areoles completely separate from flowering areoles in some genera, bearing 0–90 spines, glochids absent. Spines acicular, subulate, daggerlike, ribbonlike
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334. Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5–) 2–90 (–100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes
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flattened distally, 0.2–1.3 mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy or papillate, hairs or papillae to 1.5 mm, rarely glabrous; style
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plus 2 series of 25–45 longer, barbellate bristles, mid apically attenuate, 90–95% length of inner, inner apically weakly to strongly clavate [(0.5–in S
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sometimes herbaceous). Receptacles flat to convex, epaleate. Florets (3–) 8–45 (–90); corollas usually white or whitish to cream, sometimes greenish, purplish
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Treatment on page 413. Mentioned on page 12, 16, 402, 417, 421. Perennials, 5–50 (–90) cm, sericeous, tomentose, or glabrous, sometimes sessile or stipitate-glandular
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sessiliflora, Lechea stricta, Lechea tenuifolia, Lechea torreyi Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 90. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 40. 1754. David E. Lemke Common names: Pinweed Etymology:
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capitate, or funnelform]. Fruits capsular, mostly loculicidal. Seeds [1–6–] 15–90 or more, mostly under 2 [–4] mm, mostly ridged or lined. Tropical and subtropical
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sometimes with creeping rhizomes 0.5–1 mm thick, tubers absent. Culms terete, to 90 cm × 2 mm. Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths usually persistent, thinly membranous
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Inflorescences terminal on short-shoots or from axils of previous year’s leaves, 1–64 (–90) [–100] -flowered, racemes, corymbs, umbellate fascicles, 2-flowered fascicles
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present. Flowers rarely unisexual (dioecious in R. setigera or monoecious), 10–90 (–100) mm diam.; hypanthium 2–5 (–10) mm, glabrous, puberulent, tomentose
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rolled into fusiform structure, unmodified, or shortened and oriented at 90° angles to outer leaves. Leaves submersed or both submersed and floating,
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or funnelform. Capsules 3-valved, usually thin, loculicidal. Seeds [1–] 15–90 or more, mealy or translucent, ovoid to cylindric, 0.3–1 (–4) mm, variously
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Mentioned on page 136, 148, 170, 171, 173. Annuals or perennials, (2–) 10–90 (–120+) cm. Stems erect, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves mostly
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mostly linear to filiform, herbaceous). Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets (20–) 45–90 (–160+), bisexual, fertile; corollas lavender, pink, purple, or white, tubes
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FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 81. Mentioned on page 14, 53, 54, 82, 88, 90, 303. Herbs, perennial, subscapose, bulbous or rhizomatous, all parts containing
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faces silky (hairs antrorsely ascending to appressed); pappi persistent, of 30–90+ usually whitish to brown or reddish-brown, basally flattened (wider at overlapping
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sometimes orange, paler near teeth, prominent, deeply saccate with 3 lobes at ca. 90° from one another, pouches 6–10 mm wide, 3–4 mm deep, abruptly widening from
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 452. Mentioned on page 8, 451. Annuals, mostly 2–90 cm; taprooted. Stems erect or decumbent, simple or branched from bases or
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ovoid, sometimes subglobose to globose, (0.8–)1–2.5 cm. Melothria 23 Petals 2–90 mm; fruits cylindric to narrowly clavate or globose or depressed-globose to
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population biology in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 90: 151–171. Lysak, M. A. and C. Lexer. 2006. Towards the era of comparative
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Michael J. Warnock Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems (20-) 40-90 (-150) cm; base reddish or not, ± pubescent. Leaves basal and cauline; basal
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 88, 89. Plants to 90 cm (roots fusiform to elongate-turbinate, branched). Herbage
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tapered, or minutely clawed, surfaces glabrous [rarely hairy]; stamens (11–) 13–90; filaments distinct or irregularly connate into groups proximally, dorsiventrally
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names: Eel-grass Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Treatment on page 90. Herbs, perennial, rarely annual, rhizomatous, caulescent; turions absent
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West Indies, Central America, South America, e Eurasia, in Europe Species ca. 90 (77, including 1 hybrid, in the flora). The taxonomy followed here is based
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is native to Eurasia as well as to North and South America, and has about 90 species. None. Bromus anomalus, Bromus ciliatus, Bromus erectus, Bromus frondosus
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oblong-ovate, oblongelliptic, triangular, triangular-ovate, or lanceolate-ovate, 25–90 [–120] mm, pubescent to puberulent, corolla campanulate. Staminate flowers:
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Mentioned on page 189, 190, 194, 204. Herbs. Stems ascending to erect, (2–) 5–70 (–90) cm, glabrous or retrorsely hairy, not glaucous. Leaves basal and cauline
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irregularly in L. portula, placenta and seeds remaining within capsules). Seeds 10–90 (+), obovoid to fusiform or subglobose, to 1 mm; cotyledons ± complanate.
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broader, the other concave, narrower, the different morphologies alternating at 90° at each node, usually hirsute to villous, hairs bristlelike, often gland-tipped;
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purplish nerves, lobes 1/8–1/2 lengths of laminae, ± parallel). Disc-florets 9–90, some bisexual and fertile, the rest functionally staminate; corollas yellow
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mucilaginous, instead containing latex (absent in M. grahamii). Spines [2–] 5–80 (–90) per areole, of every color that cactus spines can, hairlike, bristlelike
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linear to spatulate, distally herbaceous). Ray-florets 0. Disc-florets (20–) 45–90 (–160+), bisexual, fertile; corollas pale lavender, pink, or purple, or white
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curved. > 90 89 Bulb coats reticulate, cells arranged in ± regular vertical rows, narrowly hexagonal to rectangular, transversely elongate. > 91 90 Cells of
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monomorphic, closely spaced to distant, not conspicuously narrowed at tip, to 90 cm. Petiole articulate to stem, straw-colored, somewhat flattened or grooved
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24. Treatment on page 448. Plants usually annual, rarely perennial. Culms 5-90 cm, erect or ascending from a decumbent base, usually glabrous. Sheaths open
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varietyCastilleja densiflora var. gracilis (Bentham) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 68. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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varietyCastilleja campestris var. succulenta (Hoover) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 68. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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Lower Taxa Myrsine cubana Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 196. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 90. 1754 ,. John J. Pipoly III, Jon M. Ricketson Common names: Colicwood Etymology:
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Ertter, Anne Bruneau Basionym: Undefined subg. Hesperhodos Cockerell Nature 90: 571. 1913 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned
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affinis varietyCastilleja affinis var. neglecta (Zeile) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 66. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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and sepals with green lines or veins. > 90 90 Flowers pink or dull brown to purplish; column 8 mm. Deiregyne 90 Flowers various, not pink or dull brown
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having parts in threes Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 51, 54, 56, 91, 97, 101, 110, 113, 150. Herbs, perennial
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leaves) ending just before apex, lamina present into apex > 9 6 Seta curved 30-90° when wet. Seligeria recurvata 6 Seta straight when wet > 7 7 Leaves wiry
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longer than wide, often spreading throughout most of frond; angle of pouch 45°–90°; flowering fronds similar to vegetative ones. Fruits 0.3–0.4 mm. 2n = 40
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appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page 79, 80, 81, 90, 91, 94. Shrubs, evergreen, 0.3–3.5 m. Stems erect, ascending, arcuate, or
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381, 395, 397, 398, 400, 401. Plants not cespitose. Culms acutely angled, 10–90 cm, glabrous. Leaves: basal sheaths redbrown; sheath apex U-shaped; blades
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pubescent, margins entire. Leaves monomorphic, crowded, narrowed toward tip, to 90 cm. Petiole dark-brown to black, round in cross-section except for narrow
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Flora of North America Association Plants annual or biennial (perennial), 30–90 cm, glabrous. Stems erect, usually branched. Leaves (cauline shorter distally);
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glabrous (except at apex). Seeds reddish-brown, ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 cm. 2n = 60, 90. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jun; fruiting Aug–Dec. Habitat: Forests, seasonally
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stipitate-glandular, especially on angles. Leaves: blade narrowly lanceolate, 40–90 × 5–15 mm, smaller distally, base narrowed, apex acute, abaxial surface glandular-pubescent
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sterile and bisexual. Hydrangea 3 Flowers all bisexual. > 4 4 Stamens (11–)13–90 or 150–200. > 5 5 Sepals 4; petals 4 (or 8+ in some horticultural forms);
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pistillate, fertile; corollas white or pinkish to purplish. Disc-florets 12–40 (–90), bisexual, fertile; corollas pinkish to purplish or whitish (glabrous or
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 126. Mentioned on page 127. Plants (20–) 40–90 (–100) cm; caudices woody. Stems 1–4, erect, straight, glabrous or moderately
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ascending to spreading, older deflexed; blades filiform (sulcate to concave), 25–90 × 0.5–3 mm, midnerves obscure to evident, apices acuminate to attenuate, often
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America Association Plants terrestrial or semiaquatic, erect to decumbent, 10–90 cm. Leaves scattered along stem and gradually reduced to sheathing bracts;
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Philadelphia 7: 77. 1834 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 88, 89. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North
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strongly spreading at maturity; lemmas 4-8.5 mm, glabrous, awned, awns 11-90 mm, straight to ascending; paleas 5.5-8 mm; anthers 0.6-1.2 mm. Lateral spikelets
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distally, 0.2–0.8 (–1.1) mm diam., tip straight to recurved, distal 5–60 (–90) % hairy, hairs to 3 mm, sometimes glabrous; style glabrous. Capsules glabrous
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to ovoid-oblong or obovate, dehiscence basipetally septicidal. Seeds ca. 50–90, linear or narrowly ovoid, ± prolonged to form apiculate tip or elongate appendage
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Flora of North America Association Annuals, rarely perennials, (5–) 10–60 (–90+) cm. Stems branched; hairs stalked, glandular throughout. Leaves: petiole
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gracilis (Piper) C. L. Hitchcock Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Stems erect, to 90 cm, glabrous or puberulent. Leaves: petiole to 11 mm; blade linear to narrowly
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widely spreading to 90°, stiff Luzula divaricata 2 Apex of tepals acute, not reflexed; inflorescence branches spreading less than 90°, lax. > 3 3 Tepals
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prominently tuberculate with tall, shelflike tubercles; bracts of involucres connate 90-100% Mirabilis texensis 17 Fruits sparsely to densely pubescent, hairs 0.1-0
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ascending; pedicel 1–15 mm, usually shorter than bracts. 2n = 18, 36, 54, 72, 90. Phenology: Flowering mostly spring (Feb–Apr; as early as Dec in the south
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rhizomes horizontal. Pitchers persistent, erect, monomorphic, twisted through 90–270°, yellowish green, often suffused with red, distally enlarging into globose
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ovary 2 (–4) -locular; style often persistent in developing fruit; ovules 2–90. Fruits berries, red, purple, purple-black, yellow, or reddish, globose, ellipsoid
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Treatment on page 678. Mentioned on page 670, 671. Stems erect or ascending, 20–90 cm, puberulent and glandular-puberulent or scabrous, often glabrate. Leaves
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flagellacea, Campylopodiella stenocarpa Cardot Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 8: 90. 1908 ,. Jan-Peter Frahm Etymology: Genus Campylopus and Latin -ella, diminutive
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varietyCastilleja ambigua var. insalutata (Jepson) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 67. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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narrowly lanceolate (often chartaceous, scabrellous, often glandular). Florets 40–90; corollas pale yellow-green or cream, often purple-tinged, 6–8 mm. Cypselae
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with scattered hairs. Pedicels ascending, 10–35 mm in flower, recurved, to 90 mm in fruit. Flowers: sepals equal, lobes 1.5–3 × 0.5–1 mm, apex acute; corolla-tube
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or narrowly lanceolate to linear (and then subsessile), proximal blades 10–90 × 1–30 mm, proportionately wider than distal blades (except for linear-leaved
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to prominently 2-ridged abaxially, rarely rounded; staminodes: distal 5–60(–90)% hairy, hairs to 3 mm, sometimes glabrous, included or reaching orifice,
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conspicuous, pouches 3, ± prominent, divergent, saccate, 2–7 × 3–7 mm, (33–) 60–75 (–90) % as long as beak; teeth erect, sometimes spreading, white, pink, purple
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pairs; petals white, fading rose-purple to pink, obovate or obcordate; pollen 90–100% fertile; stigma deeply divided into 4 linear lobes. Capsules thick-walled
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6, 12, 18, 394, 402, 403, 462. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs, 10–60 (–90) cm; usually taprooted, sometimes rhizomatous. Stems erect to ascending or
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Leaves evergreen, bright green, pale toward base, spirally arranged, to 60 (–90) cm, pliant, gradually tapering to tip. Velum covering less than 1/4 of sporangium
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muscitoxicus (Walter) Regel Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 87. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North
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of North America Association Leaves: petiole 20–150 cm; blade (5–) 10–60 (–90) cm wide. Inflorescences scapose, 30–150 cm, sparsely stipitate-glandular
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scales threadlike, linear, scattered, inconspicuous. Blade lanceolate, 25–90 × 6.5–18 cm; base narrowly cuneate; apex acute. Segments lanceolate, 4–8 mm
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basiscopic lobes of basal pinnae pinnatifid, often deeply so. 2n = 60, ca. 90, 120. Habitat: Chaparral, pine and oak woodlands Elevation: 50–1800 m Generated
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epaleate. Ray-florets 9–36, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 25–90, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, ampliate, tubes ± equaling distally dilated
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(25–) 30–47 (–55) mm; filaments 17–25 mm, anthers 8–23 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 50–90 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. Capsules erect
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Treatment on page 243. Plants perennial; loosely to densely cespitose. Culms to 90 cm, erect to geniculate, not bulbous; nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous or
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Plants perennial; rhizomatous, rhizomes, short, sometimes knotty. Culms 30-90 cm; nodes glabrous, strigose, or with appressed hairs. Sheaths with papillose-based
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20. Treatment on page 611. Mentioned on page 540, 542. Perennials, 10–60 (–90) [–150+] cm (rhizomes sericeous at nodes [glabrous or glabrate]). Stems usually
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(oblong-linear in 96. C. biltmoreana), membranous (to nearly herbaceous in 90. C. intricata), margins stipitate-glandular, rarely shortly so. Flowers (12–)
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often largest at mid-stem or above, reduced in size distally; petiole 3–20 (–90) mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, ovate to orbicular, orbicular-ovate
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20. Treatment on page 529. Mentioned on page 478, 501, 530. Perennials, 10–90 cm, colonial; long-rhizomatous. Stems 1, erect (straight, often reddish),
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Calyces colored as bracts, 5–20 mm; abaxial and adaxial clefts 4.7–15 mm, 33–90% of calyx length, slightly deeper than laterals or all 4 clefts subequal,
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distal cauline sessile, blades lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, (15–) 40–75 (–90) × (6–) 12–22 (–32) mm, largest at midstem, somewhat reduced to much reduced
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outer of linear to subulate, short (5–15 % length inner) scales, 3 inner of 60–90 white to tan, barbellate bristles, outer apically attenuate, innermost clavate
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522. Plants 1–6 cm. Leaves: basal 3–5, blade lanceolate or spatulate, 20–90 x 5–30 mm, undivided or 1-pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent
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somewhat to strongly clathrate, margins somewhat lighter, entire. Leaves to 90 cm. Petiole slender to stout, to 7 mm diam. Blade broadly ovate, 1-pinnate
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venation pinnate. Sporophores 1–2-pinnate, 2–3 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves green over winter, sporophores seasonal, new leaves appearing
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ellipsoid [reniform]. Fruits capsules, elliptic, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 90–120, brown, ovoid, wings absent. x = 14 or 15. Introduced; Mexico, West Indies
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America Association Leaves 3–5, 30–50 cm; blade keeled, glaucous. Scape 30–90 cm, smooth. Inflorescences umbellate, open, 6–20-flowered; bracts reddish
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unkeeled, glaucous. Scape self-supporting, with occasional bends, 20 (rarely –90) cm, scabrous. Inflorescences umbellate, dense, 6–15-flowered; bracts streaked
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1992. David J. Keil Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 89. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America
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Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 35–90 cm, scabrous on angles. Leaves: proximal sheaths redbrown, fronts with (red)
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cm. Capsules oblong-ovoid. 2n = 18, 20, 27, 28, 35, 36, 42, 44, 45, 54, 72, 90, 108. Phenology: Flowering spring. Habitat: Roadsides, open forests, waste
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serrulate; apex gradually tapered, short-acuminate or apiculate; costa to 50–90% leaf length, narrow, terminal spine absent; alar cells subquadrate to short-rectangular
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South Africa 1: 153. 1909 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 89. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North
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Association Plants 0.3-3 dm, pilose or hirsute, sometimes glabrate. Leaves 10-90 × 1.7-8.1 mm; blade broadly linear; margins entire; apex rounded to long-acute
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instititum Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Mentioned on page 90. Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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not stoloniferous; caudex erect, scaly. Flowering-stems erect, leafy, 40–90 cm, densely stipitate-glandular. Leaves in basal rosette and cauline; cauline
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midribs absent. Sporophores 1–2-pinnate, 0.8–2 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing in spring, dying in latter half of summer. Habitat:
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venation pinnate. Sporophores 2–3-pinnate, 1.2 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves green over winter, appearing in spring. Habitat: Widespread
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Association Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. Culms terete, 40–60 (–90) cm, glabrous. Leaves flat, 35–70 cm × 4–9 (–12) mm. Inflorescences: heads
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prairies, toward s and e usually over carbonate (limestone, chalk) Elevation: 90–1500(–2200) m Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Ark., Colo., Kans., La., Miss
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chlorophyllose or aborted, the former spheric to ovoid, relatively large, (50–) 90–100 (–120) µm, papillose or reticulate-papillose. nw North America in arctic
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McQueen†, Richard E. Andrus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 87. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants forming open clumps 60–90 × 45 cm; rhizomes not stoloniferous. Leaves: petiole erect, spreading, light
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Inflorescences compact thyrses, terminal from terminal bud in basal rosette, 27–90-flowered, bracteate. Flowers: hypanthium adnate to ovary in proximal 1/2,
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sulcate, hooked bristles in 3–4 circumferential rows, proximal row spreading 45–90°, glistening with sessile-glandular hairs (often yellow). Phenology: Flowering
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Herbs, perennial, cespitose, (10–) 15–70 (–90) cm, base not bulbous. Stems compact. Leaves in narrow to broad fans, 5–50
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alternate; blades elliptic, lance-linear, lanceovate, linear, or ovate, 10–90 × 2–28 mm, margins ciliate to 1/4 their lengths, hairs mostly less than 0
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Treatment on page 674. Mentioned on page 670. Stems erect or ascending, 10–90 (–120) cm, densely puberulent and glandular-puberulent, and pilose. Leaves
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entire, papillate; stomates on both surfaces, numerous on adaxial surface, 30–90 per 1/2 leaf. Gemmiferous branchlets produced in 1 pseudowhorl at end of annual
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pinnate. Sporophores 2–3-pinnate, 1.5–2.5 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves green over winter, new leaves appearing in late spring
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 10–60 (–90) cm. Stems glaucous. Leaves: petiole 4–15 (–30) cm; leaflets 3 proximally
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(all other botrychiums have a single stalk or 1 dominant and 2 smaller). 2n =90. Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., N.B., N.S., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.)
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cauline: blade linear, 3–30 (–80) mm; cauline: blade ± ovate or obovate, 15–90 mm, base sessile, margins pinnatifid, rarely bipinnatifid, lateral lobes 3–9
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FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 501. Mentioned on page 491. Perennials, 20–90 cm. Stems branched, coarsely scabrous. Leaves alternate to subopposite; petioles
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speciesWhipplea modesta Torrey in War Department [U.S.] Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 90, plate 7. 1857. Ronald L. McGregor† IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in
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spikelets: glumes 35-85 mm, strongly spreading at maturity; lemmas awned, awns 35-90 mm. Hordeum jubatum subsp. jubatum is the more widespread of the two subspecies
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5–10 (–12) cm, base cordate, lobes ovate-oblong or ovate-elliptic, sinuses 50–90% to base, margins coarsely and widely dentate to crenate-dentate, leaf lobes
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1754. Lauren Raz Common names: Yam ñame Etymology: for Dioscorides, ca. 40–90, Greek physician, author of De Materia Medica Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Treatment on page 314. Mentioned on page 260, 261, 316. Perennials, 20–70 (–90) cm; taprooted, woody. Stems basally decumbent, abruptly erect, usually glabrous
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small and medium-sized clumps; rhizomes short. Culms erect, not stiff, 15–90 cm. Leaves: sheaths pale-brown abaxially, inner band thin, hyaline, sometimes
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extensive, of 8 (–15) × 8 (–13) cells; laminal cells linear or elongate, 30–90 × 6–9 µm; basal-cells 20–50 × 9–15 µm, region in 2 or 3 rows. Branch leaves
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varietyCastilleja densiflora var. obispoënsis (D. D. Keck) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 69. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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7–10 µm wide. Branch leaves 0.2–1.3 (–1.9) × 0.2–0.5 (–1) mm; costa to 60–90% leaf length; laminal cells just before apex short, nearly isodiametric or
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Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Tuberlike bases 25–55 (–90) mm diam., surface coarsely tessellate. Stems dark redbrown or purple, sometimes
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Plants densely or loosely cespitose; rhizomes short, thick or thin. Culms to 90 cm. Inflorescences with 3–7 spikes; peduncles of proximal spikes exserted
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varietyCastilleja ambigua var. humboldtiensis (D. D. Keck) J. M. Egger Phytologia 90: 67. 2008. J. Mark Egger, Peter F. Zika, Barbara L. Wilson, Richard E. Brainerd
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of North America Association Plants not cespitose. Culms acutely angled, 15–90 cm, scabrous. Leaves: basal sheaths redbrown; sheaths of proximal leaves with
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems simple or branched, 30–90 (–110) cm; branches spreading-ascending, quadrangular, with siliceous ridges
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style-branches 0–1.2 mm, papillate or hairy. Pappi (pistillate) to 15 mm. 2n = ca. 60, 90. Phenology: Flowering early spring. Habitat: Arctic tundra, moist alpine-subalpine
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abaxial sides usually broadly 2-faced, angles between those faces usually 90+°, adaxial sides nearly flat), apices beaked, beaks off-center, faces rugose
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usually straight, rarely curved, (1–) 3–9 cm; proximal segment (15–) 20–75 (–90) -seeded, (8–) 25–75 × 1.5–3 mm, apex obtuse; terminal segment (0 or) 1–5-seeded
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Little-flower alum-root Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 84, 85, 88, 94, 104. Herbs acaulescent; caudex branched
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Stems often profusely branched distally, 11–90 cm × 0.1–2 mm; internodes 0.1–9 cm, without prickles. Leaves spreading with
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems simple or branched, 25–90 cm; branches laxly and widely spreading, subterete proximally, quadrangular-ridged
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Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 3–50 (–90) cm × 0.2–2 mm. Leaves: apex of distal leaf-sheath obtuse to acute, tooth
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Hylotelephium telephioides, Hylotelephium telephium H. Ohba Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 90: 46, figs. 1–3. 1977 ,. Reid V. Moran Common names: Orpine stonecrop Etymology:
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page 14, 487, 547, 548. Annuals (biennials) [perennials, subshrubs], mostly 5–90 cm (often aromatic). Stems 1–5+, erect to decumbent, usually branched, strigillose
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margins dentate to subentire (distal leaves smaller, bractlike). Heads 30–90+ in corymbiform to subpaniculiform arrays. Calyculi of 2–6 linear to filiform
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apices ± acute > 90 89 Fruits compressed or not, subglobose to ovoid (rarely obdeltate), apices rounded, truncate, or obtuse > 92 90 Sepals 5-8.5 mm, median
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 91. Mentioned on page 65, 90. Ray corollas yellow. cypselae (all) glabrous. 2n = 22. Phenology: Flowering
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 91. Mentioned on page 90. Ray corollas light purple, pink, or white. Cypselae (rays) ± hairy (at least
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recurved, rarely concealing sporangia. Sporangia containing 32 spores. n = 2n = 90, apogamous. Phenology: Sporulating summer–fall. Habitat: Rocky slopes and
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F. P. von Martius et al. in C. F. P. von Martius et al., Fl. Brasil. 2(1): 90. 1842. Jeremy J. Bruhl Etymology: Greek oxys, sharp, and carya, nut Treatment
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Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lambert) Britton Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Trees to 90 (–100) m; trunk to 4.4m diam.; crown narrow to broadly conic, flattened in
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (5–) 30–90 cm. Leaf-blades pale green, (1–) 1.5–3 × 5–9 (–10) cm. Flowers: perianth segments
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Trees to 90 m; trunk to 11 m diam.; crown conic and monopodial when young, narrowed and
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Freeman IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 81. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America
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clavate to obovate, length greater than width, apex sometimes acute. 2n = ca. 90–96. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jul. Habitat: Relatively damp places on slopes
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 5–90 cm. Leaves: blade 5–50 × 0.2–3 cm. Flowers: pedicels 0.8–3 cm, glandular-puberulent
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Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association Shrubs or trees, 10–90 dm. Leaves: petiole 3–10 mm; blade ovate to suborbiculate, 1.6–6 × 1.2–4 cm
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Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Annuals, 18–70 (–90) cm (delicate or robust, mostly glabrous). Stems usually erect (tufted-pubescent
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obcompressed (± 3-angled, abaxial sides ± 2-faced, angles between those faces 90+°, adaxial sides ± flat, overall smooth or rough-wrinkled, glabrous or hairy);
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midrib. Sporophores mainly 1-pinnate, 1–8 times length of trophophores. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing midspring to early fall. Habitat: Dry fields
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(petiole bases sheathing), sparsely ciliate, blades ovate to oblanceolate, 10–90 × 6–14 mm, bases attenuate to cuneate, rounded, margins entire or serrulate
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Mentioned on page 310, 311. Perennials (sometimes flowering first-year), (20–) 90–200 cm. Stems 1 (from rhizomes) or 2–3+ (from caudices), usually erect (sometimes
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not, glabrous, puberulent, or retrorsely hairy; basal and proximal cauline 9–90 (–115) × 2–19 mm, blade spatulate to oblanceolate, lanceolate, or elliptic
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with slender, spreading rootstock. Stems erect, unbranched or branched, 20–90 cm, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 0–1 mm; blade linear to linear-oblanceolate
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at base, 15–90 cm. Leaves: sheaths glabrous; blades green, widest blades 3.3–5.3 (–8) mm wide, smooth abaxially. Inflorescences 0.33–0.90 of culm height;
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sectionPapaver sect. Californicum Show Lower Taxa Papaver californicum Kadereit Rhodora 90: 11. 1988. Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Treatment on page 325. Plants
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with thick woody walls, irregularly and tardily dehiscent, pedicel 7–60 (–90) mm. Seeds embedded in elongated piece of endocarp, 1–1.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm. 2n
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wide, usually spikelike, partially included in the uppermost sheath, with 15-90 spikelets per cm2 (exposed portion, when pressed); lower nodes with 1-2 (3)
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stem apex; areolar glands absent; cortex and pith not mucilaginous. Spines 20–90 per areole, in 1–5 series, appressed on sides of stems, erect at sexually
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narrowly elliptic, elliptic, oblanceolate, obovate, or broadly obovate, (13–) 20–90 (–135) × 3–23 (–35) mm, 2.3–9 times as long as wide, base cuneate or convex
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14 13 Lobes of midcauline leaves less than 6 mm wide; stems less than 60(-90) cm. > 15 14 Leaf margins crenate. Delphinium bakeri 14 Leaf margins ±incised
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included in the uppermost sheath; primary branches 1.5-13 cm, spreading 30-90° from the rachis; secondary branches spreading, without spikelets on the lower
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becoming somewhat shorter distally, proximal cells rectangular, 3–8: 1, 45–90 × 9–18 µm, cells in alar region short-rectangular to quadrate, 1–2: 1, in
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Flora of North America Association Culms in medium to large-sized clumps, 30–90 cm. Leaves cauline, usually overtopping culms; blades 10–40 (–50) cm × 4–9
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unlobed; styles 15–24 mm. Capsules clavate, 25–40 × 4–5 mm, axillary curved to 90° at maturity, usually inconspicuously longitudinally ribbed. Seeds 30–40,
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Whipplea modesta Torrey in War Department [U.S.] Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5): 90, plate 7. 1857. Ronald L. McGregor† Common names: Modesty yerba de silva Endemic
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Sporophores 1-pinnate, 0.2–3 cm, 0.2–3.5 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing in late spring to fall. Habitat: Extremely sporadic
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walls moderately thin, region undifferentiated or small; laminal cells 35–65 (–90) × 3–5 µm; basal juxtacostal cells elongate, 10–25 × 5–8 µm. Seta 1–2 cm,
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stamens diverging, in 2 slightly subequal sets with anthers overlapping ca. 90 percent; filaments filiform, 1–1.7 cm; anthers 3–6 mm; style 1.8–2.7 cm, longer
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FNA Volume 22. Herbs, erect or ascending, rarely rooting at nodes. Stems 5–90 cm; internodes glaucous, glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged, sessile; blade
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Association Plants cespitose; rhizomes short. Culms central, trigonous, 30–90 cm, smooth. Leaves: basal sheaths reddish purple-tinged; ligules 6–17 mm;
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Brittonia 8: 247. 1957 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 81. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 30–90 cm. Stems sparsely pubescent proximally, nearly glabrous distally. Leaves:
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opposite; petiolate (petioles 10–25 mm); blades ± 3-nerved, lanceolate, 20–90+ × 5–40 mm, bases rounded to slightly oblique, margins entire or serrate,
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Ray-florets 13–21, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 45–90+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than campanulate throats
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or nearly flat] (± elongating with age), pitted, epaleate. Ray-florets 35–90 (in [1–] 3–4 series), pistillate, fertile; corollas abaxially often pink or
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segments several times their width apart, ca. 1–2.5 mm wide. Pinnules at nearly 90° angle to costa; fertile ultimate segments only decurrent, or more decurrent
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Ray-florets 5–13, pistillate, fertile; corollas golden yellow. Disc-florets 30–90, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, sometimes suffused with purple, tubes
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of North America Association Leaves monomorphic, green through winter, 32–90 × 10–20 cm. Petiole 1/3 length of leaf, scaly at least at base; scales scattered
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Herbs, biennial or perennial. Stems: basal produced; flowering erect, (15–) 30–90 cm, densely spreading-villous. Leaves of flowering-stems opposite or whorled;
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petiole 3–30 cm; blade 3.5–10 cm, ultimate margins ciliate. Inflorescences 40–90 cm, densely stipitate-glandular or glandular-hispid; bracts subtending pedicels
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sectionJuniperus sect. Sabina speciesJuniperus ashei J. Buchholz Bot. Gaz. 90: 329. 1930. Robert P. Adams Common names: Ashe juniper mountain-cedar Illustrated
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midrib absent. Sporophores 1–2-pinnate, 1.5–4 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing in late spring and early summer. Habitat: Sporadic
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midrib absent. Sporophores 1–2-pinnate, 1.3–3 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing in mid to late spring, dying in late summer;
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Basal leaf-blades linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, (30–) 40–90 (–120) × (1–) 2–4 (–6) mm, apices acute. Cypselae strigose only distally.
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Trophophore blades green, shiny, to 45 × 30 cm, proximal margins diverging 90°–150° from stalk, with up to 7 rounded to mostly linear, acute lobes; venation
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dense vegetation, emergent; blade 1.2–6 × 1.3–6.3 cm; primary-veins forming 75–90° angle with midvein, broadly curving, aerenchyma confined to midvein region
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as the fruits dehisce Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 76, 77, 9. Subshrubs [herbs, shrubs], perennial or rarely
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white-strigose, eglandular. Leaves mostly basal (persistent); blades linear, 20–70 (–90) × 1–2 (–3) mm, cauline reduced (on proximal 1/8–1/2 of stems, bases white-indurate
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Spikelets divaricate, forming 75–90° angle with rachis, (10–) 15–20 × (1.2–) 1.5–2 mm; floral scales ovatelanceolate
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blade solid, flat, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, (15–) 20–30 (–40) cm × 15–90 mm, tapering to long, slender petiole, margins entire. Scape persistent, solitary
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pinnate. Sporophores 2–3-pinnate, 1.5–2.5 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves green over winter, sporophores seasonal, new leaves appearing
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sepals 3–6, valvate, distinct; petals 0; nectary absent; stamens [5–] 25–35 [–90], distinct, borne on elongated [flat, dome-shaped] receptacle, thus appearing
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gravelly (sometimes sandy) desert slopes and flats, shrublands Elevation: -90–1900 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., Calif., Nev., N.Mex., Utah, Mexico
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1836 (as erythraeae) Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 89. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora
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conic, shaggy-papillate). Cypselae narrowly obconic; pappi persistent, of 70–90 unequal bristles in 2–3 series. x = 19. sw United States, Mexico Species 3
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appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 89. Mentioned on page 55, 56, 82, 90. Herbs, perennial, from bulbs; bulbs tunicate, ovoid-oblong, ca. 5 × 2.5 cm;
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants (50–) 90–150 cm. Leaves: petiole 3.5–4.5 (–8) cm, glandular-pubescent; leaflet blade
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4-locular, 1.3–2.5 mm diam. Seeds 2–5 per locule, oblong to ellipsoid, curved 90–180°, 0.6–1 × 0.2 mm; pits elliptic, length 1–3 times width, in 6–10 rows
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FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 315. Mentioned on page 310. Biennials, 30–90 cm. Leaves: basal 2-pinnate, 6–15 cm, lobes 3–15 (–20+) × 1–6 mm; cauline
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midrib absent. Sporophores 1-pinnate, 1.5–4.5 times length of sporophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing in late spring to late summer. Habitat: Dark
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minute. Pinnae 0–1 pair, ovate to deltate, sometimes narrowly so, 5–20 (–90) × 0.4–1 (–1.2) mm; base truncate to acute; margins crenate to serrate; apex
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Treatment on page 169. Mentioned on page 168. Spikelets divaricate, forming 75–90° angle with rachis, 10–40 × 2.4–3 mm; floral scales ovate, widest at midlength
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FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 627. Mentioned on page 543. Perennials, 15–90 cm (rhizomes fibrous-rooted; plants glabrous or sparsely to densely tomentose)
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Seeds pale-yellow, fusiform, body 0.6–0.7 mm, tails 0.8–1.1 mm. 2n = 60, 90, 120. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting late spring–summer. Habitat: Tundra
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page 427. Mentioned on page 59, 387. Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 20–90+ cm; taprooted (rhizomatous, not stoloniferous). Stems usually 1, erect (rarely
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obovoid gemmae occurring in masses in distal leaf-axils, of several cells, 70–90 µm. Habitat: Soil, clay, limestone, cement, walls Elevation: low to moderate
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globose (often loosely flowered); peduncles straight, divergent by as much as 90°, to 9 cm; proximal inflorescence bract leaflike, not longer than inflorescence;
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outermost greenish; stamens 100-200, 8-14 mm; filaments white; pistils 50-90. Follicetums ellipsoid, 5.5-10 × 2.5-5 cm, glabrous; follicles recurved, long-beaked
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margins serrulate to base, serrate to serrulate distally; laminal cells 45–90 (–125) × 5–7 µm. Branch leaves ± falcate or occasionally straight. Seta rough
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season, cauline conspicuous, reduced distally); petiole flattened, (5–) 10–60 (–90) mm; blade round to reniform, 3–7 (–9) -lobed usually less than halfway to
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midcauline leaf lobes less than 3 times longer than wide. Inflorescences (16-) 40-90 (-162) -flowered; pedicel 0.5-2.5 (-6.5) cm, puberulent; bracteoles 2-5 mm
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J. Warnock Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems (10-) 20-50 (-90) cm; base reddish, glabrous to puberulent. Leaves mostly on proximal 1/3 of
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hairs spreading, thick-based); blades linear to linear-oblanceolate, 40–70 (–90) × 1–3 mm, cauline reduced to bracts (bases relatively thin, not sheathing)
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erect, 5–35 cm. Leaves: blades oblong-obovate to elliptic or lanceolate, 20–90 × 6–40 mm, distal blades narrower. Inflorescences: bracts lanceolate, to 15
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Phenology: Flowering Jul–Aug. Habitat: chiefly in maize fields. Elevation: 20–90 m. Generated Map Legacy Map Introduced; N.C., S.C., Africa Striga asiatica
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231, 237, 239. Herbs or subshrubs. Stems decumbent to ascending or erect, 15–90 cm, retrorsely hairy, hairs pointed, not glaucous. Leaves cauline, opposite
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beardtongue Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 86, 87. Subshrubs, cespitose. Stems ascending to erect
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Mentioned on page 288, 295. Plants without conspicuous rhizomes. Culms 20–90 cm, 1.7–2.2 mm wide basally, 0.7–1.1 mm wide distally. Leaves: sheaths tight
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perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. Culms trigonous to terete, (25–) 40–60 (–90) cm, glabrous. Leaves flat or V-shaped, (10–) 25–50 cm × 5–8 (–12) mm. Inflorescences:
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page 547. Mentioned on page 14, 487. Perennials [annuals, biennials], [5–] 30–90 cm (rhizomatous and/or stoloniferous; not notably aromatic). Stems 1–5+, ascending
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on page 685. Plants annual or perennial; sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 1.5-90 cm, erect. Cauline leaves 1-3; sheaths open to the base; auricles absent;
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Treatment on page 693. Plants perennial; cespitose, sometimes rhizomatous. Culms 5-90 cm, erect or decumbent at the base. Leaves basally concentrated; sheaths open
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McQueen†, Richard E. Andrus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 87. Illustrator: Patricia M. Eckel Copyright: Flora of
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very large, compact or open communities, or occasionally solitary. Leaves 20–90 (–125) × 0.7–2 cm wide at base in narrow forms, 2–2.5 cm in broader forms
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20–35 (–47) mm, nearly as thick as central spines; central hooked spine 50–90 (–130) × 0.5–1 (–1.7) mm; others, if present, straight and poorly differentiated
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 113. Mentioned on page 90, 94, 114. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America
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villous to glabrescent; lobes 3 (-5), deltate, 0.7-4 cm wide; middle lobe 70-90% of total blade length. Inflorescences 1-flowered, villous to pilose; involucral-bracts
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short-strigose, glandular-hairy; blade oblong-lanceolate or linear, (10–) 14–90 [–95] x 2–20 mm, margins green, apex acute. Spikelike racemes 1–14 cm; flowers
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appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 55. Mentioned on page 52. Plants 20–90 cm. Stems green to reddish-brown when young, branched, glabrous or sparsely
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sulcate, hooked bristles in 3 circumferential rows, proximal row spreading 45–90°, glandular-hairy (hairs short-stipitate), grooves strigose, ridges rarely
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sulcate, hooked bristles in 3–4 circumferential rows, proximal row spreading ± 90° to ± reflexed, usually glistening with sessile-glandular hairs, ridges sometimes
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villous to tomentose. Peduncles not notably elongating after flowering, 5–60 (–90) cm in fruit, glabrous or glabrate, or apically puberulent to lanate, sometimes
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cespitose, in small clumps; rhizomes short. Culms erect to arching, slender, 15–90 cm. Leaves: sheaths relatively tight, pale to mid brown abaxially, inner band
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blades, 1-nerved or 3-nerved, linear to narrowly oblanceolate or spatulate, 17–90 × 1–7 (–12) mm, rigid, attenuate, margins sometimes ciliate (often minutely)
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FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 330. Mentioned on page 328, 329. Culms 10–90 (–135) cm. Leaves 3–6 per culm; sheaths tight, inner band hyaline, 1.8–2.5
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hemispheric to campanulate, turbinate, or cylindric, (6–14 ×) 3–10 mm. Phyllaries 30–90+ in 3–9 series, 1-nerved (flat), narrowly lanceolate to linear, unequal, cartilaginous
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Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 50–90 cm. Roots 7–12, tuberous, fasciculate, large, 12 × 1 cm, fleshy. Stems with
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proximally, serrate distally; apex tapered to lanceolate acumen; costa to 70–90% leaf length, sometimes subpercurrent, broad throughout, terminal spine present
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flower tube bearing long hairlike spines. Fruits pink to whitish, ovoid, 50–90 × 45–70 mm, covered with numerous hairlike spines. 2n = 22. Phenology: Flowering
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hooked bristles in 2–3 circumferential rows, proximal row spreading to ± 90°, usually glistening with sessile-glandular hairs. Phenology: Flowering Jul–mid
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hooked (bent ± like a crozier through ± 180+ degrees), patent (bent at ± 90 degrees), or ± recurved or arcuate (sometimes incurved) to straight. An outer
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Plants annual. Culms (0.5) 1-3 (6) m tall, (0.5) 1-5 cm thick. Blades mostly 30-90 cm long, 2.5-12 cm wide. Pistillate inflorescences rames or spikes, usually
8 KB (1,025 words) - 04:30, 30 July 2020
obtuse or acute; cauline 2–6 pairs, sessile or proximals short-petiolate, 18–90 × 3–20 (–25) mm, blade oblanceolate to oblong, lanceolate, or linear, base
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cespitose, usually with rhizomes shorter than 5 cm, 1-1.5 mm thick. Culms (10) 35-90 (120) cm, usually unbranched, smooth to slightly scabrous; nodes 1-3 (4).
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purple throughout, sometimes stipitate, ovate-elongate to barrel-shaped, 35–90 × 20–40 mm, juicy (bleeding and staining), glabrous, spineless; areoles 20–32
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appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 86. Mentioned on page 25, 62, 85, 90, 92, 107, 112, 113, 114. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North
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reduced, glabrous, sometimes scabrous; basal and proximal cauline (25–) 40–90 × 2–18 mm, blade spatulate to oblanceolate or linear, base tapered, apex rounded
10 KB (737 words) - 19:07, 29 July 2020
in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 78. Mentioned on page 19. Perennials, 5–90 (–100) cm (in ± extensive, open clones or in dense clusters); long-rhizomatous
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appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 84. Mentioned on page 85, 88, 90, 642. Plants large, sordid yellow-green, rarely bright green, pale buff to
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(–21) mm; hypanthial tubes (5–) 7–13 (–17) mm; pedicel/tube ratio (15–) 35–90 (–126) %; fruit awns 5–8.5 (–12.5) cm, proximal setae 2.7–5 mm. Generated
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serrate, surfaces glabrous; cauline 0–5, blade lanceolate to elliptic, 20–90 x 2–20 mm, 1-pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid, margins of adjacent lobes nonoverlapping
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dark-brown to black, turning gray, pink-gray to gray-brown, longest (35–) 40–90 (–185) mm; if ± 2 kinds: major spines (0–) 1–5, reflexed to porrect, yellowbrown
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to scarlet [carmine to purple], pyriform or ellipsoid [to ovoid], [30–] 40–90 × 25–50 mm, fleshy, low tuberculate, scaleless, spiny; pulp reddish, in some
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obtuse to acute; cauline 3–20 pairs, sessile or proximals short-petiolate, 10–90 × 2–20 mm, blade elliptic to ovate, lanceolate, or linear, base tapered to
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Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Herbs, perennial, cespitose, 20–90 (–100) cm. Stems compact. Leaves in narrow fans, 10–60 cm; sheaths smooth
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from blade base, demarcating considerably more than 90° of arc when leaf laid flat; sepal spurs at near 90° angle to inflorescence axis. > 2 2 Cauline leaf
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but flattened abaxially, canaliculate adaxially, (90–) 100–120 (–135) µm wide in the base, (60–) 70–90 (–100) µm wide near the apex, 3-stratose with 6–9
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such structures, regardless of the unfavorable season. Genera 3, species ca. 90 (2 genera, 37 species in the flora). Hagström, J. O. 1916. Critical researches
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on page 377, 392. Perennials, rhizomatous. Stems erect, usually simple, 25–90 cm, stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous. Leaves cauline; petiole 0 mm;
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page 163. Mentioned on page 156, 160, 172. Stems decumbent to erect, 5–70 (–90) cm, glabrous or sparsely to densely puberulent, not glaucous. Leaves basal
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discussed under the individual genera. Genera ca. 40, species ca. 1000 (13 genera, 90 species in the flora). Lellinger, D. B. 1985. A Field Manual of the Ferns
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1 Pitchers twisted through 90-270°, orifice facing ground; bracts usually 9, alternate along scape; stamens
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Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants (15–) 25–75 (–90) cm; caudices woody, rhizomes short. Stems 1–5+, flexuous, sparsely to moderately
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2. Stem scales brown, ovate to lanceolate with attenuate apices. Leaves to 90 cm. Pinnae dark green and not shiny adaxially, (8–) 10–25 pairs, lanceolate-attenuate
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parviflora var. rugelii Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 90. Leaves: petiole sparsely to densely long-stipitate-glandular; blade surfaces
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Gard. 16: 103. 1905 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 90. Leaves: petiole densely short-stipitate-glandular; blade surfaces densely
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speciesGlebionis segetum (Linnaeus) Fourreau Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n. s. 17: 90. 1869. John L. Strother Common names: Corn marigold IntroducedIllustrated
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in chaparral, oak forests, conifer forests, and sagebrush scrub Elevation: 90–1500 m Generated Map Legacy Map B.C., Calif., Idaho, Oreg., Wash. None. None
4 KB (493 words) - 21:27, 29 July 2020
Treatment on page 12. Shrubs or trees, 1–5 m. Leaves mostly well spaced, 20–90 mm. Pedicels mostly long. Flowers: sepals 8–12 mm; petals 12–18 mm. Follicles
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percurrent or excurrent; medial laminal cells elongate or short-elongate, (50–) 60–90 (–110) µm, in diagonal rows, not or weakly collenchymatous; marginal cells
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Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Annuals or perennials, 20–90 cm (dwarf varieties mostly less than 30 cm); taprooted. Stems scabrellous
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leaflets green adaxially, to 10-48 mm, somewhat viscid; primary petiolules 21-90 mm (leaflets not crowded), glandular-pubescent. Flowers nodding; sepals perpendicular
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cotyledon varietyLewisia cotyledon var. heckneri (C. V. Morton) Munz Aliso 4: 90. 1958. Mark A. Hershkovitz, Sean B. Hogan Endemic Basionym: Oreobroma heckneri C
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Marjorie C. Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association Leaf-blades 40–90 × 2–6 mm. Peduncles 30–50 mm. Ray laminae linear-elliptic, 10–15 × 3–6 mm
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Leaves generally not crowded; proximal cauline petiolate, blades oblanceolate, (90–) 220–400 (–600) × (2–) 4–8 (–13) mm, bases cuneate, margins flat, usually
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bracts 1. Anemone richardsonii 6 Leaf lobes acute or acuminate, middle lobe 70-90% of total blade length; involucral bracts ±acute. Anemone acutiloba 6 Leaf
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familyAndreaeaceae genusAndreaea speciesAndreaea megistospora B. M. Murray Bryologist 90: 18, figs. 9–23, 25–28. 1987,. Richard H. Zander Synonyms: Andreaea megistospora
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églantier IntroducedWeedy Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 91. Shrubs, erect; not rhizomatous. Stems 10–30 dm; distal
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vertical partition), ± thick-walled and brownish, smooth; sheath cells 60–90 × 10–13 µm, elongate-rectangular to linear (as much as 20:1), narrower toward
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whole tube heavily suffused bronze or purplish red, without white areolae, 25–90 (–100) cm, thick, firm, surfaces glabrous, wings 0.5–1 (–2) cm wide; orifice
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as or strongly contrasting with rest of corolla, small but jutting out at 90° from axis of corolla, often readily visible through abaxial cleft, 1–3 mm
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extending 1/2–3/4 way up the leaf, flattened and weakly convex abaxially, 90–120 µm wide near the base; basal-cells rectangular, 30–50 × 4–7 µm strongly
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linear-lanceolate to linear. Inflorescences 1, narrowly elongate-cylindric, (15–) 20–90 × 4–10 mm, usually bearing pink to brown or purple pyriform bulblets proximally
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24. Treatment on page 326. Plants cespitose or weakly rhizomatous. Culms 20-90 cm, sometimes decumbent at the base, ascending to erect above; nodes usually
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mid to distal cauline sessile, blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, (50–) 90–120 (–150) × (7–) 11–23 (–35) mm, largest near mid-stem, then somewhat reduced
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minutely, evenly serrulate or entire and antrorsely ciliolate, teeth or cilia 50–90+ per side, teeth tipped by white seta 0.1–1.5 mm, faces glabrous. Peduncles
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to (2–) 3 times as wide as thick, often with (4–) 5–10 ridges or angles, 5–90 cm × 0.3–0.8 mm, firm to soft, spongy. Leaves: distal leaf-sheaths persistent
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cespitose to somewhat spreading, sometimes shortly rhizomatous. Culms (1.5) 30-90 (140) cm. Sheaths open, glabrous or hairy, apices with tufts of hair, these
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appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 88. Mentioned on page 84, 89, 90, 642. Plants large, deep yellow-green or reddish-brown to blackish brown with
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bisexual or functionally staminate zone): outer pistillate-zone florets 9–38 (–90+) in 1–2 (–3) series, fertile, corollas creamy white to purple (sometimes
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salverform to funnelform, 8–38 cm; flower tube straight or strongly curved to 90°; outer tepals greenish [to yellow, white, or dull red] often tinged with
8 KB (775 words) - 09:21, 30 July 2020
distal cauline sessile, blades narrowly ovate to lanceolate or elliptic, 25–90 × 5–30 mm, gradually reduced distally, margins serrulate to entire (distally)
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smooth to papillose. Worldwide Genera 50–52, species ca. 900 (17 genera, 90 species in the flora). Distinctive characters of this large acrocarpous family
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side, variously 1–2-stratose in 1 cell row distally; costa percurrent, 80–90 µm wide basally, 55–75 µm wide distally, strongly convex on the abaxial side
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speciesSalix glauca varietySalix glauca var. cordifolia (Pursh) Dorn Phytologia 90: 315. 2008. George W. Argus Basionym: Salix cordifolia Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept
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inflorescences 15–60 cm. > 3 2 Widest leaves 1.5–5(–6) mm wide; culms slender, 8–90 cm; inflorescences 2.5–35(–45) cm. > 5 3 Perigynia 3–4.5 mm. Carex acutiformis
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glomerules mostly cylindric. > 10 9 Inflorescence branches divergent as much as 90°; glomerules not cylindric. > 12 10 Tepals pale or with brown central area
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stigma lobes 9–11, white. Fruits bright red, darkening in age, ellipsoid, 60–90 × 40–50 mm. Seeds 3–4 × 2–2.5 mm. 2n = 22. Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz.
8 KB (794 words) - 09:19, 30 July 2020
baileyi, Ivesia baileyi var. beneolens S. Watson Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 90. 1871. Barbara Ertter, James L. Reveal Endemic Synonyms: Potentilla baileyi (S
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of North America Association Plants not cespitose. Culms acutely angled, 20–90 cm, scabrous. Leaves: basal sheaths brown; sheaths of proximal leaves glabrous
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× 0.8–2.5 mm, glabrous. Leaves 5–10, V-shaped to flanged V-shaped, 10–70 (–90) cm × 2–7 mm, margins and midribs scabridulous or glabrous. Inflorescences:
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sharp-pointed. Ray corollas rose to pink or white, laminae drooping to reflexed, 40–90 × 4–7 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy abaxially. Discs conic to hemispheric
6 KB (610 words) - 23:05, 29 July 2020
Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 14–90 cm. Stems attenuate toward tuberoid, fistulous, 1–8 mm diam. distal to leaves;
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Amygdaleae genusPrunus speciesPrunus hortulana L. H. Bailey Gard. & Forest 5: 90. 1892. Joseph R. Rohrer Common names: Hortulan or wild goose plum EndemicIllustrated
7 KB (522 words) - 14:22, 30 July 2020
Marjorie C. Leggitt Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 30–90 cm; self-incompatible. Stems usually simple, often zigzag-curved, ± hirsute
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presented in lower 1/2 of flower, filaments 4.5–11 mm, anthers 2–4.5 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 9–19 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. Capsules
7 KB (818 words) - 21:05, 7 June 2022
sepals 0.9–3 (–5) mm, reflexed singly or in pairs; petals 1.2–5 (–7) mm; pollen 90–100% fertile; stigma hemispheric to subglobose, exserted beyond anthers of
8 KB (778 words) - 21:03, 7 June 2022
straight, ascending or drooping, glabrous adaxially. Panicles 8-20 cm long, 41-90 mm wide, open; rachises sparsely pilose to hirsute; branches (5) 10-15 (18)
8 KB (892 words) - 04:12, 30 July 2020
Illustrator: Cindy Roché, Hana Pazdírková Copyright: Utah State University Culms (85) 90-120 cm. Sheaths smooth; collars glabrous; ligules (2) 3-4 (6) mm; blades (12)
5 KB (926 words) - 02:37, 30 July 2020
beardtongue IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 81, 86. Herbs or subshrubs, sometimes cespitose. Stems
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obtuse to acute; cauline 4–7 pairs, sessile or proximals short-petiolate, 45–90 × 22–76 mm, blade ovate to triangular, base tapered or sessile on proximals
9 KB (752 words) - 19:18, 29 July 2020
elliptic-obovate to ovate, (6-) 8-20 × 6-8 mm, glabrous; stamens 35-55 (-90). Heads of achenes nearly spheric; pedicel (1.5-) 2-5 cm. Achenes: body ellipsoid
8 KB (546 words) - 08:45, 30 July 2020
1834 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Mentioned on page 89. Plants to 90 cm (roots elongate-turbinate, ± branched). Herbage usually hairy (hairs appressed
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Pedicels 1–5 (–8) mm, 5–10 (–25) mm in fruit, straight in bud, spreading at 75–90° angle, not reflexed or bent at apex. Flowers: sepals erect, usually spreading
8 KB (534 words) - 18:27, 29 July 2020
Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 15–90 cm. Leaf-blades 2–4 mm wide. Inflorescences: peduncle of proximal spike 1
5 KB (690 words) - 02:01, 30 July 2020
4–) 1–3 (–5) mm, glabrous. Leaves V-shaped or flanged V-shaped, (5–) 15–70 (–90) cm × (2–) 4–10 (–13) mm, glabrous. Inflorescences: spikes 1 (–5), rather
8 KB (597 words) - 01:38, 30 July 2020
& Beadle) Cronquist Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 88. Plants 35–110 cm (roots fusiform, ± branched). Herbage
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24. Mentioned on page 8, 9. Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs [shrubs], 10–90+ cm. Stems erect, virgately to divaricately branched. Leaves cauline; proximally
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Second-growth fields, vacant lots, roadside ditches, and lawns Elevation: 0-90 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Ark., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., N.C., Okla.
6 KB (575 words) - 00:35, 30 July 2020
John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems (20-) 30-60 (-90) cm; base reddish, glabrous. Leaves mostly on proximal 1/2 of stem; green
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measured less than 1 cm from blade base, demarcating considerably more than 90° of arc when leaf laid flat; most cauline leaf-blades exceeding internodes
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antisepalous filaments 2–8 mm, antipetalous filaments 1–4 mm, anthers 2–7 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 9–30 mm, stigma sometimes blue-black, discoid to quadrangular
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Rhabdogrimmia speciesGrimmia incurva Schwägrichen Sp. Musc. Frond. Suppl. 1(1): 90. 1811,. Roxanne I. Hastings, Henk C. Greven Synonyms: Grimmia curvifolia Lindberg
8 KB (864 words) - 06:51, 30 July 2020
FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 527. Mentioned on page 515, 516. Plants 20–90 cm. Corms globose, sometimes depressed or elongate. Stems minutely puberulent-hirtellous
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subgenusCyperus subg. Pycreus speciesCyperus diandrus Torrey Cat. Pl. New York, 90. 1819. Gordon C. Tucker*, Brian G. Marcks*, J. Richard Carter * IllustratedEndemic
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Michael J. Warnock Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stems 20-60 (-90) cm; base usually reddish, pubescent. Leaves mostly on proximal 1/2 of stem;
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157, 158, 165, 174, 183. Stems erect, sometimes ascending, (12–) 20–65 (–90) cm, glabrous or puberulent, not glaucous. Leaves basal and cauline or, often
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(–120) cm × 1.2–2.5 (–5) mm, glabrous. Leaves 2–5, pleated, (10–) 20–50 (–90) cm × 2–5 (–10) mm. Inflorescences: spikes 1–4 (–7), loose, broadly ovoid
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broadly obcordiform, 4–6 × (5–) 6–8.5 (–9.5) mm, apex acute, sinus angle (80–) 90–120 (–150) °, reticulate with prominent veins, ± sparsely to densely eglandular
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sandstone outcrops, sandy clay soils of longleaf pine savannas. Elevation: 90–100 m. Generated Map Legacy Map Tex. Agalinis navasotensis is known from Grimes
7 KB (556 words) - 19:31, 29 July 2020
mm, limbs 2.5–3.5 mm. Cypselae 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous; pappi 4–6 mm. 2n = 46, 90. Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., Alaska, Calif., Idaho, Mont., Nev.
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entire or denticulate, eciliate, apices ± erect, obtuse, broad. Ray-florets 30–90; corollas (bright-yellow) 9–30 mm. Disc-florets 100+; corollas 7–13 mm. Cypselae
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oregana subsp. oregana D. C. Eaton Canad. Naturalist & Quart. J. Sci. n. s. 2: 90. 1865. Michael D. Windham Common names: Oregon cliff fern woodsie de l'oregon
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clumps by basal offshoots. Culms triquetrous, bulbous, thickened, (20–) 30–80 (–90) cm × 0.7–1.2 mm, glabrous proximally, becoming trigonous strongly scabridulous
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cm × 1–2.5 (–7.5) mm, glabrous. Leaves flat to inversely W-shaped, 5–25 (–90) cm × 2–5 (–11) mm. Inflorescences: spikes 1–3 (–6), rather densely cylindric-ovoid
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page 477, 479. Plants loosely cespitose; rhizomes slender, long. Culms 10–90 cm. Leaves: blades 1–3.5 mm wide. Inflorescences 3–12 (–22) cm; proximal internodes
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page 255. Mentioned on page 217. Annuals, biennials [perennials], (10–) 20–90+ cm; taprooted. Stems 1–5+, erect (often scapiform), usually branched distally
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sparsely puberulent distally. Leaves usually ascending or spreading at 45–90°, dark grayish green, moderately thick and fleshy; petiole 0–0.3 cm; blade
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slopes and stream banks in redwood, cypress, pine, and oak forests Elevation: 90–1500 m Generated Map Legacy Map Calif. None. None. window.propertiesFromH
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Habitat: Dry, open, sandy or rocky slopes, cliffs, and dunes Elevation: 0–90 m Generated Map Legacy Map B.C., Calif., Oreg. None. None. window.propert
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Ray-florets 5–13; tubes 2–3 mm, laminae 8–18 × 2.2–6.5 mm. Disc-florets 30–90; corollas yellow, 3.5–4.5 mm; style-branches yellow. Cypselae 1–2 mm; pappi
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Taproots filiform; rhizomes slender, 15+ cm. Stems 5–15, weakly erect, green, 25–90 cm; internodes angular to grooved, 2/3–3 times as long as leaves, shiny, glabrous
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Fruiting late spring–early summer. Habitat: Sphagnum bogs Elevation: less than 90 m Generated Map Legacy Map Calif. Of conservation concern. Carex albida is
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purple-lined, or wholly brown or purple), laminae 5–16 mm. Disc-florets (26–) 90–154; anthers usually yellow, rarely black. Cypselae 3.5–5.7 mm; pappi 0 or
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Stems ascending or erect, green or striped with pink or red, branched, (7–) 15–90 cm. Leaves: ocrea brownish hyaline, loose, funnelform, 2–8 mm, margins truncate
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few-to-many flowered, 4–20 × 4–12 cm; major branches spreading less than 90°, lax, often arching; proximal inflorescence bract inconspicuous to leaflike
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Copyright: Utah State University Plants cespitose or shortly rhizomatous. Culms 25-90 cm, sometimes decumbent; nodes often exposed, glabrous or pubescent. Ligules
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leaves sessile or petiolate; (distal) blade (0.5–) 2–9 (–15) cm × (2–) 10–60 (–90) mm, base sometimes auriculate or amplexicaul, margins dentate or entire,
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America, South America (Colombia only), Eurasia, n Africa Species ca. 400 (90 in the flora). Quercus is without doubt one of the most important woody genera
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abaxially and adaxially pubescent; stamens 40-90; filments glabrous; staminodes 17-35 when present; pistils 35-90. Achenes elliptic to ovate, 3-5 × l. 5-2.5
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in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 522. Mentioned on page 512. Plants 40–90 cm. Leaves: basal 4, blade lanceolate to elliptic, 70–130 x 35–50 mm, 2-pinnatifid
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Association Annuals, 10–90 cm. Stems usually proximally hispid, distally stipitate-glandular. Leaf-blades broadly to narrowly lanceolate, 30–90 × 3–20 mm. Involucres
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Mexico, South America (Patagonia), Europe, Asia, n Africa Genera 3, species ca. 90 (2 genera, 4 species in the flora). None. Microthlaspi, Noccaea "elongated"
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mm diam. > 26 26 Capsules reticulate with prominent veins, sinus angle (80–)90–120(–150)°; pedicels (12–)15–27(–38) mm, length 1–2(–3) times subtending bracts
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percurrent or ending 1–3 cells before the apex; basal laminal cells rectangular (70–90 × 25–35 µm), distal cells oblong-hexagonal, marginal cells longer, often forming
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cespitose, in large clumps, short-rhizomatous. Culms reddish purple at base, 90–180 cm. Leaves: basal sheaths sometimes fibrous; sheath fronts reddish or
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dorsal spur 1.5–4 mm. Seeds with or without enclosing endocarp. 2n = 30, 60, 90. Phenology: Flowering summer–fall. Habitat: Usually weedy in disturbed areas
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more erect, narrower, and with somewhat contracted pinnae and segments, 20–90 cm. Petiole straw-colored above base, 9–45 (–60) cm × 1–3 mm, at base sparsely
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appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 83. Mentioned on page 82, 84, 89, 90. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association
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Flora of North America Association Culms trigonous in cross-section, (10–) 20–90 cm. Leaves: basal sheaths brown, reddish purple-tinged, inner bands slightly
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flattened, vitreous hairs. Stems simple or much-branched, 2–35 cm. Leaves 12–50 (–90) × 3–15 mm; petiole 0–1 mm; blade narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate
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Illustrator: Barbara Alongi Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants 17–90 cm. Leaves 1–3, ascending to spreading, abruptly or gradually reduced to bracts
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cypselae 1.5–2.5 mm, apices usually coronate or auriculate. 2n = 18, 36, 54, 72, 90. Phenology: Flowering spring–fall. Habitat: Disturbed places, meadows, seeps
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opposite; petioles 0–1 mm; blades 1-nerved from bases, lance-linear to linear, 5–90 × 1.5–9 mm, margins entire. Heads in paniculiform arrays. Peduncles 10–100
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 90-150 cm; base usually green, glabrous. Leaves cauline, 17-30 at anthesis; petiole
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Capsules 23–27 mm, slightly exceeding calyx. Seeds 2.4–3 mm. 2n = 30, 60, 90 (all Europe). Phenology: Flowering spring and summer. Habitat: Roadsides,
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Heads 10–100+; bracts linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, (4–) 15–90 × 2–9 mm. Involucres 2.4–3.8 × 3.7–8.7 mm. Phyllaries linear to linear-attenuate
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in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 95. Mentioned on page 93, 96. Plants 20–90 cm. Basal leaves: blades green, deltate or rounded-deltate to triangular-deltate
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Apr–Jun. Habitat: Open, dry or moist, grassy or rocky slopes, valleys Elevation: 90–1400 m Generated Map Legacy Map Calif. Of conservation concern. Balsamorhiza
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blades ± 3-nerved (distal to bases), elliptic, lanceolate, or lanceovate, 30–90 × 20–45 mm (lengths mostly 2–2.5 times widths), bases rounded to rounded-cuneate
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finely reticulate; or flat, 1.5–2.3 mm diam., with seed-coat brown, dull. 2n = 90. Phenology: Flowering late summer–fall. Habitat: Tidal flats, salt marshes
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Treatment on page 257. Mentioned on page 215, 216. Annuals or perennials, (10–) 40–90+ cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, usually erect, branched distally, glabrous
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Annuals, (10–) 30–120+ cm. Leaf-blades ovate to elliptic, 30–180+ × 10–50 (–90+) mm, (1–) 2-pinnately lobed (ultimate lobes lanceolate to linear, 3–50 ×
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Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants erect, 21–90 cm. Leaves 3–9, along length of stem, alternate, ascending to spreading; blade
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems repeatedly forked, 10–90 cm. Leaves: petiole 1–8 cm; blade subtriangular, rarely ovate, 3–13 × 1–11
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Association Plants perennial, colonial. Stems erect, simple or branched distally, 30–90 cm. Leaves: petiole often absent or winged, 0.1–1.5 cm; blade strongly 3 (–5)
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10-25 mm, pubescent. Leaf-blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 50-120 × 30-90 mm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins with 3-7 acute lobes separated by shallow
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m; rosettes not cespitose, 7–9 × 7–9 dm. Leaves spreading and arching, 50–90 × 7–12 cm; blade green, not cross-zoned, linearlanceolate, firm, adaxially
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Plants perennial; loosely cespitose, rhizomatous and stoloniferous. Culms 30-90 cm, erect or geniculate at the base. Sheaths open; auricles absent; abaxial
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Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North America Association Stems 15-90 cm. Basal leaves 2×-ternately compound, 7-30 cm, much shorter than stems;
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Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora of North America Association Perennials, 90–180+ cm. Internodes (± mid-stem) 3–7 (–10+) cm. Leaves: petioles 5–45 mm;
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Leaf-blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, widest proximal to middle, 45-90 × 10-25 mm, base rounded to cuneate, margins entire or with 8-10 teeth or
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lanceolate to oblanceolate. Ray-florets 8–15; corollas yellow. Disc-florets 20–90; corollas yellow; anthers yellow. Cypselae dark-brown, 5–9 mm, sparsely villous;
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 91. Mentioned on page 81, 90, 92. Shrubs, sometimes arborescent, evergreen, 0.5–4 m. Stems erect, ascending
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midrib absent. Sporophores 2-pinnate, 1–2 times length of trophophores. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing in late fall and dying in early spring. Habitat:
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continuous around segment margins. Sporangia containing 32 spores. n = 2n = 90, apogamous. Phenology: Sporulating late spring–fall. Habitat: Calcareous cliffs
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Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 30–90 cm, sparsely pilose. Leaves: sheaths pilose; ligules as long as or slightly
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America Association Culms aphyllopodic, without dead leaf remains at base, 20–90 cm. Leaf-blades 2–5 mm wide, margins revolute, scabrid at tip. Inflorescences:
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genusHylotelephium speciesHylotelephium telephioides (Michaux) H. Ohba Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 90: 53. 1977 ,. Reid V. Moran Common names: Live-forever American orpine Basionym:
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W. Bot. 2: 281. 1940 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Stems erect, to 90 cm, puberulent. Leaves: petiole to 10 mm; blade linear to narrow lanceolate
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appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment on page 86. Mentioned on page 79, 80, 87, 90. Shrubs, evergreen, 1–4 m. Stems erect, not rooting at nodes; branchlets light
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Treatment on page 543. Mentioned on page 538, 544, 549. Stems branched, 30–90 cm; branches spreading-ascending, larger branches widely spreading and decumbent-ascending
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page 362. Mentioned on page 354, 357, 361. Perennials or subshrubs, 30–60 (–90) cm. Stems erect (woolly). Leaves (proximal alternate): blades rhombic to
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venation pinnate. Sporophores 2-pinnate, 1–2 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves green over winter, appearing in midspring. Habitat: In
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subreniform. Carpels erect in fruit, distinct, brown, (strongly 5-veined). 2n = 90. Phenology: Flowering spring–summer. Habitat: Gravel, mats of Selaginella
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Basionym: Undefined subg. Eriogonella Goodman Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 21: 90. 1934 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 450. Mentioned
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Moist meadows, mossy heaths, wet gravels of streams and snowbeds Elevation: 90–3400 m Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., Alaska, Calif., Colo., Mont.
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Illustrator: Susan A. Reznicek Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms 20–90 cm, pilose. Leaves: ligules shorter than wide; blades 1.5–4 mm wide, pilose
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stout, 2-5 mm thick. Uppermost sheaths usually 2.6-6 mm wide. Panicles with 30-90 spikelets per cm2 when pressed. Fruits 1-1.8 mm. Generated Map Legacy Map
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Roots 5-20 cm. Stems (35-) 60-90 (-110) cm. Leaves: basal leaves usually absent at anthesis; cauline leaves
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yellowish-brown, occasionally somewhat purplish at maturity. Culms (30) 40-90 (130) cm; nodes usually 4-8, concealed or exposed; auricles and ligules sometimes
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Volume 7. Treatment on page 89. Mentioned on page 25, 28, 49, 61, 80, 85, 86, 90, 91, 92, 107, 109, 151. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora of North
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when dry. Inflorescences terminal panicles, usually contracted. Spikelets 12-90 mm, with 1 floret; rachillas not prolonged beyond the base of the floret;
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var. megacanthum, Cirsium horridulum var. vittatum Michaux Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 90. 1803. David J. Keil Common names: Bristly or horrid or yellow or bull thistle
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants densely cespitose. Culms 20–90 cm; vegetative culms inconspicuous with few leaves clustered at apex. Leaves:
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petiolate (petioles slender to ± winged), blades ovate to broadly lanceolate, 40–90 × (15–) 25–50 mm, bases shallowly cordate or rounded to attenuate, rarely
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10–12 per areole, straw colored to pale gray or reddish, longest spines 50–90 (–130) × 1–1.5 mm, glabrous; radial spines (5–) 8–10 per areole, (11–) 20–35
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spreading, hemispheric or narrowly erect and strict with whiplike branches, 10–90 (–180) × 5–50 cm; branches glabrous, occasionally glaucous; bracts 3, scalelike
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central abaxial groove and with indistinct lateral furrows in places, (60–) 70–90 (–110) µm wide in the proximal portion, (40–) 45–65 µm wide near the apex
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Treatment on page 125. Plants tightly cespitose, not rhizomatous. Culms 15-90 cm tall, 0.7-1 mm thick, glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose; nodes 3-4. Basal
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ascending to erect, 30–70 cm, glaucous. Leaves: basal and proximal cauline 15–90 × 8–35 mm, blade ovate, base truncate to tapered, margins entire or coarsely
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papillose-crenulate, rarely entire at the extreme apex; costa subpercurrent, (80–) 90–120 (–135) µm wide; laminal cells 1-stratose throughout. Seta brown, (4.5–)
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sulcate, hooked bristles in 3–4 circumferential rows, proximal row spreading ± 90° (pressed upward on dried specimens), glandular-hairy, grooves strigose, ridges
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sometimes glabrous or sparsely hairy, adaxial glabrous. Inflorescences 18–55 (–90) -flowered, racemes; central axes (25–) 35–160 mm, leafy at bases. Pedicels
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entire, apex obtuse to acute; cauline 3–5 pairs, short-petiolate or sessile, 24–90 (–145) × 8–28 mm, blade ovate or lanceolate, proximals sometimes oblanceolate
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Flora of North America Association Plants densely cespitose. Culms (30–) 50–90 cm. Leaves: sheaths sometimes adaxially brownish tinged, summits rounded to
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 115. Mentioned on page 90, 112, 113, 114. Illustrator: Elizabeth Zimmerman Copyright: Flora of North
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cm; capsules ellipsoid or narrowly obovoid. > 3 3 Sepals 10–15 mm; pollen 90–100% fertile. Oenothera patriciae 3 Sepals 4.5–6 mm; pollen 35–65% fertile
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cespitose, with innovations, without rhizomes, not glandular. Culms (30) 40-90 (110) cm, erect, glabrous below the nodes. Sheaths sparsely pilose on the
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20. Treatment on page 431. Mentioned on page 425, 427. Perennials, (25–) 60–90+ cm. Stems erect, stramineous to redbrown, stipitate-glandular (at least distally)
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petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic-ovate to ovate or obovate, 20–90 (–110) × 10–38 (–60) mm, thick, base acuminate, subclasping, margins irregularly
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in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 264. Mentioned on page 263. Plants 13–90 cm (self-incompat-ible); glandular, strongly apple or banana-scented. Stems
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Association Plants with basal sheaths of previous year persistent, entire. Culms to 90 cm × 5 mm, scabrous. Leaves: sheaths all with blades, fronts smooth, red spotted
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112–119. Straw, R. M. 1956b. Floral isolation in Penstemon. Amer. Naturalist 90: 47–53. Straw, R. M. 1963. Bee-fly pollination of Penstemon ambiguus. Ecology
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Ertter, B. 1986. The Juncus triformis complex. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 39: 1--90. Juncus bryoides, Juncus capillaris, Juncus capitatus, Juncus covillei, Juncus
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inflorescence units 2-31 per culm Andropogon gyrans 5 Culms 20-250 (usually more than 90) cm tall; blades 1.7-9.5 (usually more than 3) mm wide; inflorescence units
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3–4-locular. > 2 2 Sepals 4; petals 4; capsules 4-locular. > 3 3 Seeds curved 90–180°; pedicels 1.5–2.5(–3.5) mm, recurved in fruit; w United States. Elatine
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differentiated to strong, terete, reaching the leaf insertion > 9 9 Spores usually 50-90 µm. Andreaea megistospora 9 Spores usually 35-60 µm > 10 10 Spores usually
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0.6-1.8 mm wide; seeds 0.7-1.3 mm, not winged; septums transparent; ovules 90-250 per ovary; cotyledons incumbent > 2 2 Racemes not secund; fruiting pedicels
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ultimate lobes lance-rhombic, lance-deltate, ovate, or lanceolate, (10–)15–30(–90+) × (5–)10–15(–40+) mm > 8 8 Leaf blades either ovate to lanceolate and 30–70(–120)
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University Plants perennial; cespitose, sometimes with short rhizomes. Culms 90-200 cm, erect; nodes sunken, glabrous or pubescent, brown. Sheaths pubescent;
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appears in FNA Volume 25. Plants annual; cespitose or rhizomatous. Culms 40-90 cm, erect; nodes purple. Sheaths glabrous; ligules 0.1-0.3 mm; blades 4-13
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Linda A. Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Plants annual. Culms 30-90 cm. Sheaths glabrous, margins ciliate; ligules ciliate; blades to 20 cm long
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cespitose or somewhat rhizomatous, upper portion dense, oblong to ovate. Culms 90-170 cm; internodes occasionally somewhat glaucous just below the nodes; branches
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Habitat: Boggy ditches, seeps, meadows, savannas, pine flatwoods Elevation: 20-90 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Fla., Miss. Subspecies wherryi occurs infrequently
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Stream banks, rocky streamsides, heath balds, swampy woods or bogs Elevation: 90-1500 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Ga., Ky., Md., N.C., Pa., S.C., Tenn
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trunks 0.4–1 m; rosettes not cespitose, 15–20 × 15–25 dm. Leaves spreading, 90–130 × 9–12 cm; blade green, slightly cross-zoned when immature, lanceolate
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12–18 µm wide, 1–2: 1; distal cells elongate-hexagonal to vermicular, (50–) 60–90 × 8–12 µm, (4–) 6–8: 1, walls thin to somewhat firm, not strongly incrassate
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sectionCarex sect. Paniceae speciesCarex meadii Dewey Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 90, plate Cc, fig. 94. 1842. Paul E. Rothrock, A. A. Reznicek Illustrated Synonyms:
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differentiated, ± long-lanceolate. Seta orange to orangebrown. Capsule inclined 10–90°, stramineous, orange, or orangebrown, short to long and slender-pyriform
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differentiated, narrowly lanceolate. Seta orangebrown. Capsule inclined 30–90°, brown, ovoid-cylindric, neck 1/3 urn length; exothecial cells short to long-rectangular
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scarcely differentiated, broadly lanceolate. Seta orangebrown. Capsule inclined 90–180°, brown to stramineous, broadly pyriform, neck 1/3 urn length; exothecial
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Sporophores 1 (–2, rarely) -pinnate, 1–1.5 times length of trophophore. 2n =90. Phenology: Leaves appearing in early spring and dying in late spring and
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America Association Rhizomes present. Cauline stems flattened, without spots, 10–90 cm; glands absent. Turions absent. Leaves both submersed and floating or floating
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1 (–4.3) mm. Inflorescences: peduncles of staminate spikes 5–70 mm; bracts 90 × 0.7–2.2 mm; inner band of sheaths with brown, convex projection to 3.2 mm
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Flora of North America Association Stems erect, spheric to ovoid-cylindric, 30–90 (–250) × 30–60 (–100) cm; ribs (15–) 21–32, shallowly notched immediately
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pubescent, abaxial surface not noticeably glaucous. Catkins: pistillate 33–85 (–90 in fruit) × 10–22 mm, flowering branchlet 0–2 mm. 2n = 38. Phenology: Flowering
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Treatment on page 169. Plants perennial; cespitose, not rhizomatous. Culms to 90 cm, erect, glabrous, not branching at the upper nodes; prophylls shorter than
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20-50 mm, glabrate or pubescent. Leaf-blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 90-300 × 60-160 mm, base cuneate to rounded or truncate, margins with 5-11 lobes
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to several from base, branched in distal 1/2 (in inflorescence), (25–) 30–90 (–110) cm. Leaves: ocrea normally laciniate; blade oblong-ovate, ovatelanceolate
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producing axillary shoots below 1st-order inflorescence or at proximal nodes, 50–90 (–120) cm. Leaf-blades ovatelanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or lanceolate
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Pazdírková, Linda A. Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Culms 35-40 (90) cm, 0.8-1 mm thick at the nodes, rarely branched, leafy for 80% of their
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A. Vorobik Copyright: Utah State University Plants not rhizomatous. Culms 90-180 cm tall, 1.5-3 mm wide; internodes glabrous or pubescent beneath the nodes
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savannas, roadsides through similar habitats, floating peat mats Elevation: 0-90 m Generated Map Legacy Map Fla., Ga., N.C., S.C. Sarracenia minor is the most
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var. roseum Warnstorf Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 88, 89, 96, 101. Plants ± moderate-sized, capitula flattopped
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mm, tomentose-strigose; blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 30–90 × 8–23 mm, coriaceous, base cuneate, margins strongly revolute, veins 7–12
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(–14) mm; hypanthial tubes (6–) 7–13 (–16) mm; pedicel/tube ratio (20–) 35–90 (–120) %; fruit awns 5.3–7.5 (–9.2) cm. Phenology: Flowering late Feb–Apr
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3/4 of the way up the leaf, frequently spurred and forked at the tip, (80–) 90–180 (–220) µm wide near the base; laminal cells 1-stratose throughout. Seta
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Leaf-blades wiry, stiff, triangular, slightly concavo-convex toward base, 40–90 cm × 2–4 (–7) mm, not glaucous; margins entire, rarely remotely serrate with
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petiolate, distal congested, larger than proximal (if any), largest (25–) 33–90 × 7–20 mm; petioles: lengths 2–3 times blade lengths, bases thickened, indurate;
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Plants colonial; rhizomes long-creeping. Culms central, slender, trigonous, 40–90 cm, smooth, with marcescent remains of previous year’s leaves at base. Leaves:
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Cindy Roché Copyright: Utah State University Plants annual; tufted. Culms 30-90 cm tall, to 3 mm thick, erect. Sheaths retrorsely pilose, sometimes mostly
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Association Rhizomes absent. Cauline stems slightly compressed, without spots, 35–90 cm; glands yellow-green to gold, 0.2–1 mm diam. Turions terminal, abundant
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midcauline leaf lobes more than 3 times longer than wide. Inflorescences 40-90 (-180) -flowered; pedicel 0.5-2 cm, puberulent; bracteoles 4-6 mm from flowers
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undivided medial blade 3–7 (–10) mm wide, teeth broadly lanceolate. 2n = 42, 90, 91, 101. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Edges of meadows, dry gravelly
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base attenuate from just above middle, apex acuminate. Flower flexed ca. 90° on summit of pedicel to face outward rather than upward, or variously carried
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× 0.7–3 cm, apex obtuse to rounded. Inflorescences 5–20-flowered, lax, 20–90 mm; floral bracts lanceolate, ovate, or oblong, 1–3 × 0.5–1 mm, apex obtuse;
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Small trees and shrubs, to 2-3 m. Twigs rigid, divaricately branched at 65-90° angles, reddish-brown, 1.5-3 mm diam., pubescent, sparsely so in 2d year
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discoid, 1–15+, borne singly or in open, corymbiform arrays. Peduncles 1–56 (–90) mm (glabrous or villosulous near heads, bracts 0–3, simple or 1-pinnate)
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rhizomes. Stems usually erect, rarely ascending, branched above middle, 25–90 (–100) cm. Leaves: ocrea prominent and persistent at maturity, whitish or
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Stellaria montana Rose Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 90. Mentioned on page 74, 75. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey Copyright: Flora
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Utah State University Culms (1) 2-4 (6) m tall, (1) 2-5 cm thick. Blades 50-90 cm long, 3-12 cm wide. Pistillate inflorescences spikes, 15-25 (40) cm long
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stigma lobes cream or tinged pink. Fruits yellow, cylindric to ellipsoid, 40–90 × 14–40 mm, fleshy, spineless (rarely with few very short spines) but usually
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sometimes ovate-elliptic, rarely obovate, (50–) 70–124 (–210) x (24–) 30–55 (–90) mm, subcoriaceous, base cuneate, obtuse, truncate, or auriculate, margins
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Basionym: Machaeranthera parviflora A. Gray Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 90. 1852 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 405. Mentioned
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in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 94. Mentioned on page 19, 86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 93, 96, 97. Plants small and slender, stiff and usually compact, capitulum
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Reznicek Copyright: Flora of North America Association Culms brownish at base, 30–90 cm. Leaves: sheaths glabrous; ligules 11–43 (–53) mm; blades dark green, 10–40
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nailwort forked-chickweed IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Queria canadensis Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 90. 1753 Synonyms: Anychia canadensis (Linnaeus) Elliott Treatment appears in
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surfaces of distalmost leaves usually sparsely pubescent. Racemes (15–) 30–90-flowered, usually unbranched. Fruiting pedicels reflexed, abruptly recurved
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Volume 20. Treatment on page 404. Mentioned on page 401, 402. Subshrubs, 10–90 cm (bushy); rhizomes elongate. Stems 1–10+, suberect to reclining or sprawling
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Roché Copyright: Utah State University Plants perennial, rhizomatous. Culms 60-90 cm tall, 2.5-4 mm thick, erect. Sheaths smooth, not keeled; ligules 2-3 mm
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stiffly erect (rarely almost horizontal above bracts), straight, reflexed ± 90° at tip, 6–11 cm. Fruits red, fragrance of fresh mushrooms, ± globose to pyramidal
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cells, light yellow or unpigmented, walls often porose; medial cells (60–) 70–90 (–100) × 3 µm. Sexual condition dioicous; inner perichaetial leaves oblong-lanceolate
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short-excurrent; distal medial laminal cells hexagonal to rhomboidal, firm, 50–90 µm, walls moderately thick. Specialized asexual reproduction typically absent
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