Search results

pedicel 1 mm; perianth 35–48 mm, tube pale dull green, limbs greenish white or pale greenish yellow, often with 5 greenish stripes, 15 mm diam.; stamens (4–)

appearing before or with leaves, campanulate or cylindro-campanulate; sepals white or pale greenish pink to pale-pink, petaloid, equal to or shorter than petals;

threadlike; pedicel stiffly erect to leaning, 0.5–2 cm, or absent to much reduced. Fruits white or pale greenish, ovate, 1–1.5 cm, pulpy, moist but not juicy. 2n

obtuse, or rounded. Flowers usually 1 in axils of leaves; pedicel 1 mm; perianth 30–40 mm, tube pale dull green, limbs greenish white or pale greenish yellow

plagiotoma); petals 5, corolla white to pale greenish proximally, usually becoming green, white, yellow, orange, red, pink, or purple distally, tubular proximally

filaments magenta or basally white (rarely entirely white or greenish white), seldom contrasting with inner tepals and, if so, then paler; anthers bright

5–10, white, 1.2–5 mm. Fruits indehiscent (very rarely explosively dehiscent), white or cream to pale greenish [reddish], spheric to clavate or cylindric

"limb shape","lobe architecture or course","lobe arrangement or course or shape","lobe coloration","lobe height or length or size","longer petal arrangement"

pistillate portion ± globose at maturity. Scales translucent-white. Perigynia white, becoming pale greenish at maturity, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, ± inflated

leaf architecture or shape","basal leaf arrangement","basal leaf growth form or texture","base shape","blade architecture","blade size or width","blade width"

absent; pulp colorless to white, greenish, or pinkish; floral remnant persistent or deciduous. Seeds usually reddish-brown or black, sometimes yellowish

architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence","spine pubescence or relief"

to spreading, decumbent, or erect, infrequently absent, with or without persistent leaf-bases, glabrous or variously pubescent or glandular; caudex stems

fringed; inner tepals ca. 11–26 per flower, generally white, cream, pale tan, greenish white, or pale-rose-pink, midstripes usually ± sharply defined (sometimes

bracts lanceolate, 1.2–3 mm, glabrous or finely ciliate. Flowers: hypanthium white, pale greenish, greenish white, or cream, narrowly campanulate, 1.6–3 mm

(infrequently yellowish, pale greenish, brown, or bronze-white), medially green or white, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, ovate to ovatelanceolate, 1.6–3 (–3

reaching 1 mm; inner tepals usually white, cream, pale tan, greenish white, or pale-rose-pink, sometimes appearing pale orange proximally due to reflection

cupshaped, campanulate, or tubular; sepals greenish, white, yellow, pink, red, or purple; petals greenish, white, yellow, pink, red, or purple; nectary disc

individually subtend some or all of the florets) or epaleate (lacking paleae); epaleate receptacles sometimes bristly or hairy or bearing subulate enations

fertile, or functionally staminate; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes brown, greenish, maroon, pink, purple, or red, rarely white or whitish

usually yellow, orange, or white, sometimes green, margins entire, rarely fimbriate, corolla rotate, cupulate, campanulate, salverform, or funnelform; stamens

typically 3, erect, spreading, or recurved, distinct, red, purple, pink, white, yellow, green, or combination of these, ovate or obovate to linear, sometimes

usually glabrous. Flowers white, cream, green or greenish, pink, purple, reddish purple, blue, yellow, or orange, chasmogamous (some cleistogamous in P. crenata

obovate, or obdeltate to rhombic, 0.7–5 mm diam.; wool white, yellow, or tan to brown. Spines with whole epidermis sheath deciduous; major spines not or only

spreading or erect at anthesis, usually distinct or slightly connate basally, [connate for 1/3–2/3 their lengths], yellow, white, pink, purple, or reddish

architecture or shape","cauline leaf arrangement","cauline leaf arrangement or course or shape","cauline leaf orientation","cauline leaf prominence or shape"

rhizomes, simple or sympodially or monopodially branched, delicate to stout, or thickened as corms or pseudobulbs, or greatly reduced, sometimes proliferous

decumbent, or prostrate, simple, [woody], leafy; from horizontal or vertical, thick, fleshy or subligneous, shallow or deep-seated rhizome (caudex); or from

with simple or branched caudices, sometimes stoloniferous). Stems erect to ascending, decumbent, or prostrate, simple or branched, glabrous or hairy, sometimes

recurved, white, cream, or yellow (pink in S. sinensis); perianth parts distinct or sepals basally connate, connivent; lip lanceolate to ovate or pandurate

architecture or function or pubescence","branch architecture or pubescence or relief","branch fragility","branch relief","caudex stem architecture or arrangement"

present, some species stoloniferous or rhizomatous. Stems simple or branched, terete or sometimes angular. Leaves opposite or occasionally whorled, connate proximally

architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence","spine pubescence or relief"

brown, black, or appearing tan or whitish (dark testa completely covered by pale, tough, glabrous or rarely pubescent, tight-fitting aril or “funicular envelope”

length, monomorphic or dimorphic; stamens included or exserted; filaments glabrous or pilose proximally. Achenes various shades of brown, or black, not winged

neck; limb lobes erect or curved, equal to unequal in length and/or width, linear to oblong or deltate, often papillate at recurved or hooded apex; stamens

glabrous or pubescent; areoles usually elliptic, circular, or obovate, 3–8 (–10) × 1–7 (–10) mm; wool white, gray, or tan to brown, aging white or gray to

dark purple to pale-pink, white, or yellow (tubes glabrous or sparsely hairy, laminae spreading, reflexed, or drooping, linear to elliptic or obovate, abaxial

Bulbs solitary or clustered, dividing at base, or on rhizomes, reforming annually; outer coats generally brown or gray, smooth, fibrous, or with cellular

corollas yellow, sometimes greenish, rarely cream or pale-pink [white], often purplish or gray-striped abaxially (anthers yellow or yellow-cream, sometimes

plants, pistillate and bisexual on others; flowers usually yellow to greenish or white, rarely reddish; hypanthium well developed, resembling calyx-tube,

green, distally white, cream, or pale-yellow, sometimes pale greenish, pale yellow-green, or pale-yellow throughout, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 3–5

round or angular ribs separated by usually broad sulci, or ribs not well defined or not evident, obovoid, ellipsoid, or nearly globose, smooth or tuberculate

8–45 (–90); corollas usually white or whitish to cream, sometimes greenish, purplish or yellowish, throats mostly cylindric to narrowly funnelform (lengths

petals absent or (1–) 5, white, cream, yellow, orange, red, pink, or purple, often yellow, orange, or red-spotted; nectary disc present or not; stamens

obtuse or acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially chalky white or green to glaucous, pubescent or glabrous. Flowers protogynous, appearing with or before

pistillate scales greenish hyaline with 1-veined center, apex obtuse to acuminate or awned. Perigynia ascending or spreading, veined or not on both faces

hemispheric, 1–3 mm wide; sepals 5, spreading, greenish, greenish white, yellowish, yellow-green, orangish, or purplish, ovate-triangular to triangular, keeled

evident, apices acute, faces glabrous or gray, greenish, or yellowish tomentose, sometimes viscid, sometimes gland-dotted or stipitate-glandular; axillary leaf

persistent in fruit, (2-) 4-5 (-6), greenish white or cream to greenish yellow, sometimes pinkish or tinged with red, plane or ± concave, ovate to obovate, 3-6

spreading distally, greenish white or creamy white to yellow or pale orange, or pale orange suffused with pink, oblanceolate-oblong, spatulate or obovate, somewhat

proximally pale green, pale greenish yellow, pale-yellow, or reddish purple, distally white, yellow, pink, dull purple, or dull reddish purple, sometimes with

mm; beak pale, off-white, pale-yellow, green with margins off-white, or yellow, sometimes orange, 1–4 mm; abaxial lip pale-yellow; teeth white to green

green to pale-brown, rarely dull reddish-brown, distally white on apices, sometimes pale-yellow or pale pink-purplish on apices, rarely greenish or dull reddish-brown

epaleate, covered with tawny to white bristles or setiform scales. Florets 25–200+; corollas white to pink, red, yellow or purple, ± bilateral, tubes long

proximally greenish or dull purplish, distally pink, magenta, pink-purple, reddish-pink, pale-yellow, pale yellow-orange, pale orange, or white, rarely reddish

heads pale to dark, white, gray, or gray-brown, hemispheric to globose or short-cylindric; receptacle hairy or glabrous; involucral-bracts obscured or not

ovate to oblong-lanceolate, (3–) 4–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm; lip recurved, pale greenish to white, triangular-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2.5–7 × 1.5–3.5 mm; spur usually

2–32 mm, (glabrous or pubescent). Flowers (zygomorphic); calyx urceolate; sepals white, greenish white, cream, yellow, rose, purple, lilac, maroon, reddish

to nearly erect, green or red-tipped, equal, 0.5–1.8 mm, apex rounded to acute or mucronate; petals often coiled, white or pale-pink, oblanceolate, (narrowly

petals 8-many, spirally arranged or wholly or partially whorled, showy, white, pink, blue, or yellow, broadly lanceolate or ovate to obovate, grading into

red, magenta, orange, yellow, brownish, or greenish (rarely white), proximally a darker or contrasting color or similar to distal portion; ovary smooth

stipitate-glandular; abaxial lip proximally white or pink to deep purple, expanded part white throughout, or proximally white or purple, or green becoming light pink with

yellowish or greenish white, or purplish black, narrowly lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, sometimes each with greenish, yellowish, or purplish central vein

mucronate or aristate; filaments white, greenish white, or pink; anthers red, reddish purple, redbrown, or yellow; nectar scales white, yellow, or pink, reniform

cupulate, or campanulate, 1.5–5 mm, glabrous or pilose to tomentose; sepals 5, erect, triangular, often fleshy; petals 5, spreading, white [rarely pale-pink]

Inflorescences 3–17 × 1–3 cm; bracts greenish or pale yellow-green throughout, or proximally greenish or pale yellow-green, distally pale-yellow to whitish, sometimes

arising at or above mid length, apex acute. Calyces pale cream to pale greenish yellow, sometimes reddish violet to maroon on distal segments and/or with a

architecture or shape","cauline leaf arrangement","cauline leaf arrangement or course or shape","cauline leaf orientation","cauline leaf prominence or shape"

triangular to subulate or nearly acicular; petals (4–) 5, (imbricate), connate for 3/4+ their lengths, white [greenish white, pale-yellow, pink, or red], corolla

bright-yellow or white, rarely pink, 4–6 mm; abaxial lip pale to bright-yellow; teeth white, rarely pink or reddish purple. Phenology: Flowering Apr–Aug(–Oct)

bell, or funnel-shaped; sepals narrowly lanceolate-ovate, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, 4–10 mm (glabrous or ciliate); petals white, yellow, or yellow

all alike (unequal in R. rosea); petals erect or spreading, distinct, greenish, white, rose, dark red, or yellowish; calyx and corolla not circumscissile

bracts proximally greenish to dull purplish, distally pink to pinkish purple or pinkish red, sometimes yellow, pinkish white, red, or pale orange, (0–) 3–5-lobed

usually sinuate, often undulate, pubescent. Perianths pale-pink to deep pink or red-violet [greenish white], 6–8 mm. Fruits notably gibbous, 6–8 [–11] mm, usually

sometimes pink, magenta, pink-purple, yellow, greenish yellow, white, or salmon throughout, or proximally greenish, distally colored as above, lanceolate to

Subshrubs or herbs, annual (fibrous-rooted or taprooted) or perennial (rhizomatous), terrestrial or semiaquatic. Stems prostrate to decumbent or erect, terete

arrangement or course or shape","ridge architecture","ridge arrangement or course or shape","ridge pubescence","slender and or taproot size","slender and or taproot

Inflorescences paniculate, surpassing leaves, 6 dm. Flowers: tepals greenish white to pale-pink, 25–40 mm, limb lobes recurved, linear, 14–18 mm; filaments

rose, pale salmon, or dull light orange, rarely green, dull reddish, or dull orange throughout, aging browner and/or more orange, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate

entire or dentate to pinnatifid (leaves sometimes becoming spines, e.g., Tetradymia spp.). Heads homogamous (discoid) or heterogamous (disciform or radiate)

proximally greenish, distally bright-yellow, sometimes pale-yellow to pale orange, sometimes aging white to pink, narrowly to broadly lanceolate or oblong

"sepal fusion","side architecture or function or pubescence","side architecture or pubescence or relief","side architecture or shape","side pubescence","side

Subshrubs or shrubs, 5–350 cm. Stems erect to ascending, often fastigiately or intricately branched (bark typically tan, becoming white to tan or gray when

circumscissile, rarely so at or just proximal to sepal bases; sepals 4–5, spreading, yellowish, yellowish green, green, or greenish white to white, ovate-triangular

with lavender, pale-yellow flecked with red, orange-red, scarlet, pink, lavender, yellow-green flecked with violet-red, or greenish white with maroon distally

architecture or shape","pollen-grain pubescence or relief or texture","pollinium quantity","portion reproduction","pseudobulb size","rhizome growth form or orientation"

sprawling or twining over shrubs and trees, to 20 m or more. Bark gray-brown, flaking; pith tan, becoming dark-brown, continuous; young twigs pale-brown and

fruit maturity). Flowers: sepals green, 5-nerved, 2–6 mm; petals white, greenish white, or pale-pink, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 1.4–2 mm; filaments

obovate, or ovate, bases clasping or not, margins entire or dentate, abaxial faces mostly arachnose, puberulent, sericeous, strigose, or villous and/or stipitate

"sepal fusion","side architecture or function or pubescence","side architecture or pubescence or relief","side architecture or shape","side pubescence","side

adaxially yellow, pale orange to red-orange, reddish-brown, green, or white, 5–15 (–20) mm; abaxial lip yellow, white, red, deep red, red-violet, or green, colored

margin architecture or shape","caruncle presence","cymule architecture or arrangement or growth form","flower architecture or arrangement or growth form","gland

margins pinnately 3–7-lobed. Flowers: calyx 15–20 mm; corolla greenish white, white, or pale-yellow, 15–20 mm, lobes 5–7 mm, often marked with dark red (especially

spreading-recurved, greenish white to white or faintly to strongly pinkish tinged, deltate-ovate, 1–3.2 mm; petals connivent, erect, white to pink, orbiculate or flabellate

reddish-brown-tomentose to floccose or glabrous, grayish or greenish. Stems spreading or erect, often with persistent leaf-bases, up to 3/4 or more height of plant;

cm; bracts proximally greenish, rarely pink, distally pink, magenta, or purple, sometimes distally buff, dull yellow, cream, or light yellow-orange, ovate

globose; tepals distinct, white to cream or greenish white, often tinged pink or brown, broad to narrowly elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic or orbiculate, 3–6.5

branches spreading; twigs of current season pale green, glabrous or glabrate. Leaves: petiole 2–3 mm; blade greenish white, glaucescent abaxially, green to yellowish

ocreate fascicle, base not stipelike; perianth nonaccrescent, white, greenish white, pink, or purplish-pink, rarely red, campanulate, glabrous; tepals 5,

linear-triangular, 1–3.5 cm; peduncle 5 mm or shorter. Flowers 1 or 2, slightly recurved, 1.6–2.8 cm; perianth greenish white, tube campanulate, 3–4.5 × 6–10 mm

sometimes fibrous-rooted or taprooted. Aerial stems erect to decumbent, prostrate, or creeping, or absent. Leaves basal or cauline, palmately compound

awns uncinate, 0.2–0.5 mm. Flowers included; perianth greenish white to white or pale yellowish white, cylindric, 2–4 mm; tepals connate 3/4 their length

6-toothed, without membranous or scarious margins; awns equal. Flowers 1; perianth greenish white to white or pale yellowish white, glabrous; stamens 3, adnate

apex. Flowers bisexual; perianth campanulate or globose; tepals distinct, white or creamy white to greenish or purple-tinged, broadly lanceolate, 3.2–4.5

cm diam. Flowers pendent; perianth hemispheric; tepals distinct, pale greenish white, thin, 2.5–4.8 × 1.1–2.6 cm, apex acute; filaments 1.7–2.2 cm, pubescent;

reddish or greenish stripes). Cypselae light to dark-brown or reddish-brown, fusiform or cylindric, curved, distally narrowed and not beaked, or beaked

abrupt or not, entire structure recurved. Flowers small, borne beneath leaves; perianth rotate or campanulate; tepals deciduous, erect to spreading or recurved

presence","bark fragility","blade shape","bract height or length or size","flower architecture or arrangement or growth form","flower orientation","hair architecture"

current season pale green to light-brown, sparsely hairy. Leaves: petiole 1–2 mm; blade greenish white abaxially, green to yellowish green or reddish green

ovate; corolla greenish white, creamy white, or pale lavender, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate, tubular-funnelform, tube base not spurred or gibbous, throat

solitary, not in clumps, 20–45-leaved, 10–30 cm diam.; blade green or, rarely, pale greenish white, obovate to oblong-oblanceolate, 6–17 × 3–7 cm, 1–4 mm thick

usually pale-pink to pink-lavender, rarely white, veins not conspicuously whitened, 5–17 mm; staminal column 4–7 mm, hairy; anthers white to pale pinkish

yellowish white, pale-pink, or greenish white, tips narrow; ovary superior. Fruits baccate. Seeds 1–3. x = 9, 19, 20, 21, 33. Introduced; Africa, Sri Lanka Species

nearly globose or ovoid, 6–17 × 4.5–7 mm, base clavate or attenuate, apex rounded. Pistillate scales silvery pale green with pale or green midstripe,

reflexed or not, deltate, deltate-ovate, or deltate-lanceolate; petals 5 (–9 in G. glaciale), white to yellow, sometimes suffused with pink or purple, or purple-veined

2-pinnate, ternate, or finely dissected; ultimate divisions lobed or unlobed, margins entire or few-toothed. Inflorescences terminal and/or axillary, on current-years

30–50 (–65), greenish white, linear to broadly ellipsoid, flattened, 4–6.5 × 1.8–3.2 mm; floral scales (10–) 16–20 (–26), laterally clear, pale green, off-white

(glabrous or sparsely glanddotted). Florets 8–28 (–34); corollas pale-yellow, often purple-tinged, 5.5–7 mm. Cypselae 3.5–4.7 mm, glabrous or hirtellous;

corollas pale yellow-green or cream, often purple-tinged, 5–10 mm. Cypselae 3–7 mm, stipitate-glandular or hispidulous; pappi of 18–25 white, barbellate

(glabrous). Florets 11–22; corollas pale-yellow or cream, 4.7–6 mm. Cypselae 4–5 mm, silvery-setulose. Pappi of 25–34 white, plumose bristles. Generated Map

Flowering-stems simple or branched, erect (declining or semierect and obviously zigzag in I. brevicaulis and some of its hybrids), solid or hollow, terete or slightly

from blade, greenish to brown or rarely white, not ligulate, 0.2–2.2 cm, delicate to fibrous, rarely shredding at tip, apex obtuse; blade pale green to olive-green

Association Trees, to 35 m. Twigs pale green with darker olive mottling, terete. Leaf-blade ovate to elliptic, unlobed or 2-3-lobed (rarely more), 10-16 ×

(10) 20, anthers white to pink or red, sometimes cream; styles 3–5. Pomes pink, mauve, or pale green, sometimes scarlet, deep crimson, or purple, suborbicular

architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence","spine pubescence or relief"

annual or perennial, monoecious, procumbent and trailing or climbing; stems (annual, often sulcate or angled), hairy; roots tuberous or fibrous or a taproot;

red, purple, or yellow, darker or paler basally, base densely white-pilose-hairy; staminal column exserted, 5-angled, anthers crowded, pale-yellow, glabrous;

styles 3-fid. Achenes greenish or pale-brown or redbrown, often clearly spotted greenish or redbrown, ellipsoid to obovoid, trigonous (or terete?), angles prominent

inner tepals 20–30 per flower, greenish yellow or lemon yellow, 18 × 3–4.5 mm; anthers pale-yellow; stigma lobes ca. 5, pale green (requiring verification)

mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–22, laterally pale greenish white to stramineous or reddish-brown, medially pale green to yellowish green, laterally 2-ribbed

spreading, magenta or pink [white, yellow, or patterned with contrasting veins or transverse white band proximally and/or broad white margins and/or orange-red

8–10 dm; twigs green, glaucous, or yellow, ± angled, hairy in lines, often glabrous. Leaves deciduous; blade pale green or glaucous abaxially, dark green

cm diam.; sepals 5-9, spreading, white when fresh (pale-yellow to greenish white before anthesis), ovate to obovate or nearly orbiculate, 10-20 mm; petals

base truncate to deeply cordate or auriculate, apex acute to short-acuminate; surfaces abaxially chalky white or pale green to glaucous, pilose, adaxially

bright-rose-pink or magenta, often with darker midstripes and paler margins, 30–40 × 4.5–6 mm; outer filaments greenish white throughout or distally purplish-pink;

"pollen-grain architecture or shape","pollen-grain pubescence or relief or texture","portion reproduction","pseudobulb size","rhizome growth form or orientation","root

tomentose, or sparsely pubescent; teeth 5–8, 0.2–0.6 mm. Flowers (1.5–) 2–4 mm; perianth white or yellow, sometimes pink or rose, glabrous or pubescent;

biennials, or perennials, 5–80 cm (taprooted; scentless or nearly so). Stems 1–5+, usually erect or ascending, sometimes procumbent, branched or simple, glabrous

to triangular or linear; petals 5, distinct, white to cream, obovate to oblong-obovate, (15–) 20–greenish yellow, maturing yellowish or pale-brown, commonly

per areole, bright white, pale gray, or pale tan, weathering to gray or yellowish-brown, dark brownish orange to pale-brown or pale grayish pink tips present

acute, or long-acuminate, sometimes with aristate appendage; filaments yellow; anthers yellow; nectar scales greenish yellow or yellowish white, reniform-subquadrate

proximally greenish, dull, deep purple, or reddish purple, distally pink, pink-purple, magenta, deep rose, crimson, cream, or white, sometimes red, pale orange

Plants perennial or annual, sometimes with spikelets proliferating or some culms arching or decumbent and rooting at tips. Rhizomes present or absent, without

tinged, conspicuous pale commissures absent; lobes ovate-triangular, 1/2 to equaling tube, herbaceous; petals creamy white, often greenish abaxially, rarely

to white, sometimes yellowish white or reddish, cottony-crisped hairs usually dense, glands absent or obscured, adaxial dark green to grayish white or

Flowers: inner tepals pale-yellow to greenish yellow, sometimes tipped red, narrowly obovate, 5–8 mm, acute, apiculate; filaments greenish yellow; anthers yellow;

yellow or orange, sometimes white, pink, or reddish. Cypselae monomorphic or dimorphic, yellow, brown, green, red, and/or black, subcylindric or fusiform

× 1–2 mm, tomentose to floccose or glabrous; teeth 5, erect, 0.4–0.7 mm. Flowers (2–) 2.5–3.5 mm; perianth white or pale-yellow to yellow, glabrous; tepals

lobes vestigial or absent, glabrous; corolla pink, bronze-pink, or greenish white, globose, sometimes urceolate, 5–7 × 4–5 mm, thin, glaucous; filaments

hypanthium patelliform, 0.5–2 × 2–4 mm; sepals (1.2–) 1.5–4 mm, acute; petals white or pale-yellow, oblanceolate to narrowly spatulate, 1.5–2.5 mm; stamens 5, filaments

arrangement or shape","petal quantity","petiole architecture or function or pubescence","petiole presence","plate architecture or pubescence or relief","plate

"perianth size","petal height or length or size","pollinium pubescence or texture","pollinium quantity","rhizome height or length or size","root texture","sepal

cm; bracts proximally greenish, dark purple, brownish purple, or white, distally pink, lavender, magenta, light purple, or white on lobe apices, lanceolate

Phyllaries (pale green) ovate, midvein wings uniform or highest at apices. Corollas white or greenish, 8–10 (–11.5) mm. Cypselae fusiform or clavate, 4–5

creamy white, yellowish white, or pale-yellow, elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, cucullate, 5–9 (–11.5) mm, apex abruptly pointed; filaments pale-yellow;

base architecture or arrangement or growth form","blade base life cycle","blade base shape","bulb coat architecture or coloration or relief","cauline leaf

scales deciduous, (8–) 16–36 (–42), spreading, laterally whitish, greenish, or pale brownish, medially green, weakly 7–9-ribbed, laterally weakly 1–2-ribbed

purplish or green, with pale commissures; lobes lanceolate, 2–5 mm, apex obtuse with broad-membranous margin and tip; corolla white, greenish white, or pink

outermost tepal margins entire; inner tepals white, greenish or cream to pale-pink, with tan, pink, greenish, or brownish midstripes, 11–19 × 2–2.5 mm; stigma

twisted or undulate, sometimes flat, linearlanceolate to lanceovate or oblong, 24–97 × 3–12 mm; lip rather pale to deep yellow, very rarely white, rarely

tepals pale to bright-yellow throughout, 20–30 mm diam.; filaments yellow to orange; anthers pale-yellow to cream; style and stigma lobes white. Fruits

leaf architecture or shape","basal leaf arrangement","basal leaf growth form or texture","base shape","blade architecture","blade size or width","blade width"

cm; tepals slightly ascending to long-spreading, greenish white, 8.8–16 cm × 4.5–9.5 (–11) mm; corona white with faint green proximal eye, funnelform, gradually

abruptly attenuate, signal a pubescent, greenish or greenish yellow patch surrounded by heavily veined purple on white at base of blade; petals lanceolate

height or length or size","cavity position","culm architecture or arrangement or growth form","flower reproduction","inflorescence position or structure

brown to greenish (or bone-white), pyramidal, trigonous or cross-section planoconvex, 0.3–0.7 (–1) × 0.3–0.6 (–0.9) mm, distinctly shorter or narrower

mm; abaxial lip proximally green or purple, distally white, purple, yellow to greenish yellow, cream, orangebrown, or reddish, ± inconspicuous, slightly

filaments white, slightly shorter than anthers, slender; anthers straight, pale-yellow, 2.5–11 mm, thin, dehiscence introrse; ovary greenish white, ± globular

8 m, 0.5–4 cm diam. Flowers pendent; tepals distinct, white, creamy white, or light greenish white, lanceolate to elliptic, 3–5 × 1–3 cm, mostly pubescent

petals [0, 4] 5, white becoming pink then red [greenish white, yellow, orange, or purple], ovate to slightly obovate, [sometimes narrowly so, or suborbiculate]

anthesis, white to greenish white, sometimes purple veined, 4–8 mm; filaments glabrous or hairy. Berries green, yellow-green, yellow, purple, or black, often

"pollen-grain architecture or shape","pollen-grain pubescence or relief or texture","portion reproduction","pseudobulb size","rhizome growth form or orientation","root

peduncle 10–30 mm; primary branches 0.5–2.5 mm; bracts greenish white to white, occasionally red-tipped or red-tinged, ± equal, ovate, 5–15 × 5–15 mm, apex acute

foliaceous bracts; petals white; stamens 150-250; filaments pale-yellow; pistil 3-5-carpellate. Capsules ovoid, ellipsoid, or lanceoloid, 35-55 × 9-15 (-18)

13–34 per flower, ascending or recurved only at tips, pale dull creamy yellow or pale greenish tan to pale yellow-orange or pale apricot, usually with well-defined

margins usually entire or subentire, rarely glandular-serrate, abaxially glabrous; stamens (10 or) 20, anthers pale-pink to bright rose or dull purple, sometimes

11–18 mm; filaments greenish white, 1.5–2 mm, basally dilated; anthers erect, straight, yellow, 9–16 mm, dehiscence introrse (or appearing lateral); connectives

green, oblanceolate, 12–18 × 2–4 mm; lip light yellowish green to pale greenish white, streaked with green, obovate, 11–16 × 4–5 mm, lateral lobes narrowly

shrubs, or trees, (rhizomatous or not). Stems erect (and/or creeping, prostrate in R. groenlandicum, R. lapponicum, R. tomentosum); twigs hairy or glabrous

spreading; twigs of current season pale green, densely hairy, sessile-glandular. Leaves: petiole 2–3 mm; blade greenish white, glaucescent abaxially, dull green

wide; sepals 5, spreading, pale green, ovate-triangular, keeled adaxially; petals 5 [rarely 0], white to yellowish or greenish, hooded, spatulate, clawed;

(rarely minutely hairy along midvein). Flowers: calyx greenish, glabrous; corolla white tinged with pink or red, ± urceolate, 4–6 mm; filaments ciliate. Berries

5–25 × 1.5–4 cm; bracts proximally greenish, distally red, orange-red, or pale orange, rarely yellow, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate to oblong, (0–)

and outer tepals minutely toothed or denticulate or entire and undulate; outer tepals brown midstripes with pale or white margins, oblanceolate, 8–20 × 3–6

petals usually pale-purple, sometimes almost white adaxially, lateral 2 and lowest purple-veined, lateral and upper 2 violet abaxially, white basally, lateral

architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence","spine pubescence or relief"

blue to blue-violet (white in forma albispiritis); floral-tube funnelform, 1.2–1.5 cm; sepals blue or pale violet with flecks of white and lines of deeper

villous abaxially, outermost one 2-lobed or 3-lobed apically. Flowers: perianth white to pale-yellow, becoming rose or red in fruit, 1.5–2 mm, minutely pustulose

conspicuous, convolute, free from blade, white to green, not ligulate, 3–8.1 cm, fibrous, shredding at apex; blade pale green, rarely olive green, linear-lanceolate

arching, mounding, or creeping, rarely decumbent, ascending, or scrambling, rooting or not at nodes or tips, terete or angled; prickles absent or sparse to dense

Flowers 1–3 per involucre; perianth white to pale-pink, 0.6–0.9 cm. Fruits grayish to greenish brown (ribs usually paler), narrowly obovate and tapering at

distinct, purplish white, subulate, short, 2–6 mm, ± fleshy. Fruits baccate, greenish white, subglobose, weakly 6-winged, 1–5 × 1 cm, pulpy or mealy, not juicy

mm; distal spikelet spreading or ascending; floral scales (1–) 3–8, pale greenish white to golden brown, deep brown, or reddish-brown, medially usually

1841 ,. Reid V. Moran Common names: Air or life or curtain or Mexican love plant live or good-luck or miracle or sprouting leaf floppers mother-in-law Basionym:

stout (1–2cm thick), greenish, aging deep gray-brown to near black, rough. Buds conic-ovoid, pale-brown, to 2.5cm; scale margins white-fringed. Leaves mostly

red, blue, or lavender. Seed-cones maturing in 2 (–3) years, shed early or variously persistent, pendent to ± erect, at maturity conic or cylindric, sessile

rounded-apiculate; petals erect-spreading, not recurved or only in distal 1/2, white (rarely pale-pink), usually with dark madder-purple flecks, rarely almost

inflorescences of Castilleja ornata have pale greenish bracts with white apices when young, but the apices often become pale pink to dull reddish with age. Its

(circinate) to erect, connate basally, pale green or white, not lobed, 4–10 mm, uniformly thin; pedicel deflexed or recurved, rarely erect, angled, 2–4 (–5)

3–5 cm; peduncle 4 cm or shorter. Flowers 1 on short pedicel, or 2–7 per cluster, erect, 3.5–4 (–4.5) cm; perianth greenish white to yellowish green, tube

with pale-brown, stout roots. Leaves opposite or mostly alternate, sessile or short-petiolate, becoming scarcely smaller distally; blade green or yellow-green

petals 5, distinct nearly to base, [cream] pale-yellow or white with [darker and brighter] yellow [greenish] center, oblong-ovate, abruptly acuminate apically

"sepal fusion","side architecture or function or pubescence","side architecture or pubescence or relief","side architecture or shape","side pubescence","side

Flowers: receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, white or pale-yellow, 6-13 × 3-6 mm, glabrous; petals 8-12, greenish, 2-4 × 0.6-1.6 mm. Heads of achenes ovoid

widest at or just above middle, ± thick-textured, base cuneate, margins entire, ± flat, apex rounded to acute; stamens erect, greenish white, 15–25 mm;

rounded, obtuse or rarely acute, midribs keeled. Flowers: perianth bristles 3–7, incurved, colorless, white, or redbrown, shorter than or equaling achene;

architecture or function or pubescence","branch architecture or pubescence or relief","branch fragility","branch relief","caudex stem architecture or arrangement"

mucronate to acuminate or long-acuminate. Flowers stellate to ± campanulate, 5–8 mm; tepals spreading to ± erect, white to pink or pale lavender with darker

violet, rarely white; floral-tube constricted above ovary, 1–2 cm; sepals spreading and arched, pale blue to purple with darker blue or purple lines, obovate

mm, pistillate 3–5 mm in flower to 20 mm in fruit. Staminate flowers greenish white; sepals lanceolate, acute, 2 mm, hairy; stamens whitish; filaments 1

11–15 per areole, white, 11–21 mm; central spines 3–7 per areole, nearly porrect, brownish black aging to pale gray or white, straight or slightly curving

many; corollas white, pink, or pale-purple, those of sterile florets slender, 15–20 mm, those of fertile florets 15–20 mm. Cypselae white or brown-streaked

Association Trees single or multistemmed, 10–15 (–20) m; bark green with paler greenish white vertical stripes, becoming gray or chalky white, smooth. Leaves:

truncate to deeply cordate or auriculate, apex acute to short-acuminate or obtuse; surfaces abaxially chalky white, sometimes pale green to glaucous, pilose

3–0.8 mm wide, smooth; beak pale green or brown at tip, flat, 0.7–1.6 (–1.8) mm, ciliate-serrulate, abaxial suture with white or hyaline golden brown margin

1/2 length, yellow or orange-yellow [white or pale orange], oblong to ovate-oblong or obovate-oblong, 1.5–2 [–3.5] mm, glabrous or villosulous, corolla

architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence","spine pubescence or relief"

20–40-flowered; peduncle 13–30 mm; primary branches 0–2 mm; bracts greenish white or white, often red-tipped, unequal, 2 ovate, 21–30 × 12–13 mm, 2 suborbiculate

apex obtuse to emarginate-erose; lip centrally yellow to yellowish or greenish white, ovate to ovate-oblong, 5–7 × 3.8–4.9 mm, apex truncate, obtuse to

quantity","margin architecture or shape","nectary presence","ovule quantity","pedicel presence","petiole height or length or size","pistil architecture","pistil

sepals 5, (glaucous), 1–1.2 mm, glabrous, sessile-glandular or not; petals 5, corolla greenish white, campanulate-conic, 3–5 mm, lobes deltate, ca. 1 mm; filaments

yellow, greenish abaxially, 10–11 mm. Cypselae pale-brown, fusiform, 6–7 mm, beaked, beaks pale (lengths nearly 2 times bodies), ribs 10; pappi white, 3–4

45–60; corollas pale-yellow or cream, often purple-tinged, 8.5–14 mm. Cypselae 8.5–10 mm, sericeous, glanddotted; pappi of 42–44 white, barbellate bristles

Florets 18–24; corollas pale yellow-green or greenish white, 5–6 mm. Cypselae 2.5–3 mm, strigose; pappi of 30–35 white, smooth or barbellulate bristles.

elongate, dense, erect or somewhat curved spike. Flowers: buds erect, weakly quadrangular, with free tips terminal or subterminal, erect or spreading; floral-tube

(glabrous). Florets 15–24; corollas pale yellow-green or greenish white, 5–6.5 mm. Cypselae 2–3 mm, strigose; pappi of 30–35 white, barbellulate bristles. 2n =

involucral cluster; perianth white or pale yellowish to rose or red, broadly campanulate when open, narrowly urceolate when closed, smooth or minutely pustulose

× 0.5–1.2 (–2) cm, densely white or rufous-tomentose abaxially, thinly tomentose, sparsely floccose, or glabrous and greenish adaxially, margins slightly

shoots 2–8 cm. Flowers: sepals 3 mm, apex acute; petals white, greenish or creamy white, or pale orangish, 6–9 × 2.4–3.8 mm; anthers 1.2–1.5 mm. 2n = 60

bracteoles absent. Flowers: sepals 5, outer 2 greenish yellow, inner creamy white; petals (0-) 2, white, ovate to obovate, 3 mm, long-clawed; nectary absent;

oblong-triangular, or depressed-ovate, margins entire or sinuate, sinuate-toothed, sublobulate-dentate, or coarsely dentate, surfaces eglandular or gland-dotted

scales green or white, ovate to oblong, 1.5–3 × 1–1.6 mm, margins connate near base or for entire length, enfolding scales above, white or with brown subapical

eciliate or ciliate with bristles to 0.4 mm. Pedicels ascending, 0.5–2.3 mm. Flowers 4–14 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish white to pink

often whorled, green with diffuse greenish white to mauve near base, similar in shape and size to distal leaves or slightly narrower; dichasial bracts

pistillate flowers pale green to greenish white, ovaries 1-locular; ovules 1–4; staminate portion of spadix white, cream white, or pale-yellow; sterile flowers

25–60. Perianth: tube pale rose proximally to greenish distally, 15–25 mm, limb white, 7–12 mm diam. Fruits winged, broadly obdeltate or cordate in profile

connectives brownish, barely extending beyond anther sacs; ovary pale greenish white basally, purplish distally, ovoid, 6-angled, 5.5–10 mm; stigmas erect

lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 3–4 mm, shorter and narrower than perigynia, margins white-hyaline, apex acute to obtuse. Perigynia appressed, pale-yellow or golden

brown or greenish, often white-hyaline at tip or base, with pale or green midstripe, narrowly to broadly ovate, 3.4–5 mm, length and width less or greater

"spine architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence or relief","surface

abaxial lip purple or pink, sometimes pale-yellow, distally sometimes white, 3.5–6 mm, 75–100% as long as beak; teeth white or pale-yellow. Phenology:

Flowers: inner tepals pale-yellow to greenish yellow, spatulate, 15–20 mm, apiculate; filaments yellow; anthers yellow; style off-white; stigma lobes yellowish

arrangement or shape","inflorescence architecture or arrangement","inflorescence position or structure subtype","lateral cleft coloration or size","lateral

per areole, snowy white or gray, except inner central spines pale-yellow or tan proximally, reddish-brown to nearly black in distal 1/2 or more; radial spines

architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence","spine pubescence or relief"

Flowers pendent; perianth campanulate or rarely globose; tepals distinct, cream or greenish, often tinged rose or rosy brown, narrowly elliptic to broadly

"spine architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence or relief","surface

cm. Flowers: sepals 3.5–4.5 mm, apex obtuse or rarely acute; petals white, greenish or creamy white, or pale orange suffused with pink, 6–9 × 2.4–3.8 mm;

full sun), unlobed, suborbiculate, orbiculate, spatulate, or obovate, or cuneate to linear pink, or rose to pinkish lavender; stamens 5, usually connate basally;

"leaf architecture","leaf architecture or shape","leaf arrangement","leaf atypical quantity","leaf height or length or size","leaf shape","lowest petal prominence"

campanulate; tepals distinct, greenish white, elliptic to ovate, 5–6.5 × 2–3.2 cm; filaments 1.8–3.2 cm; pistil 3.2–4 cm; style white, 13–20 mm; stigmas lobed

beak margins white and often also deep purple or redbrown, or yellowish; abaxial lip with 1–3 of the colors green, purple, white, cream, or rose red, as

mm thick; bark pale. Stems erect, diffuse; branches alternate, numerous, horizontal or distally ascending, terete, 1.5–4 dm, densely white farinose when

268, 293. Herbs or shrubs, annual or perennial, monoecious or dioecious, often with bladderlike hairs that collapse to form silvery or scurfy (mealy) vesture

apiculate; filaments yellowish or yellow-green; anthers yellow; style white to yellowish; stigma lobes whitish, yellowish, or pale green (rarely pink tinged)

colonies, acaulescent or short-caulescent; rosettes usually small, asymmetrical or symmetrical. Stems to 0.3 m. Leaf-blade pale green, linear or spatulate-lanceolate

architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence","spine pubescence or relief"

highest at apices. Corollas white or greenish, sometimes tinged with purple, 7–8 (–9.5) mm. Cypselae fusiform or clavate, 4 mm (dark-brown, 6–8-ribbed); pappi

(tips obtuse). Corollas white or greenish, 8–9 (–10.5) mm. Cypselae fusiform or clavate, 4–5 mm (dark-brown or purple, 4–5-ribbed); pappi 6–8 mm. 2n = 50. Phenology:

corymbiform or paniculiform arrays. Peduncles 4–30 mm, pubescent. Involucres cylindric or obconic, 7–12 mm. Phyllaries 30–40 in 5–7 series, greenish, 4–5-striate

apex acute or obtuse. Inflorescences 2.5–14 × 1–4 cm; bracts greenish to pale-yellow or reddish-brown throughout, or proximally greenish to dull reddish

corollas pale yellow-green, often purple-tinged, 4.5–6 mm. Cypselae 2.5–5.3 mm, mostly velutinous, sometimes pubescent; pappi of 27–32 white, usually plumose

spreading, linear or narrowly oblong, apex rounded to acute. Inflorescences 2–19 × 1.5–5 cm; bracts proximally pale greenish to greenish gray, distally bright

architecture","blade margin architecture or shape","blade margin shape","flower architecture or arrangement or growth form","fruits capsule dehiscence"

13–22; corollas pale-yellow or cream, often purple or red-tinged, 6–8 mm. Cypselae 2.8–4 mm, densely pubescent to hirtellous; pappi of 35–60 white, barbellulate

red-orange throughout, sometimes pale green, yellow, magenta, pink-purple, or white throughout, or proximally pale greenish to straw colored, distally colored

(glabrous). Florets 8–14; corollas pale green or yellow, 5.5–6.5 mm. Cypselae 4.5–5 mm, densely pubescent; pappi of 24–30 white, usually barbellate, sometimes

Florets 20–24; corollas pale-yellow or cream, often purple-tinged, 6.2–7.5 mm. Cypselae 3.5–5 mm, hispidulous; pappi of 18–24 white or tawny, barbellate bristles

rarely greenish, 7–10 mm; abaxial lip pale green to yellowish, reduced, 0.5–1.5 mm, 7–17% as long as beak; teeth reduced to apiculations, pale green to

to pink-purple, sometimes green; anthers pale-yellow; style white or pink to purple distally; stigma lobes white to cream. Fruits rarely proliferating, yellow

lanceolate (glabrous). Florets 19–24; corollas pale-yellow, 8–9.5 mm. Cypselae 3.5–4 mm, hirsute; pappi of 26–42 white, barbellate bristles. 2n = 18. Phenology:

entirely pink to red), 30–40 mm; filaments greenish basally, pale-yellow to white distally; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes green to yellow-green.

blade; blade filiform, 30–50 cm × 1–2 mm, glandular trichomes pale green, drying pale greenish brown. Inflorescences 4–12 (–24) -flowered; scapes 25–60 cm

acuminate). Florets 8–12; corollas pale yellow-green, 5.5–8 mm. Cypselae 2.5–3.5 mm, puberulent; pappi of 24–30 white, barbellate bristles. 2n = 18. Phenology:

mats; capitulum ± compact and with a strong terminal bud; pale green to greenish white. Stem pale green; superficial cortex of 1–2 layers of thin-walled and

prominence or shape","seed presence","spine architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine prominence","spine relief or texture"

pendent; perianth campanulate; tepals distinct, white to somewhat greenish white, usually tinged pink or purple, broadly lanceolate, 3–4.7 × 1.5–3 cm; filaments

apex acute to acuminate. Anthers early deciduous or short-persistent. Perigynia ascending, greenish or pale gold to brown, conspicuously (0–) 4–9-veined abaxially

architecture or relief","stamen height or length or size","stem orientation","stem position","stem quantity","stipule architecture or function or pubescence"

arrangement or shape","inflorescence architecture or arrangement","inflorescence position or structure subtype","lateral cleft coloration or size","lateral

cellular reticulation or cells arranged in only 2–3 rows proximal to roots, ± quadrate, without fibers; inner coats pale-brown to white or pink, cells obscure

5-6, purplish; stigmas reddish, with white pubescence. Samaras light greenish brown, elliptic to obovate with blunt or rounded tip, 1.5-2.5 × 1-1.8 mm, broadly

rounded or cordate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse; veins 1–51. Inflorescences spikes or panicles of spikes, submersed or emersed, capitate or cylindric;

simple, petiolate or sessile; (middle ones) shortly petiolate or (distally) sessile, base not auriculate; blade ovate to oblong, or oblong-linear to lanceolate

architecture or arrangement or growth form","flower duration","flower part life cycle","flower shape","flower tube fusion","flower tube height or length or size"

"branch architecture","branch architecture or function or pubescence","branch architecture or pubescence or relief","branch fragility","branch location"

reddish-brown, greenish brown, or with creamy yellow tones, very rarely pale lemon yellow forms occur, twisted (but not spiraled), linearlanceolate or oblanceolate

inner tepals pale-yellow with narrow reddish midstripes, 15–22 mm; filaments pinkish or greenish to pale-yellow; style whitish to pale-yellow or dull pinkish;

suffused with maroon or rose, spatulate, 20–23 mm, emarginate-apiculate; filaments greenish white or yellow, sometimes suffused with bronze or rose, but not red;

abaxial green or pale green to white, usually not glaucous, long hairs sparse to abundant (sometimes mostly on veins), short-crisped hairs absent or sparse to

"throat height or length or size","throat shape","throat size","tooth architecture or shape","tooth shape or architecture","tube length or size","tube shape"

architecture or arrangement or shape or vernation","petal architecture or shape","pollen architecture or fragility","pollen pubescence or relief or texture"

anthers yellow; nectar scales yellow to orange, rarely pale-yellow to greenish white, square or ± square. Carpels widely divergent in fruit, connate basally

(–65), greenish white, linear to linearoblong, (3–) 4–12 (–15) × 1.5–2.5 mm; floral scales 10–50 (–65), laterally pale-yellow, light-brown, or reddish-brown

lanceolate, apex acute or obtuse. Inflorescences 2–14 × 1–3.5 cm; bracts proximally greenish to greenish brown, distally pale-yellow, cream, or yellow-green, sometimes

more, greenish yellow to reddish green, cylindric or narrowly to broadly campanulate, not ventricose,1.5–3 mm, faintly corrugate, without scarious or membranous

"pollen-grain architecture or shape","pollen-grain pubescence or relief or texture","portion reproduction","pseudobulb size","rhizome growth form or orientation","root

architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence","spine pubescence or relief"

free from blade, white to light-brown, not ligulate, 0.7–1.6 cm, slightly fibrous, rarely shredding at tip, apex obtuse; blade pale green to olive-green

brown, or gold, white-hyaline at tip, cylindric, unwinged, ± entire to 1 mm or flat, ± ciliate-serrulate, abaxial suture with conspicuous white margin

reflexed, 4–6 mm. Flowers 3–4.5 mm; perianth white to pale-yellow in early anthesis, becoming reddish or rose, glabrous; tepals dimorphic, those of outer

variable in color within populations, ranging from pale greenish yellow to various shades of pale pink to pale purple. None. None. "short to medium" is not a

Inflorescences 2–14 × 1–4 cm; bracts greenish throughout, or proximally greenish, distally white, cream, pale-pink, or pale-purple on apices, linear-lanceolate

has purple, pink, or white bracts and greenish corolla tubes and dorsal beak surfaces, with the beak margins pink, purple, or white. Reports from outside

Flowers: hypanthium greenish white to white or pinkish, broadly campanulate to rotate, 1.4–3 mm, glabrous; sepals pale greenish white or with slight reddish

stamens 3, filaments distinct. Pistillate flowers: sepals (5–) 6, white or greenish white, flat, 0.8–1.2 mm, 1-veined; nectary annular, unlobed to lobed.

acute; pedicels slender, 3–5 mm. Flowers 2–15, green or yellowish green to yellowish white or greenish white; dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate

scarlet, red, orange-red, or pale orange, sometimes pink, pink-purple, magenta, pale orange, yellow, greenish yellow, or white, 0–3 (–5) -lobed, central

obovoid, ovules 2–6 per locule, pendulous or horizontal; style included or exserted, filiform; stigma not lobed or weakly 3-lobed; pedicel slender. Fruits

mm; perianth greenish to creamy or pale yellowish-white, rarely pale-yellow or yellow, glabrous. Phenology: Flowering Jul–Sep. Habitat: Gravelly to rocky

architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence","spine pubescence or relief"

Spikelets 5–30, pale greenish white or stramineous, compressed, linear-lanceoloid, 7–35 × (1.2–) 1.4–2 mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–34, spreading or appressed

tepals greenish white to greenish yellow, 14–17 (–25) × 2–3 mm; stigma lobes yellow-green to pale green, 2–3 mm. Fruits whitish green proximally, pale green

apex acute or obtuse. Inflorescences 2.1–11 × 1.5–4 cm; bracts proximally greenish to pale yellow-green, sometimes brownish purple, distally white to cream

architecture or shape","cauline leaf arrangement","cauline leaf arrangement or course or shape","cauline leaf orientation","cauline leaf prominence or shape"

connate to middle or 0.8 mm proximal to stigmas, 4.5–7 mm, villous on proximal 1/2 or glabrous. Berries palatable, greenish to pale-red, globose, 7–15

subequal to calyx or beak slightly exserted; beak adaxially whitish; abaxial lip green or white, sometimes distally pink or reddish; teeth white or pink. 2n =

Inflorescences 3–14 × 1.5–3 cm; bracts greenish throughout, or proximally greenish, distally pale to bright-yellow or whitish, rarely pale orangish, lanceolate to oblong

bracts greenish or pale-yellow, rarely purplish or deep red, often with dull purplish veins on proximal bracts, or proximally greenish or pale-yellow,

× 1–4 cm; bracts greenish or bright to sometimes dull red, sometimes scarlet, orange, or pale-pink throughout, or proximally greenish, distally as above

pink, or lavender throughout, or distally white or pale-yellow, sometimes distally dull pink, pink, salmon, orangish, pale pink-orange, buff, or cream

Flowers: hypanthium greenish white, narrowly tubular, 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous; sepals not overlapping, spreading to reflexed, pale green to white, linear-oblong

exserted, beak usually exserted; beak adaxially white, 7–10 mm, margins white or pale salmon; abaxial lip pale green to yellow-green, inflated, pouches 3,

petals cream, 2.6–3.8 mm. Drupes pale blue, violet plumbeous, or blue-violet, often turning whitish blue to white, globose or oblate-ellipsoid, 5–6 × 6–10

yellow throughout, to 30 mm; filaments and anthers pale-yellow; style pale greenish yellow; stigma lobes pale cream. Fruits reddish at maturity, obovoid, 40

bracts greenish or deep purplish throughout, or proximally greenish or deep purplish, distally white, pink, magenta, reddish purple, purple, or pale-yellow

solitary. Flowers: hypanthium and sepals purplish to greenish; petals white. Drupes brownish to orange or purplish brown, ovoid to ellipsoid, 10–20 (–25) mm

sterile flowers pale-yellow or purplish. Flowers: sepals of fertile ones greenish yellow or purplish; petals lemon yellow or yellowish white. Fruit valves

obtuse). Phyllaries usually creamy white, sometimes cream, greenish, pinkish, rose-purplish, purplish, yellowish, or pale-pink, thinly arachnoid-pubescent

mm, glabrous. Flowers: sepals greenish white, white, or pale-yellow, 7–11 mm, glabrous; petals white (with light-brown or purplish veins), 11–17 mm; adaxial

Involucres cylindric, 8–12.5 mm. Phyllaries 7–9. Florets 10–14; corollas pale greenish white, 9–10 mm; anthers 1.5–2 mm. Cypselae light golden brown with darker

architecture or arrangement","basal leaf architecture or shape","base shape","blade architecture or function or pubescence","bract architecture or shape","bract

5, erect, 0.1–0.2 mm. Flowers 1–3 (–3.5) mm; perianth pale-yellow or yellow, rarely creamy white, becoming red, glabrous; tepals dimorphic, those of outer

"branch architecture","branch architecture or function or pubescence","branch architecture or pubescence or relief","branch fragility","branch location"

distal obtuse, rounded, or truncate. Calyces proximally light green, distally red, pale-pink, or white, rarely pale-yellow, usually paler than bracts, often

"rhizome height or length or size","rhizome shape","rhizome size or width","rootstock height or length or size","rootstock shape","rootstock size or width","scape

architecture or function or pubescence","bract architecture or shape","bract fusion","branch architecture","branch architecture or pubescence or relief","branch

(25–) 50–90-flowered. Flowers: tepals white or pale-pink; stamens exserted, 2–4 mm; ovary crests white or greenish in fresh specimens. 2n = 14. Phenology:

5–4.5 cm; bracts proximally greenish, rarely dull reddish purple, distally white to cream, rarely pale-yellow or dull, pale-pink (sharply differentiated

mid length, apex acute to obtuse. Calyces proximally pale green to pale yellow-green, distally pale-red to red-orange above middle, 12.5–20.5 mm; abaxial

longest at margins; petals pale lavender, sometimes lightly pale-veined, 16–17 mm; staminal column 6–7 mm, hairy; anthers white to pale-yellow; stigmas usually

architecture or arrangement","basal leaf architecture or shape","base shape","blade architecture or function or pubescence","bract architecture or shape","bract

Inflorescences 3–15 × 2–4 cm; bracts proximally greenish, distally yellow-green, green, pale-yellow, cream, or pale orange, often tinged with bright orange along

to rounded, 0.5–2 × 0.5–2 cm, densely white-tomentose on both surfaces, rarely glabrate and grayish or greenish adaxially. Inflorescences cymose, occasionally

Flowers: hypanthium green, campanulate or short-tubular, 2–4 mm, glabrous; sepals pale greenish or with some reddish or purplish tinge at least near base,

scales persistent, 1–5, appressed, pale greenish white laterally, stramineous with reddish dots, or deep red, greenish or light-brown medially, 3–6-ribbed

lanceolate (glabrous or tomentulose). Florets ± 60; corollas pale-yellow, often purple-tinged, 9–10 mm. Cypselae 4–5 mm, hispidulous or glabrate; pappi of

dull reddish-brown throughout, or proximally green, dull reddish-brown, or reddish purple, distally greenish white, yellow, or cream, broadly lanceolate to

architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence","spine pubescence or relief"

usually pale-yellow; anthers yellow; style whitish to pale green; stigma lobes greenish. Fruits purple-red, oval to broadly ovate, subspheric or short ovoid

corollas cream to pale-yellow, often red or purple-tinged, 6–7.5 mm. Cypselae 3–4 mm, sparsely hispidulous; pappi of 24–28 white or tawny, barbellate bristles

Florets 18–25; corollas pale-yellow, often purple-tinged, 5.5–7 mm. Cypselae 3–3.5 mm, pubescent to velutinous; pappi of 30–40 white, barbellate bristles

architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence","spine pubescence or relief"

parallel, green, with pale commissures, lobes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 5–8 mm, herbaceous; corolla pale greenish yellow to white, clawed, claw equaling

architecture","lobe architecture or course","lobe arrangement or course or shape","lobe coloration","lobe height or length or size","lobe quantity","longer

mm diam.; petals pale-pink, slightly pale-veined, 8–10 mm; staminal column 5 mm, minutely puberulent; anthers white; stigmas (4–) 6 or 7. Schizocarps 4–5

position or structure subtype","style quantity","substance coating","substance coloration or reflectance","tube height or length or size","tube length or size"

acute to obtuse. Inflorescences 2.5–6 × 1–2.5 cm; bracts greenish to pale yellow-green or very pale, dull purplish throughout, lanceolate to oblong, (0–)

to rounded, 0.5–2 (–2.5) × 0.5–2 cm, white-tomentose abaxially, less so to nearly glabrous and grayish or greenish adaxially. Inflorescences cymose, often

tomentose; teeth 5, erect, 0.2–0.3 mm. Flowers 1.5–2 mm; perianth white to pink or pale yellowish, becoming pink to red, glabrous; tepals dimorphic, those

gold or redbrown, with pale midstripe, lanceolate to ovate, (3.9–) 4.3–5.2 mm, shorter than or ± equaling and narrower than perigynia, margin white, 0–0

ovoid or obovoid, 11–21 × 6–9 mm, base acute to attenuate, apex truncate to tapered. Pistillate scales redbrown, red-gold, or gold, with pale-brown or whitish

"blade architecture or function or pubescence","bract architecture or shape","bract fusion","branch architecture or pubescence or relief","branch density"

tomentose; blade oblanceolate to spatulate or elliptic, 0.5–1.5 (–2) × (0.2–) 0.3–0.8 (–1) cm, densely white or greenish-tomentose on both surfaces, margins plane

cm; inner tepals white or creamy white, sometimes with midstripes or faint midlines of pale green, greenish tan, dull pinkish brown, or olive-gray, 1–2

conspicuous white margins; peduncle 1.2–3 mm, densely pilose. Involucre campanulate, 2.7–3.5 × 2.2–3 mm, densely pilose; glands 4–5, green to pale greenish yellow

length uniform; petals pink or pale lavender, (5–) 11–14 mm, pistillate smaller; staminal column 4–5 mm, hairy; anthers white; stigmas (4–) 7. Schizocarps

2–0.5 mm. Flowers 1–2.5 (–3) mm; perianth white with greenish or reddish midribs to pale-yellow with greenish midribs, becoming pink to reddish, densely

4 (–2.5) × 0.5–1.2 (–2) cm, densely white or rufous-tomentose abaxially, thinly tomentose or glabrous and greenish adaxially. Inflorescences thinly tomentose

teeth 5, erect, 0.5–0.8 mm. Flowers (2–) 2.5–4 mm; perianth pale or greenish yellow, rarely white, glabrous; tepals connate proximal 1/3–1/2, monomorphic,

Inflorescences 4.5–18 × 1.5–6 cm; bracts white, cream, pale-yellow, pink, salmon, orange, or dull red throughout, or proximally greenish, distally as above, broadly

"arm course","arm height or length or size","arm length or size","arm orientation","arm relief","bract fusion","branch growth form or orientation","distal

nearly connivent, erect, white or yellowish, elliptic-oblanceolate or oblong-obovate to spatulate, not conspicuously revolute or inrolled, 1.5–2.5 mm; nectary

perianth usually pale-yellow to yellow, sometimes white, glabrous. 2n = 40. Phenology: Flowering Jul–Oct. Habitat: Sandy to gravelly or clayey flats, washes

bright-yellow, paler near base, 20–30 × 4.5–8.5 mm; stigma lobes cream to pale-yellow, 5–6 mm. Fruits greenish white to dull pinkish tan or maroon, ovoid

architecture or pubescence or relief","spine architecture or shape","spine coloration or pubescence or relief","spine pubescence","spine pubescence or relief"

architecture or arrangement","basal leaf architecture or shape","base shape","blade architecture or function or pubescence","bract architecture or shape","bract

pubescence or relief","body architecture or shape","body relief","branch arrangement or course or shape","branch structure in adjective form","bristle architecture"

glabrous. Flowers usually white or cream, sometimes greenish tinged, drying white to brownish green, corolla usually becoming pale yellowish apically, 3–6

elliptic, (0.5–) 0.6–0.9 (–1) × 0.25–0.6 cm, densely white-tomentose and glandular on both surfaces or greenish adaxially, margins plane. Inflorescences capitate

4–7; corollas usually white, sometimes pale-yellow, laminae oblong to suborbiculate, 7–10 mm. Disc-florets 8–13; corollas yellow or tinged with purple (drying

proximally greenish, distally pale to bright-yellow, sometimes brownish orange, sometimes with brownish orange medial band, oblong, elliptic, or obovate,

absent or obscure. Flowers 1 (–2) per axil; perianth campanulate; tepals slightly spreading but not recurved, white or greenish yellow, streaked or spotted

10–19; corollas white, 9–15 mm. Cypselae brown, fusiform to oblanceoloid, subterete or angled, 5 mm, indistinctly 7–10-ribbed; pappi pale-yellow, 5–6 mm

architecture","lobe architecture or course","lobe arrangement or course or shape","lobe coloration","lobe height or length or size","lobe quantity","longer

architecture","lobe architecture or course","lobe arrangement or course or shape","lobe coloration","lobe height or length or size","lobe quantity","longer

architecture","lobe architecture or course","lobe arrangement or course or shape","lobe coloration","lobe height or length or size","lobe quantity","longer

lanceolate, apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescences 10–14+ × 6 cm; bracts proximally dull greenish to dull brownish, distally pale orange to reddish, cuneate

lobes 4 (–5). Cypselae pale-brown to tan, ± cylindric-obconic (asymmetric, abaxially ± gibbous distally), 1.15–1.5 mm, ribs white (lateral 2 each with reddish-brown

pubescence or relief","body architecture or shape","body relief","branch arrangement or course or shape","branch structure in adjective form","bristle architecture"

throughout, sometimes green, pale orange, rose red, salmon, or yellow throughout, or proximally greenish or dull reddish, distally colored as above, lanceolate

cm; bracts proximally greenish, distally ± pale-yellow, proximals sometimes greenish throughout, linear to narrowly lanceolate or narrowly oblong, (3–)

orientation","stigma position or structure subtype","stigma quantity","stigma shape","style architecture or shape","style height or length or size","style orientation"

architecture or function or pubescence","branch architecture or pubescence or relief","branch fragility","branch relief","caudex stem architecture or arrangement"

"branch architecture","branch architecture or function or pubescence","branch architecture or pubescence or relief","branch fragility","branch location"

reflexed, bright red, narrowly oblong, 10–13 mm; petals connivent, erect, white or pinkish, broadly flabelliform but usually inrolled on edges, 4–5 (–7) mm;

yellowish green or flushed with red or dark red, sometimes only red-flecked, 7–17 mm; petals yellow to pale-yellow, fading pale-yellow to pale yellowish orange

"blade architecture or function or pubescence","bract architecture or shape","bract fusion","branch architecture or pubescence or relief","branch density"

2–3 mm, lobes 1–2.5 mm. Flowers 4–8 mm; perianth pale-yellow to cream or whitish, rarely greenish white. Phenology: Flowering Jun–Sep. Habitat: Sandy to

× 1.6–2.5 (–3.5) cm, densely white to grayish or reddish-tomentose abaxially, less so to floccose or glabrous and greenish adaxially, margins entire, plane

architecture","lobe architecture or course","lobe arrangement or course or shape","lobe coloration","lobe height or length or size","lobe quantity","longer

arrangement or course or shape","lobe length or size","lobe orientation","margin coloration","margin pubescence","margin shape","margin shape or vernation"

margins greenish, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial pubescent; petals pale cream; anthers pink; styles 3–5. Pomes 1–5 (–6) per infructescence, pale reddish

architecture or course","tooth arrangement or course or shape","tooth variability","tube architecture","tube coloration","tube growth form or texture","tube

arrangement or course or shape","bract duration","connective width","corolla shape","filament fusion","flower architecture","flower architecture or arrangement

America. Tayloria 54 Setae pale greenish white, slender; costae filling acumen; e North America. Splachnum 16 Laminal cells papillose or prorulose. > 55 55 Leaves