Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Trees to 80m; trunk to 5m diam.; crown narrowly conic. Bark grayish brown to orangebrown. Branches
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in the evolution of floral morphology (R. M. Straw 1955, 1956, 1956b; J. Walker-Larsen and L. D. Harder 2001; M. C. Castellanos et al. 2004, 2006), pollination
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D. Don) Lindley 1833, Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Trees to 80m; trunk to 2.2m diam.; crown spirelike. Bark grayish brown, in age becoming thick
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Britton et al. in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 63. 1914. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Synonyms: Undefined (tribe Undefined)
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T. M. 1978. Senecio. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part 10, pp. 50–139. Barkley, T. M., B
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wootonii Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 866. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 373. 1754. Theodore M. Barkley† Common names: Groundsel ragwort butterweed Etymology: reputedly from
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Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England. 389 pp. Columbus, J.T., M.S. Kinney, R. Pant and M.E. Siqueiros Delgado. 1998. Cladistic parsimonv analysis of internal
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petaloid appendages, enclosing solitary pistillate flower surrounded by (0–) 1–80 staminate flowers, entire structure termed the cyathium), in monochasia, dichasia
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Oxytenia, Parthenice, Parthenium, Xanthium Lessing Linnaea 5: 151. 1830. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Synonyms: Undefined (tribe Undefined)
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730–735. Barkley, T. M. 1962. A revision of Senecio aureus L. and allied species. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 65: 318–408. Barkley, T. M. 1968. Taxonomy of
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not spread to the surrounding area (P. M. Brown 2002). Bletia patula Hooker is an apparent garden escape (P. M. Brown 2000). A single vegetative specimen
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bracteate; bracts distinct or connate, sometimes forming an involucre containing 1–80 flowers, when containing only 1 flower, calyxlike, sometimes brightly colored
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abruptly or gradually tapered or acuminate, occasionally piliferous; costa to 40–80% leaf length, moderate to somewhat stout, terminal spine present or absent;
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centuries were S. F. Blake, N. L. Britton, R. S. Ferris, M. L. Fernald, E. L. Greene, H. M. Hall, M. E. Jones, D. D. Keck, P. A. Rydberg, J. K. Small, and
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reddish pappi in some species Synonyms: Haplopappus sect. Pyrrocoma (Hooker) H. M. Hall Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 413. Mentioned
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substrate or not. Roots diffuse or taproots (adventitious from offsets in M. thornberi and M. prolifera). Stems unsegmented, green to gray-green, sometimes purplish
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Flaveria, Haploësthes, Sartwellia Lessing Syn. Gen. Compos., 235. 1832. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Shrubs 1.5–4 m, stems erect; inflorescences usually paniclelike, sometimes racemelike, (3–)5–15 cm. Ceanothus leucodermis 4 Shrubs 0.5–1.5 m, stems erect
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Xylorhiza Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 195. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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P.M. and C.R. Annable. 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae-Eragrostideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:1-109 Peterson, P.M. 2000
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(or grooves) usually 10, faces glabrous; pappi persistent (fragile), of 20–80+, distinct, white, sordid, stramineous, or rufous, ± equal or unequal, barbellulate
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turbinate (campanulo-hemispheric upon drying), (3–14 ×) 3.8–23 mm. Phyllaries 26–80 in 3–5 series, 1-nerved (usually raised; keeled proximally), lanceolate to
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(Poaceae): Evidence from rbcL sequence data. Syst. Bot. 20:423-435 Barkworth, M.E. and K.M. Capels. 2000. The Poaceae in North America: A geographic perspective
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example, M. aquaticum and M. spicatum). This issue is further complicated by hybridization of M. spicatum with native M. sibiricum (see 8. M. spicatum
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Marshalliinae Show Lower Taxa Marshallia H. Robinson Phytologia 41: 42. 1978. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 75. Mentioned on page 13, 57, 76, 78, 80. Subshrubs or shrubs. Stems erect to spreading, sometimes climbing, glabrous
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the PLANTS database on the basis of a putative record in R. D. Thomas and C. M. Allen (1993–1998); there appears to be no such record therein. The only specimen
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all or mostly staminate or pistillate). Pistillate heads: phyllaries 12–30 (–80+) in 1–8+ series, outer (1–) 5–8 distinct or ± connate, herbaceous, the rest
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Trichocoronis Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 202. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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pycnocephala Besser Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 1: 223. 1829. Leila M. Shultz Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 505. Mentioned
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75: 88. 1993. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Loran C. Anderson, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Endemic Basionym: Linosyris parryi A. Gray Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
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purple to black, globose to ovoid, ovoid-oblong, ellipsoid, or obovoid, 5–30 (–80) mm; hypanthium deciduous, rarely persistent in fruit; sepals falling with
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the floret. Arriaga, M.O. and M.E. Barkworth. 2006. Amelichloa: A new genus in the Stipeae (Poaceae). Sida 22:145-149 Barkworth, M.E. 1981. Foliar epidermes
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caudices in M. saxatilis). Stems 1–15 (usually from basal rosettes), usually erect, sometimes ± prostrate, usually branched (scapiform in M. californica)
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Poston, M. E. and J. W. Nowicke. 1993. Pollen morphology, trichome types, and relationships of the Gronovioideae (Loasaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 80: 689–704
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Association Trees to 8 m. Leaves: petiole 10–25 (–45) mm, finely hairy; blade elliptic to oblanceolate or obovate, 80–250 (–330) × 30–80 (–150) mm, margins
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carpels 10–80, glabrous, styles subbasal, fusiform, medially rough-thickened; ovule 1. Fruits aggregated achenes, individually deciduous, 10–80 or less,
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pubescent; replum strongly flattened; septum complete, (membranous); ovules 4–80 per ovary; style usually distinct, rarely obsolete; stigma capitate. Seeds
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17 14 Scape 2.5–3 m; leaves 50–90 cm; panicles compact; flowers 4–6 cm; s Florida. Agave desmettiana 14 Scape 5–10(–13) m; leaves 80–160 cm; panicles open;
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Illustrator: Copyright: Stems 1–80+, erect or ascending to procumbent. Inflorescences proliferating, mostly terminal, leafy, 1–80+-flowered cymes. Pedicels erect
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Zaluzaniinae Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 189. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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W. Chen, X. Chen, S.M. Phillips, C. Stapleton, R.J. Soreng, S.G. Aiken, N.N. Tzvelev [Tsvelev], P.M. Peterson, S.A. Renvoize, M.V. Olonova, and K.H. Ammann
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stelleriana, Artemisia suksdorfii, Artemisia tilesii, Artemisia vulgaris Leila M. Shultz Synonyms: Artemisia sect. Abrotanum Besser Treatment appears in FNA
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var. inflatum (Suksdorf) Cholewa & Douglass M. Henderson Madroño 38: 232. 1991. Anita F. Cholewa, Douglass M. Henderson† IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Olsynium
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(sometimes in M. glomerata), or 1–22, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellowish (with maroon bases sometimes in M. elegans; purplish red sometimes in M. sativa)
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serrulate, or subentire; apex gradually tapered or acuminate; costa to (20–) 40–80% leaf length, thin or thick distally, terminal spine present or sometimes
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Taxon 44:33-41 Jacobs, S.W.L., R. Bayer, J. Everett, M.O. Arriaga, M.E. Barkworth, A. Sabin-Badereau, M.A. Torres, F. Vazquez, and N. Bagnall. 2006. Systematics
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acaulescent or rarely caulescent, to 3 m diam.; rosettes usually small. Stems procumbent, 0.1–0.4 m, or erect, 1–2 m. Leaf-blade rigidly spreading, including
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Achlyopitheca (G. L. Nesom 2012g), sect. Erythranthe (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003), sect. Mimulosma (M. L. Carlson 2002; J. B. Whittall et al. 2006; Nesom 2012h)
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pubescent, sometimes paleate (paleae apically pubescent). Florets 3–25 (–80), bisexual, fertile; corollas pink to lavender or white [yellow], zygomorphic
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due to evolutionary convergence, not shared ancestry. Molecular analyses by M. Koch et al. (2001) and T. Mitchell-Olds et al. (2005) revealed that Arabis
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Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs 1–3 m. Stems erect or arching, forming clumps by underground runners, glabrous or
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Volume 17. Treatment on page 62. Mentioned on page 12, 57, 63, 66, 73, 74, 80, 256. Herbs, annuals. Stems erect to ascending or decumbent, glabrous or hairy
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hooked; indusia ± thick, margin ± entire. 2n = 80. Habitat: Damp woods, often on slopes Elevation: 30–1500 m Generated Map Legacy Map N.B., N.S., Ont., P
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Aegilops ventricosa L. Sandra M. Saufferer Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 261. Plants annual. Culms 14-80 cm, usually glabrous, erect
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appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 37, 38, 79, 80, 664, 665, 667. Plants small, in tufts or loose cushions. Stems erect to ascending
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suckering, trunks less than 2 m; rosettes not cespitose, 10–20 × 20–37 dm. Leaves erect, spreading to ascending, occasionally reflexed, 80–200 × 15–25 cm; blade
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30–50 mm; anthers 9–10 mm; gynophore 45–80 mm in fruit; ovary 6–10 mm, glabrous; style 0.1 mm. Capsules (25–) 40–80 × 2.5–4 mm, glabrous (in straight alignment
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chamaemorus, R. ursinus, and subg. Micranthobatus [in the sense of Kalkman]), 5–80 mm diam.; hypanthium 3–10 mm diam., glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent
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5–12 mm; pedicel to 80 mm. 2n = 46. Phenology: Flowers summer–fall. Habitat: Shallow waters of lakes and streams Elevation: 0–500 m Generated Map Legacy
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species, mainly the tea tree, M. alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, cajuput, M. cajuputi Powell, tea tree or snow-in-summer, M. linariifolia, and punk tree
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on page 79, 80, 86, 87, 89, 92, 94. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs, deciduous, 1.5–3 m. Stems ascending
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Treatment on page 388. Mentioned on page 364, 365, 392. Annuals or perennials, 10–80 (–150+) cm. Stems erect, branched (mostly distally). Leaves cauline; opposite
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Volume 9. Treatment on page 655. Mentioned on page 649, 658. Shrubs, 0.5–1 m, rhizomatous. Stems 1–50, usually forming colonies. Leaves mostly or fully
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51, 57, 60, 61, 86, 104, 107, 120, 125, 126, 133. Shrubs or trees, 0.05–20 m, not clonal or, sometimes, clonal by layering or stem fragmentation. Stems
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IntroducedIllustrated Basionym: Pontederia vaginalis Burman f. Fl. Indica, 80. 1768 Synonyms: Monochoria plantaginea (Roxburgh) Kunth Monochoria vaginalis
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Andromeda polifolia var. polifolia Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 393. 1753,. Dorothy M. Fabijan Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 504
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pine-oak, or oak woods, often in disturbed sites Elevation: 2000–2500 m (to 3400 m in Mexico) Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., N.Mex., Mexico (Chihuahua)
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Involucres turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, (4–10 ×) 6–25 mm. Phyllaries 26–80+ in 2–8 series, appressed, spreading, or reflexed, 1-nerved (flat to rounded)
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Tryon, R. M. 1962. Taxonomic fern notes. II. Pityrogramma (including Trismeria) and Anogramma. Contr. Gray Herb. 189: 52--76. Yatskievych, G., M. D. Windham
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pectinacea var. pectinacea, Eragrostis pectinacea var. tracyi (Michx.) Nees Paul M. Peterson Common names: Tufted lovegrass Eragrostide pecttnee Treatment appears
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staurophylla, Perityle tenella, Perityle villosa, Perityle warnockii (A. Gray) A. M. Powell Sida 3: 277. 1968. Sharon C. Yarborough, A. Michael Powell Basionym:
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Ronald L. Hartman Basionym: Undefined sect. Sideranthus Nuttall ex Nees in M. P. zu Wied, Reise Nord-America 2: 440. 1841 Synonyms: Machaeranthera sect
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ludoviciana subsp. redolens Nuttall Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 143. 1818. Leila M. Shultz Common names: Silver wormwood white or silver sage Illustrated Synonyms:
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subfam. Tilioideae Show Lower Taxa Tilia Arnott Botany, 100. 1832. Margaret M. Hanes Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 193. Mentioned
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants glabrous. Leaves 50–80 × 1.5–2 (–3) cm; blade lustrous, margins finely serrate, apex obtuse, basal
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120° from it; in most other pleurocarps the first branch leaf is lateral. M. S. Ignatov and S. Huttunen (2002) divided the family into four subfamilies
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subcoriaceous, margins entire. Inflorescences terminal racemes, panicles, or cymes, 2–80-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary; perulae absent. Flowers bisexual, radially
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by C. T. Mohr (1901). Bierner, M. W. 1974. A systematic study of Dugaldia (Compositae). Brittonia 26: 385–392. Bierner, M. W. 1994. Submersion of Dugaldia
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distinct ribs, staying within fruit wall after ripening. 2n = 40, 42, 44, 60, 63, 80. Phenology: Flowering (rare) late spring–summer. Habitat: Mesotrophic, quiet
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in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 91. Mentioned on page 80, 92. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.5–3 m. Stems erect, not rooting at nodes; branchlets brown, not
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mm. 2n = 80. Phenology: Flowering late spring–summer. Habitat: Oligotrophic or mesotrophic ponds, lakes, and sluggish streams Elevation: 0-2000 m Generated
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absent in vegetative tissue. 2n = 30 (H, U), 40 (U), 42 (D), 500 (U), 70 (70), 80 (U). Phenology: Flowering (very rare) summer–early fall. Habitat: Mesotrophic
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laterally winged to apex. Seeds with 12–20 distinct ribs. 2n = 30, 38, 40, 50, 80. Phenology: Flowering (very rare) early summer–early fall. Habitat: Eutrophic
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vegetative tissue (visible in dead fronds as brown dots). 2n = 20, 40, 42, 50, 60, 80. Phenology: Flowering (rare) late spring–early fall. Habitat: Mesotrophic
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Pentagramma triangularis subsp. viscosa (Kaulfuss) Yatskievych Amer. Fern J. 80: 15. 1990. George Yatskievych, Michael D. Windham Illustrated Basionym: Gymnogramma
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groundcover. Leaves: petiole 5–25 cm; blade 30–100 mm, base cordate. Scapes 20–40 (–80) cm. Calyces 1.5–2.5 mm. Capsules 2.5–3 mm. 2n = 6, 12. Phenology: Flowering
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1788. John L. Strother Common names: Blanket flower firewheel Etymology: For M. Gaillard de Merentonneau (or Charentonneau?), eighteenth-century French patron
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sprengelii, Carex sylvatica, Carex venusta (Drejer) L. H. Bailey in J. M. Coulter in J. M. Coulter, Man. Bot. Rocky Mt., 379. 1885. Marcia J. Waterway Basionym:
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Volume 12. Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page 79, 80, 81, 90, 91, 94. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.3–3.5 m. Stems erect, ascending, arcuate, or prostrate, not
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Urbatsch Sida 21: 1618. 2005. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Common names: Rock goldenrod Etymology: Latin cuniculus, rabbit, and
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Herbs, 8-80 cm, densely pubescent to nearly glabrous, producing stolons. Basal leaves
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Acanthospermum, Melampodium, Smallanthus Lessing Linnaea 5: 149. 1830. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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acute, short–acuminate, apiculate, or rarely long-acuminate; costa to 60–80% leaf length, moderate to somewhat stout, terminal abaxial spine usually present
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hybrids (as has been hypothesized by, for example, M. A. Streisfeld and J. R. Kohn 2005; D. M. Thompson 2005; M. C. Tulig and G. L. Nesom 2012), which have been
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Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs or trees, to 15 m, often rhizomatous. Bark gray to brown, smooth to slightly fissured. Twigs
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speciesAndromeda polifolia varietyAndromeda polifolia var. polifolia Dorothy M. Fabijan Common names: Northern bog or wild rosemary moorwort andromède à feuilles
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10+ vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 11, pp. 51–216. Wurdack, K., P. Hoffmann, and M. W. Chase. 2005. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of uniovulate Euphorbiaceae
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double; indusia vaulted, ± thick. 2n = 80. Habitat: Moist woods and slopes in neutral soil Elevation: 150–1000 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ont., Que., Ala
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78, 80. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants perennial, glabrous. Stems prostrate, forming mats to 2 m diam
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 0.5–2.5 m; young thorns puberulent; mature thorns 30–80 mm, 0.7–2 mm at base (20+ times longer than base width)
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tapered, acute, acuminate, truncate, apiculate, or cucullate; costa to 40–80% leaf length, broad throughout, terminal abaxial spine present or absent;
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1982). Additional analyses (e.g., G. Boraiah and M. Heimburger 1964; M. Heimburger 1959; C. Joseph and M. Heimburger 1966; and C. S. Keener et al. 1995)
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Delphinium stachydeum M. J. Warnock Madroño 31: 243. 1984. Michael J. Warnock Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Roots 3-8-branched, (5-) 15-24 (-80) cm, twisted
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rhizomatous shrubs, 0.2-2(-3)m, rarely small trees. Quercus boyntonii 17 Forest trees with single straight trunks to 25m, not rhizomatous. Quercus similis
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molecular studies confirm this phylogenetic heterogeneity (A. M. Gardiner et al. 2005; M. S. Ignatov et al. 2006; D. García-Avila et al. 2009), and suggest
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Lower Taxa Perityle gilensis var. gilensis, Perityle gilensis var. salensis (M. E. Jones) J. F. Macbride Contr. Gray Herb. 56: 39. 1918. Sharon C. Yarborough
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serotinum (Rafinesque) M. C. Johnston P. serotinum subsp. macrophyllum (Engelmann) Kuijt P. serotinum var. macrophyllum (Engelmann) M. C. Johnston P. serotinum
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Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 10. 1863. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace* IllustratedConservation concern
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of the same or of different ploidy levels may produce viable hybrids (e.g., M. L. Dean and K. L. Chambers 1983). Triploid hybrids seem to be generally unviable
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prominent or obscure, glabrous; replum rounded; septum complete; ovules 15–80 per ovary; (style obsolete or distinct, to 1 mm); stigma capitate. Seeds usually
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splachnoides Hooker & Taylor Muscol. Brit., 80, plates 3 [near upper left], 22 [lower center left & right]. 1818. Patricia M. Eckel Etymology: For Rev. John Dalton
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Herbs, 15–80 cm. Flowers: petals usually blue, (8–) 12–23 mm; styles 6–12 mm. Phenology:
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spring–fall. Habitat: Dry, rocky prairies, limestone glades Elevation: 10–80 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ark., Ill., Ky., La., Mo., Okla., Tex. None. None
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Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Aerial shoots (15-) 20-80 cm, from caudices on rhizomes, caudices ascending, rhizomes ascending to horizontal
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Inflorescences cymose, rarely umbellate or capitate, 2–100 (–150) × 2–40 (–80) cm; branches usually dichotomous, glabrous or tomentose to floccose or sparsely
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs or trees, (5–) 20–40 (–80) dm. Leaves: petiole 2–5 (–8) mm; blade usually obovate or elliptic, sometimes
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Zaluzaniinae Show Lower Taxa Zaluzania H. Robinson Phytologia 41: 44. 1978. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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fremontii var. occidentalis Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer. 2: 445. 1843. Theodore M. Barkley† Endemic Synonyms: Senecio ductoris Piper. Treatment appears in FNA
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strongly to minutely papillose. 2n = 80 (Asia). Phenology: Fruiting Aug–Sep. Habitat: Dry to moist tundra Elevation: 0–1500 m Generated Map Legacy Map B.C.,
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indistinct ribs, staying within fruit wall after ripening. 2n = 40, 42 (G), 50, 80. Phenology: Flowering (occasional) summer. Habitat: Mesotrophic to –eutrophic
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petiole 5–46 mm, glabrous; blade asymmetric, ovate to ± reniform, (28–) 46–72 [–80] × (28–) 33–85 mm, base cuneate on shorter side, usually rounded on longer
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Artemisia campestris subsp. pacifica Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 846. 1753. Leila M. Shultz Common names: Field sagewort sand wormwood Illustrated Treatment appears
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sunbonnet IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 80. Mentioned on page 79. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora
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mm, papery. 2n = 72, 74, 78, 80. Phenology: Fruiting Jul–Aug. Habitat: Marshes, shallow water along shores Elevation: 0–900 m Generated Map Legacy Map B
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below inflorescence. Leaf-blades to 35 cm × 6 mm. Inflorescences racemose, 15–80-flowered, usually open, 3–22 cm; bracts subtending pedicel in cluster; bracteoles
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speciesSagina nodosa subspeciesSagina nodosa subsp. borealis G. E. Crow Rhodora 80: 28, figs. 7, 8. 1978. Garrett E. Crow Common names: Sagine boréale Illustrated
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forward 1.5–2 mm. 2n = 80. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting Apr–Nov. Habitat: Brushy, dry, calcareous slopes. Elevation: 50–900 m. Generated Map Legacy
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monophyllos (Linnaeus) Swartz Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 234. 1800. Paul M. Catling, Lawrence K. Magrath Basionym: Ophrys monophyllos Linnaeus Sp. Pl
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 15–80 cm. Leaf-blades dark green, 40–130 × 5–15 mm, margins entire or toothed, apices
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in War Department [U.S.] in War Department [U.S.], Pacif. Railr. Rep. 6(3): 80, plate 12. 1858 ,. Gary D. Wallace Common names: Gnome plant IllustratedEndemic
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Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaves 35–80 mm during flowering, margins regularly toothed. Racemes to 20 cm at end of
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Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 80–450 mm. Rhizomes 3–5 mm diam. Leaves on mid portions of emergent shoots in
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of North America Association Leaf-blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, mid 20–80 × 6–15 mm, margins entire to irregularly dentate or serrate, faces glabrous
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Stems branched, 4–20 dm, hirsute to glabrate. Leaves: blade spatulate, 30–80 × 5–35 mm, glabrous or moderately hirsute. Pedicels 5–22 mm, glabrous or glandular-pubescent
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Fruits terete, 20–80 × to 5 mm. Seeds 1.2–1.8 mm. Phenology: Flowering summer–fall. Habitat: Shallow water of pools and lakes Elevation: 0–50 m Generated Map
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majalis var. montana (Rafinesque) H. E. Ahles J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80: 172. 1964. Frederick H. Utech Common names: American lily-of the-valley IllustratedEndemic
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vegetation and when stranded; blade 1–10 × 0.9–7.8 cm; primary-veins forming 30–80° angle with midvein, ascending, aerenchyma extensive, nearly margin to margin
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axillary pedicel 8–15 mm. Flowers: hypanthium 6–7 mm; calyx lobes 2–5 mm; petals 80, reflexed, pink to purple (red in hybrid cultivar “Red Apple”), 3–4 mm; staminodia
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Opuntia phaeacantha group in Texas. Bot. Gaz. 140: 199–207. Parfitt, B. D. and M. A. Baker. 1993. Opuntia. In: J. C. Hickman, ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual. Higher
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Trees to 50m; trunk to 2m diam., usually (when forest grown) branch-free over most of height;
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Urbatsch Sida 21: 1619. 2005. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Common names: Rabbitbush Etymology: For Loran Crittenden Anderson,
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yukonensis (Reichenbach) Reichenbach Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch, 87. 1841. Theodore M. Barkley†, David F. Murray Etymology: Greek tephros, ashlike or ash-colored
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Vereins Wuppertal 21–22: 126. 1968. Charles J. Sheviak, Paul M. Catling, Susan J. Meades, Richard M. Bateman Common names: Leopard marsh orchid IntroducedIllustrated
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evidence provides strong support for separate recognition of Hesperoyucca (M. A. Hanson 1993; D. J. Bogler 1994; D. J. Bogler and B. B. Simpson 1995, 1996;
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in F. Cuvier in F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2, 34: 391. 1825. Theodore M. Barkley† Etymology: Greek, presumably gyne, a female, and ura, tail, perhaps
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Rugelia nudicaulis Shuttleworth ex Chapman Fl. S.E. U.S., 246. 1860. Theodore M. Barkley† Common names: Rugelia Rugel’s ragwort winter well Etymology: For
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in F. Cuvier in F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2, 43: 461. 1826. Theodore M. Barkley† Etymology: Provenance of name not stated by author Treatment appears
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaves ± sessile; blades 20–50 (–80+) × 4–12 (–35) mm, sometimes obscurely to clearly 3-lobed. Peduncles 5–30+
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forests and woodlands, abandoned fields, sandhills, prairies. Elevation: 80–300 m. Generated Map Legacy Map Ont., Que., Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla
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spectabilis (Linnaeus) Rafinesque Herb. Raf., 71. 1833. Charles J. Sheviak, Paul M. Catling IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Orchis spectabilis Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2:
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woody, coherent segment of endocarp, raphe inconspicuous. 2n = 16, 32, 48, 80, 96. United States, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, s
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& Brettell Phytologia 27: 407. 1974. Theodore M. Barkley† Common names: Jarilla Etymology: For Theodore M. Barkley, 1934–2004, North American botanist Treatment
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems climbing, 2-4 m. Leaf-blade pinnately 5-7-foliolate, proximal leaflets rarely 3-foliolate;
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Introduced Basionym: Crataegus unranked Sanguineae Zabel ex Rehder in M. Vilmorin and D. G. J. M. Bois, Frutic. Vilmor., 111. 1904 Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Heterogamia speciesThalictrum dioicum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 545. 1753. Marilyn M. Park, Dennis Festerling Jr. Common names: Early meadow-rue quicksilver-weed pigamon
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Stokesia, Vernonia Cassini J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 88: 203. 1819. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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126. Mentioned on page 120, 125, 128, 129, 148, 154. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants gregarious or in
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integerrimus var. scribneri Nuttall Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 165. 1818. Theodore M. Barkley† IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment
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inflated, exserted or not, pouches 3, 2 mm wide, 1–1.5 mm deep, 3–4 mm, 75–80% as long as beak; teeth erect, white, pale-yellow, or pink, 0.5–1.2 mm. Filaments
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grayi, Sorbus sitchensis var. sitchensis M. Roemer Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 139. 1847. Peter F. Zika, Stéphane M. Bailleul Endemic Treatment appears in
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOrobanchaceae genusCastilleja speciesCastilleja collegiorum J. M. Egger & S. Malaby Phytoneuron 2015-33: 1, figs. 1–3, 9[left]. 2015. J. Mark
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irregular in size and shape, deltate to narrowly deltate; proximal pinnae 5–30 (–80) × 3–10 (–15) mm; base truncate to obtuse, auriculate on both sides; margins
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suborbiculate or ovate to ovate-lance-acuminate, 19–80 × 7–40 mm; lateral sepals connate; synsepal 11–80 × 5–34 mm; petals horizontal to strongly descending
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Small, Fl. S.E. U.S., 184, 1327. 1903. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace* Common names: Éléocharide
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Trees, 5–10 m, branchlets glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2–4.5 cm; blade ovate, broadly oblong
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28, 49, 61, 80, 85, 86, 90, 91, 92, 107, 109, 151. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 0.2–6 m, not clonal. Stems
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series, all similar but innermost more petaloid. Staminate flowers: stamens 4-80, hypogynous, distinct or connate partially or completely into fleshy, globose
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page 291. Mentioned on page 254, 256, 276, 280, 289, 290, 294. Annuals, 5–80 cm. Stems ± erect. Leaves mostly cauline; proximal opposite (forming winter–spring
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1996. Systematics of Rayjacksonia (Asteraceae: Astereae). M.S. thesis. University of Kansas. Lane, M. A. and R. L. Hartman. 1996. Reclassification of North
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familyCelastraceae genusGyminda speciesGyminda latifolia (Swartz) Urban Symb. Antill. 5: 80. 1904. Jinshuang Ma Common names: False boxwood Illustrated Basionym: Myginda
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ascending; disarticulation above the glumes, beneath the florets. Spikelets 14-80 mm, terete to laterally compressed, with (3) 5-24 florets. Glumes unequal
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abruptly cuspidate or short-apiculate; costa short-excurrent, percurrent, or to 80–95% leaf length, stout, terminal spine absent or occasionally present; alar
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Urospermum, Youngia Lamarck & de Candolle Syn. Pl. Fl. Gall., 255. 1806. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Synonyms: Undefined tribe Lactuceae Cassini
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erythropoda Steudel Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 76. 1855. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace* Common names: Éléocharide
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ambigens Fernald Rhodora 37: 394. 1935. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace* Common names: Éléocharide
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Brickelliastrum, Asanthus, and the Mexican genus Dyscritogyne R. M. King & H. Robinson within Steviopsis R. M. King & H. Robinson. All four are essentially segregates
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Bryoerythrophyllum inaequalifolium, Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum P. C. Chen Hedwigia 80: 4. 1941 ,. Richard H. Zander Etymology: Greek bryon, moss, erythros, red
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serrulata Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 479. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 214. 1754. Paul M. Catling, Gisèle Mitrow Common names: Pear poirier Introduced Etymology: Latin
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rounded to acute; basal phyllotaxy transverse. Staminate inflorescences 10–80 mm, stellate-hairy; peduncle with 1 internode, 2–4 mm; fertile internodes
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Theodore M. Barkley† Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 565. Mentioned on page 549, 560. Perennials, (20–) 40–80 (–140) cm
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ovate, (7-) 8-20 × 4-9 mm, abaxially hairy, adaxially glabrous; stamens 70-80. Heads of achenes spheric; pedicel 4-18 cm. Achenes: body obovoid, 2-2.5 ×
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61, 321. 1822. R. David Whetstone, Kristin R. Brodeur Etymology: For J. Cl. M. Mordant de Launay, 1750–1816, lawyer, later librarian at Musée d’Histoire
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linearlanceolate, 8–40 × 0.5–2 cm, leathery. Inflorescences racemes to panicles, lax, 10–80 cm. Flowers 3–45, green, yellow, or brown, often suffused with purple; sepals
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0.5–1 mm; carpels 80–200; styles 3–4 mm. 2n = 56. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Margins of coastal scrub Elevation: 0–400 m Generated Map Legacy
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dentate, ± ciliate. Spores yellow or brown. 2n = 80. Habitat: Moist woods, swamps, thickets Elevation: 0–1100 m Generated Map Legacy Map Greenland, Man., N
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white or often abaxially white, tinged blue, and adaxially white; stamens 60-80 (-100). Pedicels 5-10 (-13) cm in fruit. Achenes: body 6-9 mm. Phenology:
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Judith M. Canne-Hilliker WeedyIllustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 181. Plants 4–60 cm. Leaf-blades 7–110 × 3–70 (–80) mm. Peduncles
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Taxa Delphinium depauperatum, Delphinium distichum, Delphinium uliginosum M. J. Warnock Phytologia 78: 84. 1995. Michael J. Warnock Treatment appears in
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extending to and along rachis. Blade oblanceolate, 1-pinnate, (15–) 25–50 (–80) × (6–) 13–25 cm; rachis not winged. Pinnae numerous, separated proximally
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shorter than perianth. Seeds amber, 0.5–0.6 mm, not tailed. 2n = 40, 70, 80, 84. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting summer. Habitat: Usually sandy, moist
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 609. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Primary-stems somewhat
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 75, 80. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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15–24 cm, base decurrent, apex acuminate; veins in 6–9 lateral pairs. Scape 60–80 cm. Inflorescences: racemes bright green, 10–15-flowered, stout, solid, to
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(cabbagelike); petiole 4–16 cm; blade oblong, or elliptic-ovate to ovate, 10–40 cm × 80–300 mm. Cauline leaves similar to basal, (proximal) blade margins irregularly
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frequently purple. Seeds light tan, with delicate reticulate ridge pattern (50–80×), smooth or pebbled to strongly tuberculate. 2n = 36. Phenology: Flowering
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America Association Stems branched distally, rarely unbranched, square to round, 80–200 cm. Leaves: basal and cauline: petiole (5–) 15–100 mm; blade ovate to
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speciesBrachystigma wrightii (A. Gray) Pennell Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 80: 433. 1928. Christopher P. Randle Common names: Arizona desert foxglove Illustrated
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altissima var. altissima, Ageratina altissima var. roanensis (Linnaeus) R. M. King & H. Robinson Phytologia 19: 212. 1970. Guy L. Nesom Common names: White
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obtuse or rounded. 2n = 72–80. Phenology: Fruiting Aug–Sep. Habitat: Wet subalpine and alpine meadows Elevation: 1200–3000 m Generated Map Legacy Map Alta
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spreading horizontally. Leaves: petiole green, often purple apically, 30–80 (–180) cm, spongy and filled with air spaces; blade green to dark green or
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Habitat: Dry to wet forests, forested swamps, and thickets Elevation: 0–80 m Generated Map Legacy Map Fla., Mexico, West Indies, Central America None
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in War Department [U.S.] in War Department [U.S.], Pacif. Railr. Rep. 6(3): 80, 81. 1858 ,. Gary D. Wallace Common names: Sugarstick IllustratedEndemic Treatment
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(Compositae). Ph.D. dissertation. University of Kansas. Nesom, G. L. and J. M. Stucky. 2004. Taxonomy of the Liatris pilosa (graminifolia) group (Asteraceae:
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Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 25–80 (–100) cm, sparsely to densely pubescent. Leaves 3–10, orbiculate, elliptic
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Show Lower Taxa Bellibarbula recurva P. C. Chen Hedwigia 80: 222, plate 38. 1941 ,. Patricia M. Eckel Etymology: Latin bellus, beautiful, and genus Barbula
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monophyletic Dactylorhiza (A. M. Pridgeon et al. 1997); subsequently the monotypic Coeloglossum was formally transferred to Dactylorhiza (R. M. Bateman et al. 1997)
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Ray-florets 10–20; laminae elliptic to oblanceolate, 30–80 × 8–15 mm, abaxially sparsely hairy. Discs 40–80 × 15–35 mm. Disc-florets 300–600+; corollas maroon
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either immediately proximal to apex or over distal 1/2 of culm. Leaves flat, 30–80 cm × 4–10 mm, scabrid on margins, ribs on abaxial surface. Inflorescences:
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pensylvanica (Willdenow) C. V. Morton Amer. Fern J. 40: 247. 1950. David M. Johnson Common names: Ostrich fern fougère-à-l'autruche IllustratedEndemic
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usually viviparous (with plantlets on leaf margins and inflorescences), 5–80 dm, glabrous [pubescent]. Stems mostly erect [scandent], branching or often
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including relatively stout beaks 3–6 mm; pappi of 15–21, plumose (proximal 65–80%) bristles, barbs crooked, entangled. 2n = 16. Phenology: Flowering Mar–May
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20–75 cm. Blade broadly ovate to deltate, 2–3-pinnate-pinnatifid, 30–100 × 20–80 cm; blades, rachises, and costae usually densely covered abaxially with abundant
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deeply 5-7-lobed; margins irregularly dentate or crenate. Flowers: pedicels 25-80 mm; sepals ca. 15 mm; petals yellow, obovate, 2-3 cm wide; style 3-6 mm. Capsules
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Marjorie C. Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 10–80 dm. Leaves persistent; petiole 12–20 mm, pilose, gradually glabrescent; blade
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chaparral borders, flats, oak woodlands, along streams, vernal pools Elevation: 80–200 m Generated Map Legacy Map Introduced; Calif., Europe, n Africa Nomenclatural
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Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 8–80 cm. Flowers: lip 6–13 × 2–9 mm; spur slenderly cylindric, 15–25 mm; ovary
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broadly triangular to sometimes ovate, 2–3-pinnate-pinnatifid at base, 20–80 × 20–70 cm; blades, rachises, and costae sparsely pilose to glabrous abaxially
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Capsules 3–8 mm. 2n = ca. 80, ca. 84. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Arctic tundra, mountain stream banks Elevation: 0-1200 m Generated Map Legacy Map
2 KB (480 words) - 13:16, 30 July 2020
of North America Association Stems often puberulent. Leaves: blades 20–60 (–80+) × 3–25 (–35+) mm, lobes lanceolate to linear or filiform, apices apiculate
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America Association Basal leaves 6–16 cm; blade broadly obovate-oblanceolate, 35–80 × 20–65 mm, base truncate, margins crenate-dentate, apex rounded or obtuse
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 15–80 cm. Leaves long-petiolate; blade bicolor, 4–10 cm, fleshy, abaxially lighter
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vicinity of Juniperus, Pinus, or Quercus Elevation: 0–600 m (c Texas eastward and northward), 1600–2000 m (west) Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Ariz., Ark., Fla
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318. 1840. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Loran C. Anderson, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Common names: Goldenbush Etymology: Generic name Erica and Greek meros
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Phylogenetic analysis of three chloroplast genes supports this distinction (M. C. Neel and M. P. Cummings 2004). Further, Brachystigma may be differentiated from
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cm; bulbs 0.6–2.5 cm. Stems 1/4–1/3 floriferous, 0.6–2 m. Leaf-blades linear, long-attenuate, 30–80 × 0.6–3.2 cm, apex acute. Inflorescences 1.3–8 dm; terminal
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obtuse; beak pale-brown, thickened, not more than 0.2 mm. 2n = 72, 74–77, 79–80. Phenology: Fruiting Jul–Aug. Habitat: Marshes, bogs, wet meadows, shallow
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usually 3–5 diverging spines per areole. Fruits bright red, ovoid to oblong, 30–80 (–100) mm, slightly tuberculate, shiny, edible, sweet. 2n = 22 [as A. pentagonus
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Stems prostrate, occasionally mat-forming, frequently rooting at nodes, 10–80 cm, glabrous. Leaves opposite; stipules connate into conspicuous, deltate
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dehisce explosively, producing a loud sound and throwing the seeds up to 45 m (M. D. Swain and T. Beer 1977). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"
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genusPterigynandrum Show Lower Taxa Pterigynandrum filiforme Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond., 80, plates 16, 17, 18, figs. 1–5. 1801. Dale H. Vitt Etymology: Greek pter-
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subspeciesEleocharis mamillata subsp. mamillata S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace* Common names: Éléocharide
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Mentioned on page 79, 80. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs, deciduous, 0.4–0.7 m. Stems erect to ascending
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Michael J. Warnock Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems (10-) 40-80 (-110) cm; base reddish, puberulent. Leaves variably distributed; green leaves
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openings, wiregrass-dominated seepage slopes, margins of bogs. Elevation: 0–80 m. Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Fla., Ga. Although Agalinis georgiana is
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Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs or trees to 24 m. Leaves: petiole 11–29 mm; blade whitish green or grayish green abaxially,
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Taxa Roldana hartwegii La Llave in P. de La Llave and J. M. de Lexarza in P. de La Llave and J. M. de Lexarza, Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 10. 1825. A. Michele Funston
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speciesEchinacea purpurea (Linnaeus) Moench Methodus, 591. 1794. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Kurt M. Neubig, Patricia B. Cox Common names: Eastern purple coneflower IllustratedEndemic
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Treatment on page 300. Mentioned on page 277, 296. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants large and rigid
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Treatment on page 301. Mentioned on page 277, 296. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants medium-sized to
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riparian woods, damp thickets, swamps, wet meadows, and prairies Elevation: 80-2500 m Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., Man., Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon, Ala
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Brittonia 35: 23, fig. 1. 1983. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Common names: Pintwater rabbitbrush EndemicConservation concern Treatment
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Nuttall Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 354. 1840. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Kurt M. Neubig, Patricia B. Cox Common names: Topeka purple coneflower Endemic Basionym:
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sheldonii Mackenzie Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 42: 618. 1915. A. A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on
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navasotensis Dubrule & Canne-Hilliker Sida 15: 426, figs. 1–7. 1993. Judith M. Canne-Hilliker†, John F. Hays Common names: Navasota false foxglove Illus
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Franco Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 2, 41: 25. 1967. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel Common names: Nodding club-moss Basionym: Lycopodium cernuum Linnaeus
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montevidensis Kunth Enum. Pl. 2: 144. 1837. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace* Illustrated Synonyms: Eleocharis
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New York Microscop. Soc. 5: 110. 1889. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace* Illustrated Synonyms: Eleocharis
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genusCalliergon speciesCalliergon richardsonii (Mitten) Kindberg Eur. N. Amer. Bryin. 1: 80. 1897. Lars Hedenäs Basionym: Stereodon richardsonii Mitten J. Linn. Soc.
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appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 61. Mentioned on page 12, 14, 57, 80, 82. Herbs, perennial; caude× woody or herbaceous. Stems erect, glabrous or
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Bierner, M. W. 1972. Taxonomy of Helenium sect. Tetrodus and a conspectus of North American Helenium (Compositae). Brittonia 24: 331–355. Bierner, M. W. 1989
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phenological, and ecological grounds. Latady, M. K. W. 1985. A Systematic Revision of Penstemon glaber and P. alpinus. M.S. thesis. University of Wyoming. Penstemon
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sessile, blades elliptic to oblanceolate, 80–200 × 10–25 mm, bases cuneate, auriculate; distal sessile, 40–80 × 7–20 mm, reduced distally. Heads in paniculiform
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Treatment on page 179. Mentioned on page 176, 177. Perennials [annuals], 10–40 [–80+] cm. Stems procumbent to ascending. Leaves basal and/or cauline; opposite;
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Berlin, Germany Deyl, M. 1980. Seskria Scop. Pp. 173-177 in T.G. Tutin, V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burges, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valentine, S.M. Walters and D.A. Webb
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Petiole straw-colored, (5–) 20–80 × (1–) 3–6 mm, at base with brown, linear-lanceolate, hairy scales. Blade (9–) 30–80 cm, broadest at base, gradually
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Taxa Leucolepis acanthoneura Lindberg Not. Sällsk. Fauna Fl. Fenn. Förh. 9: 80. 1868. Terry T. McIntosh, Steven G. Newmaster Endemic Etymology: Greek leucos
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Treatment on page 492. Mentioned on page 14, 487. Perennials [subshrubs], 6–80 cm (usually rhizomatous, sometimes fibrous-rooted or taprooted; usually aromatic)
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Inflorescences terminal, subumbellate, subcorymbose, or capitate; spikelets to 80, mostly 4–10 mm diam.; involucral-bracts surpassing inflorescence 1–5, spreading
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occidentalis (H. M. Hall) D. D. Keck Leafl. W. Bot. 8: 26. 1956. Staci Markos, John L. Strother IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Haplopappus occidentalis H. M. Hall Publ
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mm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent. Leaf-blade ovate to obovate, (80-) 100-300 × 80-150 mm, base obtuse to truncate, inequilateral, margins with 5-9 lobes
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Leaves 8–110 × 4–40 mm. Involucres hemispheric, 6–11 mm. Phyllaries (24–) 40–80 (–100) in 3–6 series, linear-lanceolate to linear, 4–11 × 0.5–1.2 mm, apices
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triangular to sometimes ovate, 3-pinnate or 3-pinnate-pinnatifid at base, 20–80 × 25–50 cm; blade margins and abaxial surface shaggy, rachises and costae
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Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 40–80 cm. Leaves: basal sheaths brown to orangebrown; blades of flowering-stems
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 57, 80. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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Xerochrysum Cassini ex Lecoq & Juillet Dict. Rais. Term. Bot., 296. 1831. Theodore M. Barkley†, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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516, 522, 525, 526, 527, 532, 536, 542, 552, 558. Shrubs or trees, (30–) 50–80 dm, main trunk usually dominant. Stems: trunk bark buff to gray-brown, fibrous
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included in molecular phylogenetic analyses of Antirrhineae by M. Ghebrehiwet et al. (2000) and M. Fernández-Mazuecos et al. (2013). The latter investigation
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placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed. Fruits capsules, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 80–150, dark-brown to black, ovoid to oblong-polygonal, wings absent. x = 12
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Treatment on page 139. Mentioned on page 137, 140. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants small to medium-sized
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subsp. mexicana, Eragrostis mexicana subsp. virescens (Hornem.) Link Paul M. Peterson Common names: Mexican lovegrass Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25
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sonchifolia Cassini Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817: 68. 1817. Theodore M. Barkley† Common names: Tasselflower pualele Etymology: Presumably for someone
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roadsides, railroads, around buildings, grazed grasslands Elevation: 80-2000 m Generated Map Legacy Map Introduced; Alta., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que
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America Association Herbs. Stems erect, green, simple or branched, not wiry, 5–80 cm, glabrous or sparsely papillose-scabridulous. Leaves uniformly distributed
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speciesChrysothamnus scopulorum (M. E. Jones) Urbatsch Sida 21: 1626. 2005. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Common names: Grand Canyon
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Mentioned on page 303, 304. Plants large to very large, yellowish green, to 80 cm, often very robust, densely hairy, hairs patent, soft. Stems densely spreading-hairy
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(30×). 2n = 40, 80. Phenology: Flowering spring–summer. Habitat: Gravelly, moist, montane areas, open alpine woods Elevation: 50-1000 m Generated Map Legacy
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flattened or capillary, blade of aerial leaves elliptic to lanceolate, 10–30 (–80) × 2–5 (–10) mm. Inflorescences axillary, flowers solitary, rarely paired
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Lower Taxa Cydonia oblonga Miller Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4, vol. 1. 1754. Paul M. Catling, Gisèle Mitrow Common names: Quince Introduced Etymology: Greek Kydonia
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83. Mentioned on page 81, 84. Shrubs, sometimes arborescent, evergreen, 1–6 m. Stems ascending to erect, not rooting at nodes; branchlets brown, not thorn-tipped
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants (10–) 20–50 (–80) cm (aerial stems unbranched, usually clustered). Leaves mostly basal; basal
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 30–80 (–120) cm (aerial stems simple or branched near or proximal to middles). Leaves
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Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Greenman) Cabrera Brittonia 7: 54. 1950. Theodore M. Barkley† Etymology: Greek pseudo - , false or resembling, and genus Gynoxys
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of North America Association Annuals (sometimes persisting), (5–) 10–30+ [–80] cm, not notably scented. Stems green or reddish, decumbent (sometimes rooting
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subgenusBotrychium subg. Botrychium speciesBotrychium pallidum W. H. Wagner Amer. Fern J. 80: 74. 1990. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Pale moonwort botryche
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-flowered; proximal 2 flowers, when present, not paired; bracts (3–) 5–20 (–80) mm. Flowers: tepals 4–8 (–11) × 0.5–2.1 mm, 2 or less times longer than pedicel
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20–35; corollas white to lilac, laminae 5–9 mm, tubes 0.6–0.9 mm. Disc-florets 80–134; corollas 2.1–2.9 mm. Cypselae obovoid, 1.3–2.1 × 0.8–1.3 mm, wings 0
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 76, 80. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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acute to subacuminate; petals orange-yellow, ± obovate, 5–10 mm; stamens 50–80, filaments basally connate; styles 2–4 mm; stigmas clavate. Capsules ovoid
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faces white-woolly, adaxial glabrate (distal leaves usually similar). Heads 40–80+ per array. Peduncles mostly 0–1 (–1.5) cm. Involucres campanulate, 2–3+ mm
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becoming red-orange; tubes 5 mm, laminae 8–10 × 2.5–4 mm. Disc-florets 50–80+; corollas yellow, 8–10 mm. Cypselae 5–7 mm; pappi of 15–20 scales 7–10 mm
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Plants 10–25 cm. Leaves: basal 2–10, blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, 15–80 x 3–10 mm, 1-pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping
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Treatment on page 233. Mentioned on page 229, 230, 234, 235. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Erect stems 3–8 cm, not
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S.] in War Department [U.S.], Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 111. 1857. Theodore M. Barkley† IllustratedEndemic Synonyms: Ligularia bigelovii (A. Gray) W. A.
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tailed. 2n = 80. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. Habitat: Moist, open grasslands and meadows Elevation: 700–3400 m Generated Map
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setulose-ciliate, apex acute; petals orange-yellow, obovate, 5–10 mm; stamens 50–80, irregularly grouped; styles 2–4 mm; stigmas clavate. Capsules ovoid to rostrate-subglobose
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems usually branching, 20–80 cm. Leaves: basal persistent, 3–7 dm; blade linear, flat. Inflorescences 2–many-flowered
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Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs or trees, 10–50 (–80) dm. Young stems sericeous or with ascending hairs. Leaves: stipules 1.5–5
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with large, edible fruits (T. Ulmer and J. M. MacDougal 2004), it is an extremely aggressive weed in Hawaii (A. M. La Rosa 1984, as P. mollissima) and other
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 475. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaves of sterile shoots
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pappi 1–4 mm. 2n = ca. 80. Phenology: Flowering Jun–Oct. Habitat: Open or shaded sites, grasslands, forests Elevation: 1200–2400 m Generated Map Legacy Map
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in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page 80, 101. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.1–0.3 m, matlike or moundlike. Stems spreading or prostrate, not
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 475. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaves oblong-ovate, 0
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 337. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants slender, 10 cm
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spatulate; ray corollas white, 13–25 mm; at (60–)500–1200(–1500) m Erigeron howellii 18 Plants 30–80(–100) cm; rays 75–150, corollas 8–16 × ca. 1 mm Erigeron speciosus
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smooth, lacking both cauline leaves and multicelled hairs. Inflorescences 80–100-flowered, globose heads (9 mm diam. in flower, 20–35 mm diam. in fruit);
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ovate-triangular to ovatelanceolate, 2–9 mm, apex acute to acuminate. Flowers 3–80, mostly pink, rosy purple, or deep purple, rarely almost white; sepals spreading;
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retrorse. Basal leaves: petiole 1–4 (–10) cm; blade (3–) 4–22 (–35) cm × 15–60 (–80) mm, lobes 1–6 (–9) each side, ovate or lanceolate, (smaller than terminal)
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2n = 80. Phenology: Fruiting mid summer. Habitat: Dry clearings, open woods, on acidic, rocky, or sandy substrates, rock outcrops Elevation: 0–700+ m Generated
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Flora of North America Association Plants densely cespitose. Culms (5–) 20–80 cm. Leaves: sheath summits usually U-shaped, sometimes prolonged to 2.5 (–4)
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reniformis Rafinesque Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 80. Mentioned on page 78, 79, 81. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright:
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subspeciesSagina maxima subsp. crassicaulis (S. Watson) G. E. Crow Rhodora 80: 79. 1978. Garrett E. Crow Illustrated Basionym: Sagina crassicaulis S. Watson
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oblong, ovate, or lanceolate (in outline), (3.5–) 5–14 (–20) cm × 20–60 (–80) mm, margins lyrate, pinnatifid, pinnatisect; lobes 1–3 each side, (oblong
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pinnae and pinnules. Inflorescences (3–) 5–7 (–10) -flowered, panicles, 35–60 (–80) mm; peduncles 2–5 mm. Flowers: hypanthium 4–6 mm; hypanthia and sepals pubescent
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(10–) 15–40; corollas violet, laminae 8–13 × 1–1.5 mm. Disc-florets 25–65 (–80); corollas yellow, sometimes purple-tinged, 4–6 mm, lobes triangular, 0.4–0
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants densely cespitose. Culms 20–80 cm; vegetative culms with leaf-blades in stiff rosettes. Leaves: sheaths adaxially
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants densely cespitose. Culms 25–80 cm. Leaves: sheaths adaxially hyaline, often green-veined nearly to collar
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5-17 × (3.5-) 5-7 (-9) mm, abaxially hairy, adaxially glabrous; stamens 50-80. Heads of achenes spheric; pedicel 6-15 (-23) cm. Achenes: body irregularly
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20. Treatment on page 417. Mentioned on page 414, 416, 419. Plants (10–) 18–80 cm. Stems 2–10, erect or ascending, pale or reddish, often stout, usually
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Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Common names: Greene’s goldenbush rabbitbrush Endemic Basionym: Haplopappus greenei A. Gray Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 16: 80. 1880 (as
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPrimulaceae genusDodecatheon speciesDodecatheon redolens (H. M. Hall) H. J. Thompson Contr. Dudley Herb. 4: 143. 1953 ,. James L. Reveal Common
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Leaves: petioles 10–40 (–60) mm; blades deltate to lanceovate overall, 30–80 (–150+) × 20–60 (–100+) mm, 3 (–5) -foliolate, leaflets petiolulate, lanceolate
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8-20 × 6-10 mm, abaxially hairy, rarely glabrous, adaxially glabrous; stamens 80-100, whitish; styles white. Heads of achenes spheric, rarely cylindric; pedicel
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Mentioned on page 31, 488, 541, 550. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 5–80 cm (taprooted; scentless or nearly so). Stems 1–5+, usually erect or ascending
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all triangular or lance-hastate with lobes spreading to antrorse, 5–100 × 3–80 mm, base abruptly to narrowly cuneate, entire or irregularly toothed. Flowers
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page 245. Plants perennial, sometimes appearing annual; cespitose. Culms 20-80 cm, geniculate to straight, not bulbous-based; nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 299. Mentioned on page 255, 300. Perennials, 10–80 cm. Stems erect, branched from bases or throughout. Leaves basal and cauline;
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Beccabunga (Hill) M. M. Martínez Ortega, Albach & M. A. Fischer (species 11–17, type V. beccabunga), subg. Pellidosperma (E. B. J. Lehman) M. M. Martínez Ortega
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considered a member of Brachytheciaceae by some authors (M. A. Lewis 1992). Results of molecular phylogenetics (M. S. Ignatov and S. Huttunen 2002) definitely indicate
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Jones, D. M. and T. R. Mertens. 1970. A taxonomic study of genus Polygonum employing chromatographic methods. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 80: 422–430. Polygonum
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appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 31. Mentioned on page 30. Plants 60–80 cm. Stems glabrate, glandular. Leaves linear to narrowly oblanceolate (principal
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spheric. Nearly worldwide, mostly in temperate regions Genera 3, species ca. 80 (2 genera, 6 species in the flora). The acrocarpous habit, thickened and often
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Ptychophyllum, Setaria subg. Reverchoniae, Setaria subg. Setaria P. Beauv. James M. Rominger Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page 539. Plants
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tribe Paniceae genusPaspalum speciesPaspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius Charles M. Allen, David W. Hall Common names: Sour paspalum Treatment appears in FNA
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Leaves: petioles 10–30 mm; blades lanceolate to lance-linear overall, 30–80 (–150) × 10–30 (–50) mm, usually laciniately pinnatisect, primary lobes 3–7+
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Genome 46:673-682 Booher, L.E. and R.M. Tryon. 1948. A study of Elymus in Minnesota. Rhodora 50:80-91 Bowden, W.M. 1958. Natural and artificial ×Elymordeum
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Stems short-procumbent, 0.1–0.4 m, 2–3.5 m with peduncle and inflorescence. Leaf-blade planoconvex or plano-keeled, 45–80 (–150) × 1.2–2 cm, stiff but somewhat
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(Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae; C. M. McGuire 1999). Passiflora lutea is pollinated by various hymenoptera, including wasps (J. M. MacDougal 1983), and a ground-nesting
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disposition of Magnolia macrophylla and its close relative M. ashei has been perplexing since M. ashei was described. Some investigators have treated them
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medial laminal cells elongate, often ± rhomboidal, usually 3+:1, (30–) 40–80 (–110) µm, in diagonal rows, not collenchymatous, walls pitted; marginal cells
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Gunsight or Xantus’s clarkia Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Stems erect, to 80 cm, glabrous, glaucous. Leaves: petiole 0–2 mm; blade linear to lanceolate
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Taxa Trachycystis flagellaris Lindberg Not. Sällsk. Fauna Fl. Fenn. Förh. 9: 80. 1868. Jillian D. Bainard, Terry T. McIntosh Etymology: Greek trachys, rough
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genusAgalinis speciesAgalinis obtusifolia Rafinesque New Fl. 2: 64. 1837. Judith M. Canne-Hilliker†, John F. Hays Common names: Savanna false foxglove IllustratedEndemic
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stream, pond, and lakeshores, ditches, often in water (to 60–80 cm deep) Elevation: 50–2800 m Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., Man., N.W.T., Ont., Que
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Beadle) S. F. Blake J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19: 273. 1929. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Kurt M. Neubig, Patricia B. Cox Common names: Smooth purple coneflower EndemicConservation
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michuacanum (La Llave & Lexarza) Lindley Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl., 478. 1840. Paul M. Catling, Paul Martin Brown Illustrated Basionym: Neottia michuacana La Llave
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P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Common names: Turpentine bush Basionym: Haplopappus laricifolius A. Gray Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 80. 1853 (as Aplopappus)
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speciesEriochloa pseudoacrotricha (Stapf ex Thell.) J.M. Robert B. Shaw, Robert D. Webster, Christine M. Bern Common names: Vernal cupgrass Treatment appears
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Synonyms: Breidleria Loeske Drepanium C. E. O. Jensen Pseudostereodon (Brotherus) M. Fleischer Stereodon (Bridel) Mitten Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment
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FNA Volume 2. Aerial stems monomorphic, green, branched or unbranched, 20–80 cm; hollow center small, to 1/3 stem diam.; vallecular canals nearly as large
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(petioles 10–30 mm); blades ± 3-nerved distal to bases, deltate to rhombic, 25–80 × 20–60 mm, bases broadly cuneate, margins usually serrate (teeth uneven)
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pale-yellow, 8–11 mm. Cypselae 3–4 mm, 9-nerved, glabrous or strigose; pappi of 80–120 bristles 8–10 mm. 2n = 60. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Open
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flowering; blades broadly elliptic or ovate to lanceolate, 6–12 (–18+) cm × 30–80 (–120+) mm (including petioles), both faces sparsely pilose to hirsute. Bracts
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaf-blades 35–120 (–180+) × 10–50 (–80+) mm. Peduncles filiform, 5–25+ mm. Involucres 7–11+ mm. Phyllaries: abaxial
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaf-blades 50–150 (–250) × 10–50 (–80+) mm. Peduncles 1–5+ cm, bristly hispid. Calyculi: bracts 9–15+ × 3–5+ mm
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Illustrator: Linny Heagy Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 30–60 (–80) cm, usually robust. Stems erect. Basal leaves 100–450 × 20–60 mm. Heads usually
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems with 80-200 prickles per cm⊃2;. Leaf-blades: surfaces prickly on veins and prickly-hispid
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 79. Mentioned on page 76, 80. Stems spreading to erect, 3–6 dm, glabrous or hairy when young. Leaves opposite;
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cm diam. Leaves rarely fewer than 10, 2.5–5 dm × 2–5 cm. Inflorescences 50–80 cm; sterile bracts 0, bracts subtending flowers exceeding pedicel. Flowers
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 20-80 cm. Basal leaves 2×-ternately compound, 5-30 cm, much shorter than stems;
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E. Janchen 1942; I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1984; M. Koch et al. 1999; O. Appel and Al-Shehbaz 2003; Koch et al. 2003; M. A. Beilstein et al. 2006; Al-Shehbaz et
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speciesDaltonia splachnoides (Smith) Hooker & Taylor Muscol. Brit., 80. 1818. Patricia M. Eckel Illustrated Basionym: Neckera splachnoides Smith Engl. Bot
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in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 84. Mentioned on page 80, 81. Shrubs, deciduous, 0.5–1 m. Stems erect, ascending, or spreading, not rooting at nodes;
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Synonyms: Balsamorhiza hookeri var. idahoensis (W. M. Sharp) Cronquist Balsamorhiza macrophylla var. idahoensis W. M. Sharp Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21.
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20–80 (–100) cm, scabrous-angled. Leaves: basal sheaths reddish purple, bladeless, apex of inner band glabrous; ligules 1.5–14 mm; blades green, M-shaped
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subtropical forests with Illicium and Magnolia Elevation: low elevations (0-80 m) Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Fla., La., Mexico, West Indies, Central America
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Niles) A. M. Powell & Yarborough Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 330. Plants trailing, 30–70 cm. Leaves: petioles 25–45 (–80) cm, lobes
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Plants acaulescent or short-stemmed, trunks less than 1 m; rosettes open. Leaves frequently reflexed, 80–135 × 17–22 cm; blade light green to glaucous-gray
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green, flat-topped spheric to short cylindric, 4–40 (–45) [–250] × 8–30 [–80] cm, apical region appearing copiously woolly (shortly velvety in E. texensis)
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Blades are usually V- or M-shaped in cross section. The V-shaped leaves are keeled with a midvein prominent on the abaxial surface and M-shaped leaves have a
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elevations, reaching 900 m in the Appalachian Mountains. There is one collection from Utah: Utah County, Mt. Timpanogos, 2040 m, wet logs, lumber, Flowers
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tribeAsteraceae tribe Senecioneae genusPackera speciesPackera ganderi (T. M. Barkley & R. M. Beauchamp) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K
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Hershkovitz, M. A. 1993b. Leaf morphology of Calandrinia and Montiopsis (Portulacaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80: 366–396. Hershkovitz, M. A. 1993. Revised
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Volume 28. Treatment on page 287. Mentioned on page 290. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stem-leaves gradually
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in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 92. Mentioned on page 80, 91. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.5–1.5 m. Stems erect, ascending or spreading, not rooting at nodes;
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speciesPericallis hybrida (Regel) B. Nordenstam Opera Bot. 44: 21. 1978. Theodore M. Barkley† Common names: Florists’ cineraria Basionym: Senecio hybridus Regel
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in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 94. Mentioned on page 80, 81. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.5–1 m. Stems ascending to spreading, not rooting at nodes; branchlets
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hammocks, and wetlands, often bordering cypress ponds and swamps Elevation: 10-80 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Fla., Ga. Of conservation concern. A. Cronquist
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Douglas fir forests, also open sand in dunes with Pinus contorta Elevation: 80-200 m Generated Map Legacy Map File:V27 531-distribution-map.gif, File:V27 531-distribution-map
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Volume 28. Treatment on page 541. Mentioned on page 534. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants large, golden to
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FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 94. Mentioned on page 80, 87. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.2–0.3 (–0.5) m, matlike. Stems spreading, sometimes rooting at nodes;
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americana varietyAgave americana var. expansa (Jacobi) Gentry Agave Fam. Sonora, 80. 1972. James L. Reveal, Wendy C. Hodgson Common names: Spreading century plant
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familyChenopodiaceae genusCycloloma speciesCycloloma atriplicifolium (Sprengel) J. M. Coulter Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 143. 1894. Sergei L. Mosyakin WeedyIllustrated
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edwardsiana Pennell Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 73: 522. 1922. Judith M. Canne-Hilliker†, John F. Hays Common names: Plateau false foxglove Endemic
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64, 80, 96, 112 (Europe). Phenology: Flowering and fruiting Feb–Nov. Habitat: Disturbed areas, waste places, cultivated fields. Elevation: 0–300 m. Generated
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Divisae speciesCarex divisa Hudson Fl. Angl., 348. 1762. A. A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling IntroducedIllustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment
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familyCyperaceae genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Racemosae speciesCarex aboriginum M. E. Jones Biol. Ser. Bull. State Univ. Montana 15: 69. 1910. David F. Murray
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 526. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 7 cm, complanate-foliate
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page 88. Mentioned on page 81. Shrubs, sometimes arborescent, evergreen, 2–7 m. Stems erect, not rooting at nodes; branchlets brown, not thorn-tipped, round
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FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 86. Mentioned on page 79, 80, 87, 90. Shrubs, evergreen, 1–4 m. Stems erect, not rooting at nodes; branchlets light gray
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genusPerityle sectionPerityle sect. Laphamia speciesPerityle huecoensis A. M. Powell Madroño 30: 219, fig. 2. 1983. Sharon C. Yarborough, A. Michael Powell
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Bourell Illustrated Basionym: Pterigynandrum gracile Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond., 80. 1801 Synonyms: Pterogonium gracile (Hedwig) Smith Treatment appears in FNA
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Volume 28. Treatment on page 430. Mentioned on page 429. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants medium-sized, in
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Treatment on page 500. Mentioned on page 495, 497. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants to 20 cm, green
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de Candolle in R. Wight in R. Wight, Contr. Bot. India, 24. 1834. Theodore M. Barkley† Common names: Lilac tasselflowers IntroducedIllustrated Basionym:
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Volume 8. Treatment on page 235. Mentioned on page 232, 234. Trees, to 18 m. Leaves: petiole 10–30 mm; blade elliptic to oblongelliptic, 60–140 × 20–50
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Mentioned on page 80, 84, 97, 127, 132, 139, 147, 149, 152, 153. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs, 0.5–6 m, (sometimes
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Illustrator ⠉ Calliergon cordifolium Patricia M. Eckel Calliergon giganteum Patricia M. Eckel Calliergon megalophyllum Patricia M. Eckel ... further results
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tribe Poeae genusLachnagrostis Show Lower Taxa Lachnagrostis filiformis Trin. M.J. Harvey Treatment appears in FNA Volume 24. Treatment on page 694. Plants
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 113. Mentioned on page 75, 80, 83, 87, 90, 103, 105, 115, 116, 117, 128, 145, 1. Illustrator: John Myers
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Volume 9. Treatment on page 430. Shrubs or trees, rounded to ovoid, 10–50 (–80) dm, usually multistemmed. Leaves: petiole (1.5–) 4–16 (–26) mm; blade usually
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outer). Receptacles flat, smooth, epaleate. Peripheral (pistillate) florets 40–80 (more numerous than bisexual); corollas purplish or whitish. Inner (bisexual)
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rounded; filaments 1–3 × 0.5–2 mm, anthers 0.7–1.1 mm; carpels (30–) 40–60 (–80); styles 2–3 mm. Achenes brown, 1.5–1.8 mm, smooth or minutely rugose. Generated
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Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 332. 1937. Charles J. Sheviak, Paul M. Catling, Susan J. Meades, Richard M. Bateman Common names: Orchis Etymology: Greek dactylos
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acuminate, faces glabrous. Florets 13–80; ligules 15–25 mm. Cypselae brown, 7–10 mm, narrowed distally, not beaked; pappi of 40–80, intergradent, smooth to barbellulate
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 112. Perennials, 15–80 cm; herbage silvery, hairs fine, ± appressed. Leaves: petioles winged, wings
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Treatment on page 275. Mentioned on page 270, 273. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants large, coarse and
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page 277. Mentioned on page 269, 273, 275, 300, 305. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants medium-sized to
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Chase, M. W. et al. 1993. Phylogenetics of seed plants: An analysis of nucleotide sequences from the plastid gene rbcL. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80: 528--580
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pine-juniper woodlands Elevation: 900–1900 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., N.Mex., n Mexico D. S. Correll and M. C. Johnston (1970) included Nolina microcarpa
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very closely related to, and perhaps only a southern race of, the M. carletonii phase of M. glabra. None. None. "dm" is not declared as a valid unit of measurement
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core of the genus in its strict sense; sections Polyphylla H. M. Hall and Xylolepis H. M. Hall, however, may be congeneric with Hazardia, based on morphologic
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slightly 4-angled, widest toward base, tapering from base to apex, (15–) 30–80 × 1.5–5 mm; sessile. Seeds numerous, in 1 row per locule, buff with dark spots
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30 (11 in the flora). Sciuro-hypnum was segregated from Brachythecium by M. S. Ignatov and S. Huttunen (2002). Previously, species of Sciuro-hypnum were
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Volume 21. Treatment on page 362. Mentioned on page 354, 357, 361. Shrubs, 50–80 cm. Stems erect (densely white-woolly). Leaves (proximal alternate): blades
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Treatment on page 192. Mentioned on page 191, 193. Plants annual or perennial, 30–80 cm, glabrous, papillose-scabrid, or hirtellous. Stems erect or ascendent,
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Volume 7. Treatment on page 193. Mentioned on page 192. Plants annual 25–60 (–80) cm, glabrous or puberulent. Stems erect or ascendent, branched. Leaves: blade
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speciesEriochloa lemmonii Vasey & Scribn. Robert B. Shaw, Robert D. Webster, Christine M. Bern Common names: Canyon cupgrass Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment
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slender, rarely tuberous, taproot. Stems erect or ascending, branched, 30–80 (–110) cm, strigillose or glabrescent, sharply angled. Leaves usually alternate
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America Association Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous. Culms trigonous, (30–) 45–80 cm × (0.8–) 1.2–2.2 mm, glabrous. Leaves flat to V-shaped, becoming trigonous
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0.5–4 mm; rachilla deciduous, wings persistent, 0.5 mm wide. Spikelets 20–80, ellipsoid, roughly quadrangular, 3–5 × 1–1.4 mm; floral scales 1–2 (–4),
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Association Plants densely or loosely cespitose; rhizomes slender, short. Culms to 80 cm. Leaves: blades 1.5–3 (–4) mm wide. Inflorescences usually less than 15
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glabrous, glaucous. Leaves persistent, 3–5 pairs, short-petiolate or sessile, 15–80 × (5–) 11–28 mm, blade elliptic to ovate, oblanceolate, or spatulate, base
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erect, green, red, or purple, narrowly ovoid, tips divergent, 6–9 mm. Seeds 80–120, 3.2–4.8 × 0.4–0.6 mm, ends tapered. 2n = 14. Phenology: Flowering Jun–Sep
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (15-) 30-60 (-80) cm; base usually reddish, puberulent. Leaves distribution variable; basal
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15–35 cm; 2d order rays 1–3 cm; bracts 8–12, ascending at 45–60°, (5–) 20–80 cm × 3–15 mm; 2d order bracts 3–7 cm × 2–4 mm; rachilla persistent, wings
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remaining firmly attached basally, wings 0.3–0.4 mm wide. Spikelets (15–) 50–80, slightly compressed, linear, ± quadrangular, 5–12 × 0.6–1.4 mm; floral scales
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shortly rhizomatous, coarse, viscous. Culms round to roundly trigonous, 15–80 cm × 2–4 mm, glabrous. Leaves: adaxial face concave, becoming trigonous apically
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cylindrique Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Aerial shoots (20-) 30-70 (-80) cm, from caudices, rarely with very short ascending rhizomes, caudices ascending
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glabrous. Fruits yellow, orange, or red, globose to ovoid, 1–2 cm; drupelets 20–80, strongly coherent, separating from torus. 2n = 14. Phenology: Flowering (Feb–)Mar–Jul
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America Association Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous. Culms trigonous, (10–) 30–80 (–140) cm × (0.4–) 1–3 (–5) mm, glabrous. Leaves V-shaped or flanged V-shaped
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subacute; petals 4, bright-yellow, obovate, 11–18 mm; stamens persistent, 80–100; ovary 3 (–4) -merous. Capsules narrowly ellipsoid-ovoid, 7–10 × 5–6.5
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linear-lanceolate or often triangular-ovate or lanceovate, 30–125 × 25–60 (–80) mm, thickened, basal or subbasal lobes spreading to mainly antrorse, obtuse
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genusEntosthodon speciesEntosthodon rubrisetus (Bartram) Grout Moss Fl. N. Amer. 2: 80. 1935,. Donna H. Miller, Harvey A. Miller Basionym: Funaria rubriseta Bartram
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absent distally, blades narrowly to broadly oblanceolate or spatulate, 10–80 × 3–10 mm, margins evenly to irregularly serrate or serrulate, teeth 3–14
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John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (25-) 30-60 (-80) cm; base sometimes reddish, puberulent. Leaves basal and cauline; basal leaves
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Leaf-blades usually pale green or glaucous abaxially, green adaxially, elliptic, 20–80 × 9–32 mm, ± membranous, margins usually entire, inrolled on more-coriaceous
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sheathing base densely strigose abaxially; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm; leaflets 60–80 per side, 0.6–1.5 mm, lobes (0–) 3–5, obovate to oval, densely villous. Inflorescences
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shallow waters bordering pine-flatwoods and pine-palmetto scrub Elevation: 0–80 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Fla., Ga., La., N.C., S.C., Va. Most specimens
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perennial, rhizomatous. Culms single or close together, trigonous, (10–) 40–80 (–120) cm × 1.2–2.5 (–5) mm, glabrous. Leaves 2–5, pleated, (10–) 20–50 (–90)
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broadly obcordiform, 4–6 × (5–) 6–8.5 (–9.5) mm, apex acute, sinus angle (80–) 90–120 (–150) °, reticulate with prominent veins, ± sparsely to densely
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blades elliptic to broadly obovate or rhombic, main cauline rhombic, 30–50 (–80) × 10–40 (–60) mm (thick and firm), bases cuneate, margins entire proximally
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prostrate or decumbent-ascending, usually profusely branched throughout, 10–80 dm, minutely puberulent with flat hairs, usually also with spreading hairs
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mm, pilose; blade narrowly to broadly elliptic, or lanceolate to ovate, 30–80 × 10–15 mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins coarsely crenate-dentate, strigose
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purple, oblong or narrowly obovate, 8-20 × 6-10 mm, abaxially villous; stamens 80-100, purple; styles red. Heads of achenes spheric, rarely cylindric; pedicel
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perennial, cespitose, shortly rhizomatous. Culms 1–4, trigonous, (2–) 20–50 (–80) cm × (0.8–) 1.5–2 (–2.8) mm, basally glabrous or nearly so, apically hispidulous
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clumps by basal offshoots. Culms triquetrous, bulbous, thickened, (20–) 30–80 (–90) cm × 0.7–1.2 mm, glabrous proximally, becoming trigonous strongly scabridulous
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remaining firmly attached proximally, wings 0.3 (–0.4) mm wide. Spikelets (20–) 40–80, linear, quadrangular, 3–8 (–11) × 1–1.5 mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–16
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants densely cespitose. Culms 20–80 cm. Leaves: sheaths adaxially conspicuously green-veined nearly to collar
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Association Plants densely or loosely cespitose; rhizomes thick, short. Culms to 80 cm. Leaves: blades 3–8 mm wide. Inflorescences with 3–5 spikes; peduncles
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Inflorescences capitate or paniclelike, uninterrupted, 5–12 × 3–8 mm; peduncle 10–80 mm, retrorsely prickly proximally, stellate-pubescent and stipitate-glandular
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domestication in the flora area or elsewhere. Plants of M. penduliflorus are more robust than those of M. arboreus and have spectacular, pendulous flowers up
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similarity of Mirabilis texensis to the weedy Mexican M. glabrifolia (Gomez Ortega) I. M. Johnston, rather than M. viscosa, with which it was associated by P. C
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Thalictrum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 545. 175. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 242. 1754. Marilyn M. Park, Dennis Festerling Jr. Common names: Meadow-rue pigamon Etymology: Thaliktron
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partially to entirely keeled, flat, to 0.8 m × 4–10 mm; floating leaves limp, keeled at least near base, to 2 m × 4–18 mm. Inflorescences: rachis unbranched
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fairly uniform M. albida, provided a table distinguishing among it, M. oblongifolia, and M. melanotricha. Distinguishing leaf forms of M. oblongifolia as
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inodora (Linnaeus) K. Koch M. maritima subsp. inodora (Linnaeus) Soó M. maritima var. inodora (Linnaeus) Soó M. perforata (Mérat) M. Lainz Tripleurospermum
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Island, D. stellatus Kellogg, a member of sect. Diplacus (M. C. Tulig and G. L. Nesom 2012). D. M. Thompson (2005) treated D. stellatus as a synonym of his
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subg. Botrychium speciesBotrychium spathulatum W. H. Wagner Amer. Fern J. 80: 77. 1990. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Spatulate
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Habitat: Warm desert shrub, on dry saline alluvial fans and hills Elevation: 80-1200 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., Calif., Nev., Utah. Atriplex hymenelytra
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Volume 27. Treatment on page 465. Mentioned on page 463. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stem-leaves appressed
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in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 82. Mentioned on page 78, 80. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants small;
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Treatment on page 200. Mentioned on page 194, 195. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants medium-sized to
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Volume 28. Treatment on page 201. Mentioned on page 195. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants medium-sized to
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Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 25–80 cm, glabrescent. Leaves: sheaths pilose; ligules as long as or shorter than
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petiolate or sessile; blades oblanceolate or spatulate to lanceolate or linear, 30–80+ × 2–15+ mm, margins of midstem leaves usually irregularly toothed proximally
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abaxial faces usually glabrescent or glabrous, rarely hairy. Disc-florets 50–80. Pappi of 5 erose scales alternating with 5, 1–3-aristate scales. 2n = 32
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slender. Stems 100–350 mm, freely branched. Leaves cauline, opposite, 60–80 × 1–3 mm; blade linear to linear-lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins
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Illustrator: Bee F. Gunn Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials, 10–80 cm. Stems 1–20+, decumbent, scapiform, usually branched distally, glabrous
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 10–80 (–200) cm; nodal spines 0. Leaves: petioles 20–100 (–140+) mm; blades suborbiculate
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short petiolate, blade prominently 3-veined, ovate to lanceolate, mainly 12–80 × 6–50 mm, margin irregularly sinuate-dentate and often subhastately lobed
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cm, nearly glabrous; ultimate lobes 3-21, width 1-8 mm. Inflorescences 25-80-flowered, dense; pedicel 0.5-2 cm, glandular-pubescent; bracteoles 1-4 mm
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tribePoaceae tribe Paniceae genusPaspalum speciesPaspalum pleostachyum Doll Charles M. Allen, David W. Hall Common names: Tropical paspalum Treatment appears in
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Stems erect, branched distally, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Leaves linear, 10–80 × 1–2+ mm (simple blades or single lobes), margins entire or pinnately lobed
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 356. Mentioned on page 355. Heads 15–60 (–80); bracts linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate or elliptic, 20–120
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valves separating at dehiscence. Seeds obovoid, 0.5 mm, not tailed. 2n = 80. Phenology: Fruiting mid summer–fall. Habitat: Wet ground in ditches, lake
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Leaves: proximal blades 15–35 cm × 3–15 mm. Inflorescences paniculate, 10–80-flowered, narrow, terminal raceme pyramidal in anthesis, 2–30 × 2–4 cm, proximal
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Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Annuals, 5–80 cm; taprooted; stolons absent. Aerial stems simple or branched from bases
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glabrous (branched distally). Cauline leaf-blades oblong to obovate, 30–50 (–80) mm, lengths mostly 2–4 times widths, bases ± clasping, margins dentate (teeth
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branched distally, villous, especially distally. Leaves linear or subulate, 15–80 × 1.5–2 (–4) mm, margins ± entire, faces moderately hairy. Involucres cylindric
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Annuals, 10–80 cm; herbage bristly and/or soft-hairy. Leaves petiolate (proximal) or sessile;
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5–7+ × 9–14+ mm. Ray-florets 8–13+; corolla laminae 6–15+ mm. Disc-florets 60–80 (–120+); corollas 3–4 mm. Cypselae 3–4.5+ mm, faces hirtellous to ± strigose;
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tan, ellipsoid to lunate, (0.32–) 0.45–0.52 (–0.65) mm, not tailed. 2n = ca. 80. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting late spring–early summer. Habitat: Exposed
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sometimes alternate); sessile; blades pinnately nerved, elliptic to ovate, 20–80 × 10–30 mm, bases cuneate, margins serrate to crenate-serrate, apices rounded
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page 404. Mentioned on page 402, 405. Annuals or short-lived perennials, 50–80 cm (bushy); taproots moderately thick, woody. Stems 10–40+, erect to ascending
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FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 574. Mentioned on page 572. Plants 10–50 (–80) cm. Stems attenuate toward tuberoid, 0.5–3.5 mm diam.; bracts (4–) 7–20 (–26)
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FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 185. Mentioned on page 183. Perennials, 25–80 cm, from rhizomes or stolons. Stems 1–several, erect, simple or sparingly
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 40-80 (-180) cm, base simple and/or long-puberulent. Leaves mainly cauline; basal
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± oblong to lance-oblong, 6–8 mm. Ray laminae 12–22+ mm. Disc-florets 40–80+; corollas redbrown to purplish, 5–6 mm. Cypselae obovate to oblong, 4–5 (–6)
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Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association Subshrubs or shrubs, 15–80 cm. Stems ± solid (floccose in some leaf-axils). Leaves: proximal blades toothed
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7–25 × 2–12 mm, scarious, glandular-puberulent to short-villous; flowers 30–80. Perianth: tube greenish to reddish purple, 10–25 mm, limb white, (2–) 6–10
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Herbs, 10–80 (–100) cm, glabrous or sparsely papillose to hispid. Stems erect, rarely ascending
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persistently tomentose, eglandular; basal and proximal cauline with petiole 40–80 mm; blade ovatelanceolate to ovate-elliptic or oblong, (10–) 15–25 (–35) ×
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms sharply trigonous, (10–) 20–80 cm; bladeless basal sheaths brown, strongly fibrillose. Leaves: sheaths tight
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Ptilomeris speciesLasthenia minor (de Candolle) Ornduff Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 40: 80. 1966. Raymund Chan, Robert Ornduff† Common names: Coastal goldfields Endemic
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cm. Stems erect, branched distally, glabrous or ± hairy. Leaves linear, 10–80 × 1–2 (–3+) mm, margins entire, faces glabrous or sparsely hairy. Involucres
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Flora of North America Association Culms 15–40 cm. Proximal leaf-blades 20–80 cm × 4–8 mm, smooth, glaucous and finely papillose abaxially, green and scabrid
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inflorescences; lateral spikes usually androgynous, (10–) 25–50 × 3.5–6 mm, with 20–80 perigynia; terminal spikes 20–50 × 2.5–5 mm. Pistillate scales ovate, 2.4–4
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tansy-aster Basionym: Linosyris carnosa A. Gray Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 80. 1853 Synonyms: Leucosyris carnosa (A. Gray) Greene Leucosyris carnosa var
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proximally, sometimes distally, villous. Leaves linear to linear-oblong, 10–80 × 1–5.5 mm, margins usually entire, sometimes 1–2-toothed (teeth to 2 mm)
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