bristles 0–4 (–5), light-brown to stramineous, stout, usually unequal, rudimentary to equaling achene; stamens 3; anthers dark yellow to stramineous, 1
11 KB (999 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
sheaths reddish-brown, bladeless, pilose; others grading from dark red to green on back, tan-hyaline on front, reddish-brown dotted and usually pubescent at
9 KB (680 words) - 02:11, 30 July 2020
irregular, corky wings; twigs reddish, pubescent. Buds brown, ovoid, acute, pubescent; scales brown, pilose on outer surface, ciliate on margins. Leaves:
7 KB (423 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
reflexed bractlets. Involucres 6–8 mm. Florets 5–9. Cypselae light tan to dark-brown, 2.2–3.6 mm, faces smooth to tuberculate, not grooved; pappi (falling)
5 KB (493 words) - 20:27, 29 July 2020
inner margin brown-streaked, broad, membranous. Tepals pink to purple, usually pale-yellow in cup, outer pale abaxially, main veins dark green to purple
6 KB (529 words) - 06:10, 30 July 2020
gray-green, tomentose to tomentulose, adaxial surface dark green, villosulous or puberulent, glabrescent; usually 3-veined from base, rarely pinnately veined (veins
5 KB (411 words) - 18:32, 29 July 2020
obscure. Inflorescences: staminate flowers usually solitary, sometimes 2–3 per fascicle; pistillate flowers usually solitary, rarely 2 per fascicle. Staminate
7 KB (435 words) - 18:23, 29 July 2020
Plants slender, 15–30 cm. Bulbs dark-brown, 12 mm diam. Stems simple, rarely 1-branched. Leaves 3–4; basal leaves usually 2, blade narrowly lanceolate to
6 KB (546 words) - 06:09, 30 July 2020
papery patches, mature rough, gray-brown; branches spreading; twigs ± straight, new growth pubescent, 1-year old mid brown, older gray; thorns on twigs sparse
11 KB (895 words) - 13:45, 30 July 2020
along septum at base of fruit and also apically. Seeds 10–20 per locule, dark-brown, ellipsoid. x = 13. Introduced; Mexico, Asia (China), Asia (Himalaya)
10 KB (521 words) - 18:30, 29 July 2020
including wing usually 0.2–0.3 mm wide, often incurved adaxially, perigynia then boatshaped, ciliate-serrulate on distal body; beak coppery or dark-brown at tip
8 KB (712 words) - 01:55, 30 July 2020
(2–) 3–7 per fertile culm, 10–50 cm × 2–5 mm. Inflorescences usually dense, light to dark-brown and green, (0.8–) 1.1–2.6 cm × 9.5–17.5 mm; proximal internode
9 KB (757 words) - 01:56, 30 July 2020
present, sometimes difficult to observe, adnate portion dark reddish purple to nearly black, usually well developed, noticeably thickened, free portion relatively
6 KB (703 words) - 13:56, 30 July 2020
axile; styles 2, (erect); stigmas 2. Capsules 2-beaked. Seeds (10–100), tan or dark redbrown, linear-fusiform, (narrowly wing-margined), smooth. x = 7. United
8 KB (507 words) - 12:58, 30 July 2020
conspicuously narrowed at tip, to 130 cm. Petiole articulate to stem, dark-brown, round in cross-section, with 2 adaxial grooves. Blade ovate to elliptic
6 KB (400 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
mid leaf, one branch usually longer; alar cells not or poorly differentiated, rectangular; laminal cells smooth; distal cells usually longer than 6: 1. Specialized
10 KB (658 words) - 07:52, 30 July 2020
compact to short-creeping, usually 4–8 mm diam.; scales often uniformly brown but at least some on each plant with well-defined, dark, central stripe, linear-lanceolate
6 KB (500 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
rhizomatous, 1.5–2 (–3) m. Stems usually clustered, erect, profusely branched, herbaceous, stiff, glabrous, glaucous. Leaves: ocrea usually deciduous, brownish, cylindric
10 KB (808 words) - 10:08, 30 July 2020
ovoid; terminal spike staminate or androgynous. Proximal pistillate scales dark-brown to black, apex obtuse to subacute, cuspidate or awned. Perigynia erect
8 KB (546 words) - 01:23, 30 July 2020
unequal lengths; scales often uniformly brown but at least some bicolored with dark central stripe and pale-brown margins, narrowly lanceolate. Leaves 4–25
8 KB (642 words) - 00:24, 30 July 2020
(slightly rugose, especially in herbarium specimens). Seeds reddish-brown to dark-brown, 2–3 mm diam., shiny. Phenology: Flowering summer–fall. Habitat: Coastal
7 KB (563 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
cuneate, margins entire, ciliate or eciliate, apex rounded to usually acute, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent on abaxial veins. Peduncles 5–12
7 KB (539 words) - 11:17, 30 July 2020
almost white, scaly. Twigs brown, red, or yellowish, 2-4 mm diam., densely puberulent with spreading hairs or glabrate. Buds brown or yellowish, ovoid or fusiform
10 KB (694 words) - 08:45, 30 July 2020
pubescent, 1–2-years old grayish brown, older gray; thorns on twigs few to numerous, ± straight, 1-year old dark gray, usually ± slender, 2–4 cm. Leaves: petiole
11 KB (1,044 words) - 14:39, 30 July 2020
proximally, stipitate-glandular distally, usually smooth proximally. Leaves: ocrea brownish to reddish-brown, cylindric, 8–20 mm, chartaceous, base inflated
9 KB (729 words) - 10:12, 30 July 2020
page 368. Mentioned on page 341, 363, 366, 369, 642. Plants in wiry wefts, dark green to olive green, occasionally yellowish. Stems irregularly branched
5 KB (268 words) - 07:46, 30 July 2020
341, 342, 630, 637, 652. Plants small to large, ± glaucous, green to rusty brown. Stems with branches erect to arcuate, sometimes attenuate to flagellate
12 KB (612 words) - 07:56, 30 July 2020
Capsules oblanceoloid, strongly compressed, 15-20 mm, glabrous. Seeds dark-brown, reticulate. 2n = 20. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Deciduous
5 KB (379 words) - 08:20, 30 July 2020
completely or partially dehiscing, sutures smooth or winged; nuts brown, reddish-brown, or tan, sometimes mottled with black or tan, compressed or not compressed
16 KB (713 words) - 08:48, 30 July 2020
gray-brown, rough; branches spreading; twigs ± straight, new growth pubescent, 1-year old gray-brown or brown, older gray; thorns on twigs usually numerous
12 KB (1,013 words) - 13:45, 30 July 2020
drought-deciduous, to 10 m. Twigs brown to dark reddish-brown, 2-3 mm diam., sparsely to uniformly pubescent. Terminal buds brown to reddish-brown, acutely ovoid, 1.5-2
6 KB (600 words) - 08:45, 30 July 2020
very slender, spinules dense; anthers 1.6–3.5 mm. Achenes medium brown to gray or dark-brown, equilaterally trigonous to compressed trigonous, rarely some
8 KB (779 words) - 01:30, 30 July 2020
dead branches. Bark dark gray to dark-brown, irregularly fissured with scaly ridges, inner bark orangish pink. Twigs reddish-brown, (1-) 2-3.5 mm diam
7 KB (658 words) - 08:40, 30 July 2020
or finely hairy, sometimes pruinose; hypanthium usually persistent; sepals usually persistent, usually reflexed. Seeds 1 per drupelet. x = 7. North America
35 KB (2,155 words) - 15:31, 15 December 2020
yellow, sometimes pinkish, tube yellowish, brownish, or purplish, often with dark veins, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate, tubular, tube base not spurred or
12 KB (470 words) - 19:19, 29 July 2020
soft, dense tufts, cushions or sods, yellow to dark green distally, pale-brown proximally, or sordid brown throughout, occasionally with a red tinge in young
14 KB (1,002 words) - 07:07, 30 July 2020
by swollen perianth. Seeds horizontal, orbicular or reniform; seed-coat dark-brown, smooth; embryo ± annular, perisperm copious. x = 9. Introduced; Eurasia
7 KB (585 words) - 09:28, 30 July 2020
thick, margins brown, thin, erose-dentate. Leaves monomorphic, clustered on stem, 7–45 cm; croziers sparsely villous. Petiole dark-brown, lustrous, flattened
7 KB (585 words) - 00:33, 30 July 2020
sometimes with reddish or greenish stripes). Cypselae light to dark-brown or reddish-brown, fusiform or cylindric, curved, distally narrowed and not beaked
8 KB (506 words) - 20:17, 29 July 2020
yellow to brown, 0.6–1 mm; styles 3-fid or some 2-fid. Achenes falling with scales, dark green or medium brown, obovoid to obpyriform, biconvex or sometimes
10 KB (758 words) - 01:24, 30 July 2020
249. Bulbs usually solitary, not clustered on stout, primary rhizome, ovoid to ± globose, 0.9–1.7 × 0.8–2 cm; outer coats enclosing bulb, dark reddish-brown
8 KB (527 words) - 05:50, 30 July 2020
or sparsely pubescent. Seeds purple, sometimes streaked with light and dark-brown, 1.5–2.5 mm. Generated Map Legacy Map B.C., Yukon, Alaska, Colo., Europe
9 KB (765 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
present. Flowers usually unisexual, rarely some bisexual (plants polygamous); hypanthium campanulate to cupulate, 2–3 mm wide, usually not circumscissile
12 KB (452 words) - 18:31, 29 July 2020
Association Bulbs 4–7 cm, tunic dark-brown, membranous. Leaves 1–2 dm × 3–9 mm, margins undulate. Panicles 3–9 dm, branches usually ascending, erect. Flowers
4 KB (390 words) - 06:00, 30 July 2020
409. Herbs, perennial, andromonoecious. Rhizomes not woody, reddish to dark-brown, cortex smooth, not exfoliating. Leaves: petiole short. Inflorescences
5 KB (324 words) - 18:33, 29 July 2020
series, distinct, lanceolate to elliptic (usually carinate), unequal, margins and apices (usually light to dark-brown, sometimes purple) scarious (abaxial faces
6 KB (481 words) - 20:44, 29 July 2020
trees, to 20 m. Bark gray-brown with orange tint, furrows shallow, ridges flat, broad. Branchlets redbrown to light greenish brown, glabrous or with a few
10 KB (584 words) - 08:24, 30 July 2020
appearing serrate; floral scales 6–24, loosely overlapping, light-brown to reddish-brown, with conspicuous clear border, medially greenish, 5–7-ribbed, ovate-obovate
7 KB (613 words) - 01:34, 30 July 2020
light-brown, elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 2 (–2.5) mm, shorter than outer tepals, slightly rugose to smooth. Seeds dark reddish-brown to brown, 1–1.3
9 KB (688 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
Spikes 3–10, usually overlapping, ovoid to globose, 4–10 × 3–7 mm, base rounded or truncate, apex rounded. Pistillate scales reddish-brown, usually with green
8 KB (747 words) - 01:59, 30 July 2020
page 304. Plants medium-sized, dark green, often somewhat sericeous (abaxial surface of leaves), sometimes reddish-brown, especially on exposed distal part
7 KB (615 words) - 14:12, 30 July 2020
short-acuminate. Seta solitary, yellowish, 3–15 mm, smooth. Capsule light to dark-brown when mature, elliptic to short-cylindric, 0.5–2 mm, smooth to longitudinally
9 KB (525 words) - 06:56, 30 July 2020
Association Plants (1–) 2–4 (–7) cm. Stems red, brown, or sometimes yellowish-brown. Leaves green to dark green, contorted and twisted when dry, narrowly
7 KB (531 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
Stems short-creeping to ascending, occasionally branched; scales dark reddish to brown throughout, narrowly deltate, (2–) 3–5 × 0.2–0.4 mm, margins entire
7 KB (490 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
or 7-lobed, base cordate to truncate or cuneate, margins usually toothed. Inflorescences usually axillary, rarely terminal, flowers solitary or in clusters
13 KB (608 words) - 11:29, 30 July 2020
reddish-brown, older dull gray; thorns on twigs 1-year old glossy, dark-brown to blackish, ± stout, 3–6 cm. Leaves: petiole length 50–60% blade, usually glandular;
9 KB (943 words) - 14:42, 30 July 2020
surface usually bearded basally and on claw; presence of cleistogamous flowers not determined. Capsules ovoid to globose, 4–7 mm. Seeds 6, dark-brown to shiny
9 KB (583 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
Flowers: perianth bristles absent. Achenes dark-brown, dark green, or yellow, coarsely (to finely) rugose at 10X, usually coarsely cancellate at 10–20X, 6–10
5 KB (749 words) - 01:27, 30 July 2020
pilose to sericeous with yellowish hairs; columella 1.5–1.7 mm. Seeds dark reddish-brown to almost black, plumply ovoid, 4-angled in cross-section, 1.2–1.3
8 KB (625 words) - 18:24, 29 July 2020
branched; scales dark-brown, concolored, linear-lanceolate, margins entire. Leaves slightly dimorphic, clustered, 1–5 m. Petiole brown, with a single groove
7 KB (385 words) - 00:30, 30 July 2020
spineless, usually at most areoles, not obscuring stems, spreading, straight or slightly curved, silver to yellow to usually ± red or tan to brown, stout,
9 KB (746 words) - 09:15, 30 July 2020
Flora of North America Association Plants to 50 cm. Pseudobulbs aggregate, dark green, ovoid-pyriform, 1–7 × 1–2.5 cm. Leaves 1–3, linearlanceolate, 8–40
6 KB (562 words) - 05:29, 30 July 2020
ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate. Seta dark red, reddish, or light-brown. Capsule inclined to pendulous, cylindric, arcuate or sometimes
8 KB (492 words) - 07:51, 30 July 2020
broadly 4-angled, 1.6–2 × 1.4–1.9 mm, apex truncate, mucronate. Seeds dark-brown to black, triangular in cross-section. 2n = 8, 12. Phenology: Flowering
6 KB (497 words) - 18:22, 29 July 2020
margins brown, thin, erose-dentate. Leaves monomorphic, clustered on stem, 10–50 cm; croziers sparsely to densely villous. Petiole black or dark purple
7 KB (550 words) - 00:23, 30 July 2020
Capsules on stipe ca. 0.1–0.2 mm, ovoid, 5 mm, usually shorter than sepals. Seeds reddish-brown to dark-brown, oblongelliptic with hilar notch on 1 end, 1
9 KB (859 words) - 10:20, 30 July 2020
drying, mostly more than 1 mm wide, covered with persistant scales. Culms brown at base, rough, scabrous-angled distally or not. Leaves: basal sheaths fibrous
10 KB (674 words) - 01:51, 30 July 2020
present, usually in distal areoles, spreading, yellow, straight, acicular, 5–25 mm. Glochids numerous, nearly filling areoles, yellow to redbrown or dark-brown
8 KB (706 words) - 09:18, 30 July 2020
freshly exposed ± orange, older gray-brown, flattened-scaly, exfoliating in elongate strips; compound thorns on trunks usually absent; thorns on twigs determinate
7 KB (691 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
styles absent or 2; stigmas 2. Capsules 2 (–3) -beaked. Seeds (50–75), dark-brown, ellipsoid and prismatic (or angular), warty. x = 7. w North America,
8 KB (569 words) - 12:58, 30 July 2020
reddish-brown or dark green proximally. Stem erect, rarely branched, to 1 cm, hyalodermis absent or weakly present and thin-walled, sclerodermis usually present
9 KB (723 words) - 07:08, 30 July 2020
Trees, densely branched, with older branches at base of crown dark-brown, clinging to usually solitary trunk, 0.3–1.5 (–3) m. Stem segments whorled or subwhorled
10 KB (853 words) - 09:15, 30 July 2020
scales pale-brown to yellowish, lanceolate, concolored, margins entire. Leaves monomorphic, scattered, 4–30 cm. Petiole chestnut-brown to dark purple, rounded
7 KB (363 words) - 00:23, 30 July 2020
deciduous, to 30 m. Bark dark gray and smooth, becoming darker and irregularly fissured with age, inner bark light orange. Twigs reddish-brown, 1-2 mm diam., glabrous
6 KB (616 words) - 08:46, 30 July 2020
obtuse, surfaces usually glabrous, except with tufts of hair in abaxial vein-axils. Inflorescences (3–) 10 (–50) -flowered; branches usually glabrous, sometimes
11 KB (1,005 words) - 14:38, 30 July 2020
densely caespitose, somewhat lustrous, dark green, olivaceous to yellow or brownish green in the distal part, brown proximally. Stems (1–) 2–5 (–7) cm, creeping
11 KB (1,016 words) - 06:51, 30 July 2020
tan, pale pinkish gray, or reddish-brown (rarely stramineous), tips dark bright pinkish brown, reddish-brown, dark-brown, orangebrown, or pinkish orange on
14 KB (1,312 words) - 09:25, 30 July 2020
Plants loosely cespitose; rhizomes horizontally spreading, reddish-brown to dark-brown, (10–) 40–100 mm, slender. Culms 10–45 cm, smooth to weakly scabrous
8 KB (683 words) - 01:23, 30 July 2020
lobes 4–10 mm; style tips 3.5–8 mm. Cypselae light to dark-brown, 4–6.5 mm, apical collars usually colored like body; pappi 17–35 mm, white to tan. 2n =
15 KB (1,232 words) - 19:58, 29 July 2020
slightly sweet-tasting; scales concolored to weakly bicolored, uniformly dark-brown or with pale margins and base, lanceolate, symmetric, margins denticulate
6 KB (496 words) - 00:27, 30 July 2020
locule, smaller adaxial locule sometimes indehiscent). Seeds 200–250, dark-brown, angled to obovoid, wings present. x = 8. Introduced; s Europe, Asia,
7 KB (366 words) - 18:57, 29 July 2020
pubescent; others grading from maroon to green on back, pale brown-hyaline or reddish-brown on front, often red dotted, sometimes finely pubescent; blades
10 KB (798 words) - 02:11, 30 July 2020
Stems erect to ascending, not rooting at nodes; branchlets usually green, sometimes reddish-brown, not thorn-tipped, round or slightly angled in cross-section
7 KB (629 words) - 18:32, 29 July 2020
aristate; filaments connate ± entirely, usually glabrous; ovary similar in color to foliage. Capsules tan to dark-brown, globose to obovoid, 3–5 mm; pedicel
8 KB (625 words) - 06:05, 30 July 2020
sheaths white to light-brown; nonbasal sheaths 2.1–10.6 mm; blades erect, drooping or recurved, dark green, 0.4–52 cm × 1.6–6.1 mm, usually exceeding culms.
8 KB (655 words) - 02:08, 30 July 2020
axils stiff, erect, dark red, purple, or deep beet-red, less commonly yellowish or greenish, leafless at least in distal part, usually robust. Bracts lanceolate
8 KB (633 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
Leaves: ocrea light-brown, cylindric, 12–23 mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, eciliate, surface glabrous, usually obscurely glandular-punctate;
10 KB (786 words) - 10:11, 30 July 2020
appendage; staminodes 0. Capsules narrowly ovoid, 6–10 mm. Seeds 10–40, dark-brown, ovoid to reniform, 1–3 mm, without abaxial crest. Generated Map Legacy
6 KB (414 words) - 18:56, 29 July 2020
acute, margins usually pinnately (often runcinately) lobed, lobes ± deltate to lanceolate, not constricted at bases, terminals usually larger than laterals
6 KB (586 words) - 20:14, 29 July 2020
Plants medium-sized, sometimes larger, yellowish green to dark green, often reddish-brown especially on stems, petioles, and inflorescence branches, to
6 KB (580 words) - 14:12, 30 July 2020
Copyright: Flora of North America Association Herbs, perennial, cespitose, dark-brown to black when dry, to 6.2 dm, not glaucous. Stems simple, 2–6.8 mm wide
7 KB (560 words) - 15:26, 15 December 2020
Flowers: perianth usually pink, lavender, or magenta, rarely white. Fruits dark to pale gray-brown and mottled with dark gray-brown, tan, or redbrown,
6 KB (743 words) - 09:43, 30 July 2020
sparsely pilose; anthers 0.3–0.5 mm; styles 0.4–0.7 mm. Achenes greenish brown to dark-brown. 2n = 14. Phenology: Flowering summer. Habitat: Dry rocky to gravelly
6 KB (744 words) - 14:11, 30 July 2020
Stems: distal branches dark-brown to purplish red; infrastipular prickles paired, internodal prickles paired or single, reddish-brown, rarely deltate or erect
8 KB (956 words) - 13:50, 30 July 2020
(rarely 1–2 scales); pulp color variable; floral remnant usually persistent. Seeds black or dark-brown, snail-shaped, 1.2–2.6 mm, smooth, shiny; testa cells
11 KB (864 words) - 09:21, 30 July 2020
scales light to dark-brown, margins hyaline, lanceolate, typically equaling or longer, sometimes shorter and narrower than perigynia, midvein dark, same color
7 KB (544 words) - 02:03, 30 July 2020
tip recurved, glabrous; style glabrous. Capsules glabrous. Seeds brown to dark-brown, angled, 1.9–3.2 mm. sw United States, Mexico Species 4 (3 in the
8 KB (593 words) - 19:06, 29 July 2020
1; anthers 1–1.2 mm; styles 1–1.2 mm; stigmas 0.5 mm. Achenes black or dark-brown, stipitate, broadly ellipsoid, 1.2–1.4 × 0.5–0.6 mm, stipe to 0.1 mm,
7 KB (546 words) - 01:33, 30 July 2020
rhizomatous, often forming colonies. Stems spreading, reddish-brown (when actively growing) or red to dark red or grayish (when dormant), much-branched, rubbery-succulent
9 KB (530 words) - 18:31, 29 July 2020
spatulate, not cucullate; midvein usually unbranched; stamens 8. Achenes exserted from perianth, reddish-brown to dark-brown, ovate, 3-gonous, 2.5–3 (–4) mm
7 KB (784 words) - 10:08, 30 July 2020
creamy white to yellow. Capsules dark-brown, ovoid to subglobose, 1.4–3.5 cm, apex apiculate, glabrous or hairy. Seeds brown, reniform-globose, 2.5–3 mm, verrucose-papillose
9 KB (646 words) - 11:27, 30 July 2020
aging dark gray. Spines (0–) 7–13 (–20) per areole, at most areoles, rarely obscuring stems, yellow to orangebrown with yellow tips, aging dark gray, subequal
8 KB (720 words) - 09:15, 30 July 2020
(connivent), lateral pair saccate basally; petals cream or yellow (with dark-brown or purple veins), broadly obovate, claw differentiated from blade (± equal
8 KB (590 words) - 12:21, 30 July 2020
449, 455, 654. Plants medium-sized to large, in dense to loose mats, green, dark green, yellowish, or brownish. Stems creeping, densely to moderately densely
7 KB (548 words) - 07:48, 30 July 2020
style included or exserted, 6–13 mm. Capsules globular, 5–7 mm. Seeds dark-brown, 0.6–1.6 mm. 2n = 28. Generated Map Legacy Map N.S., Ala., Conn., Del
8 KB (535 words) - 19:31, 29 July 2020
stipitate-glandular or glabrous), beaks divergent, not papillose. Seeds dark-brown, ovoid, 0.4–0.6 mm, smooth. Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Ark., Ill.
7 KB (597 words) - 12:56, 30 July 2020
anthers cream to pink or red, ellipsoid to oval. Achenes usually included, light to dark-brown or maroon, not winged, globose-lenticular, glabrous. Seeds:
9 KB (669 words) - 10:53, 30 July 2020
when young, dark reddish-brown or dull red with age outer layer may exfoliate as thin ash gray peel, glabrous; infrastipular prickles usually paired, erect
12 KB (916 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
gray-green, terete, 10–110 (–120) cm, usually well-branched throughout, sometimes simple, strigillose and/or long-villous, usually mixed glandular puberulent distally
13 KB (934 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
Plants cespitose. Culms obtusely angled, glabrous. Leaves: basal sheaths brown; sheaths of proximal leaves glabrous, fronts lacking spots and veins, entire
8 KB (690 words) - 02:01, 30 July 2020
proximal usually opposite, distal usually alternate, petiolate or sessile; stipules not adnate to petiole, linear-subulate to leaflike, usually shorter
11 KB (712 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
conic, usually umbonate; capsules distinctly short-valvate (sect. Californicum). Papaver californicum 6 Peduncles hispid; petals unspotted or with dark basal
11 KB (522 words) - 08:35, 30 July 2020
punctiform. Fruits capsules, locules equal, dehiscence poricidal. Seeds 20–50, dark-brown to black, oblong, wings present, abaxial, cupulate. x = 15. sw United
7 KB (367 words) - 18:58, 29 July 2020
pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 20–50+; corollas yellow. Cypselae dark-brown, obovoid, not beaked, ribs 8–10 (3–5 stronger), stramineous, faces smooth
6 KB (371 words) - 20:14, 29 July 2020
venation parallel (3-veined), secondary-veins not conspicuous. Inflorescences usually axillary and terminal, sometimes entirely axillary; cymes 1–6-flowered.
11 KB (812 words) - 10:09, 30 July 2020
black, usually hooked, terete to angled, 10–55 mm; lateral spines usually (0–) 2 (–4) per areole, white, tan, red or reddish-brown, usually hooked, except
10 KB (962 words) - 09:23, 30 July 2020
yellow proximally, bluish distally. Cypselae dark-brown, 3 mm, densely woolly; pappi ca. 0.5 mm (usually hidden by hairs on cypselae). Phenology: Flowering
6 KB (520 words) - 20:04, 29 July 2020
bicolored, lanceolate, contorted distally, bases and margins light-brown, sometimes with dark central stripe, margins often coarsely dentate. Leaves to 25 cm
6 KB (505 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
20–30 mm. Disc corollas 5.5–6.7 mm, lobes usually purple. Cypselae tan to bicolored (with distal dark-brown band), 2.5–5 mm, faces ± tuberculate, glabrous;
6 KB (589 words) - 23:04, 29 July 2020
(–11), usually distant, oblong to ellipsoid, 7–25 × 5–7 mm, base clavate to attenuate, apex usually rounded. Pistillate scales usually reddish-brown, or green
9 KB (822 words) - 01:57, 30 July 2020
unequal lengths; scales often uniformly brown but at least some bicolored with dark central stripe and pale-brown margins, narrowly lanceolate. Leaves 8–60
9 KB (645 words) - 15:30, 15 December 2020
pilose, 1-year old shiny, dark-brown to sometimes tan, 2-years old deep gray, older pale; thorns on twigs numerous, usually ± recurved, 2-years old blackish
9 KB (775 words) - 14:43, 30 July 2020
North America Association Plants 3–8 (–13) cm. Stems dark-brown. Leaves reddish green, reddish-brown, or black when old, spreading, ± flat, not strongly
6 KB (442 words) - 07:40, 30 July 2020
of secondary-veins, adaxial surface dark green, sparsely appressed-hairy; secondary-veins 4–5 per side, most usually arising from basal 1/2. Inflorescences
7 KB (470 words) - 18:31, 29 July 2020
apiculate, faces glabrous. Ray-florets (11–) 13–23 (–34); corollas usually pale to dark blue or purple, seldom white, laminae (6–) 7.2–11.3 (–14.6) × 1.5–2
15 KB (964 words) - 21:04, 29 July 2020
unequal to subequal, usually ± herbaceous, margins and apices seldom notably scarious. Receptacles flat to convex, epaleate [paleate] (usually ± foveolate to
12 KB (739 words) - 20:02, 29 July 2020
1–10 dm. Stems 1+, prostrate, decumbent, erect, or ascending; bark brown to dark-brown, aging to gray; short and long-shoots present; short-shoots glabrous
13 KB (700 words) - 14:26, 30 July 2020
page 537. Shrubs or trees, open-spreading, 4–8 (–15) m. Bark light to dark-brown, smooth. Branches ascending; twigs glabrous to sparsely pubescent, sometimes
6 KB (594 words) - 08:43, 30 July 2020
branched). Stems spreading to ascending, dark-brown, shiny, striate-angular, glabrous, often ± scurfy, usually resinous and sticky. Leaves present at flowering;
8 KB (835 words) - 21:30, 29 July 2020
staminate 5–8 mm; pistillate 7–12 mm. Phyllaries distally black, dark-brown, light-brown, castaneous, or olivaceous. Corollas: staminate 3–5 mm; pistillate
7 KB (540 words) - 20:31, 29 July 2020
mm, usually antrorsely barbed; anthers 1.2–2 mm. Achenes dark-brown or gray brown, oblong-obovoid, 1.5–3 mm. Phenology: Fruiting summer. Habitat: Meadows
6 KB (597 words) - 01:39, 30 July 2020
aligned in 4 rows or rarely smooth, apex toothed and usually with 2 or more lateral teeth. Seeds tan or brown, 1.5–2.5 mm wide. Generated Map Legacy Map Alta
9 KB (797 words) - 09:37, 30 July 2020
359, 377, 378, 381, 383, 384, 425. Plants in loose to dense tufts, dull, dark or yellowish green sometimes brownish. Stems erect, (0.5–) 1–2 (–3) cm, simple
21 KB (1,496 words) - 06:56, 30 July 2020
deep purple-brown, older dark gray; 3-year old thorns on twigs blackish, ± straight, 3–4 (–5) cm. Leaves: petiole short; blade usually dark green, sometimes
7 KB (780 words) - 14:35, 30 July 2020
base attenuate; filaments 1–2.5 mm; anthers 0.5–0.7 mm. Fruits black or dark-brown, often broader distal to middle, (0.9–) 1.1–2 (–2.7) cm × 3–6 (–10) mm
7 KB (756 words) - 12:33, 30 July 2020
Petiole 0.2–4 dm, sparsely to moderately scaly; scales spreading, pale-brown to reddish-brown, concolored. Blade glabrous, sparsely to moderately scaly abaxially
5 KB (494 words) - 00:30, 30 July 2020
trees, 30–60 dm. Stems: 1-year old twigs deep red or purple-brown, shining, older dull or dark gray. Leaves deciduous; petiole length 1/5–1/3 blade; blade
6 KB (676 words) - 14:36, 30 July 2020
Plants 10–30 cm. Stems ascending to spreading, green when young, becoming dark-brown then gray, branched, twigs stipitate-glandular, resin-coated. Leaves ascending;
7 KB (601 words) - 22:16, 29 July 2020
sometimes papillose. Leaves deciduous, cauline, alternate, usually petiolate; ocrea usually deciduous, sometimes persistent, chartaceous; petiole base
8 KB (534 words) - 10:04, 30 July 2020
America Association Stems usually not branching, straight, scapelike, stout, 1–3 dm. Leaves: basal 1–3 dm × 5–15 mm, usually shorter than stem. Inflorescences
6 KB (504 words) - 05:35, 30 July 2020
Capsules nodding, winged, oblong, 2–4 cm, apex obtuse or acute. Seeds dark-brown, irregular. 2n = 20. Phenology: Flowering mid spring–mid summer. Habitat:
5 KB (466 words) - 05:34, 30 July 2020
Seta red, 1–2 cm, erect. Capsule erect, usually straight and symmetric or sometimes slightly curved, dark-brown or reddish, cylindric, 1.5–3 (–3.2) mm,
8 KB (758 words) - 06:59, 30 July 2020
commissures, lobes round, 1–3 mm, margins usually purple-tinged, broad, membranous; petals spreading, usually bright pink, rarely white, broadly to narrowly
10 KB (849 words) - 10:24, 30 July 2020
with cormoid, woody caudices. Stems 1–10+, ascending to erect (light to dark-brown), glabrous or densely canescent distally. Leaves (green to graysih) soft
12 KB (743 words) - 21:02, 29 July 2020
or densely unicellular-hairy abaxially (sometimes with sharply marked, dark-brown band along distal margins), margins unicellular-ciliate or, sometimes
11 KB (836 words) - 13:17, 30 July 2020
Leaves: proximal sheaths pale-brown to dark-brown, occasionally red tinged, 4.5–8 (–10) mm thick; ligules 1.2–3.9 mm, usually 0.6–1.5 times as long as wide;
7 KB (701 words) - 02:06, 30 July 2020
2–4 (–8) dm, openly branched; bark often glaucous when young, gray to dark-brown with age, glabrous; infrastipular prickles paired, erect, largest ± flattened
13 KB (1,152 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
absent, (usually deciduous in autumn); petiole usually shallowly grooved, sometimes flat to convex adaxially, not glandular; largest medial blade usually amphistomatous
20 KB (1,565 words) - 12:13, 30 July 2020
Inflorescences maturing acropetally, usually paniculate (racemose in small plants), many-flowered; floral bracts usually 1, minute, with adaxial bractlet near
7 KB (385 words) - 05:45, 30 July 2020
diam., acrid-tasting; scales concolored to weakly bicolored, uniformly dark-brown, often lighter near base, lanceolate, contorted distally, margins denticulate
6 KB (524 words) - 00:22, 30 July 2020
1-year old sparsely pubescent, 2-years old shiny, dark blackish brown to dark gray, glabrous, older dark gray; thorns on twigs absent or few, straight to
9 KB (725 words) - 13:48, 30 July 2020
3–30 cm. Stems 1–4, usually erect, sometimes prostrate or decumbent, leafy proximally and distally, usually puberulent, from usually vertical, subligneous
9 KB (744 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
weak-stemmed; golden brown to dark-brown; capitulum distinct and often with strongly curved branches. Stems brownish to dark-brown; superficial cortex of
5 KB (552 words) - 07:03, 30 July 2020
colorless to brown, roughly rectangular. Inflorescences: staminate scales shorter than or exceeding flowers; pistillate spikes usually persisting into
17 KB (1,659 words) - 00:59, 30 July 2020
Flowers: perianth usually dark golden yellow, cream, pink, lavender, or purple, heavily veined purple or brown; floral-tube 1.5–3 cm; sepals usually yellow with
8 KB (755 words) - 06:07, 30 July 2020
Bark dark-brown to black with square plates. Twigs brown to reddish-brown, 1-2.5 mm diam., tomentose to sparsely pubescent. Terminal buds light-brown to
7 KB (627 words) - 08:47, 30 July 2020
Plants densely cespitose; rhizomes usually ascending, occasionally horizontally spreading, dark reddish-brown to purplish brown, 0–10 mm, stout. Culms ascending
9 KB (726 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
crenate-serrulate, plane or revolute, surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences racemes, usually erect in flower and fruit, (symmetric); peduncular bracts present or absent;
12 KB (691 words) - 13:10, 30 July 2020
gray or copper-colored; bark on younger 2–5 cm thick branches mainly dark gray-brown or copper-colored, horizontal lenticels present; thorns on twigs straight
9 KB (799 words) - 14:36, 30 July 2020
orm, paniculiform, or spiciform arrays. Peduncular bracts: tack-glands usually 1+ at tips and on margins. Involucres campanulate or obconic to ± globose
9 KB (746 words) - 23:42, 29 July 2020
8–10 mm, throats 5–6 mm, lobes 5–7 mm; style tips 3.5–4.5 mm. Cypselae dark-brown to black, 4–5 mm, collars very narrow, stramineous; pappi ca. 15 mm. 2n
9 KB (649 words) - 19:55, 29 July 2020
often reddish abaxially. Cypselae homomorphic [heteromorphic], reddish-brown [dark-brown], bodies ± fusiform [compressed-ellipsoid], not beaked [beaks ± developed]
7 KB (461 words) - 20:18, 29 July 2020
length of styles. Capsules brown, shining, obovoid (apex truncate), equal or longer than tepals, apex truncate. Seeds dark-brown, ellipsoid, 0.9–1.3 mm; caruncle
7 KB (551 words) - 00:54, 30 July 2020
campanulate, 7–14 mm; tepals erect, white or pink to purplish with dark greenish brown or purple midveins, lance-oblong, elliptic, or ± oblanceolate, ± equal
8 KB (581 words) - 05:54, 30 July 2020
mm or 0.5–1 mm; stigmas purplish. Achenes uniformly light-brown or streaked with dark-brown or black, sharply 3-gonous, 4–6 × 4–6 mm, faces smooth, angles
9 KB (841 words) - 10:11, 30 July 2020
bisexual [unisexual], usually regular, sometimes slightly irregular; perianth and androecium hypogynous; hypanthium absent; sepals 4–5, usually distinct, rarely
11 KB (500 words) - 18:15, 29 July 2020
tomentose, or subpannose. Heads disciform, usually in glomerules borne in continuous or interrupted, usually spiciform, sometimes paniculiform, arrays (reduced
17 KB (844 words) - 20:36, 29 July 2020
appressed to the branch axes, elliptic-ovate, light to dark-brown. Lower glumes absent; upper glumes usually with short, appressed pubescence, rarely glabrous
6 KB (847 words) - 04:19, 30 July 2020
in distal part, dehiscence regularly circumscissile. Seeds black to dark reddish-brown, lenticular to subglobose-lenticular, 1–1.3 mm, smooth, shiny. Phenology:
10 KB (812 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
stigma short-cylindric. Capsules: dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds ca. 250, dark-brown to blackish, cylindric-hexahedral, slightly broader at one end, wings
7 KB (350 words) - 19:27, 29 July 2020
Association Plants densely to loosely cespitose; rhizomes arching, dark reddish-brown, 0–5 mm, slender. Culms 6–34 cm, scabrous distally; bases weakly or
7 KB (616 words) - 01:21, 30 July 2020
nodding, (1-) 1.5-2 (-2.5) cm, densely hairy, hairs dark-brown to redbrown; bracteoles 1-2, basal, usually ovate-triangular, rarely over 2-3 mm, hairy. Flowers
7 KB (609 words) - 08:43, 30 July 2020
straight, reddish-brown, 1–2 mm, slender; anthers ± straight, dark purple, 4–20 mm, ± thick, dehiscence introrse; connectives brown-purple, extending 1–2
8 KB (710 words) - 05:33, 30 July 2020
single or paired, erect to spreading, 1–4 cm. Flowers: tepals pale to dark-brown, 3–4.5 mm, margins entire, clear; anthers 2 times filament length; stigmas
6 KB (468 words) - 00:59, 30 July 2020
male plants shorter than female plants. Seta dark redbrown, to 2 cm, ± flexuose. Capsule ± erect, dark-brown, cylindric, to 1.5 mm; operculum high conic
8 KB (739 words) - 06:59, 30 July 2020
fine hairs. Florets 10–40; corollas yellow, 18–22 mm. Cypselae golden or dark-brown, subcylindric, 6–10 mm, apices tapered (not beaked), ribs 10–18, strong
9 KB (670 words) - 20:08, 29 July 2020
maroon, connective purple, dark maroon, or black, smooth; stigmas not enlarged compared to style. Capsules dark reddish-brown, valvate, cylindric-ovoid
10 KB (867 words) - 13:06, 30 July 2020
with greenish brown or reddish-brown midstripes and pink, violet-pink, or reddish purple margins, usually oblanceolate, 10–20 × 4–7 mm, usually mucronate,
10 KB (954 words) - 09:23, 30 July 2020
upper 2 usually conspicuously reddish-brown to brownish purple abaxially, lateral 2 streaked or solid reddish-brown, lower 3 and sometimes upper 2 dark brown-veined
10 KB (836 words) - 11:17, 30 July 2020
splachnoides. The brood bodies are dark red-brown, narrowly ellipsoid, and small. The capsule is brown or red-brown and gradually narrowed to the hypophysis
6 KB (486 words) - 07:49, 30 July 2020
America Association Trees or rarely shrubs, to 30 m; crowns spreading. Bark usually gray, smooth or often fissured and conspicuously warty. Branches without
9 KB (475 words) - 08:41, 30 July 2020
2–3 spikes pistillate; terminal spike gynecandrous. Pistillate scales dark-brown or black, distal margins often hyaline, ovate or lanceolate, shorter than
6 KB (537 words) - 02:03, 30 July 2020
by apices of subtending facial leaves; glands usually present, circular. Pollen cones 2–4 mm, dark-brown; pollen-sacs yellow. Seed-cones maturing and opening
6 KB (603 words) - 00:25, 30 July 2020
in fruit, 5, dark brown-purple to greenish yellow, plane, lanceolate to oblanceolate, usually clawed, ca. 2.5-5 mm; petals 5, distinct, brown-purple, plane
6 KB (288 words) - 08:25, 30 July 2020
rhizomes stout. Stems 1–3+, erect (sometimes brown proximally, strict to straight), glabrous. Leaves green to dark green, firm, ± fleshy, margins entire, ciliate
10 KB (799 words) - 21:00, 29 July 2020
mm. Fruits dark green, ovoid to obpyriform or ellipsoid, (10–) 13–25 (–30) × 12–18 mm; floral remnant strongly persistent. Seeds reddish-brown, ± comma-shaped
12 KB (1,145 words) - 09:25, 30 July 2020
coarsely rugose distally, dehiscence regularly circumscissile. Seeds dark reddish-brown to black, lenticular, 0.6–1 mm diam., shiny. Phenology: Flowering
8 KB (658 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
at distal nodes; branchlets reddish-brown, ± flexible, puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves not fascicled, crowded, usually longer than internodes and obscuring
7 KB (497 words) - 18:19, 29 July 2020
present. Stems usually erect to ascending, sometimes decumbent or prostrate, unbranched or branched (usually distally). Leaves usually basal and cauline
85 KB (2,094 words) - 12:08, 30 July 2020
throughout. Seta brown, (4.5–) 5.5–7.5 (–9) mm. Capsule brown, cylindric, (2–) 2.3–3 (–3.2) mm, smooth; peristome teeth 500–650 µm, dark yellow to orangebrown
8 KB (1,011 words) - 06:52, 30 July 2020
Eurasia Species ca. 65 (11 in the flora). Mature fruits are important and usually necessary for reliable identification of Corispermum. Serial herbarium material
17 KB (1,353 words) - 09:33, 30 July 2020
to dull yellowish-brown toward end of 2d year or later, usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely puberulent (around nodes). Leaves usually well developed at
5 KB (616 words) - 13:55, 30 July 2020
capitate. Fruits capsules, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds (1–) 4–140, yellow to brown, rarely blackish (V. triphyllos), planoconvex to urn-shaped, wings absent
20 KB (967 words) - 19:23, 29 July 2020
anthers 0.4–0.6 mm; styles 0.7–1.1 mm; stigmas 1.4–2.1 mm. Achenes dark-brown to reddish-brown, sessile, broadly ellipsoid, 1.8–2.1 × 0.8–1 mm, apex apiculate
8 KB (640 words) - 01:39, 30 July 2020
robust; usually found floating, submerged or stranded; capitulum not apparent, leaves crowded into a tuft; deep green throughout or dark reddish-brown to blackish
7 KB (528 words) - 06:48, 30 July 2020
auricles 2-3 mm, usually purplish black when fresh, sometimes light-brown; ligules shorter than 1 mm; blades 7-15 mm wide, lax, dark glossy green under
9 KB (1,145 words) - 03:00, 30 July 2020
golden brown to dark-brown; branches strongly laterally curved. Stem-leaves 0.8–1.3 mm, usually appressed. Branch leaves 2–2.8 mm, straight to usually strongly
4 KB (661 words) - 06:54, 30 July 2020
petiole bases few, hairs absent; scales usually tan to light-brown, ovatelanceolate, radial walls tan to brown, thin, luminae tan. Leaves monomorphic,
7 KB (530 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
mm wide, linear-oblong to narrowly lanceolate, plumbeous, yellowish-brown, or dark reddish-purple, with 6-22 florets; disarticulation acropetal, paleas
9 KB (940 words) - 04:10, 30 July 2020
Stems: older trunks usually bearing compound thorns; twigs: new growth reddish green, usually glabrous, 1-year old dark, shiny reddish-brown, 2–3-years old
12 KB (1,112 words) - 14:37, 30 July 2020
5-6.5 (-7.8) × 1.5-2.7 cm, usually membranous, less often leathery, base cuneate to attenuate, margins sometimes entire, usually serrate distal to middle
9 KB (584 words) - 08:43, 30 July 2020
glumes 1-3 (4.9) mm; upper glumes 1.8-5.5 mm; lemmas 2-6 mm, sometimes with a dark spot near the base, apices acute to truncate, sometimes emarginate to bifid
7 KB (908 words) - 04:46, 30 July 2020
yellow; floral-tube linear, gradually dilating apically, 6 cm; sepals usually with fine, dark veins basally, becoming coarser on claw, oblanceolate or obovate
8 KB (770 words) - 06:07, 30 July 2020
or rarely very sparsely puberulent distally. Leaves usually ascending or spreading at 45–90°, dark grayish green, moderately thick and fleshy; petiole
7 KB (777 words) - 09:45, 30 July 2020
15–45 mm diam.; hypanthium campanulate or cupular, 3–5 mm diam., interior usually pubescent, exterior hairy or glabrous; sepals 5, reflexed, lanceolate or
14 KB (829 words) - 14:33, 30 July 2020
Capsules brown and sometimes dark spotted, 3-locular, obovoid to nearly globose, 1.8–2.9 mm, shorter to longer than perianth. Seeds yellow to light-brown, fusiform
9 KB (606 words) - 00:58, 30 July 2020
leaves, loose; scapes filiform, 0.5 mm wide, 4–5 (–6) -ribbed; heads gray-brown to dark gray, nearly globose or ovoid, 3–4 mm wide, relatively soft; receptacle
8 KB (600 words) - 00:51, 30 July 2020
pubescent externally. Fruits black to dark-brown, bluntly 5-angled in cross-section, with low black to dark-brown [white] irregular tubercles between angles
6 KB (633 words) - 09:40, 30 July 2020
racemes, usually secund; floral bracts lanceolate, 10–35 mm, often exceeding flowers. Flowers 8–18, dark wine to cranberry red, small; sepals dark wine red
7 KB (577 words) - 05:27, 30 July 2020
throats 5.5–7.5 mm, lobes 4–8 mm; style tips 3–5.5 mm. Cypselae tan to dark-brown, 5–6 mm, apical collars yellow, narrow; pappi 14–16 mm. 2n = 34. Generated
11 KB (809 words) - 20:47, 29 July 2020
deciduous, to 30 m. Bark dark gray or brown, hard, with deep V-shaped furrows. Twigs light-brown, 2-3 (-4) mm diam., glabrous. Buds light-brown, ovoid, (3-) 4-6
9 KB (846 words) - 08:45, 30 July 2020
areolar hairs of stem apex, usually quickly drying to tan shell before seed dispersal, 10–30 mm; scales several, tips dark, spinelike, glabrous. Seeds
8 KB (886 words) - 09:22, 30 July 2020
scaly, spineless, hairless; floral remnant persistent. Seeds black or very dark-brown, short cylindric to pyriform, sometimes constricted above base, 1.4–2
11 KB (959 words) - 09:24, 30 July 2020
leafy bracts setaceoustipped, usually exceeding all clusters, or at least all but the distal. Spikelets light-redbrown or brown, broadly ellipsoid to lanceoloid
7 KB (560 words) - 01:43, 30 July 2020
narrowly oblong, 1–1.4 mm, shorter than tepals, indehiscent. Seeds dark reddish-brown to nearly black, lenticular or broadly lenticular, 0.6–0.8 mm diam
6 KB (538 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
10–125; corollas yellow or white. Cypselae gray, straw-colored, brown, or violet (dark purplish in southwest California), narrowly truncate-fusiform to
5 KB (612 words) - 20:25, 29 July 2020
separating from seeds, whitish, membranous, cellular-reticulate. Seeds dark-brown to black, laterally flattened, broadly ovoid. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering
5 KB (541 words) - 09:32, 30 July 2020
or trees dioecious, to 7 (–12) m, usually branching near base; crown rounded to flattened-globose. Bark gray to brown, exfoliating in thin strips, that
6 KB (510 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
basally, glabrous; ovary similar in color to foliage. Capsules light to dark-brown, globose, 3–8 mm; pedicel recurved. Seeds hemispherical, with deep depression
6 KB (512 words) - 06:04, 30 July 2020
ovoid-oblong, walls firm, cartilaginous. Seeds many, globose; seed-coat light to dark-brown, often smooth, shiny. x = 13 or 14. Introduced; Africa, s Europe, Middle
5 KB (383 words) - 06:10, 30 July 2020
medium-sized to occasionally very large, yellowish grass green to dark green, often reddish-brown on exposed parts of stems and petioles. Stems glabrous or appressed-hairy
6 KB (562 words) - 14:11, 30 July 2020
white or greenish, 8–10 (–11.5) mm. Cypselae fusiform or clavate, 4–5 mm (dark-brown, 12–15-ribbed); pappi (6–) 7–8 (–9) mm. 2n = 54. Phenology: Flowering
6 KB (503 words) - 21:24, 29 July 2020
appears in FNA Volume 2. Stem scales brown, ovate to lanceolate with attenuate apices. Leaves to 90 cm. Pinnae dark green and not shiny adaxially, (8–)
4 KB (393 words) - 00:24, 30 July 2020
corollas 5–7+ mm, lobes usually purple. Cypselae often bicolored, tan proximally, dark-brown banded distally, 4–5 mm, faces ± smooth, usually glabrous; pappi to
7 KB (749 words) - 23:04, 29 July 2020
mm; appendages usually yellowish or green, rarely dark purple, ovate, flabellate, semiorbiculate, or oblong, 0.3–0.9 × 0.4–1.1 mm, usually entire. Staminate
9 KB (652 words) - 18:29, 29 July 2020
wide, glabrous or scabrous, margins usually entire, similar in color and texture to stem body. Leaf-blades usually glabrous, bases occasionally becoming
7 KB (571 words) - 06:05, 30 July 2020
axillary. Flowers bisexual, staminate, or pistillate, proximal flowers usually bisexual and staminate, distal flowers pistillate; involucral-bracts linear
7 KB (312 words) - 08:27, 30 July 2020
1-year old twigs deep tan to dark mahogany, ± shiny young, older gray to dark gray, often showing brown or alternatively tan-brown eastward; thorns on twigs
9 KB (1,004 words) - 14:36, 30 July 2020
strongly reddish tinged, adaxial surface usually reddish-mottled or with conspicuous reddish spot, both surfaces usually sparsely to moderately pilose, especially
11 KB (859 words) - 18:27, 29 July 2020
diam. Capsules ovoid, 3–6.4 mm, beaks divergent, not papillose. Seeds dark-brown, fusiform, 0.5–0.9 mm. Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Ark., Ga., Ind.
7 KB (560 words) - 12:56, 30 July 2020
exceeding tepals, smooth or faintly rugose, indehiscent. Seeds black or dark reddish-brown, subglobose or broadly lenticular, (0.8–) 1–1.8 mm diam., smooth,
9 KB (686 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
nearly smooth, dehiscence regularly circumscissile. Seeds black or dark reddish-brown, lenticular to broadly lenticular, 0.8–1 mm diam., shiny, smooth.
9 KB (619 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants in hoary tufts, dark green to brown. Stems 0.5–1.5 cm. Leaves oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5–2
6 KB (758 words) - 06:49, 30 July 2020
previous year’s pseudobulb usually present, connected by short rhizome. Stems bright green, with or without purplish brown tinge, angled, sometimes obscurely
9 KB (742 words) - 05:30, 30 July 2020
locule, obovoid or narrowly obovoid, finely papillose, tan with dark splotches or brown. = 7. w United States, nw Mexico Species 2 (2 in the flora). P.
9 KB (787 words) - 21:04, 7 June 2022
geniculate at the base, branching at most of the nodes. Leaves cauline; sheaths usually shorter than the internodes, glabrous or sparsely pilose; collars glabrous;
8 KB (869 words) - 03:54, 30 July 2020
present or absent; upper lemmas and upper paleas cartilaginous, glabrous, dark-brown, separating slightly at maturity, exposing the caryopses, lemmas 3-veined
7 KB (744 words) - 03:58, 30 July 2020
strigose, with appressed medifixed hairs. Stems 15–150, stiffly erect; bark dark russet, becoming gray, striate; long-shoots divaricately and oppositely branched
9 KB (514 words) - 14:23, 30 July 2020
dehiscence regularly circumscissile or tardily dehiscent. Seeds very dark reddish-brown, lenticular, (0.6–) 0.7–1 mm diam., shiny. Phenology: Flowering summer–fall
6 KB (490 words) - 09:41, 30 July 2020
rhizome, ovoid, 1–2 × 0.8–1.8 cm; outer coats enclosing 1 or more bulbs, brown, membranous, cellular-reticulate, cells quadrate, polygonal, or ± rectangular
8 KB (545 words) - 05:54, 30 July 2020
yellow to light-brown. Capsule 2–3.5 mm, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, smooth to faintly striate when dry, dark-brown or yellowish-brown; operculum 2–3
10 KB (809 words) - 06:57, 30 July 2020
Spikes usually pendent; staminate 2–3; pistillate 2–4; proximal pistillate spike 1.8–5 cm × 5–7 mm, base obtuse. Pistillate scales redbrown to dark purple-brown
7 KB (682 words) - 02:00, 30 July 2020
secondary branching sparse to copious, 2-ranked; primary shoots of shrubs usually several, erect to arching or decumbent; lenticels scattered, small, prominent;
11 KB (450 words) - 08:36, 30 July 2020
disarticulating, dark or bright shiny green, wrinkling when stressed, circular to broadly oblong to obovate, 5–17.5 × 4–12 cm, fleshy, usually tuberculate,
7 KB (779 words) - 09:16, 30 July 2020
soft, flexuous, some usually also short and glandular; flowering shoots ascending, 5–20 cm; small axillary tufts of leaves usually absent; nonflowering
10 KB (898 words) - 10:16, 30 July 2020
appendages silvery white to brown, scarious, fringed with slender teeth 1.5–2 mm. Florets 25–35; corollas of sterile florets spreading, dark blue, 25–30 mm, enlarged
6 KB (554 words) - 20:02, 29 July 2020
papillae usually (2–) 3–5-seriate, on abaxial and adaxial surfaces. Perigonia unknown. Perichaetia usually on proximal portions of branches. Seta brown, 2–2
5 KB (480 words) - 07:50, 30 July 2020
blade dark green, flat to slightly channeled, 5–12 cm × 0.5–1 mm, margins finely serrulate. Inflorescences 1–3 (–4) -flowered; primary bract usually exceeding
6 KB (431 words) - 00:51, 30 July 2020
Southeastern United States 246, 1328. 1903. Harry E. Luther, Gregory K. Brown Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
7 KB (378 words) - 00:51, 30 July 2020
to the axis, yellowish green to dark green, glossy. Stems 0.5–6 cm, densely tomentose with light-brown to reddish-brown rhizoids. Leaves falcate-secund
10 KB (1,039 words) - 06:57, 30 July 2020
small and slender, stiff and usually compact, capitulum small and flattopped; typically deep reddish-brown, also greenish brown in shaded habitats and in
7 KB (823 words) - 07:13, 30 July 2020
diam., usually reddish purple), usually densely to sparsely hirsute or hispid, glabrescent, often proximally glabrate, sometimes glabrate. Leaves (dark green
15 KB (1,085 words) - 21:08, 29 July 2020
longer than their half-width; incisions usually relatively short, sometimes absent or relatively long; teeth usually slightly connivent, mostly slightly asymmetric
6 KB (590 words) - 14:12, 30 July 2020
bicolored, lanceolate, contorted distally, base and margins light-brown, sometimes with dark central stripe, margins denticulate. Leaves to 40 cm. Petiole
7 KB (596 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
basally; ovary blackish, in contrast with much lighter foliage. Capsules dark-brown to black or purplish black, ± globose to obovoid, 2–4.1 mm; pedicel ascending
8 KB (664 words) - 06:05, 30 July 2020
sulcate, usually not twisted, margins eciliate or sparsely puberulent, apices acute to apiculate, faces usually glabrous, sometimes puberulent, usually gland-dotted
7 KB (586 words) - 21:47, 29 July 2020
cuneate to round, truncate, or cordate, apex usually acute to obtuse, occasionally round, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes very sparsely puberulent
7 KB (617 words) - 09:12, 30 July 2020
nearly so. Spikelets 6-8 mm long, 0.8-1.2 mm wide, lanceolate, dark-brown to golden brown at maturity. Calluses 1-1.2 mm, blunt, densely bearded; lower
7 KB (902 words) - 04:23, 30 July 2020
sessile, ±cylindric, sides smooth; beak terminal, straight, 1-2 mm. Seeds dark-brown to black, obpyramidal to 3-angled. x=8. Temperate and subtropical regions
8 KB (407 words) - 15:29, 15 December 2020
395. Plants medium-sized to large, in loose to dense tufts, yellowish-brown to dark green. Stems erect, simple or sparingly branched; rhizoids smooth, scattered
10 KB (636 words) - 06:56, 30 July 2020
erect-ascending, 8–20 dm. Stems erect to arching; young stem internodes brown, 2–6.5 (–12) mm, glabrous or hirtellous-pilose, rarely glandular. Leaves
8 KB (600 words) - 14:24, 30 July 2020
rhomboid-ovoid, 5–10 × 3–7 mm, base and apex tapered. Pistillate scales mid to dark-brown, usually with pale midstripe, glossy, lanceolate, (3–) 3.5–3.7 (–4) mm, subequal
7 KB (641 words) - 01:56, 30 July 2020
white to light-brown; nonbasal sheaths 1–4 mm; blades erect, drooping or recurved, dark green to grayish blue-green, 11–38 cm × 3–9 mm, usually exceeding culms
8 KB (688 words) - 02:08, 30 July 2020
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Plants cespitose, short-rhizomatous. Culms brown at base, shorter than leaves. Leaves: basal sheaths not fibrous; sheath fronts
10 KB (539 words) - 01:25, 30 July 2020
Plants 1.5–5 (–8) cm. Stems red or brown. Leaves green, yellowish, or occasionally dark green, slightly contorted, usually coiled and twisted when dry, sometimes
7 KB (474 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
leaves; roots fleshy. Stems usually 1-branched, solid, 7–15 dm. Leaves: basal deciduous, at first erect, then recurved, blade dark green, with prominent median
8 KB (815 words) - 06:07, 30 July 2020
smooth, not veined, densely puberulent; style 0.5–1.5 mm. Seeds (brown or dark-brown), ovoid, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm. 2n = 16. Phenology: Flowering May–Sep.
8 KB (772 words) - 12:33, 30 July 2020
or nearly so, bordered by well-defined, tan-gray, velvety ridge; pith dark-brown. Terminal buds conic, flattened, 12-18 mm. Leaves 30-60 cm; petiole 3
7 KB (518 words) - 15:28, 15 December 2020
circular to horizontally elliptic, young hairs whitish or tan to reddish-brown, aging darker; areolar glands present or absent; cortex mucilaginous or not, mucilage
13 KB (1,143 words) - 09:21, 30 July 2020
narrowed below the crown, crowns usually ciliate; awns caducous to persistent, usually twice-geniculate, first 2 segments usually twisted and hispid, terminal
13 KB (1,209 words) - 02:49, 30 July 2020
additional clumps. Stems 1–50+, ascending to erect (sometimes brown, or reddish to dark-brown, often proximally brittle), often short-branched in distal 1/2
12 KB (873 words) - 21:56, 29 July 2020
basal and cauline; blade usually flat, involute, rarely nearly terete, channeled, not septate. Inflorescences terminal cymes, usually sympodial (monopodial
9 KB (421 words) - 00:51, 30 July 2020
America Association Plants forming dark or grayish to yellowish green, yellowish to blackish brown tufts or patches, usually hoary when dry. Stems to 15 cm
11 KB (1,102 words) - 06:52, 30 July 2020
× 0.3–5.6 cm, 3–34 times longer than wide; blade usually ± elliptic, wide or narrow, margins usually not undulate, apex acute, often narrowly so; veins
12 KB (1,011 words) - 05:44, 30 July 2020
angled, ridged, or dorsiventrally flattened, generally yellowish-brown, rust, or dark-brown, paler on abaxial surface, 7–43 × 0.4–1.5 mm; adaxial central
9 KB (1,007 words) - 09:24, 30 July 2020
cream, yellow, or reddish-brown, oval, 1.1–1.5 mm. Tubercles absent or not (or 1 row of whitish globules on ridges and crests), brown, lamellar, planar, or
6 KB (681 words) - 12:04, 30 July 2020
obovate; lemmas 2-3.6 mm, light-brown, dark green, or lead-colored, usually without a basal dark spot, apices usually truncate or obtuse, rarely broadly
5 KB (854 words) - 04:47, 30 July 2020
plicate, 2.2–2.5 × 0.9–1 mm, hyaline. Seta dark-brown, (0.6–) 1.2–2 (–2.2) cm. Capsule brown or yellowish-brown, lustrous, cylindric, (2.5–) 3–4.2 × 0.8–1
12 KB (1,136 words) - 06:52, 30 July 2020
loosely cespitose to cushion-forming, often rosulate, green, often dark distally, brown basally. Stems to 1.5 cm; hyalodermis present, weak, sclerodermis
12 KB (878 words) - 07:01, 30 July 2020
froms; golden brown to dark-brown; capitulum weakly 5-radiate, branches straight to strongly laterally curved. Stems green to pale-brown, superficial cortex
7 KB (641 words) - 06:53, 30 July 2020
trees], 7–15+ cm (Verbesina nana) or 30–200 (–400) [–2500+] cm. Stems usually erect, usually branched (internodes sometimes winged). Leaves basal and/or cauline;
12 KB (721 words) - 23:07, 29 July 2020
Mentioned on page 228, 229, 230, 234, 236, 238. Plants in dense patches, dark green, brown-green, sometimes almost black. Stems 0.5–1 cm, central strand strong
9 KB (1,002 words) - 06:49, 30 July 2020
glanddotted). Disc-florets 50+; corollas 4.5–5.5 mm, lobes yellow; anthers dark-brown or black, appendages yellow. Cypselae 3–4 (–5) mm, sparsely villous or
7 KB (638 words) - 23:18, 29 July 2020
ellipsoid to oblong, 6–14 mm, glabrous or finely puberulent. Seeds medium to dark-brown or redbrown, 2–3 mm, elaiosome completely covering funiculus. 2n = 36
10 KB (819 words) - 11:18, 30 July 2020
midveins on abaxial leaf faces, usually ± loose and irregularly deciduous from leaves in age; taprooted. Stems usually 1, erect, ± gray-tomentose, sometimes
11 KB (831 words) - 19:56, 29 July 2020
Inflatae. The floral scales are brown with hyaline margins, ovate, and papery. The perigynia are pale brown at the base and dark brown distally, inflated although
6 KB (427 words) - 01:26, 30 July 2020
223, 224, 227. Plants (1–) 2–3 (–6) cm. Stems red or reddish-brown. Leaves green to dark green, contorted and twisted when dry, ovate-elliptic or sometimes
8 KB (515 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
to acuminate. Perigynia dark-brown, 12–28-veined, 1.4–2.2 mm wide, apex erose to weakly bidentulate, glossy. Achenes silvery brown, smooth. 2n = 60. Phenology:
6 KB (622 words) - 01:51, 30 July 2020
inconspicuous, apex usually acute, occasionally short-mucronate. Perigynia ascending, glossy reddish-brown, often with yellowish or greenish brown margins, veinless
6 KB (527 words) - 02:03, 30 July 2020
Anthers 0.8–1.6 (–2) mm. Perigynia spreading to reflexed, castaneous to dark-brown, 2–14-veined abaxially, 0–12-veined adaxially over achene, lanceolate
9 KB (661 words) - 01:54, 30 July 2020
or more frequently yellowish, orangish brown-red, reddish-brown or dark red; capitulum not developed. Stems brown to black; superficial cortex of 1 (–2)
6 KB (666 words) - 07:00, 30 July 2020
(8–) 15–40 cm, smooth-angled distally. Leaves: basal sheaths pale to dark-brown; sheaths with hyaline inner band, apex not prolonged, glabrous; ligules
7 KB (638 words) - 01:51, 30 July 2020
tubercles absent, or only 1 midvein slightly swollen. Achenes brown or dark reddish-brown, 2 × 1.3 mm. 2n = 20. Phenology: Flowering late spring–summer
7 KB (785 words) - 10:06, 30 July 2020
acuminate; tubercles 3, equal or subequal, usually minutely to distinctly rugose. Achenes brown or dark reddish-brown, 2.5–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm. 2n = 20. Phenology:
6 KB (714 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
pinkish brown (rarely dark-brown), palest when fresh, weathering through gray to black, dark tips usually only on largest central spines, usually pink to
15 KB (1,377 words) - 09:25, 30 July 2020
concealing stamens and ovary, dark maroon-purple when fresh, fading especially distally to dull reddish-brown, greenish brown, or with creamy yellow tones
9 KB (714 words) - 05:29, 30 July 2020
verrucose and/or transversely rugose (wrinkled) in proximal part. Achenes brown or dark-brown, 2.5–3.5 × 2–3 mm. 2n = 60. Phenology: Flowering late spring–early
7 KB (796 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
light gray or brown, smooth. Twigs light gray, 1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous or very finely tomentulose and glabrate in 2d year. Buds dark gray-brown, globose,
10 KB (988 words) - 08:47, 30 July 2020
splitting, proximally brown or reddish, distally stramineous, brown, reddish or green, often inflated, papery, apex mostly dark redbrown, subtruncate to
10 KB (789 words) - 01:26, 30 July 2020
cordate to truncate, margins crenate to dentate. Inflorescences usually axillary, flowers usually in fascicles, sometimes solitary, sometimes terminal racemes;
11 KB (591 words) - 11:29, 30 July 2020
hirsute [glabrous], (trichomes often retrorse). Stems usually erect or ascending, rarely decumbent, usually branched, rarely simple. Leaves basal and cauline;
8 KB (583 words) - 12:21, 30 July 2020
by calyx, ovoid, 3–3.5 mm, 4/5–1 times as long as sepals. Seeds 7–15, dark-brown to black, suborbicular, slightly compressed, 0.6–0.7 mm, shiny, obscurely
7 KB (669 words) - 10:07, 30 July 2020
notched, glabrous or bordered by poorly defined velvety zone; pith light to dark-brown. Terminal buds globose to short-ovoid, not flattened, 3-5 mm. Leaves 12-29
7 KB (533 words) - 08:46, 30 July 2020
sheath cylindric, 5–28 mm, mouth usually tinged with dark purple, 0.9–1.4 mm wide Spikes 2–5; lateral spikes usually pistillate, inclined or pendent, 8–19
7 KB (596 words) - 02:12, 30 July 2020
Capsules spheric, 0.9–1.1 × 0.9–1.1 cm, tardily dehiscent. Seeds solid dark to golden brown, spheric, 10 × 10 mm; caruncle absent. 2n = 44 (Mexico). Phenology:
8 KB (512 words) - 18:19, 29 July 2020
irregularly, into 3, 2-toothed parts; carpophore absent. Seeds 8–16, dark red or brown, subpyriform, laterally compressed, smooth, marginal wing absent, appendage
8 KB (556 words) - 10:21, 30 July 2020
pubescent, adaxially dark green, glabrous or pubescent, midvein impressed adaxially. Inflorescences usually internodal panicles, usually from branchlets of
7 KB (514 words) - 13:08, 30 July 2020
stipitate-glandular basally; ovary similar in color to foliage. Capsules dark-brown or black, sometimes with purplish tinge, ± globose, 4–7 mm; pedicel spreading
8 KB (732 words) - 06:05, 30 July 2020
from scales, medium to dark-brown or stramineous, ellipsoid to obovoid, compressedtrigonous to thickly biconvex, lateral angles usually prominent, abaxial
8 KB (612 words) - 01:32, 30 July 2020
Phyllaries 20–30 in ± 3 series, (light green, midribs dark green to yellowish, margins green to light or dark-brown) ovate to lanceolate, abaxial faces tomentose
12 KB (1,053 words) - 20:44, 29 July 2020
Capsules nodding, winged, oblong, 2–3 cm, apex obtuse or acute. Seeds dark-brown, irregular. 2n = 20. Phenology: Flowering mid spring–mid summer. Habitat:
5 KB (445 words) - 05:34, 30 July 2020
narrower than inner tepals, often minutely verrucose. Achenes brown or dark reddish-brown, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm. 2n = 20. Phenology: Flowering late spring–summer
7 KB (827 words) - 10:06, 30 July 2020
straight, crowns narrowly round. Bark of young trunks and branches dark reddish-brown, in maturity tan, yellowish, or grayish, lustrous, smooth, irregularly
8 KB (841 words) - 08:33, 30 July 2020
capsules, dehiscence poricidal [indehiscent]. Seeds [6–] 20–40 [–60], dark-brown to black, oblong-ovoid [reniform], wings absent. x = 9. Introduced; Eurasia
9 KB (482 words) - 19:32, 29 July 2020
compact and stiff-stemmed with upswept branches; dark green and brown, dark chesnut brown, brown to blackish brown, often with bluish tinge when dry; forming
7 KB (673 words) - 06:46, 30 July 2020
distinguished by usually obovate leaves with broad, thick, and pigmented margins, and dark reddish brown exostomes. The capsule mouths are dark reddish brown; H. A
6 KB (469 words) - 07:41, 30 July 2020
apex obtuse, sometimes slightly mucronate. Staminate scales usually black or, rarely, dark-brown with green midvein and hyaline margins, oblongovate, 2–3
6 KB (503 words) - 02:06, 30 July 2020
rounded, glabrous; inner bracts, receptacular bracteoles dark gray, gray-green, or gray-brown, very lustrous, oblong to cuneate, obliquely keeled, 1.5
8 KB (637 words) - 00:56, 30 July 2020
Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants densely cespitose. Culms dark-brown to chestnut at base, surrounded by remains of previous year’s leaf-bases
9 KB (709 words) - 02:11, 30 July 2020
longitudinally elongate. Seta 3–5 cm. Capsule 2–3.5 mm, reddish-brown to blackish brown, sometimes with 4 or more indistinct angles or ridges, erect to
8 KB (721 words) - 06:46, 30 July 2020
solitary, diverging from the branch axes, ovate, glabrous, olive green to dark, glossy brown. Lower glumes absent; upper glumes as long as the lower lemmas, 5-7-veined;
6 KB (863 words) - 04:18, 30 July 2020
spreading and arching; branches spiraled, brown or maroon-purple, initially tomentose-strigose. Leaves usually semipersistent (persisting to April if sheltered)
8 KB (623 words) - 14:31, 30 July 2020
35–2.8 mm, distal margins usually toothed; costa percurrent to slightly excurrent. Seta usually red to dark-brown. Capsule usually inclined to horizontal
5 KB (601 words) - 06:59, 30 July 2020
1–5 (–10), 5–23 × 3–5 (–7) mm; scales bright (to very dark) orange, redbrown, or purplish brown to straw-colored, often prominently lineolate-spotted,
12 KB (1,153 words) - 02:02, 30 July 2020
tinged, or pinkish purple to reddish purple, sometimes with darker-pink, purple, or brown veins, slightly to moderately constricted above ovary, ± bent
14 KB (1,053 words) - 19:25, 29 July 2020
tan to brown, reddish, or black, irregularly or strongly-hooked, 20–55 mm; lateral spines (0–) 2 (–4) per areole, white, tan, red, or reddish-brown, usually
9 KB (942 words) - 09:23, 30 July 2020
petals dark reddish violet on both surfaces, lower 3 usually lilac, rarely white or whitish, lateral 2 bearded, with yellow patch basally, dark reddish
10 KB (798 words) - 11:16, 30 July 2020
Leaves: basal sheaths brown; sheaths of proximal leaves glabrous, fronts lacking spots and veins, apex U-shaped; blades usually amphistomic, 2.8–4 mm wide
8 KB (822 words) - 02:00, 30 July 2020
1–1.5 mm; filaments glabrous or sparsely pilose proximally. Achenes brown to dark-brown, 3-gonous, (1.5–) 2–3 mm, glabrous. Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz
10 KB (938 words) - 10:47, 30 July 2020
thin to moderately thickened; stamens 5–7. Achenes usually slightly exserted from perianth, dark-brown, ovate, (2–) 3-gonous, 1.5–2.7 (–3) mm, faces evidently
11 KB (1,088 words) - 10:09, 30 July 2020
page 148, 149, 150, 153, 155. Plants large, green to dark green, becoming brown to reddish-brown with age. Stems to 6 cm, sometimes matted with whitish
7 KB (911 words) - 06:46, 30 July 2020
(2–) 3, equal or subequal, glabrous or minutely rugose. Achenes brown or dark reddish-brown, 2.5–3.5 × 1.8–2.3 mm. 2n = 20. Phenology: Flowering late spring–summer
8 KB (808 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
tubercles absent, or 3, usually represented by minute swellings barely recognizable as tubercles. Achenes brown to dark-brown, 1.3–2.3 × 0.7–1.4 mm. 2n
7 KB (767 words) - 10:07, 30 July 2020
medium brown, 1/2 to equaling length of achene; anthers dark yellow to orange-yellow, 3.5–5 mm; styles (2–) 3-fid. Achenes dark to medium brown, color
8 KB (786 words) - 01:55, 30 July 2020
Perigynia green, occasionally dark purple in age, veinless or 5-veined near base, obovoid, 3.1–3.6 × 1.5–1.8 mm; beak slightly bent, dark purple, 0.5–1 mm, weakly
7 KB (634 words) - 01:23, 30 July 2020
hypophysis stramineous to dark redbrown when mature, 1.5 mm; columella exserted; operculum systylius, flat, apex obtuse but usually elongate; peristome inserted
6 KB (512 words) - 07:53, 30 July 2020
elongate, 3.5–8 × 2–5.5 mm; teeth 7–16, centers dark, margins white, prominent, not articulate, tip usually brown, long, filiform. Cone apex pointed; spores
4 KB (318 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
scales papery or membranous; styles 3-fid. Achenes dark-brown to often black, seldom yellowbrown, usually widest at apex, trigonous, smooth at 30X. Tubercles
4 KB (413 words) - 01:27, 30 July 2020
septicidal, densely packed with white, membranous hairs. Seeds 50–200, dark-brown [black], ovoid, wings absent. × = 10. Introduced; Fla., Mexico, Central
6 KB (333 words) - 19:22, 29 July 2020
4–20 cm; vernation circinate. Petiole dark-brown to black, rounded adaxially. Blade lanceolate to linear-oblong, usually 2-pinnate-pinnatifid at base, 1–4
6 KB (509 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
to short-creeping, usually 4–8 mm diam.; scales often uniformly brown but at least some on each plant with thin, poorly defined, dark, central stripe, linear-lanceolate
7 KB (500 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
rarely indented apically, usually surrounded by, rarely exserted beyond, anthers. Capsules erect, (15–) 30–100 mm, surfaces usually strigillose and glandular
15 KB (1,188 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
equaling filaments. Capsules dark-brown to black in distal portion, much shorter than tepals; (beak 0.3 mm). Seeds dark-brown, oval, 0.8 mm; caruncle about
5 KB (411 words) - 01:00, 30 July 2020
anthesis held well above ground, sessile; blade usually very strongly marked with at least 3 shades of dark green, bronze green, and purplish green, often
9 KB (744 words) - 05:29, 30 July 2020
more divided], bristly [or glabrous], glandless [or glandular]; setae dark reddish-brown [to transparent]. Veins simple or 1-forked [to pinnately veined] in
4 KB (390 words) - 00:34, 30 July 2020
anthers short-tipped. Capsules nodding, winged, oblong, 1–2 cm. Seeds dark-brown, irregular. 2n = 20. Phenology: Flowering spring. Habitat: Wooded slopes
5 KB (453 words) - 05:34, 30 July 2020
2-lobed. Capsules erect, 2-valved, dehiscing from apex [base]. Seeds many, dark-brown, reticulate-pitted, embedded in pithy septum, aril absent. x = 6. North
5 KB (225 words) - 08:38, 30 July 2020
green on back, brown-hyaline and usually red dotted on front, glabrous or often pubescent near apex; blades flat, 2.5–5.5 mm wide, usually less than 4 mm
9 KB (753 words) - 02:11, 30 July 2020
Association Stems long-creeping, 1–3 mm diam.; scales uniformly brown or slightly darker at base, linear-lanceolate, straight to slightly contorted, loosely
6 KB (467 words) - 00:29, 30 July 2020
conspicuous, apex acute. Perigynia ascending, yellow green, golden brown or if dark-brown with yellow margins, veinless, narrowly elliptic, 3.5–4 × 1.5–1
6 KB (524 words) - 02:03, 30 July 2020
obtuse or subacute. Anthers 1.3–1.8 mm. Perigynia light green becoming dark-brown and glossy, 1.5–2.2 × 0.7–1.1 mm; beak 0.2–0.4 (–0.5) mm. Achenes ellipsoidobovoid
5 KB (544 words) - 01:24, 30 July 2020
(–9) spikes pistillate; terminal spike gynecandrous. Pistillate scales dark-brown or black to margins, ovate or lanceolate, conspicuously shorter and narrower
6 KB (538 words) - 02:03, 30 July 2020
uniformly brown or with poorly defined, dark, central stripe, linear-lanceolate, straight to slightly contorted, loosely appressed, usually persistent
7 KB (498 words) - 00:26, 30 July 2020
Volume 2. Stems short-creeping, 4–8 mm diam.; scales uniformly brown or with poorly defined, dark, central stripe, linear-lanceolate, straight to slightly contorted
7 KB (487 words) - 00:28, 30 July 2020
FNA Volume 2. Stems short-creeping, usually 4–8 mm diam.; scales uniformly dark-brown or with poorly defined, dark, central stripe, narrowly lanceolate
6 KB (470 words) - 00:32, 30 July 2020
distal cyme 1–several-flowered, usually exserted; spathes solitary, bright green, without contrasting veins, pedunculate, usually distinctly falcate, (0.5–)
7 KB (428 words) - 00:57, 30 July 2020
ellipsoid, 10–12 × 7–9 mm, shiny, not glaucous; sepals prominent, erect. Seeds dark-brown, lanceoloid, 4 × 2 mm, symmetric, not flattened. 2n = 34 (Asia). Phenology:
9 KB (722 words) - 14:30, 30 July 2020
attenuate, nectaries absent; corolla rotate, petals yellow to cream, usually with dark to obscure maroon lines basally, asymmetrically obovate to broadly
8 KB (628 words) - 11:27, 30 July 2020
branches dark gray, sometimes with black patches; tips not or weakly spinescent; glabrous. Leaves: stipules absent; petiole base persistent, usually becoming
7 KB (627 words) - 13:58, 30 July 2020
shallowly laciniate; petiole 0.7–5.9 cm, usually glabrous; blade 0.8–2.1 × 1.2–3.1 cm. Peduncles 1.8–7.1 cm, usually glabrous. Flowers: sepals lanceolate,
7 KB (554 words) - 11:17, 30 July 2020
gibbous to usually elongated, 3–5 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers axillary. Capsules ovoid, 7.5–9 mm, glabrous. Seeds light to dark-brown; 1.7–2
7 KB (588 words) - 11:17, 30 July 2020
Stems usually 1, erect, sparingly branched, loosely tomentose, sometimes glabrate. Leaves loosely tomentose, soon glabrate; basal petiolate, usually absent
9 KB (673 words) - 20:02, 29 July 2020
punctate and/or transversely rugose (wrinkled) in proximal part. Achenes brown or dark-brown, 2.3–3.1 × 1.6–2.2 mm. 2n = 60. Phenology: Flowering spring–early
8 KB (849 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
Stems: branchlets usually ascending, sometimes divaricate, green to yellowish green during 1st year, soon turning yellowish-brown, slender, 0.5–1 mm diam
7 KB (612 words) - 13:54, 30 July 2020
triangular tip; tubercles absent, occasionally very small. Achenes brown or dark-brown, 5–7 × 4–6 mm. 2n = 40. Phenology: Flowering spring–early summer.
7 KB (713 words) - 10:05, 30 July 2020
Association Shrubs, usually forming thickets. Stems ascending to erect, 8–25 (–30) dm, densely to openly branched; bark often glaucous when young, dark reddish-brown
14 KB (1,196 words) - 13:53, 30 July 2020
Subshrubs, [shrubs], prostrate to erect; taprooted. Stems hairy, hairs usually stellate, sometimes intermixed with capitate-glandular and subsessile glandular-hairs
12 KB (659 words) - 11:22, 30 July 2020
persistent, not splitting, proximally dark red, distally stramineous or reddish, thinly papery, apex often red to brown, obtuse to subtruncate, slightly callose
9 KB (720 words) - 01:24, 30 July 2020
North America Association Plants 3–8 (–12) cm. Stems dark reddish-brown. Leaves green, reddish-brown, or black when old, erect-spreading, ± flat, not strongly
6 KB (435 words) - 07:40, 30 July 2020
America Association Plants 50–150 (–300) dm. Branches grayish brown or dark reddish-brown, glabrous; short-shoots of young plants often thorn-tipped. Leaves:
9 KB (909 words) - 14:34, 30 July 2020
monoecious, aquatic, often forming dense stands. Stems usually unbranched, to 6 m. Turions present, ± dark green, cylindrical, with gradual transition from foliage
14 KB (1,014 words) - 21:01, 7 June 2022
distal cyme usually vestigial, included, sometimes 1-flowered, exserted; spathes solitary, green, paler or whitish basally with contrasting, dark green veins
7 KB (544 words) - 00:54, 30 July 2020
grayish white to reddish-brown, scaly to smooth with furrows. Leaf-blade never lobed, margins entire or toothed, teeth if present usually spinose. Staminate
6 KB (454 words) - 08:31, 30 July 2020
10–30 × 6–10 mm, base usually truncate; scales usually tightly imbricate, medium to dark orangebrown, lineolate-spotted at 15X, usually 6–9 × 3–4 mm, papery
8 KB (762 words) - 01:53, 30 July 2020
midvein to the inner lateral-veins; upper lemmas 1.3-2 mm, apiculate, dark-brown at maturity; anthers 0.3-0.6 mm. 2n = 36, 54. Generated Map Legacy Map
8 KB (922 words) - 03:56, 30 July 2020
cm; spikes 3–12, usually unisexual; staminate spikes lanceoloid; pistillate spikes compact, ovoid. Pistillate scales dark reddish-brown to nearly purple-black
6 KB (623 words) - 01:51, 30 July 2020
branches. Bark dark gray-brown, shallowly fissured, inner bark orangish. Twigs dark reddish-brown, (1-) 1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds dark reddish-brown
7 KB (667 words) - 08:27, 30 July 2020
reddish proximally, greenish abaxially). Cypselae dark-brown to black, cylindric to fusiform (usually ± arcuate), not beaked, ribs 12–15, faces ± scabrous
7 KB (431 words) - 20:18, 29 July 2020
hairs; corolla rotate, petals lavender-pink or white, often with dark purplish spot, usually diamond-shaped, 5–15 mm, claw slender, equal to or longer than
6 KB (650 words) - 21:02, 7 June 2022
3-fid, or 3-fid and 2-fid. Achenes medium to dark-brown, beak paler, planoconvex to trigonous or biconvex, usually distally narrowed into a distinct beak, rugulose
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involucral-bract usually shorter than inflorescence. Spikelets usually few (3–9), 2–4 mm; fertile scales dark redbrown or dull brown. Flowers: stamens
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leaves per node proximally, 4–12 cm, usually shorter than inflorescence; blade linear to lanceolate; distal leaves usually slightly less than or equaling proximalmost
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xeric conditions. Inflorescences 10–150-flowered, usually congested, 1.5–8 cm; primary bract usually longer than inflorescence. Flowers: bracteoles 2;
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moundlike. Stems usually prostrate to ascending, rarely erect, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes; branchlets reddish to grayish brown, rigid, smooth to
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6–1 m. Stems erect to ascending, not rooting at nodes; branchlets green, brown, or reddish, not thorn-tipped, round in cross-section, flexible, ± appressed-puberulent
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Herbs, perennial, unbranched to usually sparsely branched. Roots tuberous. Stems erect to ascending. Leaves: blade
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lobes recurved, triangular-subulate, 0.6–1.5 mm; corolla dark-pink, with 2 yellow lines and dark purple spots in abaxial throat, 15–26 mm, throat pilose
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abaxially, dark reddish violet adaxially, lower 3 pale-yellow, cream, or ± white, lateral 2 bearded, with deep yellow to orange patch basally, dark reddish
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reddish-brown, smooth, in maturity creamy to chalky white or pale to (infrequently) dark-brown, readily exfoliating in paper-thin sheets; lenticels pale, horizontal
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forming open colonies. Stems erect, 1–8 (–15) dm, openly branched; bark dark reddish-brown, glabrous; infrastipular prickles single or paired, erect, subulate
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roots. Stems usually 1, erect, finely arachnoid-tomentose, sometimes villous with septate trichomes below nodes; branches 0–10+, slender, usually arising in
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FNA Volume 10. Herbs with branching, wiry basal shoots with crowded, often dark, scales. Stems many, erect or ascending, often densely clumped, slender,
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decumbent to ascending, usually branched, without noticeable ribs, glabrous or obscurely strigose distally. Leaves: ocrea brown, cylindric, 5–23 mm, chartaceous
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cm × 0.8–1.1 mm. Leaves: basal sheaths brown or light-brown; sheaths 1–40 mm; blades erect, ascending, or lax, dark green, midrib well developed abaxially
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growth sparsely pubescent, 1-year old mid to dark-brown; thorns on twigs recurved, deep brown, shiny young, usually stout, 2–4 (–5) cm. Leaves: petiole 1–2
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page 231. Mentioned on page 226, 232, 235. Plants in small cushions, dark green to brown. Stems 0.5–1 cm. Leaves oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 0.9–2 ×
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235, 236, 237, 243, 244, 245. Plants in hoary cushions, yellow-green to dark blue-green, sometimes almost black. Stems 1–1.2 (–1.5) cm, central strand
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absent. Spines (21–) 31–44 (–55) per areole, all snowy white, dark tips (tan to reddish-brown) on medium and large spines; radial spines (18–) 20–41 per areole
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Association Plants small to medium-sized, rusty brownish to yellowish (occasionally dark green). Stems 2–5 cm, yellow-green, erect, suberect, or creeping, regularly
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types, 2–3 mm or (5–) 6–8 mm, (1–) 1.5–3 cm apart; apical spine light or dark-brown to gray, subulate to acicular, 2–4 cm. Scape 2–6 m. Inflorescences paniculate
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mm. Achenes ovoid, fleshy or not; pericarp adherent, bright red to dark reddish-brown or greenish red, smooth. Seeds 0.7–1.2 mm in diam., margins rounded;
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in pairs; corolla bowl-shaped, petals lavender to purple, purplish red, or dark wine-red, often with red or purple spot near middle, tip, or base, 9–25 mm;
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5-7-veined, margins entire; upper florets olive, golden brown, or dark-brown. Caryopses 1.6-1.8 mm, brown. 2n = 20, 30, 40. Generated Map Legacy Map Tex., La
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light to dark-brown, ovoid to subglobose, 2.2–3.5 cm, apex apiculate, hispid with simple, yellowish-brown to reddish-brown hairs. Seeds brown to reddish-brown
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(6–) 10–35 cm, smooth-angled distally. Leaves: basal sheaths grayish brown to dark-brown, shredding into fibers; sheaths with hyaline inner band, apex not
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Volume 7. Treatment on page 712. Mentioned on page 701, 702, 704. Annuals; (usually glaucous distally), often sparsely to densely hirsute proximally, sometimes
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more erect, adaxial surface green, drying dark-brown (cuticle thin, finely papillate), mosaic of dark-brown and yellowish gray-green (cuticle forming mosaic
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times style length. Capsules dark-brown, less than 2.5 mm, slightly longer than tepals; beak absent. Seeds dark reddish-brown, cylindric, 1.2–1.6 mm; caruncle
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spikes 4–12 (–18), usually unisexual; staminate spikes lanceoloid; pistillate spikes ovoid. Pistillate scales reddish-brown to dark-brown, with narrow hyaline
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short-creeping, usually 3–7 mm diam.; scales usually bicolored, with broad, well-defined, dark, central stripe and narrow, light-brown margins, linear-lanceolate
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evergreen or subevergreen, to 10 m. Bark dark-brown, furrowed and exfoliating in long strips. Twigs reddish or grayish brown, 1-1.5 mm diam., short stellate-tomentose
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olivaceous, olive, golden, or rufous brown to blackish green distally, brown to blackish brown proximally, sometimes dark blackish green to black throughout
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length; stamens 3; anthers dark yellow to brown, 0.9–1.4 mm; styles 3-fid. Achenes falling with scales, stramineous, rarely dark-brown, ovoid to obpyriform,
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America Association Plants densely cespitose. Culms dark maroon at base; flowering-stems 25–60 cm, usually longer than leaves at maturity, 0.5–0.7 mm thick
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attached to shed achene, pale-brown, very stout, equaling achene; anthers yellow, 4 mm; styles 3-fid. Achenes grayish or dark-brown, often in patches, obovoid
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5–1 mm; tubercles normally 3, rarely 1, distinctly unequal. Achenes dark-brown or brown, 2.8–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm. 2n = 80. Phenology: Flowering late spring–early
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distinctly unequal), less than 2 times as wide as inner tepals. Achenes dark-brown or brown, 2.5–3.3 × 1.8–2.3 mm. 2n = 80. Phenology: Flowering late spring–early
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distal spikes usually reduced to 1–3 perigynia; terminal spike usually pistillate, also staminate. Pistillate scales light to dark-brown, distal margins
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finely tomentose, erect appendages decurrent on distal phyllary margins, dark-brown or black, scarious, fringed with slender teeth. Florets 30–40; corollas
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equaling or slightly exceeded by pistil-hairs, very dark to medium brown, much darker than (or sometimes as dark as) stigmas, irregularly spatulate, 0.6 × 0.1–0
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America Association Plants densely cespitose. Culms dark maroon at base; flowering-stems 25–80 cm, usually longer than leaves at maturity, 1–2 mm thick, glabous
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capsules of A. oligophylla turn dark brown or blackish, and corollas turn dark purplish or pinkish brown when dried. These dark structures contrast strikingly
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Stems short-creeping, usually 4–8 mm diam.; scales uniformly brown, linear-subulate, strongly contorted, loosely appressed
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Association Shrubs or trees, evergreen, usually moderate-sized, rarely large. Bark light or dark-brown, scaly. Twigs brown, turning gray with age, 1-2 mm diam
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ones dark chestnut, grading to light-brown and green on back, all bearing blades, sometimes very reduced in size on basal ones; sheath fronts brown-hyaline
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golden brown; capitulum usually large and flat with curved branches; green, yellow-green, or golden brown. Stems pale green to light-brown, rarely dark-brown;
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proximal 2 usually separated by more than 7 mm, with 3–10 perigynia; staminate spikes 4–15 × 0.7–1.3 mm. Scales: pistillate scales pale-brown to pale reddish-brown
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pistillate scales reddish-brown, ovate, apex obtuse, minutely ciliate. Anthers 1.3–1.4 mm; staminate scales dark reddish-brown, ovate, margins white, apex
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multiflorus, Calopogon oklahomensis, Calopogon pallidus, Calopogon tuberosus R. Brown in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 204. 1813. Douglas H. Goldman
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filaments olive or purplish brown, 2.5–5 mm, very slender, widened basally; anthers erect, straight or slightly incurved, olive-brown, 13–20 mm, ± slender, dehiscence
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diam.; scales often bicolored, with broad, poorly defined, dark, central stripe and narrow, brown margins, lanceolate, straight to slightly contorted, strongly
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Association Plants in loose tufts, dark to light green, dull. Stems 3–8 cm, densely tomentose below with reddish-brown rhizoids. Leaves falcate-secund, flexuose
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ascending, usually turning from grayish green to dull orangish brown toward end of 1st year, (sometimes later), glabrous or ciliolate. Leaves usually well developed
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Mentioned on page 226, 232, 233. Plants in dense cushions to hoary tufts, dark green to brown. Stems 0.3–0.5 (–1) cm. Leaves oblong-ovate, 1–1.7 × 0.4–0.8 mm, concave-keeled
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Herbs, perennial, cespitose, dark olive to blackish when dry, to 6 dm, not glaucous; roots conspicuously fleshy-thickened
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puberulent). Corollas usually pinkish to purplish, sometimes white, 3–5.4 mm, sparsely glanddotted, lobes triangular to deltate. Cypselae dark-brown to blackish
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conical protuberances near the joint, proximal segment yellowbrown to dark-brown, smooth, thicker than the distal segment, distal segment pale green to
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persistent, 25–45 (–60) cm, glabrous, striate. Leaves alternate, persisting, usually reflexed, occasionally spreading; stipules 0.1–0.3 mm; petiole 0.2–2.2 mm
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to irregularly wrinkled, dehiscence regularly circumscissile. Seeds dark reddish-brown to black, subglobose or lenticular, 0.8–1 mm diam., shiny, smooth
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least initially, 1-year old brown, older dull gray; thorns on twigs numerous, straight to slightly recurved, 2-years old dark gray, ± shiny, ± slender, 2
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3-lobed; cocci rounded, smooth, glabrous; columella 0.9–1.1 mm. Seeds dark-brown to blackish, subovoid, 1.6–2.2 × 1.5–1.9 mm, reticulate; caruncle elliptic
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somewhat spinescent, glabrous; petiole absent or nearly so; leaflets 8–16, dark green, linear-oblong to linear-spatulate, 5–15 × 2–3 mm, apex obtuse, coriaceous
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surfaces abaxially whitish green with scattered, yellowish-brown, resinous dots, strigose, adaxially darker green with large, stiff, bulbous-based conic hairs
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nonadherent, warty-smooth. Seeds round, 1–1.3 mm diam.; seed-coat dark reddish-brown to black (sometimes with light streaks), ± smooth. 2n = 18. Phenology:
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erect. Capsule straight and erect or slightly curved, orangebrown, dark reddish-brown at the mouth, elliptical, narrowed at the mouth, 2–3 mm, flattened
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oblong, equaling calyx, dehiscing by 6 teeth; carpophore 2–5 mm. Seeds dark-brown to black, reniform, ca. 2 mm broad, with concentric rings of small papillae
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Plants small to medium-sized, often distinctly rosulate, light to dark green, brown proximally with age. Stems 1–4 cm. Leaves 2.5–8.5 × 1–2 mm, lingulate
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m. Bark medium to dark gray or brownish, deeply split into narrow rough ridges. Twigs with distal edge of leaf-scar notched, usually deeply, not bordered
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internodes, densely, intricately branched, leafy; bark brown to gray or dark gray in age; short-shoots usually present, long-shoots rarely present; glabrous. Leaves
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purplish, filiform to distinctly clavate, 1.5-7 mm, usually rigid; anthers 0.5-1.5 (-2.1) mm, usually blunt or only slightly apiculate. Achenes numerous
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Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Plants dark green, yellowish-brown, or dark-brown, sometimes blackish tinged. Stems to 12 cm; branches short
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similar to abaxial, usually shorter, usually not hooked; adaxial central spine usually white (rarely gray, straw colored, pink, or reddish-brown), flat to angled
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glabrous or lightly scurfy-puberulent. Leaves usually all basal; petiolate (petioles narrowly attenuate, usually scurfy-puberulent, especially proximally);
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caudex branched, woody. Stems several–many, ascending from decumbent base, usually unbranched, slender, 10–40 (–70) cm, with short, fine, dense, retrorse or
11 KB (920 words) - 10:25, 30 July 2020
scattered orangebrown or dark-brown, stalked, stellate hairs proximally. Leaf-blades: margins often irregularly undulate, usually weakly 3-lobed or coarsely
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mm; style 1–1.5 mm. Capsules dark-brown, 3-locular, oblate to narrowly ovoid, 3–4 mm, nearly equal to perianth. Seeds dark amber, oblate to ellipsoid, 0
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Perigynia reddish black to dark brown distally, 1.5–2.5 × 0.9–1.2 mm; staminate scales 2–3 mm, reddish black or dark brown; plants densely cespitose, short-rhizomatous
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Epiphytic, usually on Taxodium, in swamps and well-lit hammocks Elevation: 0–30 m Generated Map Legacy Map Fla. Tillandsia × smalliana has usually been misdetermined
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perigynia, apex firm, obtuse or acute. Perigynia appressed, greenish to dark-brown, conspicuously 3–7-veined abaxially, inconspicuously veined adaxially
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conspicuous, leaflike, usually conspicuously exceeding inflorescence; bracts mostly inconspicuous; bracteoles clear or light to dark-brown, occasionally to 1/2
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inclined, flexed outward below base of spike, usually branched, smooth. Leaves several, erect; blades usually shortly exceeding spike. Spike nearly horizontal
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15–20 (–25) per areole, white with brown tips (quickly weathering to gray) or the adaxial spines per areole dark gray-brown throughout; all radial spines or
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or erect, branched, woody stems brown to gray-brown, herbaceous stems green to dark red, usually woody at base, usually glaucous, glabrous or loosely hirtellous
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scales purple-tinged or brown, apex awned or obtuse. Perigynia ascending to spreading, densely arranged, yellow-green to brown, 2.3–5 × 1.25–2.5 mm, minutely
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Twigs dark reddish-brown with distinct grayish cast, (1.5-) 2-3.5 (-4) mm diam., sparsely pubescent to almost glabrous. Terminal buds light-brown to reddish-brown
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ridges. Twigs brown to redbrown, 1.5-3 mm diam., glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Terminal buds light chestnut-brown to dark reddish-brown, ovoid to conic
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Leaves: basal sheaths brown; sheaths of proximal leaves glabrous, fronts lacking spots and veins, apex U-shaped; blades usually amphistomic, 2–4 mm wide
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on page 210. Mentioned on page 207. Shrubs, 5–35 dm, monoecious. Stems usually well branched distally, lepidote. Leaves clustered at branch tips; stipules
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yellowish-brown to reddish-brown. Capsule 2.5–4 mm, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, smooth to striate when dry, yellowish-brown to reddish-brown; operculum
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scales closely appressed, grayish, finely tomentulose; nut light-brown or dark reddish-brown, ovoid or oblong, 12-16 × 8-12 mm, puberulent or glabrate. Cotyledons
6 KB (522 words) - 08:23, 30 July 2020
2007). Flowers and hips are usually solitary and significantly larger than in most sympatric species, and sepal tips are usually conspicuously prolonged and
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Association Roots not proliferous. Stems erect or ascending, usually unbranched; scales dark-brown throughout, narrowly deltate, 2–3 × (0.2–) 0.5–1 mm, margins
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without noticeable ribs, brownish-hirsute on internodes. Leaves: ocrea brown to reddish-brown, cylindric, 6–12 mm, chartaceous, base sometimes inflated, margins
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weakly persistent, often deciduous through breakage not abscission. Seeds dark-brown, drying blackish, spheric, 1.3–1.4 mm, pitted. 2n = 22. Phenology: Flowering
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cells linear-oblong, 50 µm, pellucid, hyaline, cells across insertion usually vivid, dark red; distal cells ovate, rhomboidal, or narrowly rhomboid-hexagonal
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basal persistent, blade dark green, turning gray or yellowbrown when drying, veins not prominent, linear, 4–7 dm × 0.6–1 cm, usually longer than stem, glaucous
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to 10 m; trunks usually several. Bark when young dark reddish-brown, in maturity becoming grayish white, smooth, close; lenticels dark, horizontally expanded
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mm, obtuse to acute; lemmas 3-4.7 (6) mm, light-brown to dark green at maturity, without a basal dark spot, apices obtuse, acute, or acuminate, sometimes
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others grading from maroon to green on back with yellowish brown-hyaline front, streaked with dark red and pilose; blades flat, 2.5–4.5 mm wide, pilose on
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enlarged, and fleshy in fruit; stamens usually 1; stigmas 2, 0.5 mm. Achenes ovoid; pericarp adherent, dark reddish-brown, fleshy, smooth. Seeds round, 1–1
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Stems erect, arching, spreading; branches distichous, maroon, purple, or brown, initially tomentose-pilose. Leaves deciduous; petiole 2–4 mm, tomentose;
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perennial, green to dark olive when dry, to 5 dm, not glaucous; rhizomes elongate. Stems mostly simple, 2.5–4 mm wide, glabrous, margins usually entire, similar
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maturity, usually inconspicuously, occasionally prominently, longitudinally ribbed. Seeds 4–10, in 1 row distal to mid fruit, dark-brown or tan, dark-mottled
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decussate, (1.5–) 2–2.5 mm diam. Leaves usually with inconspicuous, shallow, pitlike, abaxial gland that usually does not produce drop of resin, often glaucous
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involucre; perianth usually pink to reddish purple, rarely white, 1 cm. Fruits dark grayish brown to reddish-brown (ribs and tubercles usually slightly paler)
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Wooton (1979), “clothed with coarse, strongly many-ribbed, brown, overlapping scales.” The brown scalelike leaves are produced very close together and are
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or red, plane, linear to oblong or ovate to obovate, 3.5-40 mm; petals usually absent (present in A. patens), distinct, plane, obovate to elliptic, 1.5-2
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patches of large gray to dark-brown cells, base obtuse, truncate, or rounded, margins entire and revolute, apex usually acute, sometimes obtuse or rounded.
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subequal, usually distinctly narrower and much shorter than inner tepals, smooth or weakly rugose. Achenes dark-brown, occasionally dark reddish-brown, 2–2
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dehiscence circumscissile near base, splitting from base toward apex. Seeds 1–50, brown or black, smooth or minutely sculpted, estrophiolate. x = 10, 11, 12, 13
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opaquely white, commonly with dark stripe on underside, often with contrasting black or brown spines in same areoles (rarely all brown or all white), aging gray;
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resin-gland-dotted; basal and proximal cauline petiolate, blades 10–25 cm, margins usually 1–2-pinnately divided into linear or oblong segments; mid and distal cauline
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spreading or reflexed in fruit, whitish, linear, to 5 mm. Drupes dark red to brown, 8–10 × 7–10 mm. Seeds oblong or curved, 4 × 3 × 3 mm. 2n = 196. Phenology:
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Peduncles 4.4–16.5 cm. Lowest petal 12–15 (–18) mm. Capsules 6–11 mm. Seeds dark-brown. 2n = 36. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jul. Habitat: Vernally moist slopes
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Capsules globose or ovoid, 3.5–4 mm, beaks divergent, not papillose. Seeds dark-brown, fusiform, 0.6 mm. 2n = 14. Phenology: Flowering Jun–Aug. Habitat: Subalpine
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prostrate to ascending peduncles. Capsules oblong, 8–10 mm, glabrous. Seeds dark-brown to black, 1.2–2 mm. 2n = 44. Phenology: Flowering Apr–Jun. Habitat: Hanging
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stipitate-glandular basally; ovary similar in color to foliage. Capsules beige to dark-brown, globose, 3–5 mm; pedicel ascending. Seeds globose to obconic, lacking
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spreading or reflexed, 1–3 mm. Corollas ± purple (rarely white). Cypselae dark-brown, 3–4 mm; pappus bristles brownish white or reddish, 2–3 mm. 2n = 18 (Italy)
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mm. Disc-florets 8–12 (–15); corollas ochroleucous or white. Cypselae dark-brown to blackish, oblanceolate, 3.5–5+ mm, faces ± scabrellous; pappi 1.5–3+
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diam. Capsules ovoid, 5.5–6.5 mm, beaks divergent, not papillose. Seeds dark-brown, asymmetrically ellipsoid or convex-fusiform, 0.5 mm. 2n = 14. Phenology:
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