to orbiculate, 2–30 cm, herbaceous to ± coriaceous, leaflets 0 or 3, 5, 7, or 9, terminal ovate to elliptic to obovate, 1.7–15 cm, base cuneate to rounded
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 100. Mentioned on page 65, 66. Perennials, 15–60 (–100) cm (taproots relatively massive; caudices seldom branched). Stems erect
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± recurved, 1-year old very dark, usually slender, 1–5 cm. Leaves: petiole length (0–) 10–40 (–60) % blade, pubescent (young), sessile-glandular (young);
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entire or denticulate. Leaves monomorphic, clustered to widely scattered, 4–60 cm. Petiole brown to black or straw-colored, rounded, flattened, or with single
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(50–)70–120(–150) cm; leaf blade margins serrate to biserrate, apices acute. Veronica longifolia 13 Stems usually with 4–10 nodes, 5–45(–60) cm; leaf blade margins
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less than 1 cm. On long shoots (and all leaves on clonal sucker shoots in their first year), neoformed leaves are produced with internodes of 2 cm or more
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 99. Mentioned on page 65, 100. Perennials, 20–60 cm (taproots often relatively massive; caudices unbranched or multibranched)
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spongy, flexible when dried, 2–8 (–15) cm, bearing tubers (3–) 6–11 mm diam. Culms trigonous, 15–60 (–100) cm × 0.6–3.4 mm, glabrous. Leaves 3–7, flat
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perennating bases sometimes woody, sometimes rhizomes), mostly 3–150 (–400+) cm. Leaves usually cauline, sometimes basal or basal and cauline; mostly opposite
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florets) readily falling or fragile, of 60–100+, white, smooth or barbellulate bristles (elongating in fruit). x = 30. Boreal North America, southward in w
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dark rose-purple, rarely white, pale-veined, 7–20 (–30) mm, pistillate 7–11 (–30) mm, bisexual 10–25 (–30) mm; staminal column 4–8 mm, hairy; anthers white
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Washington > 30 30 Inflorescences panicles, 3-5-branched; leaf blades usually 3-5 cm; (Sonoma County, California). Arctostaphylos stanfordiana 30 Inflorescences
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page 245. Mentioned on page 5, 253. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, 10–80 cm (often ± succulent). Leaves cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades
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Mentioned on page 59, 60. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 1.5–30 cm. Leaf-blades to 8 cm × 3 mm. Inflorescences
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Treatment on page 220. Mentioned on page 7, 251. Subshrubs [shrubs], (10–) 20–30+ cm (sometimes rhizomatous). Leaves cauline; alternate [opposite]; ± sessile;
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Treatment on page 222. Mentioned on page 14, 211, 214, 228, 231. Perennials, 10–80 cm (forming clumps); rhizomatous. Stems ascending to erect, simple or branched
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Treatment on page 611. Mentioned on page 540, 542. Perennials, 10–60 (–90) [–150+] cm (rhizomes sericeous at nodes [glabrous or glabrate]). Stems usually
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Mentioned on page 464, 466, 467, 468, 470, 471, 473. Perennials, 40–100+ cm. Stems (from short rhizomes) single, sparsely branched distally, puberulent
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coccineus, H. poeppigii, H. schizopetalus); ovary 5-carpellate; ovules 8–60 per carpel; styles 5-branched from or beyond orifice of staminal column; stigmas
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on page 273. Mentioned on page 274. Stems erect, 10–60 cm, glandular. Leaves glandular; blade 9–30 × 6–10 mm, 1–2 times bracts, margins weakly serrate
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per day in afternoon or near sunset or sunrise; buds terete; floral-tube 5–60 (–70) mm; sepals flat, midrib not keeled; stamens in 2 subequal series, pollen
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angle serrate near apex, 5–11 × 1–1.5 cm. Inflorescences: pedicel 20–60 mm. Flowers 8–10 cm diam.; calyx lobes 10–60 mm; outer 2 lobes sharply 3-angled in
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on page 512. Mentioned on page 51, 460, 513, 534, 539. Perennials, 20–180 cm (corms globose to depressed-ovoid or napiform, sometimes elongated, becoming
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Annuals, 30–200(–300) cm, sweetly aromatic; leaves 2–3-pinnatifid; arrays of heads 10–20 cm diam Artemisia annua 5 Annuals or biennials, (10–)30–80(–150)
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100–600 × 2.5–6 cm, glabrous; ribs 8–12, rounded, low, less than 1 cm deep, shallowly to indistinctly tuberculate; areoles ca. 2 cm apart along ribs,
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distally, 30–85 cm. Leaves to 50 cm × 5 mm, with short-sheathing base and much longer blade arising abaxially. Inflorescences 3–8-flowered, 5–20 cm; bracts
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Volume 3. Aerial shoots (20-) 30-50 cm, from tubers, tubers ±vertical. Basal leaves 3-6, 1- (nearly 2) -ternate; petiole 8-15 cm; terminal leaflet petiolulate
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ovoid, or conic, (2–) 3–5 (–7.5) cm diam., glabrous (except at apex). Seeds reddish-brown, ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 cm. 2n = 60, 90. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jun;
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FNA Volume 3. Aerial shoots 5-30 cm, from rhizomes, rhizomes primarily horizontal. Basal leaves 0-1, ternate; petiole 4-25 cm; terminal leaflet ± sessile
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Blades 7.5-16.5 cm long; culm nodes 1-2(3) Bromus hallii 13 Blades (13)18-38 cm long; culm nodes 3-7 Bromus grandis 11 Culms 30-100 cm tall; awns 1—4 mm
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Association Trees columnar; twigs reddish, smooth. Leaf-blades (8–) 10–16 (–30) × (2.5–) 3–5 cm, margins toothed on distal 1/2 (rarely proximal to middle), teeth
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5–2(–2.5) cm; sepals (8–)12–19 mm; petals (15–)20–30 mm. Ludwigia hexapetala 5 Emergent plant generally villous and viscid; petioles 0.1–1.1 cm; sepals 6–12(–16)
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branches, 5–60 (–80) cm, glabrous proximally, sparsely pubescent distally. Leaves glabrous or sparsely pubescent; proximal cauline: blade linear, 3–30 (–80)
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2. Stems short-creeping or ascending. Petiole straw-colored distally, 7–60 cm, base dark redbrown or black, swollen, with 2 rows of teeth; scales light
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to oblanceolate, 5–30 × 2–15 mm, faces glabrous; cauline leaves: petiole 0–8 mm, ciliate or glabrous; blade obovate to spatulate, 8–30 × 3–20 mm, base long-cuneate
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incised-trifoliolate, lobes deeply cleft; petiole 2–4 cm; blade lanceolate to ovate, 6–20 × 1–13 cm, margins coarsely serrate, apex acuminate to long-acuminate
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elliptic, 1.9–4.5 (–6.5) × 0.5–2 (–3) cm, margins entire, surfaces sparsely glandular. Racemes (dense) 5–20 cm (10–30 cm in fruit); bracts unifoliate, lanceolate
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Mentioned on page 214, 216, 298. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 10–60 cm; taprooted and with caudices. Stems 1–15, erect, branched or unbranched,
9 KB (578 words) - 20:17, 29 July 2020
contractile. Rhizomes thick, to 30 cm or more. Leaves: petiole sheathed basally, 5–57 cm; blade thick, 10–60 × 7–40 cm; primary lateral-veins parallel
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(–5.2) × 0.6–3.5 (–7.5) cm; outer tepal margins entire or fringed; inner tepals yellow, white, rose-pink, magenta, or maroon, 4–30 × 1.5–8.5 mm; ovary lacking
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 637. Plants 10–60 (–120) cm. Rhizomes much branched, creeping, often forming long-lived, spreading
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subterminal to linear along adaxial surface of styles, roughened to papillate (30×). Capsules oblong or cylindric, usually ± curved, opening by 10, or occasionally
21 KB (1,044 words) - 10:15, 30 July 2020
triangular, erose; blades 20-60 cm long, 3-21 (40+) mm wide, glabrous, margins glabrate or scabrous. Panicles 24-60 cm long, 1-20 (40) cm wide; branches unisexual
7 KB (827 words) - 03:06, 30 July 2020
America Association Leaves: petiole 20–150 cm; blade (5–) 10–60 (–90) cm wide. Inflorescences scapose, 30–150 cm, sparsely stipitate-glandular. Flowers: hypanthium
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(although the number of primary rays and some details are often visible at 10–30× with glancing light). The number of rays of the ubiquitous unicellular, stellate
40 KB (1,647 words) - 11:54, 30 July 2020
cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. Culms 8-180 (220) cm, usually erect to ascending, sometimes strongly decumbent to prostrate, usually
45 KB (3,070 words) - 03:00, 30 July 2020
bodies; periderm absent. Stems 5–50 cm. Leaves: basal leaves in suberect to erect, seldom flattened rosettes, petiolate, 1–30 cm, blade often with weak red pigmentation
6 KB (406 words) - 09:45, 30 July 2020
4–12(–15+) cm; petioles 5–30 mm (equal to or longer than blades; leaves usually glabrous); se Arizona Perityle cochisensis 22 Plants 10–30(–45) cm (petioles
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8-14.5 cm × 2.5-4 mm; ovules 48-80 per ovary; styles 1-3.5 mm. Streptanthus bracteatus 8 Petals 16-27 mm; stamens in 3 unequal pairs; fruits 4-9.5 cm × 4
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Flowers: sepals connate proximally into tube, 10–22 mm, tube green or reddish, 20–60-veined, ± cylindric, terete, commissures between sepals absent, lobes green
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scales, 1–5 cm. Culms 1–3, trigonous to roundly trigonous, (30–) 40–65 (–95) cm × (1–) 2–3 mm. Leaves (1–) 5–10, V-shaped, (10–) 30–45 (–70) cm × 3–7 mm.
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mm; bracts 2 (–3), horizontal to ascending at 30–60°, longer (3–) 6–18 cm × 2–4 mm, shorter (0.5–) 2.5–6.5 cm × 1–2 (–3) mm. Spikelets 1–15, linear-lanceoloid
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North America Association Plants (10–) 30–45 cm; bulbs often stoloniferous, ovoid to obovate, 1.8–4 (–5) × 1–2.5 cm; tunics brownish black, papery, apex
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Fruits reddish purple to nearly black, depressed-globose to conic, 1–2 cm; drupelets 20–60, coherent, separating from torus. 2n = 14. Generated Map Legacy Map
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America Association Aerial shoots 5-30 cm. Leaves: petiole 5-25 cm; terminal leaflet of basal leaves 1.5-4.5 × 1.4-3.7 cm, abaxially puberulous or glabrous
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Plants of D. recurvatum normally are less than 60 cm; those of D. gypsophilum are usually more than 60 cm. Ecologically, D. recurvatum occupies level ground
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Association Leaf-blades 3–12 (–18+) cm × 10–30 (–60+) mm. Peduncles 5–8 (–12+) cm. Phyllaries 12–40+, (8–) 10–12+ mm. Ray-florets 30–50 (–100+); corolla laminae
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stamens commonly as many as calyx lobes and alternate with them, varying 1–18 [–30]; filaments connate basally [or distinct]; gynoecium 1-carpellate; styles
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Plants annual. Culms (0.5) 1-3 (6) m tall, (0.5) 1-5 cm thick. Blades mostly 30-90 cm long, 2.5-12 cm wide. Pistillate inflorescences rames or spikes, usually
8 KB (1,025 words) - 04:30, 30 July 2020
Rhizomes 1.5–3 cm diam. Leaves: petiole dark green to red-green, 10–40 (–60) cm; blade (6–) 10–30 (–45) cm, about ±1/3 as wide (greater than 3 cm wide), main
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cylindric, 10-ribbed or nerved, glabrous or puberulent; pappi persistent, of 30–60+, white, whitish, or brownish, barbellulate bristles (equaling or slightly
12 KB (779 words) - 21:23, 29 July 2020
Volume 20. Treatment on page 640. Mentioned on page 541. Annuals, 3–12 (–30) cm (taprooted). Stems usually 1, erect (usually branched ± throughout). Leaves
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants cespitose, 4–7 cm. Roots slender. Stems 1.5–5 cm; sheaths 4–8, closely appressed, ciliate. Leaves: petiole 2–4
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unbranched or branched from near base, 0–40 cm. Leaves 1.7–26 (–36) × (0.3–) 0.5–4.5 (–6.5) cm; petiole (0.2–) 1.7–11 (–14) cm; blade usually oblanceolate to rhombic
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Treatment on page 104. Mentioned on page 65, 66, 100. Perennials, 5–60 (–100) cm (taproots relatively massive; caudices sometimes branched). Stems erect
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petiolule 6–8 mm, blade suborbiculate or ovate to narrowly elliptic, 20–26 (–60) × 17–30 mm, abaxial surfaces pubescent, sometimes sessile-glandular, adaxial dull
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1–6 (–8), 2.5–20 (–30) mm; bracts 2–3 (–5), horizontal to ascending at 45 (–60) °, V-shaped, 2–60 × 0.3–1.2 mm. Spikelets (3–) 10–20 (–30), greenish to reddish-brown
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erect, white, wings prominent, 5–6 × 7 mm; ovary 24–30 mm. Capsules pendent, green, ellipsoid, 30–60 × 15–20 mm. 2n = 32. Phenology: Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Oct
13 KB (1,209 words) - 05:32, 30 July 2020
elliptic, 50–150 × 2–15 mm, bases attenuate or cuneate; distal sessile, blades 30–60 × 2–10 mm, reduced distally, bases cuneate to rounded. Heads in corymbiform
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blades 10-60 cm long, 5-15 mm wide, linear, flat to conduplicate, straight or lax, spreading, glabrous adaxially. Panicles 10-30 cm long, 2.5-10 cm wide, open
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1–0.4 cm, slightly thicker than pedicel; terminal segment 1-seeded, subglobose to ovoid, 0.7–1.2 (–1.4) cm × 6–8 mm, thick. Seeds 4–5 (–6) mm. 2n = 30, 60
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(cancellate), ellipsoid, ovoid or obpyriform; culms never with tips rooting. > 30 30 Scales in proximal 1/2 of spikelet broadly rounded, usually many wrinkled
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(–12) cm; 2d order rays usually absent (when present, 0.5–1.5 cm); bracts 4–8, horizontal to ascending at 15–30°, flat (or V-shaped), 3–30 (–50) cm × 1.5–8
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not stoloniferous; caudex 1–5 cm diam., scaly. Flowering-stems (appearing before leaves), erect, leafless, 30–100 (–150) cm, sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular
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Perennials unbranched or branching at caudex. Stems slender, 30–55 cm. Leaves: blade filiform-linear, 30–60 x 2–3 mm, proximals longer than distals. Inflorescences
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Plants usually annual, rarely perennial, 8–40 cm. Leaves: blade linear to oblanceolate, 0.8–5 × 0.05–0.2 cm, sometimes with hyaline basal teeth 0.2–0.4 mm
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extensive and continuous than indicated by our present knowledge. Species 50–60 (30 in the flora). Clausen, R.T. 1938. A monograph of the Ophioglossaceae. Mem
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page 21, 398, 416, 417, 422. Shrubs, spreading to densely compact, (2–) 3–30 (–60) dm. Stems 1–10+, erect to arching; bark gray, exfoliating, periderm reddish
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short-rectangular, small, 10–30 × 8–15 µm, walls moderately thick, region extensive, of 8 (–15) × 8 (–13) cells; laminal cells linear or elongate, 30–90 × 6–9 µm; basal-cells
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 618. Mentioned on page 542, 619. Perennials, 10–30 cm (glabrous or sparsely tomentose; caudices sometimes rhizomatous, sometimes
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in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 496. Mentioned on page 492. Shrubs, 30–150 cm. Stems much branched from bases, pubescent, often glanddotted. Leaves opposite;
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buds) absent, or resting buds sometimes present in E. acicularis. Culms 1–40 cm × 0.2–1.2 mm, spongy, transverse septa incomplete. Spikelets ovoid to subcylindric
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lanceolate, margins entire. Petiole 15–40 (–50) cm. Blade oblong-lanceolate, 1-pinnate, 30–75 × 8–25 cm, ± narrowed to base with reduced proximal pinnae
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of North America Association Trees, sometimes shrubs, (20–) 40–60 (–100) dm. Stems 6–45 cm diam.; bark dark reddish-brown to gray, with narrow reddish-brown
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Treatment on page 178. Mentioned on page 52, 67, 83. Annuals or perennials, 30–180 cm, herbage glabrous to ± glandular and/or ± tomentose. Stems usually erect
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blade broadly ovate, cauline reduced in size and complexity distally, 15–60 cm, thick to thin, leaflets 9–45, long-petiolulate, broadly ovate to narrowly
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Illustrator: Linny Heagy Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 10–60 cm. Leaves: petiole to 2 (–8) mm; blade linear to elliptic or obovate, 8–70
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capillary, 0.5-2 cm; perianths densely short-villous; sw California Eriogonum ordii 14 Peduncles slender, absent or confined to first node, 0.3-1.5 cm; perianths
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× 1.5–11 cm; stipules entire; leaflets 3–9 per side, separate to slightly overlapping, ovate to round or broadly elliptic, 5–60 × (7–) 10–30 (–40) mm,
9 KB (795 words) - 14:07, 30 July 2020
trigonous, 30–150 cm × 1–5 (–8) mm. Leaves bladeless. Inflorescences: heads digitate, 15–30 (–36) mm diam.; rays (14–) 20–22, (2–) 5–12 (–20) cm; 2d order
7 KB (559 words) - 01:32, 30 July 2020
FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 554. Mentioned on page 30, 485, 488. Annuals, 10–30 (–80+) cm. Stems usually 1, erect to ascending, usually branched distally
7 KB (498 words) - 20:54, 29 July 2020
Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Aerial shoots (10-) 30-50 cm, from tubers, rarely also from rhizomes, tubers vertical, rarely ascending
8 KB (526 words) - 08:46, 30 July 2020
appears in FNA Volume 10. Stems erect, 30–100 cm, strigillose. Leaves: petiole to 15 mm; blade linear to lanceolate, 2–8 cm. Inflorescences open racemes, axis
6 KB (667 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
deciduous, 2–4, scattered proximal to calyx. Pedicels terete, (3–) 5–7 cm. Flowers 5–7 cm diam.; sepals persistent (deciduous on older fruits), connate proximally
8 KB (619 words) - 13:08, 30 July 2020
Fruits usually red to whitish, rarely amber, globose to conic, 0.5–2 cm; drupelets 10–60, coherent, separating from torus. Generated Map Legacy Map Alta.,
8 KB (671 words) - 14:13, 30 July 2020
10–120 × 5–30 mm, bases clasping. Heads usually borne singly, terminal, sometimes 2–6 (not subtended by leaflike bracts). Peduncles 1–5 cm. Involucres
7 KB (681 words) - 22:27, 29 July 2020
2-8-branched, 2-10 (-15) cm, twisted-fibrous, dry to fleshy; buds minute. Stems 1 (-2) per root, usually unbranched, less than 60 (-80) cm, elongation delayed
6 KB (487 words) - 08:36, 30 July 2020
0.4–20 cm; 2d order rays occasionally present, 5–28 mm; bracts 3–7, horizontal to ascending at 30°, (2–) 8–35 cm × (1–) 4–10 mm. Spikelets 6–60, linear
7 KB (613 words) - 01:34, 30 July 2020
218. Mentioned on page 214, 219, 220. Biennials (rarely perennials), 30–100 (–200) cm; taprooted (rarely perennating by production of basal rosettes). Stems
8 KB (636 words) - 21:52, 29 July 2020
498, 504, 50. Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 3–350 cm (usually, rarely not, aromatic). Stems 1–10+, usually erect, usually branched
14 KB (1,396 words) - 20:45, 29 July 2020
in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 417. Mentioned on page 414. Plants 10–60 cm. Stems 1–4, erect or ascending, reddish, sometimes sparsely leafy, sparsely
8 KB (689 words) - 22:27, 29 July 2020
rhizomes. Culms to 100 cm × (0.8–) 1–1.2 mm distally. Leaves: blades flat, tip trigonous, channeled in cross-section, to 40 cm × 1.5–6 (–8) mm; distal
6 KB (493 words) - 01:33, 30 July 2020
FNA Volume 3. Aerial shoots 5-30 (-35) cm, from rhizomes, rhizomes horizontal. Basal leaves 0-1, ternate; petiole 4-20 cm; terminal leaflet sessile to petiolulate
7 KB (508 words) - 08:41, 30 July 2020
7–9 mm diam. Hips orange-red, subglobose or globose, rarely oblong, 7–30 × 8–30 mm, sparsely to densely white sericeo-tomentose, not setose, eglandular;
9 KB (656 words) - 13:50, 30 July 2020
lanceolate to ovate, 5–15 mm; blade subrotund to reniform, 9–20 (–30) × (10–) 15–25 (–30) cm, base cordate, palmately, ± deeply, (3–) 5-lobed, margins finely
8 KB (716 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
scale with narrow opening at apex. Fruits 0.5–0.6 mm, not winged. Seeds with 30–60 indistinct ribs, staying within fruit wall after ripening. 2n = 40, 42 (G)
6 KB (471 words) - 00:57, 30 July 2020
2-30 dm. Cauline leaves: blade deeply 3-5 (-7) -divided, usually with more than 2 mm leaf tissue between deepest sinus and base of blade, 5-15 cm wide
5 KB (524 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
Volume 21. Treatment on page 469. Mentioned on page 463. Perennials, 40–100+ cm. Stems (from short caudices or stout rhizomes) single, sparsely branched distally
6 KB (612 words) - 22:42, 29 July 2020
margin, to 6 mm, margins ciliate-dentate. Leaves 11–130 cm. Blade pinnate-pinnatifid, pinna pairs 30–60. Pinnae deltate to ovate, largest 7–35 mm, symmetrically
6 KB (474 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 468. Mentioned on page 464, 470, 473. Perennials, 50–100+ cm. Stems (from short caudices or rhizomes) single, sparsely branched distally
6 KB (636 words) - 22:42, 29 July 2020
Volume 19. Treatment on page 381. Mentioned on page 30, 379. Annuals, perennials [subshrubs], 5–50 (–70+) cm. Stems procumbent to erect, glabrous or arachnose
6 KB (455 words) - 20:30, 29 July 2020
perennial; habit various, rhizomatous, stoloniferous, or cespitose. Culms 10-300 cm; internodes pith-filled. Sheaths strongly keeled, glabrous, scabrous, or pubescent;
21 KB (1,159 words) - 04:42, 30 July 2020
leaves: petiole to 60 cm (broadly expanded basally); blade broadly oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate, (10–) 20–45 (–60) cm × (30–) 50–120 (–170) mm,
7 KB (765 words) - 12:23, 30 July 2020
sand, 10–60 cm. Leaves in a basal rosette and cauline, rosette sometimes weakly developed or absent, at least during flowering, 1–13 × 0.5–2 cm; petiole
9 KB (887 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
white, truncately reniform. Carpels erect in fruit, distinct, brown. 2n = 30, 60 (in var. retusum). Generated Map Legacy Map Calif., Nev., Oreg. Varieties
9 KB (611 words) - 13:03, 30 July 2020
Leaves evergreen, bright green, pale toward base, spirally arranged, to 60 (–90) cm, pliant, gradually tapering to tip. Velum covering less than 1/4 of sporangium
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Ray-florets 3–6, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 18–30 (–60) [–100+], bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than or equaling
6 KB (430 words) - 23:35, 29 July 2020
blades 8-36 cm long, 3-8 mm wide, abaxial surfaces smooth or scabrous, adaxial surfaces scabridulous to scabrous. Panicles 10-30 cm long, 10-20 cm wide, pyramidal
8 KB (991 words) - 03:29, 30 July 2020
5–12 cm; peduncle 30–58 cm; spathe tube light green inside and out, closed, 1.3–3.4 × 0.6–1.7 cm; spathe blade white, widely open, 3.8–9.4 × 1.9–4 cm, margins
6 KB (492 words) - 01:01, 30 July 2020
appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 30. Mentioned on page 24, 25, 29. Subshrubs or shrubs, 60–200 cm (loosely branched, rounded and bushy, ± herbaceous
6 KB (563 words) - 21:32, 29 July 2020
to lanceolate, 3–10 mm; stamens 30; pistil 5-carpellate; ovary 5-loculed; styles 5. Capsules conic, 10 mm. Seeds 30–60, black, 1.2–1.5 mm, shiny, smooth
6 KB (479 words) - 09:13, 30 July 2020
Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 14–40+ cm. Stems 1–30 (–50), not densely woolly among proximal leaves. Leaves crowded (internodes
5 KB (603 words) - 22:40, 29 July 2020
Plants to 60 cm. Roots several, 1.5–5 cm × 5–15 mm. Stems subterranean. Leaves spreading, pale green to gray-green, 3–5, glabrous; petiole 0.5–5 cm; blade
9 KB (811 words) - 05:22, 30 July 2020
5–8, 15–60 cm × 2–6 mm, shorter than raceme to just surpassing it, rarely longer. Scape 13.5–55 cm. Racemes condensed, 30–250-flowered, 4–32 cm, flowers
5 KB (535 words) - 06:04, 30 July 2020
Roots diffuse. Stems somewhat segmented, green, long cylindric, 30–150 × 3–5 (–6) cm, glabrous; ribs (12–) 14–18, rounded; tubercles low, indistinct;
8 KB (651 words) - 09:21, 30 July 2020
usually cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous or stoloniferous. Culms (3) 5-120 cm, usually erect. Sheaths open, usually smooth and glabrous, sometimes scabrous
31 KB (1,893 words) - 03:29, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 221. Mentioned on page 251. Subshrubs [shrubs], (10–) 20–30+ cm (± succulent, sometimes rhizomatous). Stems erect. Leaves cauline; mostly
6 KB (425 words) - 23:30, 29 July 2020
171. Mentioned on page 5, 7, 101, 108, 168, 173. Perennials (subshrubs), 8–30 cm; taproots stout, caudices woody. Stems erect (green, becoming whitish tan
9 KB (701 words) - 21:44, 29 July 2020
John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Aerial shoots 8-30 (-35) cm. Basal leaves: lateral leaflets 1×-lobed; ultimate lobes 0.4-2 mm wide
4 KB (444 words) - 08:36, 30 July 2020
Culms 30-150 cm; nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous, often purplish; ligules absent; blades 12-60 cm long, 10-25 mm wide, glabrous. Panicles 10-30 cm, erect
7 KB (893 words) - 03:59, 30 July 2020
glabrous. Ligules 1-4 mm; blades 5-100 cm long, 5-100 mm wide, sometimes glabrous. Panicles 5-60 cm long, 3-30 cm wide, open or contracted, primary branches
8 KB (1,032 words) - 04:23, 30 July 2020
Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 10–60 (–90) cm. Stems glaucous. Leaves: petiole 4–15 (–30) cm; leaflets 3 proximally, 1 distally, blade obovate
6 KB (418 words) - 12:06, 30 July 2020
Treatment on page 502. Mentioned on page 503, 504, 552. Shrubs or trees, (20–) 30–60 (–100) dm. Stems: twigs: new growth glabrous or densely pubescent, 1-year
14 KB (936 words) - 14:35, 30 July 2020
Mentioned on page 60, 384, 387, 418, 421, 427, 429. Annuals, biennials, or perennials (sometimes aromatic), (4–) 15–150 (–200) cm (usually taprooted,
17 KB (673 words) - 20:34, 29 July 2020
Treatment on page 462. Mentioned on page 459, 461, 470, 471. Perennials, 30–200 cm. Stems erect, usually not branched proximal to arrays of heads (from caudices
17 KB (791 words) - 22:42, 29 July 2020
Volume 20. Treatment on page 62. Mentioned on page 53, 57, 72. Plants 10–250 cm. Stems erect or ascending to spreading, white to green, fastigiately branched
16 KB (1,091 words) - 20:55, 29 July 2020
page 214, 216, 217, 219, 223, 228. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 3–120 cm; usually taprooted, sometimes rhizomatous (roots deep or shallow, woody or
18 KB (964 words) - 20:06, 29 July 2020
at least one level of infra-specific polyploidy, including n = 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 (L. R. Heckard 1968; Heckard and T. I. Chuang 1977; Chuang and Heckard
79 KB (2,746 words) - 18:50, 29 July 2020
of blade, 1–6 (–9) cm, 3/5–3/4 blade length; blade rhombic-ovate to broadly-triangular-ovate, (1.5–) 4–8 (–14) × (1.5–) 3–8 (–11) cm, w/l = 3/5–1/1, base
12 KB (872 words) - 11:57, 30 July 2020
America Association Plants 50–250 cm, herbage canescent-tomentose throughout. Stems: wings 0.5–2 cm wide. Leaves 10–50 cm, margins shallowly to ± deeply 1–2-pinnatifid
4 KB (523 words) - 20:13, 29 July 2020
plants, 10–40 (–100) cm. Leaves in a basal rosette and cauline, rosette usually well developed (except subsp. howellii), basal 5–25 × 1–5 cm, cauline 4–12 (–18)
9 KB (845 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
often several cm from stem apex, at adaxial edges of areoles (or at axillary end of short areolar groove), funnelform, 2.5–8.5 (–10) cm; outer tepals margins
14 KB (948 words) - 09:26, 30 July 2020
ovate or elliptic to lanceolate, 10–30 cm × 45–120 mm, bases cordate, clasping, margins serrate. Involucres (20–) 30–40 mm diam. Outer phyllaries ovate
6 KB (486 words) - 20:42, 29 July 2020
on page 82. Mentioned on page 7, 17, 206. Perennials or subshrubs, 4–30 (–70) cm (cespitose; thickly taprooted, sometimes with woody caudex branches or
10 KB (658 words) - 21:28, 29 July 2020
leaf blade 0.6–1.5 cm; peduncle 0.5–3 cm; fruits 1.5–2.5 mm. Potamogeton vaseyi 21 Floating leaf blade 1.5–12 cm; peduncle 2.5–9.5 cm; fruits if formed
23 KB (1,207 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
scabridulous. Racemes 8-35 cm, with 6-13 spikelets; internodes 1-6 cm; pedicels 1-5.5 (9) mm, ascending to spreading. Spikelets 15-60 mm, ascending to spreading
7 KB (803 words) - 02:45, 30 July 2020
shiny, dark-brown to nearly black, stout or slender, 4–6 cm. Leaves: petiole slender, length 40–60% blade, sparsely pubescent or glabrous, eglandular or sessile-glandular;
8 KB (822 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
glabrous or puberulent, sometimes glanddotted; pappi persistent, of [20–] 30–60 (white, buff, pinkish, or purplish) barbellulate to barbellate bristles in
8 KB (567 words) - 22:58, 29 July 2020
Volume 19. Treatment on page 371. Mentioned on page 370. Perennials 5–25 (–60) cm; roots or rhizomes vertical, deep. Stems 1–5, erect or ascending, green
8 KB (591 words) - 20:28, 29 July 2020
Mentioned on page 5, 51, 101, 171, 178, 182, 188, 413. Shrubs or subshrubs, 8–120 cm (often rounded, compact; usually with woody, often highly branched caudices)
12 KB (864 words) - 21:46, 29 July 2020
(–15) cm, fertile portion 2–5 cm, 60–80-flowered; staminate bracts membranaceous, enclosing flowers prior to anthesis. Pedicels: pistillate 1–5 cm. Staminate
6 KB (470 words) - 18:14, 29 July 2020
straight to recurved, 1-year old blackish, ± shiny, slender, 2.5–5 cm. Leaves: petiole length 30–60% blade, glabrous, usually with small glands at first, becoming
10 KB (964 words) - 13:45, 30 July 2020
anemone Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Aerial shoots 5-35 (-60) cm, from tubers with rhizomes near apex, tubers ascending or vertical, rhizomes
8 KB (518 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
from bulbs; bulbs not clumped, tunicate, ovoid, 10–30 × 8–20 mm. Leaves: proximal blades 12–50 cm × 2–10 mm. Inflorescences racemose or paniculate with
6 KB (495 words) - 06:06, 30 July 2020
Volume 19. Treatment on page 307. Mentioned on page 216, 310, 360. Annuals, 5–30 cm; taprooted. Stems 1–3, erect or ascending, branched from bases; distal stems
7 KB (443 words) - 20:18, 29 July 2020
absent or 2, leaflike; pedicel [absent or 1–] 10–60 [–100] mm, erect. Flowers showy, tubular, 3–10 [–15] cm diam.; calyx lobes 4–5, unequal, 2 larger ± opposite
8 KB (398 words) - 09:14, 30 July 2020
Leaf-blade orbiculate, 12-60-lobed or more, 1-5 cm wide, glabrous to puberulent, lobes less than 1.5 mm wide. Inflorescences 6-30 (-75) -flowered, simple
6 KB (608 words) - 08:37, 30 July 2020
ovate, to 1 cm, margins serrate, teeth triangular, apex acute; petiole 5–10 mm; blade ovate, elliptic, or narrowly elliptic, 3–9 × 1.5–5 cm, base cuneate
6 KB (601 words) - 14:34, 30 July 2020
Volume 20. Treatment on page 584. Mentioned on page 571, 583. Perennials, 10–30+ cm; fibrous-rooted (caudices horizontal to erect, relatively short and stout)
7 KB (573 words) - 21:17, 29 July 2020
20–60 cm, glabrous or ± scabrous, especially distally. Leaves basal and cauline, glabrous, sometimes scabrous; basal and proximal cauline (14–) 30–95 ×
9 KB (745 words) - 19:07, 29 July 2020
10. Stems erect to decumbent, 20–200 cm, puberulent. Leaves: petiole to 10 mm; blade linear to lanceolate, 1–6 cm. Inflorescences open or dense spikes
8 KB (777 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
glabrous, stipitate-glandular. Peduncles 5–25 cm. Involucres 12–20 × 15–20 (–30) mm. Ray-florets (15–) 18–60 (–85); corollas usually lavender, seldom white
5 KB (496 words) - 22:26, 29 July 2020
in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 411. Mentioned on page 409. Plants 6–60 cm; proximal indument grayish to whitish, arachnoid to densely lanuginose, or
10 KB (844 words) - 22:32, 29 July 2020
sprawling, 10–70 (–100) cm, glabrous or hairy proximally. Leaves: blade ovate to lanceolate, 6–50 × 2–15 mm, glabrous. Pedicels 30–100 mm. Flowers: calyx
5 KB (404 words) - 18:59, 29 July 2020
9. Treatment on page 347. Mentioned on page 20, 348, 351. Shrubs, (10–) 30–60 dm, glabrous or stellate-hairy, mostly eglandular (except in inflorescence)
11 KB (607 words) - 14:17, 30 July 2020
mostly 2 times longer than wide, 0.7–0.9 (–1.1) × (0.4–) 0.5 mm, trabeculae 30–60, rather obscure and crowded. Tubercles brownish, pyramidal, usually depressed
7 KB (729 words) - 01:30, 30 July 2020
Mentioned on page 52, 57, 58, 60. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 20–230 cm. Leaves: petiole (0–) 2–10 (–20)
7 KB (683 words) - 19:03, 29 July 2020
glabrous and glaucous. Inflorescence units 2-30+ per culm; peduncles usually 5-20 mm, with (1) 2 rames; rames 3-4 cm, exerted at maturity, terminating in a sessile-pedicellate
6 KB (873 words) - 04:26, 30 July 2020
in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 475. Mentioned on page 476. Plants 60–200 cm. Stems usually purple-spotted, sometimes uniformly purple, usually solid
7 KB (583 words) - 22:44, 29 July 2020
laminal cells 30–75 (–100) × 4–6 µm, smooth; basal juxtacostal cells 7–10 µm wide. Branch leaves 0.2–1.3 (–1.9) × 0.2–0.5 (–1) mm; costa to 60–90% leaf length;
7 KB (715 words) - 07:48, 30 July 2020
obscuring surface. Leaves green, sometimes brown, linear to linear-lanceolate, 3–7 cm, not fleshy, margins plane, involute, 3–7-lobed, apex acute to rounded; lateral
9 KB (710 words) - 18:52, 29 July 2020
erect or ascending, 15–40 cm. Leaves: petiole absent or indistinct, blade linear to linear-elliptic or lanceolate, (25–) 30–60 (–115) × 1.5–14 (–15) mm
9 KB (610 words) - 18:23, 29 July 2020
Stems: submersed flexuous, to 60 cm; emersed ± ascending, 10–30 (–45) cm. Leaf-blades 7–23 × 0.3–2 mm. Peduncles 2–6 cm. Phyllaries 2–4 mm, margins minutely
5 KB (577 words) - 22:47, 29 July 2020
larger, shallowly serrate-margined, narrowly ovate leaves; inflorescences 5–14 cm; and sessile glands at the base of the leaf blade. Berry, P. E. et al. 2005
24 KB (874 words) - 18:18, 29 July 2020
internodes 1–3 cm, scales fugaceous, 4–7 mm, thinly membranous, not fibrous. Culms terete, often with to 10 blunt ridges when dry, 4–60 cm × 0.3–1.8 mm,
12 KB (1,208 words) - 01:22, 30 July 2020
Mentioned on page 511, 513, 531. Plants 4–12 cm. Leaves: basal 6–8, blade elliptic or spatulate, 35–120 x 10–30 mm, undivided or 1-pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid
7 KB (525 words) - 19:28, 29 July 2020
hairy to glabrate); blades ovate to lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 20–60+ × 10–30+ mm, bases abruptly contracted to tapering, margins subentire or denticulate
7 KB (586 words) - 21:18, 29 July 2020
6 6 Shrubs, 60–180 cm (rounded, stems wandlike); involucres 1.5–2 mm diam Artemisia filifolia 6 Biennials or perennials, (10–)30–80(–150) cm; involucres
6 KB (438 words) - 20:45, 29 July 2020
many-branched, woody; rhizomes and trailing stems to 60 cm. Stems ascending to erect, ± green, 2–20 cm, densely glandular-hairy throughout, internodes of
9 KB (859 words) - 10:20, 30 July 2020
cymes; stems 20–60(–90) cm; rhizomes short. Oxalis stricta 27 Petals 12–20 mm; inflorescences 1–3-flowered, umbelliform cymes; stems 10–25 cm; rhizomes long
23 KB (1,013 words) - 18:29, 29 July 2020
Association Plants 25–50 (–100) cm. Basal leaves: blades (green, shining) lance-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 15–30 (–40+) cm, margins usually entire
6 KB (641 words) - 23:07, 29 July 2020
ascending to appressed, sometimes spreading. Basal leaves planar, (5–) 10–30 × 1.5–4 (–5) cm; stipules entire or basally lobed; leaflets 5–12 per side, separate
10 KB (940 words) - 14:06, 30 July 2020
suberect to flattened, 2–30 cm, blade deltate, apex apiculate drip-tip, mucro 1–2 mm; cauline leaves perfoliate, blade 1–10 cm diam., margins notched or
4 KB (448 words) - 09:45, 30 July 2020
limited to proximal pair of pinnae), 17–85 × 7–35 cm, sterile leaves (excluding erect fertile pinnae) 17–60 cm. Petiole straw-colored to chestnut-brown, 1/2–2/3
4 KB (261 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
plant, 6–30 × 0.2–0.3 cm; strobilus 1/3–1/7 total length; leaves spreading to ascending, 6–7 × 0.3–0.5 mm, marginal teeth 1–10 per side. Strobili 20–60 × 12–20
4 KB (394 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
page 219, 349, 351, 354, 360, 361, 370. Annuals, 10–200 cm, taprooted, or perennials, 10–100 cm, with deeply seated, woody caudices or stout or slender
15 KB (1,165 words) - 20:25, 29 July 2020
blackish, filiform or somewhat tuberous. Stems erect, not scapose, 15-50 (-60) cm, glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline; proximal cauline leaves petiolate,
6 KB (452 words) - 08:28, 30 July 2020
5-nerved, strigillose to hirtellous; pappi persistent, of 60–80 (–120), white, barbellulate bristles. x = 30. sw United States, Mexico, Central America Species
7 KB (421 words) - 21:23, 29 July 2020
Volume 20. Treatment on page 627. Mentioned on page 543. Perennials, 15–60 cm (caudices branched). Stems 1–5+, erect to spreading. Leaves cauline; alternate;
7 KB (411 words) - 21:25, 29 July 2020
Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 60–150 cm. Leaves: petiole 3–8 mm; blade elliptic to ovate, 15–45 × 4–26 mm, glabrous
5 KB (430 words) - 19:30, 29 July 2020
Volume 17. Treatment on page 47. Mentioned on page 24, 44. Annuals. Stems 7–170 cm, not self-supporting, glabrous, eglandular-hairy, or glandular-hairy; branches
6 KB (447 words) - 19:02, 29 July 2020
Receptacles flat, smooth or minutely alveolate, epaleate. Ray-florets (10–) 20–30 [–60+], pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, laminae 1.5–2+ mm. Disc-florets
6 KB (515 words) - 20:41, 29 July 2020
Volume 20. Treatment on page 635. Mentioned on page 541. Perennials, 5–30 (–50) cm (rhizomes fibrous-rooted, creeping; plants forming extensive colonies)
7 KB (474 words) - 21:26, 29 July 2020
tubes (5–) 8–12 (–17) mm; pedicel/tube ratio (15–) 30–60 (–126) %; fruit awns (3.5–) 4.5–7.5 (–12.5) cm. Phenology: Flowering Mar–May. Habitat: Rocky slopes
9 KB (986 words) - 14:15, 30 July 2020
all flowers but terminal one on each branch often replaced by bulbils, 3–30 cm, stipitate-glandular; bracts (proximal ephemeral), petiolate or sessile.
6 KB (588 words) - 12:59, 30 July 2020
forming paniculiform arrays. Peduncles 0–4 (–8) cm. Involucres ovoid to hemispheric, 1.5–3 cm, 2–4.5 cm diam, loosely arachnoid on phyllary margins or glabrate
9 KB (696 words) - 19:56, 29 July 2020
all equal or abaxial spine longest. Flowers apical or nearly so, 30–50 (–60) × (30–) 40–70 mm; outer tepals heavily fringed; inner tepals 20–25 per flower
12 KB (1,145 words) - 09:25, 30 July 2020
14, 487, 547, 548. Annuals (biennials) [perennials, subshrubs], mostly 5–90 cm (often aromatic). Stems 1–5+, erect to decumbent, usually branched, strigillose
8 KB (572 words) - 20:51, 29 July 2020
usually 40-60 cm long, 7-25 mm wide, glabrous. Peduncles 45-75 cm, usually glabrous, occasionally pubescent or minutely pilose; panicles 3-10 cm wide, linear
8 KB (956 words) - 04:21, 30 July 2020
Aerial shoots 10-30 (-40) cm, from caudexlike tubers, tubers ascending to vertical. Basal leaves 1-3 (-5), 1-2-ternate; petiole 5-7 cm; terminal leaflet
8 KB (617 words) - 08:24, 30 July 2020
basal veins, 30–45 (–60) × 10–30 cm, veins pubescent primarily along veins with flattened, whitish hairs. Inflorescences 250–500-flowered, 15–40 cm; peduncle
8 KB (840 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
usually white, sometimes blue or pink, laminae (8–) 18–30 × 1.1–1.4 mm. Disc-florets (8–) 18–30; corollas yellow becoming brown, 2–2.5 mm, lobes triangular
13 KB (856 words) - 21:03, 29 July 2020
219. Annuals or biennials [perennials, shrubs, sometimes spiny], [5–] 30–150 cm; usually taprooted [stoloniferous]. Stems erect [prostrate], distally branched
7 KB (511 words) - 20:13, 29 July 2020
on page 542. Perennials or subshrubs [shrubs, or trees], [20–] 60–100 (–300) [–800] cm (caudices woody, fibrous-rooted, often woolly). Stems single or
8 KB (563 words) - 21:24, 29 July 2020
19. Treatment on page 175. Mentioned on page 57, 84, 176, 182. Annuals, 30–200 cm, not spiny. Stems erect, branched. Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate
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obovate to oval, densely villous. Inflorescences (10–) 30–200-flowered, 3–8 (–30) cm diam. Pedicels 5–30 mm. Flowers 5–8 mm diam.; epicalyx bractlets oblong
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alternate; petioles 0.5–1.5 cm; blades light to dark green, 3-nerved (distal to bases) ± lanceolate to ± ovate, 4–20 × 0.8–4 cm, bases cuneate, margins entire
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lanceolate, linear, oblong, oblongelliptic, obovate, oval, or ovate, 0.2–3.9 (–4.6) cm, smooth to rugose or plicate, margins usually flat, sometimes revolute, crenate
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on page 122. Mentioned on page 65, 66, 119. Annuals or perennials, 10–100 cm. Stems erect, branched (branches ascending). Leaves basal and cauline; alternate;
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FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 521. Mentioned on page 513, 534. Plants 30–120 cm. Corms depressed-globose or globose to napiform. Stems puberulent to hirsute-puberulent
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palmately nerved, sagittate, deltate, or reniform to cordate, 2–25 × 2–27 cm, margins lobed (primary lobes 0–14, entire or dentate, secondary lobes 0–25
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Treatment on page 70. Mentioned on page 64, 65. Annuals or perennials, (3–) 10–30 cm. Stems prostrate to erect, branched from bases or ± throughout. Leaves cauline;
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or palmati-pinnately nerved, sagittate or triangular to oblong, 2–34 × 2–30 cm (bases sagittate or cordate, sometimes hastate), margins not lobed (subentire
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slightly compressed, 5 (–6) -nerved, faces glabrous; pappi persistent, of 30–60 tawny, barbellate, apically attenuate bristles in 1–2 series, usually plus
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 39. Mentioned on page 13, 16. Perennials, 10–160 cm (usually cespitose, induments usually of stipitate-glandular and smooth-surfaced
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vegetative culms 10–30 (–50) cm; those of fertile culms green, flat or folded, less than 18 cm × 1.5–5.5 mm. Inflorescences 4–19 cm, 1.2–2 times longer
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cylindric [flattened and leaflike in some epiphytic species], 100–500 × 0.8–5 [–30] cm, glabrous; ribs [3–] 4–8 [–12] [or 2-winged in some epiphytic species],
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384. Subshrubs, 3–35 cm (tufted or densely cespitose, often mound-forming); caudices much branched, taproot 2–20+ cm. Stems 10–30+, simple or branched
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in basal rosettes, living at anthesis, 5–25 (–40) cm; petiole often narrowly winged distally, 0.1–20 cm, usually shorter than blade; blade usually elliptic
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Susan A. Reznicek Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 15–75 cm. Leaves: basal sheaths reddish; blades of flowering-stems channeled or involute
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Perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 10–100+ cm. Leaf-blades obovate or oblong to elliptic or oblanceolate, 30–50 (–100+) × 10–20 (–40+) mm, margins entire
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tall). Leaves: blade shallowly to prominently lobed. Pedicels (fruiting) 3–35+ cm, frequently recurved. Flowers radially symmetric or slightly bilaterally symmetric
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much-branched, 5–40 cm; internodes glabrous distally, scabrous proximally. Leaves: sheath 1 mm or less, ± as long as wide; blade 1-veined, linear, 5–20 (–30) mm, margins
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Leaf-blades 30–70 × 10–15 (–20) mm, reduced distally, membranous, bases auriculate-clasping, apices acuminate. Heads 1–15 per branch. Peduncles 1–4 cm, densely
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 507. Mentioned on page 461. Perennials, 20–60 [–200] cm (plants ± viscid). Stems erect, simple or branched from bases or ± throughout
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21. Treatment on page 126. Mentioned on page 65, 66. Perennials, mostly 30–200 cm. Stems prostrate, branched ± throughout (rooting at nodes, usually ± succulent)
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on page 338. Mentioned on page 264, 339. Annuals (or biennials?), 3.5–30 (–50) cm; taprooted. Stems erect to ascending, hirsutulous (hairs upcurved), usually
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15–48 cm × 0.4–1 mm, glabrous. Leaves flat, 10–30 cm × 0.5–2 mm. Inflorescences: spikes rather densely ovoid, 1–3.5 cm; rays 0 (sometimes 1–4), 1–6 cm; rachis
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Involucres campanulate to hemispheric 15–30+ mm diam. Outer phyllaries oblong to lanceolate or lance-linear, (12–) 30–40 (–60) mm, usually much surpassing inner
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cluster to 1.75 m. Sterile leaves oblanceolate, 30–130 × 12–25 cm. Petiole of sterile leaf black, 4.5–46 cm, flattened at base, becoming deeply grooved distally
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Mentioned on page 231, 234, 240, 241, 243, 247, 248. Perennials, (5–) 16–40 (–70) cm; taprooted. Stems 1–50+, decumbent to erect (sometimes brown or reddish-brown
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FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 58. Mentioned on page 19, 20, 23, 57, 59, 60, 62, 64, 69, 71, 73. Herbs, perennial, subscapose or leafy-stemmed, 1–12 dm
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distance of 40 cm in the laboratory. R. M. Weber (1979) reported a maximum dispersal distance of 30 cm for C. iowense in the field and 45 cm in the laboratory
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rhombic-spatulate, broadest above middle, abruptly tapering to base, 18-25 (-30) × 7.8-14 cm, base deeply cordate to auriculate, or somewhat truncate, apex acute
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oblanceolate, broadest near middle, gradually tapering to base, 20-30 (-60) × 8-16 (-27) cm, base deeply cordate or auriculate to somewhat truncate, apex obtuse
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to grow in 1 plane, not equilateral, falcate, 12–30 cm, not reticulate, copiously armed; areoles 1–3+ cm apart, obdeltate, 3 × 1.5 mm; wool tan, encircled
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Mentioned on page 60. Plants subscapose. Stems 10–45 cm, downy to pilose, hairs 0.1–3 mm, sometimes septate-glandular. Leaves: basal 4–30 cm, blade interruptedly
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sterile culms; densely cespitose, without obvious rhizomes. Culms (30) 45-55 (60) cm, unbranched, smooth beneath the panicles; nodes 1-3. Sheaths and collars
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cm; 2d order rays 5–15 cm; bracts 10–12, ascending at 30–60°, flat, (8–) 20–45 cm × 4–12 mm; 2d order bracts (5–) 15–25 cm × 1.5–5 mm; rachilla persistent
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scape to 15 cm. Flowers: sepals ca. 1 cm; petals white or pinkish, oblong to oblanceolate, 15-30 mm; style to 3 mm. Capsules fusiform, 35-60 mm, glabrous
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